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1030:. Inability to hear the sound of an oncoming train over the engine noise of a snowmobile makes this activity extremely dangerous. Collision with large animals such as moose and deer, which may venture onto a snowmobile trail, is another major cause of snowmobile accidents. Most often such encounters occur at night or in low-visibility conditions when the animal could not be seen in time to prevent a collision. Also even when successful, a sudden maneuver to miss hitting the animal could still result in the operator losing control of the snowmobile.
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only some being slightly quieter than a completely open, unbaffled system. Most, if not all, local snowmobile clubs (that maintain and groom trail systems) do not recommend them because of noise. Local and state authorities have set up checkpoints on high-traffic trails, checking for excessively loud systems and issuing citations. Typically these systems are installed on two-stroke powered machines (giving the distinctive "braap" sound); however, in recent years aftermarket companies have released silencers for four-stroke models as well.
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snow for winter recreation are now required to designate where OSVs are allowed to travel and where they are prohibited. In doing so, the Forest
Service must minimize 1) damage to soil, watershed, vegetation, and other forest resources; 2) harassment of wildlife and significant disruption of wildlife habitats; and 3) conflicts between motor vehicle use and existing or proposed recreational uses of National Forest System lands or neighboring Federal lands.
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advances in mountain snowmobiles have improved since 2003 with Ski-Doo's introduction of the "REV" framework platform. Most two-stroke mountain snowmobiles have a top engine size of 800 cc, producing around 150 hp (110 kW), although some 1,000 cc factory machines have been produced. These may not be as popular as many 800 cc models outperform them because of weight and an increase of unneeded power.
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1108:, snowmobiles account for 80% of total hydrocarbon emissions and 50% of carbon monoxide emissions in the winter. This is just less than 2% and 1% respectively of the overall annual pollution within the park. Snowmobiles are only allowed to be ridden on the unplowed roads used in the summer, and riding off the roads is prohibited. This accounts for less than 1% (0.002%) of the park area.
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502:, with the exception of the Taiga TS2. Historically, snowmobiles have always used two-stroke engines because of their reduced complexity, weight and cost, compared to a similarly powered four-stroke. However, four-stroke powered snowmobiles have been gaining popularity steadily in the last fifteen or so years, with manufacturer Yamaha producing four-stroke snowmobiles only. The
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Ski-Doo in 1959 at the request of a priest. The priest had asked
Bombardier to make an economical and reliable means of winter travel. The Ski-Doo greatly changed life in northern North America's isolated communities, where Ski-Doo replaced sled dogs by the end of the 1960s. The Ski-Doo also greatly improved communication between isolated communities.
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control can easily result in the snowmobile colliding with a nearby object, such as a rock or tree. Most snowmobiles are fitted with a cord connected to a kill switch, which would stop the snowmobile if the rider falls off; however, not all riders use this device every time they operate a snowmobile.
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Snowmobile injuries and fatalities are high compared to those caused by on road motor vehicle traffic. Losing control of a snowmobile could easily cause extensive damage, injury, or death. One such cause of snowmobile accidents is loss of control from a loose grip. If the rider falls off, the loss of
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A snow bike takes a typical dirt bike and replaces the rear wheel with a single tread system similar to a snowmobile and the front wheel with a large ski. It is much smaller and nimbler than a snowmobile, and it has a tighter turning radius, which lets the rider go where many snowmobiles cannot. The
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Mountain sleds permit access in remote areas with deep snow, which was nearly impossible a few decades ago. This is mainly due to alterations, enhancements, and additions of original trail model designs such as weight, weight distribution, track length, paddle depth, and power. Technology and design
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An aerosani (Russian: aerosani, literally 'aerosled') is a type of propeller-powered snowmobile, running on skis, used for communications, mail deliveries, medical aid, emergency recovery and border patrolling in northern Russia, as well as for recreation. Aerosanis were used by the Soviet Red Army
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The use of aftermarket exhaust systems ("cans" or "silencers") is controversial. These replace the stock muffler with a less restrictive system that is usually claimed to increase power output of the engine. However, these aftermarket exhausts are often much louder than those from the factory, with
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Cornices and other kinds of jumps are sought after for aerial maneuvers. Riders often search for non-tracked, virgin terrain and are known to "trailblaze" or "boondock" deep into remote territory where there is absolutely no visible path to follow. However, this type of trailblazing is dangerous as
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system suitable for all kinds of snow conditions. Bombardier had already made some "metal" tracked vehicles since 1928, but his new revolutionary track traction system (a toothed wheel covered in rubber, and a rubber-and-cotton track that wraps around the back wheels) was his first major invention.
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during the summer and winter months. Once a booming gold mining town, Bralorne is now a very small town with a population of 60, and it is relatively inaccessible by car in the winter. The economy relies on visits from snowmobilers, who contribute to the economy by spending money on gas, food, and
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or less at 20 meters from a snowmobile path. As of 2009, snowmobiles produce 90% less noise than in the 1960s but there are still numerous complaints. Efforts to reduce noise focus on suppressing mechanical noise of the suspension components and tracks. Arctic Cat in 2005 introduced "Silent Track
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since 2002 and 2003, respectively. However, in the last decade several manufacturers have been successful in designing less polluting motors, and putting most of them in production. Yamaha and Arctic-Cat were the first to mass-produce four-stroke models, which are significantly less polluting than
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issued in the 1970s. However, these rules were not applied to snowmobiles. In 2015, following a decision in a lawsuit brought by Winter
Wildlands Alliance against the Forest Service, the rules were extended to snowmobiles, referred to as an over-snow vehicle (OSV). National Forests with sufficient
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Risks can be reduced through education, proper training, appropriate gear, attention to published avalanche warnings and avoiding drinking alcohol. In some areas of
Western U.S., organizations provide avalanche training, some of which is free. It is recommended that snowmobile riders wear a helmet
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are designed as working snowmobiles for carrying supplies, pulling cargo sleds, pulling trail grooming implements, carrying several passengers, and negotiating deep snow. Engine and transmission combination are designed to deliver optimum power to pull or carry large loads while top-end speeds are
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Trail snowmobiles improved in the past 15 years as well (many of them borrowed from endeavors to produce winning mountain sleds). Heavy "muscle sleds" can produce speeds in excess of 100 mph (160 km/h) due to powerful engines (up to 1,200 cc stock, and custom engines exceeding 1,200 cc),
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Since the invention of snowmobiles, isolated communities of northern North
America have always had a demand for them. However, the early snowmobiles designs were not economical or functional enough for the harsh environment of northern North America. Joseph-Armand Bombardier started producing the
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The first snowmobiles made do with as little as 5 horsepower (3.7 kW) engines, but engine sizes and efficiency have improved drastically. In the early 1990s, the biggest engines available (typically 600cc-800cc displacement range) produced around 115 hp (86 kW). As of 2022, several
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Older snowmobiles could generally accommodate two people; however, most snowmobiles manufactured since the 1990s have been designed to only accommodate one person. Snowmobiles built with the ability to accommodate two people are referred to as "2-up" snowmobiles or "touring" models and make up an
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Depending on jurisdiction, there may be penalties for driving outside permitted areas, without an approved helmet, without a driver's license, with an unregistered snowmobile, or while under the influence of alcohol or other substances. There may also be regulations regarding noise and wildlife.
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Not only are snowmobiles popular in the United States and Canada, USSR has their very own version of the snowmobile, which can be seen in the
Aerosani. Aerosani, when interpreted, intends "aero sleigh." The Russians usage this propeller-powered snowmobile for delivering the mail, patrolling the
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In 1917, Virgil D. White set up to create a patent for his conversion kit that changed the Ford Model T into a "snowmobile". He also copyrighted the term "snowmobile". At the time, the conversion kit was expensive, costing about $ 395. Virgil White applied his patent in 1918 and created his own
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We identified 480 injuries in 294 patients, and 81 (27.6%) of these patients died. Collisions accounted for 72% of the injury mechanisms. Of the injuries sustained, 31% occurred on roads. Excessive speed was a risk factor in 54% of patients, suboptimal lighting in 86% and a blood alcohol level
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According to the
International Snowmobile Manufacturers Association, snowmobilers in Canada and the United States spend over $ 28 billion on snowmobiling each year. This includes expenditures on equipment, clothing, accessories, snowmobiling vacations (lodging, fuel, and food), maintenance and
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In 1951 Fritz
Riemerschmid devised what he called a snow scooter. The machine had a track mounted beneath a snowboard like base, on top of which were an enclosed engine with motorcycle like seat and fuel tank. the vehicle was steered via a steering wheel and cables linked to two small skis on
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developed the prototype of the modern snowmobile in the 1920s when he mounted a two-cylinder motorcycle engine on a long sled, steered it with skis under the front, and propelled it with single, endless track. Eliason made 40 snowmobiles, patented in 1927. Upon receiving an order for 200 from
742:). Competitors copied and improved his design; in the 1970s there were over a hundred snowmobile manufacturers. From 1970 to 1973, two million machines were sold, peaking at 500,000 sold in 1971. Many of the snowmobile companies were small and the biggest manufacturers were often attempts by
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series shared the same basic dual-track platform, twin 20 in Ă 156 in (510 mm Ă 3,960 mm) tracks with dual skis up front. Power for the Sherpa is supplied by a 1.6L in-line four-cylinder gasoline automotive engine. The new
Superclass power is provided by a 1.2L
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is required to operate a snowmobile. A specific snowmobile driver's license is required in, for example, Norway and Sweden. In
Finland, a snowmobile driver's license is not required if the driver already has another type of appropriate driver's license (for example car or tractor).
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modified with a cowl-cover, side-by-side seating, and a set of sled-runners fore and aft. While it did not have the tracks of a true snowmobile, its appearance was otherwise similar to the modern version and is one of the earliest examples of a personal motorized snow-vehicle.
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territories for travel. However, the tiny Arctic population means a correspondingly small market. Most snowmobiles are sold for recreational purposes in places where snow cover is stable during winter. The number of snowmobiles in Europe and other parts of the world is low.
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short tracks, and good traction on groomed trails. Sno-cross oriented snowmobiles often have an engine size cap of 440 or 600 cc, but lighter machines with redesigned stances, formats, and weight control have produced extremely fast and quickly accelerating race sleds.
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Swerving off of the path may result in rolling the snowmobile or crashing into an obstacle. In unfamiliar areas, riders may crash into suspended barbed wire or haywire fences at high speeds. Each year a number of serious or fatal accidents are caused by these factors.
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as their primary method of transportation for hunting during the winter months. The Ski-Doo allowed trappers to travel greater distances faster, allowing them to expand their hunting grounds. Prospectors, mining companies, foresters, backcountry cabin owners, the
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that had the drive train reversed of today's snowmobiles with two front wheelsâthe larger one behind the smaller oneâwith tires driving an endless loop track". Little is known about this "snowmobile" meant to haul cargo and trade goods to isolated settlements.
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in Montreal created the first commercially produced electric snowmobile. The Taiga TS2 can go from zero to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 3 seconds, with 250 Nâ
m (180 lbâ
ft) of instant torque. The Taiga TS2 weighs 470 lb (210 kg).
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Joseph-Armand Bombardier's tests of Ski-Dog proved that snowmobiling was fun, and snowmobiling became a new form of outdoor recreation. People who once sat dormant throughout winter were now given the opportunity in more outdoor activities.
714:, Minnesota, invented what we now know as the modern snowmobile in 1955â1956, but the early machines were heavy (1,000 lb or 450 kg) and slow (20 mph or 32 km/h). Their company, Hetteen Hoist & Derrick Co., became
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in 1905. Designed for travel on snow, it consisted of a sleigh body mounted on a framework that held an engine, a drive-shaft system, and runners. Although considered an interesting novelty, sales were low and production ceased in 1906.
281:, suitable for use over soft ground, including snow. Conventional front wheels and steering were used but the wheel could be fitted with skis as seen in the upper right image. He applied it to several cars in the Royal garage including
694:, Ockelbo (Sweden), who made the 8000, and Bombardier who made the Alpine and later the Alpine II. Currently, there are two manufacturers of dual-track snowmobiles; Russia's Buran and the Italian Alpina snowmobiles (under the name
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first prototype of motorcycles with a rear tread date to the 1920s, with subsequent failed attempts to bring them to market. Many motorcycles made after the 1990s can be fitted with kits that transform them into snow bikes.
544:, resulting in dramatic increase of engine horsepower. Snowmobiles are capable of moving across steep hillsides without sliding down-slope if the rider transfers their weight towards the uphill side, a process called
1041:, or driving a snowmobile as far up a hill as it can go. During the 2018â2019 season, 7 snowmobilers in the United States were killed. Avalanche safety education is critical for those accessing the backcountry.
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snowmobiles are available with engines sizes up to 1,200 cc, producing 150+ hp, as well as several models with up to 1,000 cc engines producing closer to 210 hp (160 kW). Recently, some models are
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Each year, riders are killed by hitting other snowmobiles, automobiles, pedestrians, rocks, trees, or fences, or falling through thin ice. On average, 10 people a year have died in such crashes in
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with the undercarriage replaced by tracks and skis following this design. They were popular for rural mail delivery for a time. The common name for these conversion of cars and small trucks was
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and succeeding recessions. Sales rebounded to 260,000 in 1997 but gradually decreased afterward, influenced by warmer winters and the use during all four seasons of small one- or two-person
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The challenges of cross-country transportation in the winter led to the invention of an all-terrain vehicle specifically designed for travel across deep snow where other vehicles foundered.
1096:, but the set of rules governing pollution emissions for off-road vehicles was only released in January 2005. In another example of regulation, only four-stroke snowmobiles are allowed in
797:. The four-stroke Sherpa is currently the top machine in production. A new version of the Superclass has been released in 2017, with a lot of innovations and a new four-stroke engine. The
490:, from the 1960s until the end of the 1980s. It was a very small and basic design, with just an engine in the rear and a track. The driver sat on it and steered using skis on his feet.
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The Snocross racing series are snowmobile races on a motocross-like course. The races are held during the winter season in Northern United States and Canada. One of the largest in
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technology" on touring models such as the T660 Turbo, Bearcat, and some M-Series sleds. Ski-Doo has since then also used comparative "silent track technology" on some models.
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Fatal collisions with trains can also occur when a snowmobile operator engages in the illegal practice of "rail riding", riding between railroad track rails over snow-covered
571:, and numerous other modifications that increase power and maneuverability. Many of these customizations can now be purchased straight off the showroom floor on stock models.
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Drag racing is common with snowmobiles year-round, with summer and fall often with grass or closed-course (asphalt or concrete) drag strips. The largest event is Hay Days in
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Higher-powered modern snowmobiles can achieve speeds over 150 mph (240 km/h). Drag racing snowmobiles can reach speeds over 200 mph (320 km/h).
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introduced his own snowmobile using an open-cockpit one- or two-person form, similar to the 1957 Polaris Sno Traveler, and started selling it under the brand name
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He started production of the B-7, an enclosed, seven-passenger snowmobile, in 1937, and introduced the B-12, a twelve-passenger model, in 1942. The B-7 had a V-8
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technology called "Cleanfire Injection" on their two-strokes. The industry is also working on a direct-injected "clean two strokes" that is better in terms of
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between 1906 and 1916. These used a flexible belt rather than interlocking metal segments and could be fitted to a conventional car or truck to turn it into a
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As a result of their inherent maneuverability, acceleration, and high-speed abilities, skill and physical strength are both required to operate a snowmobile.
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Snowmobiles designed to perform various work tasks have been available for many years with dual tracks from such manufacturers as Aktiv (Sweden), who made
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contact with buried rocks, logs, and frozen ground can cause extensive damage and injuries. Riders look for large open fields of fresh snow where they can
164:. Recreational riding is known as snowcross/racing, trail riding, freestyle, boondocking, ditchbanging and grass drags. In the summertime snowmobilers can
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A patent (554.482) for the Sled-Propeller design, without a model, was submitted on Sept. 5, 1895 by inventors William J. Culman and William B. Follis of
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860:, Michigan. It is a 500-mile (800 km) race on a track, with the current purse being in excess of $ 40,000. It has been running since February 1969.
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Vintage Snowmobile Racing is the racing of vintage snowmobiles and has grown in popularity as a sporting event on the Canadian prairie and in America.
3061:
Reich, Leonard S. (July 1999). "Ski-Dogs, Pol-Cats, and the Mechanization of Winter: The Development of Recreational Snowmobiling in North America".
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Reich, Leonard S. (July 1999). "Ski-Dogs, Pol-Cats, and the Mechanization of Winter: The Development of Recreational Snowmobiling in North America".
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Reich, Leonard S. (July 1999). "Ski-Dogs, Pol-Cats, and the Mechanization of Winter: The Development of Recreational Snowmobiling in North America".
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Reich, Leonard S. (July 1999). "Ski-Dogs, Pol-Cats, and the Mechanization of Winter: The Development of Recreational Snowmobiling in North America".
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Reich, Leonard S. (July 1999). "Ski-Dogs, Pol-Cats, and the Mechanization of Winter: The Development of Recreational Snowmobiling in North America".
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was introduced and is the model name for the four-stroke machine. Prior to introducing the Sherpa, Alpina offered a two-stroke series designated the
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311:, Michigan, received the Canadian patent for his motor sleigh, or "traineau automobile", and on June 27, 1916, he received the first United States
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Independent researchers, undergraduates and graduate students participate in contests to lessen the impact of emissions from snowmobiles. The
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regrouping the entries from universities from across United States and Canada. Some of the participants in recent years have been the
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Maximum noise restrictions have been enacted by law for both production of snowmobiles and aftermarket components. For instance, in
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introduced the first snow bike event in the form of a SnowBikeCross race. The following year they introduced a Best Trick event.
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149:) and some specialized makers like the Quebec-based AD Boivin, manufacturer of the Snow Hawk and the European Alpina snowmobile.
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kept below 52 mph (84 km/h), depending on the model. The large footprint of the dual tracks and dual skis allows the
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suited the converted Ford Model Ts and other like vehicles, but they were not suitable for humid snow areas such as southern
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In 1911 a 24-year-old, Harold J. Kalenze (pronounced Collins), patented the Vehicle Propeller in Brandon, Manitoba, Canada.
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accessories like handle-bar risers, handguards, custom/lightweight hoods, windshields, and seats, running board supports,
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36 CFR Parts 212, 251, 261, and 295. Travel Management; Designated Routes and Areas for Motor Vehicle Use; Final Rule.
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also found snowmobiles very effective because they were the most economical method of transportation of small loads.
1015:, 16 out of 21 deaths in snowmobile collisions between 1996 and 2000 were caused by the effects of alcohol. Wrestler
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for a snow-vehicle using the now recognized format of rear track(s) and front skis. Many individuals later modified
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Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office United States. Page 778. January 1, 1896; U.S. Patent Office.
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at the front provide directional control. The earliest snowmobiles were powered by readily available industrial
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259:. There is some dispute over whether Aerosanis count as snowmobiles because they were not propelled by tracks.
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Office, Government of Canada, Industry Canada, Office of the Deputy Minister, Canadian Intellectual Property.
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resort each year in March. 2019 was the 43rd year of the four-day event and drew around 10,000 in attendance.
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industrial, and 2,817 units were produced until 1951. It was used in many applications, such as ambulances,
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According to the research center RISE, approximately 135,000 snowmobiles will be sold worldwide yearly.
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snowmobile. In 1922, his conversion kit was on the markets and available only through Ford dealerships.
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The second half of the 20th century saw the rise of recreational snowmobiling, whose riders are called
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937:" is the longest snowmachine race in the world. It is 2,031 miles (3,269 km) long and runs from
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impact of snowmobiles has been the subject of much debate. Governments have been reacting slowly to
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and dual oxygen-probe. Bombardier's E-Tec two-stroke motors emit 85% less pollutants than previous
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Early snowmobiles used simple rubber tracks, but modern snowmobiles' tracks are usually made of a
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An Aerosledge, a propeller-driven and running on skis, was built in 1909â1910 by Russian inventor
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published a Travel Management Rule for off-highway vehicles, strengthening the implementation of
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from manufacturers and snowmobilers. For instance, in 1999, the Canadian government adopted the
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As of 2003, the snowmobile market has been shared between the four large North American makers (
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the early two-stroke machines. Alpina offers only four-stroke EFI engines equipped with a
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2494:"Cleaner, Quieter Snowmobiles Approved For Use In Yellowstone National Park This Winter"
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
380:. They made 300 for military use, then transferred the patent to a Canadian subsidiary.
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Descarries, Eric. "Autoneiges Bombardier: Des patenteux perpétuent la tradition". in
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2084:"Electric snowmobile manufacturer Taiga Motors plans to electrify the sledding scene"
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trucks. Although this was not a snowmobile, it is an ancestor of the modern concept.
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which introduced their first commercial model, the Polaris Sno Traveler in 1957.
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others. Often this is the only source of income for some smaller towns, such as
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889:, Wisconsin, in July. The snowmobiles are raced on a marked course, similar to
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2692:(in French). Comité de protection de l'environnement de Québec. Archived from
2293:"Snowmobile trauma: 10 years' experience at Manitoba's tertiary trauma centre"
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vehicles, winter "school buses", forestry machines, and even army vehicles in
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In northern North America, historically, isolated communities depended on
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Alpina manufactures one basic dual-track snowmobile design. In 2002 the
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2057:"These Canadians Are Building the First Commercial Electric Snowmobile"
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1663:"Canadian Patent Database / Base de données sur les brevets canadiens"
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In 1914, O. M. Erickson and Art Olsen of the P.N. Bushnell company in
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2715:"ISMA (International Snowmobile Manufacturers Association) â Welcome"
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Most modern snowmobiles are powered by either a four- or two-stroke
448:
750:
makers to branch off in a new market. Most of these companies went
180:). Snowmobiles are sometimes modified to compete in long-distance
1257:
1231:
1127:
842:
783:
769:
623:
615:
602:
582:
447:
354:
338:
330:
215:
207:
191:
169:
40:
2237:"Alcohol involvement in snowmobile operator fatalities in Canada"
359:
Airplane-engine-powered skimobile taxi in Red Lake, Canada, 1937
91:
2539:, John Miller & Todd Dvorak, Associated Press, 1 April 2013
464:
In the mid-1950s, a United States firm built a "snowmobile the
299:, South Dakota, built an open two-seater "motor-bob" out of an
113:. These would quickly be replaced by lighter and more powerful
1873:
1509:"The American Motor Sleigh & The American Motor Sleigh Co"
1200:
1166:
823:
to "float" on top of deep snow and not sink in and get stuck.
642:
102:
3154:
2025:
1839:. Chicago: Popular Mechanics Company. March 1951. p. 95
2934:
Percy, E. C. (May 1972). "The Snowmobile: Friend or Foe?".
2586:
Erwan Chapelier, Christian De Figueiredo and Pascal Prado.
2536:
Powder Struggle: Federal Judge orders snomobile regulations
2421:
10.1580/1080-6032(1999)010[0146:aditus]2.3.co;2
2404:"Avalanche deaths in the United States: a 45-year analysis"
1957:"Sweden's Green Push Now Includes Electrifying Snowmobiles"
1792:"NHSNOCAR.COM â Classic Model T and Model A Snow Car Parts"
1395:
424:. The B-12 had a flathead in line six-cylinder engine from
527:
Most snowmobiles do not have any enclosures, except for a
510:
snowmobiles with lower noise, and similar vehicles exist.
3155:
The International Association of Snowmobile Manufacturers
2188:"Injuries associated with snowmobiles, Alaska, 1993â1994"
1900:"Electric snowmobiles to be used in Whistler next winter"
959:
The World Championship Hill Climb competition is held in
595:, French Alps. It carries emergency equipment and tows a
3123:
CBC Digital Archives â Bombardier: The Snowmobile Legacy
1562:
Valeri Potapov Translated by: James F. Gebhardt (1998).
1484:"Scientific American Volume 92 Number 04 (January 1905)"
2026:"TRAILGROOM.COM...The Best in Trail Grooming Machinery"
1334: â Vehicle specialized for snowy or icy conditions
3117:
The Bombardier story: planes, trains, and snowmobiles.
2347:"USA Wrestling â Features, Events, Results â Team USA"
2159:
Hortemo GS, BrattebĂž G, Hellesnes S (April 1990). "".
1813:
Thorpe, John (28 January 1953). "Continental Report".
247:
of helicopter fame. Aerosanis were used by the Soviet
2402:
Page, CE; Atkins, D; Shockley, LW; Yaron, M (1999).
1342:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1132:
Student-constructed SAE clean snowmobile at Imagine
900:
is the Northeast SnoX Challenge in early January in
1858:"American Snowmobile Ends Need for Dogs in Arctic."
2549:Use By Over-Snow Vehicles (Travel Management Rule)
2135:"What Are Snow Bikes and How Are They So Awesome?"
1591:. Journal-a-day. December 18, 2006. Archived from
1345:Pages displaying short descriptions with no spaces
3013:
3011:
2967:
2965:
1424:. Musée J-Armand Bombardier. 2003. Archived from
1328: â Internal combustion engine classification
54:First person view of a snowmobile driven through
1100:since a bylaw was recently passed to minimize CO
754:or were acquired by larger companies during the
212:Harry Kalenze, inventor of the Vehicle Propeller
2377:"Avalanches kill more snowmobilers than skiers"
1634:during the Winter War and the Second World War.
1199:with a less polluting two-stroke engine using
1033:The next leading cause of injury and death is
235:was a short-lived novelty vehicle produced in
220:Nicholas II Packard Twin-6 with KĂ©gresse track
2186:Landen MG, Middaugh J, Dannenberg AL (1999).
1317: â Amphibious propeller-driven catamaran
710:Edgar and Allen Hetteen and David Johnson of
90:designed for winter travel and recreation on
8:
1691:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1416:
1414:
1412:
1019:died in 2011 following surgery for a broken
867:, Minnesota, on the first weekend following
806:3-cylinder four-stroke gasoline engine. The
660:. The reason given is: Data is 17 years old.
476:An odd version of snowmobile is the Swedish
1821:(2296). London: Temple Press Ltd: 407, 424.
1605:metes, as well as for recreational intents.
1444:
1442:
1321:List of Canadian inventions and discoveries
1093:Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999
628:A family with snowmobiles at the forest of
1744:"Lame hunter invents swift motorized sled"
1728:"Snowflyers Replace Dogs in Frozen North"
1618:"Soviet Aerosani RF 8 (for 3D Studio Max)"
387:The relatively dry snow conditions of the
2419:
2311:
2263:
2211:
856:is a large racing event held annually in
2902:
2900:
1270:, Canada for a winter picnic in February
1245:, British Columbia, that rely solely on
1236:Snowmobiles are used by reindeer herders
1037:, which can result from the practice of
1011:a contributing factor in many cases. In
893:courses, without the ramps and on water.
612:Snow mobile race in 1979, Dutch newsreel
29:
27:Land vehicle designed for travel on snow
2651:
2649:
1356:
1023:he sustained in a snowmobile accident.
778:Alpina Snowmobiles are manufactured in
461:outriggers either side of the vehicle.
1684:
1140:Most snowmobiles are still powered by
774:Alpina Sherpa, a dual track snowmobile
2357:from the original on 27 December 2013
1673:from the original on 10 November 2017
1161:two-strokes. Polaris has developed a
524:extremely small share of the market.
7:
2915:from the original on 11 October 2012
2474:from the original on 4 December 2013
2470:. Environment Canada. 21 July 2006.
2383:from the original on 13 January 2014
2036:from the original on 17 October 2017
176:strips, or even across water (as in
2291:Stewart RL, Black GB (April 2004).
921:World Championship Snowmobile Derby
620:Arctic snowmobile with heated cabin
1936:from the original on 20 April 2017
25:
2331:from the original on 2016-03-20.
2133:Rose, Brent (November 29, 2017).
2090:. Revelstoke Mountaineer Magazine
2055:Lindeman, Tracy (17 March 2018).
1955:Lindeberg, Rafaela (2023-05-20).
1705:Aberdeen American News 1914-02-04
1544:from the original on 10 July 2011
1394:. AD Boivin. 2003. Archived from
1215:(Canada) noise levels must be 78
1181:Michigan Technological University
2948:10.1097/00005373-197205000-00023
2468:"Vehicle and Engine Regulations"
2280:from the original on 2011-07-04.
1910:from the original on 3 July 2017
915:. The racing is held on an "Ice
740:Bombardier Recreational Products
647:
135:Bombardier Recreational Products
3128:Carl Eliason's snowmobile story
2671:from the original on 2007-10-01
2625:Ăcole de technologie supĂ©rieure
2598:from the original on 2006-11-13
2592:Ăcole polytechnique de MontrĂ©al
2568:from the original on 2007-05-23
1880:from the original on 2007-10-16
1624:from the original on 2009-01-07
1589:"Enjoying A Snowmobile At Full"
1570:from the original on 2009-01-26
1519:from the original on 2017-03-12
1193:Ăcole de technologie supĂ©rieure
1185:Ăcole polytechnique de MontrĂ©al
682:Snowmobiles are widely used in
97:Their engines normally drive a
2717:. 6 March 2003. Archived from
2690:"Ătouffons ce bruit agressant"
1769:Eliason, Carl J.; et al.
506:ski resort is testing Taiga's
1:
3145:How Stuff Works â Snowmobiles
2909:"Transportation in the North"
2657:"Les ravages de la motoneige"
1538:"The Propeller-Driven Sleigh"
1289:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
1144:engines, although Alpina and
327:Development of modern designs
3150:Environmental Impact Studies
2911:. Northern Research Portal.
2564:. Keweenaw research Center.
2562:"Clean Snowmobile Challenge"
2082:Stone, Emily (29 Mar 2018).
1513:www.american-automobiles.com
372:, he sold his patent to the
335:1921 Ford Model T snowmobile
1566:. The Russian Battlefield.
1564:"Soviet Combat Snowmobiles"
1340: â all-terrain-vehicle
1177:Clean Snow Mobile Challenge
127:had re-entered the market.
121:internal combustion engines
3211:
2621:Club Ă©tudiant scientifique
1540:. SelfSite. 26 July 2005.
1364:Smowest Magazines (2002).
500:internal combustion engine
343:Snowmobile running on the
307:In 1915 Ray H. Muscott of
3112:. Monday, March 13, 2006.
2334:greater than 0.08 in 70%.
2161:Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen.
1983:"Polaris Company history"
1422:"Industry Highs and Lows"
1191:engine and students from
1098:Yellowstone National Park
1061:In some jurisdictions, a
953:, long popular in Alaska.
949:. The name refers to dog
911:Snowmobiles are used for
656:This section needs to be
273:, while working for Tsar
56:Yellowstone National Park
36:Yellowstone National Park
3119:Toronto: J. Wiley, 2001.
1104:emissions and noise. In
728:Joseph-Armand Bombardier
411:, to invent a different
401:Joseph-Armand Bombardier
196:Motor sled powered by a
123:and since the mid-2000s
923:is held each winter in
403:from the small town of
3075:10.1353/tech.1999.0152
3063:Technology and Culture
3032:10.1353/tech.1999.0152
3020:Technology and Culture
2986:10.1353/tech.1999.0152
2974:Technology and Culture
2875:10.1353/tech.1999.0152
2863:Technology and Culture
2832:10.1353/tech.1999.0152
2820:Technology and Culture
2793:"Business in Bralorne"
2617:"Motoneige Ă©cologique"
2408:Wilderness Environ Med
2088:Revelstoke Mountaineer
1771:"U.S. Patent #1650334"
1271:
1237:
1203:and direct injection.
1137:
848:
775:
640:
621:
613:
600:
457:
360:
352:
336:
221:
213:
200:
59:
38:
2936:The Journal of Trauma
2767:"Getting to Bralorne"
2588:"Moteur Quasiturbine"
2448:avalanche.state.co.us
1716:U.S. patent 1,188,981
1268:Northwest Territories
1261:
1235:
1131:
846:
773:
738:(now manufactured by
627:
619:
611:
587:A snowmobile used by
586:
451:
444:Post-war developments
389:United States Midwest
358:
342:
334:
275:Nicholas II of Russia
265:designed an original
233:American Motor Sleigh
219:
211:
195:
53:
34:A snowmobile tour at
33:
2741:"All About Bralorne"
2665:Société Radio-Canada
2629:université du Québec
2235:Beirness DJ (2001).
2204:10.1093/phr/114.1.48
1904:whistlerquestion.com
1863:, March 1954, p. 114
1450:"Snowmobiling Facts"
1086:, partly because of
1070:Environmental impact
988:Accidents and safety
734:through his company
3195:Canadian inventions
3115:MacDonald, Larry.
2747:on 15 November 2012
2661:Ămission DĂ©couverte
2506:on October 11, 2009
2244:Can J Public Health
1802:on 6 December 2014.
1750:: 62. December 1928
1620:. Vanishing Point.
1155:catalytic converter
906:Chamber of Commerce
883:snowmobile skipping
349:Hastings, Minnesota
269:system, called the
178:snowmobile skipping
125:four-stroke engines
2721:on 8 February 2006
2256:10.1007/BF03404979
2030:www.trailgroom.com
2012:2007-05-13 at the
1648:2009-05-18 at the
1595:on January 7, 2009
1272:
1262:Snowmobiling near
1238:
1179:is held yearly at
1138:
982:Winter X Games XXI
965:Snow King Mountain
963:, Wyoming, at the
885:races are held in
876:World Championship
858:Sault Sainte Marie
849:
776:
716:Polaris Industries
641:
622:
614:
601:
589:emergency services
504:Whistler Blackcomb
458:
422:Ford Motor Company
361:
353:
337:
267:caterpillar tracks
222:
214:
201:
111:air-cooled engines
66:, also known as a
60:
39:
18:Alpina snowmobiles
2907:Jozic, Jennifer.
2192:Public Health Rep
2139:Popular Mechanics
1861:Popular Mechanics
1837:Popular Mechanics
1730:Popular Mechanics
1490:. 28 January 1905
1372:on 30 August 2006
1113:US Forest Service
1017:Lindsey Durlacher
854:International 500
677:
676:
609:
413:caterpillar track
345:Mississippi River
301:Indian motorcycle
198:CoandÄ ducted fan
88:motorized vehicle
51:
16:(Redirected from
3202:
3185:Sliding vehicles
3175:Tracked vehicles
3095:
3094:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3015:
3006:
3005:
2969:
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2959:
2931:
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2920:
2904:
2895:
2894:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2795:. Archived from
2789:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2769:. Archived from
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2743:. Archived from
2737:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2653:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2631:. Archived from
2613:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2558:
2552:
2546:
2540:
2532:
2526:
2521:
2515:
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2512:
2511:
2505:
2499:. Archived from
2498:
2490:
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2464:
2458:
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2455:
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2440:
2434:
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2183:
2177:
2176:
2163:(in Norwegian).
2156:
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2147:
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2100:
2099:
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2068:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2022:
2016:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1989:on July 18, 2007
1985:. Archived from
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1898:Lalonde, Megan.
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1874:"Larsen Klubben"
1870:
1864:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1798:. Archived from
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1766:
1760:
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1433:
1418:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1368:. Archived from
1361:
1346:
1343:
1148:have been using
1117:Executive Orders
1063:driver's license
672:
669:
663:
651:
650:
643:
610:
591:in ski areas in
363:Carl Eliason of
263:Adolphe KĂ©gresse
226:Brule, Wisconsin
99:continuous track
52:
21:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3190:Inuit transport
3180:Racing vehicles
3160:
3159:
3141:
3136:
3104:
3099:
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3059:
3055:
3017:
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3009:
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2906:
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2898:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2817:
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2812:
2802:
2800:
2799:on 31 July 2012
2791:
2790:
2786:
2776:
2774:
2773:on 29 July 2012
2765:
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2739:
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2024:
2023:
2019:
2014:Wayback Machine
2005:
2001:
1992:
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1976:
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1748:Popular Science
1742:
1741:
1737:
1732:, December 1934
1726:
1722:
1714:
1713:
1709:
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1683:
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1650:Wayback Machine
1644:
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1326:Non-road engine
1305:
1256:
1230:
1228:Economic impact
1209:
1170:
1126:
1103:
1072:
1055:
1047:snowmobile suit
990:
974:
847:Snowmobile race
841:
829:
768:
756:1973 oil crisis
736:Bombardier Inc.
724:
708:
673:
667:
664:
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652:
648:
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581:
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496:
446:
418:flathead engine
329:
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3139:External links
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2151:
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2114:snowdevils.org
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1962:Bloomberg News
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748:outboard motor
723:
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707:
704:
675:
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646:
580:
577:
536:
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520:construction.
495:
492:
482:, made by the
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271:KĂ©gresse track
205:
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26:
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2695:
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2682:
2670:
2666:
2663:(in French).
2662:
2658:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2635:on 2007-09-29
2634:
2630:
2626:
2623:(in French).
2622:
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2590:(in French).
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2007:Alpina s.r.l.
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1815:Motor Cycling
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1456:on 2007-07-01
1455:
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1428:on 2007-01-27
1427:
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1415:
1413:
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1398:on 2008-08-27
1397:
1393:
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1371:
1367:
1366:"Snowmachine"
1360:
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1254:Social impact
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542:turbo-charged
534:
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484:Lenko Company
481:
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317:Ford Model Ts
314:
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245:Igor Sikorsky
241:
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204:Early designs
203:
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101:at the rear.
100:
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2942:(5): 444â6.
2939:
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2797:the original
2787:
2775:. Retrieved
2771:the original
2761:
2749:. Retrieved
2745:the original
2735:
2723:. Retrieved
2719:the original
2709:
2698:. Retrieved
2694:the original
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2673:. Retrieved
2660:
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2633:the original
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2092:. Retrieved
2087:
2077:
2065:. Retrieved
2063:. Vice Media
2060:
2050:
2038:. Retrieved
2029:
2020:
2002:
1991:. Retrieved
1987:the original
1977:
1966:. Retrieved
1960:
1950:
1938:. Retrieved
1924:
1912:. Retrieved
1903:
1893:
1882:. Retrieved
1868:
1860:
1853:
1843:12 September
1841:. Retrieved
1836:
1833:"Snow-Cycle"
1827:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1800:the original
1795:
1786:
1774:. Retrieved
1764:
1752:. Retrieved
1747:
1738:
1729:
1723:
1710:
1701:
1675:. Retrieved
1667:www.ic.gc.ca
1666:
1656:
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1632:
1626:. Retrieved
1612:
1603:
1597:. Retrieved
1593:the original
1583:
1572:. Retrieved
1557:
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1532:
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1512:
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1492:. Retrieved
1487:
1478:
1469:
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1454:the original
1430:. Retrieved
1426:the original
1400:. Retrieved
1396:the original
1386:
1374:. Retrieved
1370:the original
1359:
1297:
1280:dog sledding
1277:
1273:
1239:
1222:
1210:
1189:Quasiturbine
1176:
1174:
1150:four-strokes
1139:
1111:In 2005 the
1110:
1091:
1073:
1060:
1056:
1043:
1032:
1025:
1013:Saskatchewan
1007:alone, with
1002:
998:
994:
991:
979:
975:
927:, Wisconsin.
865:North Branch
832:Taiga Motors
830:
820:
816:
811:
807:
802:
798:
794:
790:
788:
777:
725:
709:
699:
695:
689:
681:
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657:
573:
557:
553:
550:
546:side-hilling
545:
538:
526:
522:
512:
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477:
475:
463:
459:
434:World War II
386:
382:
378:Clintonville
362:
320:
306:
294:
291:
261:
257:World War II
242:
230:
223:
161:
157:
154:snowmobilers
153:
151:
132:
129:
96:
84:snow scooter
83:
79:
76:motor sledge
75:
71:
67:
63:
61:
3170:Snowmobiles
2478:14 November
2306:(2): 90â4.
2144:December 2,
2061:Motherboard
1930:"snowXpark"
1488:archive.org
1392:"Snow Hawk"
1315:Hydrocopter
1284:snowshoeing
1264:Martin Lake
1172:emissions.
1106:Yellowstone
1053:Legislation
1039:highmarking
925:Eagle River
746:makers and
692:the Grizzly
668:August 2020
565:aftermarket
535:Performance
466:arctic area
430:Canada Post
399:. This led
397:New England
374:FWD Company
283:Rolls-Royce
251:during the
107:four-stroke
68:snowmachine
3164:Categories
3102:References
3069:(3): 494.
3026:(3): 489.
2980:(3): 485.
2919:5 November
2803:5 November
2777:5 November
2751:5 November
2700:2007-04-30
2675:2007-05-01
2639:2007-05-01
2602:2007-04-29
2572:2007-05-01
2510:2014-03-03
2453:2019-05-03
2387:13 January
2351:themat.com
2300:Can J Surg
2119:2019-09-28
1993:2007-08-11
1968:2023-05-22
1884:2007-10-08
1628:2008-03-01
1599:2008-03-01
1574:2008-09-10
1548:2008-09-10
1523:2017-03-10
1494:2017-03-10
1460:2007-04-23
1432:2007-04-23
1402:2008-09-05
1332:Snow coach
1159:carbureted
1142:two-stroke
1035:avalanches
913:ice racing
887:Grantsburg
879:Watercross
821:Superclass
812:Superclass
803:Superclass
795:Superclass
744:motorcycle
700:Superclass
529:windshield
456:snowmobile
454:Bombardier
321:Snowflyers
279:half-track
253:Winter War
139:Arctic Cat
115:two-stroke
72:motor sled
64:snowmobile
3110:La Presse
3091:109816285
3048:109816285
3002:109816285
2891:109816285
2848:109816285
2110:"Welcome"
1796:NH Snocar
1005:Minnesota
980:In 2017,
947:Fairbanks
891:motocross
869:Labor Day
726:In 1960,
597:stretcher
518:composite
488:Ăstersund
285:cars and
166:drag race
162:slednecks
80:skimobile
3130:and his
3083:25147357
3040:25147357
2994:25147357
2913:Archived
2883:25147357
2840:25147357
2669:Archived
2596:Archived
2566:Archived
2472:Archived
2430:10560307
2381:Archived
2355:Archived
2326:Archived
2322:15132460
2278:Archived
2274:11702489
2034:Archived
2010:Archived
1940:19 April
1934:Archived
1908:Archived
1878:Archived
1776:21 March
1754:21 March
1687:cite web
1671:Archived
1646:Archived
1622:Archived
1568:Archived
1542:Archived
1517:Archived
1376:25 March
1338:ZIL-2906
1303:See also
1250:hotels.
1243:Bralorne
1217:decibels
1088:lobbying
1028:sleepers
972:Variants
939:Big Lake
935:Iron Dog
898:New York
752:bankrupt
508:electric
426:Chrysler
405:Valcourt
297:Aberdeen
249:Red Army
182:off-road
158:sledders
118:gasoline
2956:5061609
2313:3211931
2265:6979823
2222:9925171
2213:1308343
2173:2333642
1309:Hyanide
1247:tourism
1195:of the
1187:with a
1021:sternum
1009:alcohol
961:Jackson
951:mushing
780:Vicenza
732:Ski-Doo
722:Ski-Doo
706:Polaris
658:updated
638:Finland
634:Kuusamo
593:Vercors
370:Finland
287:Packard
188:History
184:races.
174:asphalt
147:Polaris
137:(BRP),
86:, is a
3132:Patent
3089:
3081:
3046:
3038:
3000:
2992:
2954:
2889:
2881:
2846:
2838:
2444:"CAIC"
2428:
2320:
2310:
2272:
2262:
2220:
2210:
2171:
2094:6 July
2067:6 July
1213:Quebec
1146:Yamaha
1045:and a
931:Alaska
902:Malone
817:Sherpa
808:Sherpa
799:Sherpa
791:Sherpa
766:Alpina
712:Roseau
696:Sherpa
684:arctic
579:Brands
515:Kevlar
494:Design
479:Larven
470:Alaska
452:Early
409:Quebec
393:Quebec
365:Sayner
351:, 1910
313:patent
309:Waters
237:Boston
145:, and
143:Yamaha
3087:S2CID
3079:JSTOR
3044:S2CID
3036:JSTOR
2998:S2CID
2990:JSTOR
2887:S2CID
2879:JSTOR
2844:S2CID
2836:JSTOR
2725:3 May
2627:de l'
2504:(PDF)
2497:(PDF)
2361:3 May
2329:(PDF)
2296:(PDF)
2240:(PDF)
2040:3 May
1914:3 May
1677:3 May
1351:Notes
1207:Noise
1080:noise
839:Sport
784:Italy
569:studs
561:carve
420:from
347:near
170:grass
160:, or
82:, or
2952:PMID
2921:2012
2805:2012
2779:2012
2753:2012
2727:2018
2480:2013
2426:PMID
2389:2014
2363:2018
2318:PMID
2270:PMID
2218:PMID
2169:PMID
2146:2019
2096:2018
2069:2018
2042:2018
1942:2017
1916:2018
1845:2017
1778:2013
1756:2013
1693:link
1679:2018
1378:2009
1291:and
1282:and
1197:UQAM
1136:2017
1082:and
1074:The
943:Nome
933:'s "
917:Oval
874:The
852:The
819:and
810:and
801:and
760:ATVs
698:and
630:Ruka
395:and
255:and
231:The
103:Skis
92:snow
3071:doi
3028:doi
2982:doi
2944:doi
2871:doi
2828:doi
2416:doi
2308:PMC
2260:PMC
2252:doi
2208:PMC
2200:doi
2196:114
2165:110
1201:E85
1134:RIT
1124:Air
945:to
941:to
881:or
702:).
632:in
486:of
468:of
376:of
168:on
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670:)
666:(
599:.
58:.
20:)
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