913:
1043:
1312:
1452:
582:
1402:
1436:
1421:
1134:
1383:
85:
1364:
1252:
1332:
1271:
7803:
6063:
693:
999:
643:." Alta California was not easily accessible from New Spain: land routes were cut off by deserts and Indigenous peoples who were hostile to invasion. Sea routes ran counter to the southerly currents of the distant northwestern Pacific. Ultimately, New Spain did not have the economic resources nor population to settle such a far northern outpost.
928:
residents. The
Franciscans, however, prolonged their control over the missions even after control of Alta California passed from Spain to independent Mexico, and continued to run the missions until they were secularized, beginning in 1833. The transfer of property never occurred under the Franciscans.
931:
As the number of
Spanish settlers grew in Alta California, the boundaries and natural resources of the mission properties became disputed. Conflicts between the Crown and the Church arose over land. State and ecclesiastical bureaucrats debated over authority of the missions. The Franciscan priests of
944:
against the
Spanish settlers in nearby San José. The priests reported that Indians' crops were being damaged by the pueblo settlers' livestock and that the settlers' livestock was also "getting mixed up with the livestock belonging to the Indians from the mission" causing losses. They advocated that
854:
at the colonial missions was often resisted by
Indigenous peoples in Alta California. Many missionaries in the province wrote of their frustrations with teaching Indigenous people to internalize Catholic scripture and practice. Many Indigenous people learned to navigate religious expectations at the
1163:
entered into Alta
California and took possession of the northern port cities of Monterey and San Francisco. The forces of the California Republic, upon encountering the United States Navy and, from them, learning of the state of war between Mexico and the United States, abandoned their independence
822:
As the
Spanish and civilian settlers further intruded into Indigenous lands and imposed their practices, ideas of property, and religion onto them backed by the force of soldiers and settlers, Indigenous peoples formed rebellions on Spanish missions and settlements. A major rebellion at Mission San
1444:
of the
California Republic, June 14, 1846, at Sonoma until July 9, 1846. The California Republic was declared by American citizens who had settled inland (in the valley of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers), and it is thought that the inclusion of one star and one stripe was meant to highlight
989:
of 1819, between the United States and Spain, established the northern limit of Alta
California at latitude 42°N, which remains the boundary between the states of California, Nevada and Utah (to the south) and Oregon and Idaho (to the north) to this day. Mexico won independence in 1821, and Alta
1021:
to the
Viceroyalty of New Spain, Mexico automatically included the provinces of Alta California and Baja California as territories. Alta California declared allegiance to the new Mexican nation and elected a representative to be sent to Mexico City. On November 9, 1822, the first legislature of
3265:
Apart from a tiny minority who gave the clearest evidence of meaningful conversion... Overall, outright rejection and chronic resistance characterized the Indian response. The
Franciscans admitted as much, recording repeatedly the difficulty of convincing adult Indians to accept any aspect of
2964:
Apart from a tiny minority who gave the clearest evidence of meaningful conversion... Overall, outright rejection and chronic resistance characterized the Indian response. The Franciscans admitted as much, recording repeatedly the difficulty of convincing adult Indians to accept any aspect of
927:
By law, mission land and property were to pass to the Indigenous population after a period of about ten years, when the Indigenous people would become Spanish subjects. In the interim period, the Franciscans were to act as mission administrators who held the land in trust for the Indigenous
1087:. Alvarado's actions nearly led to a civil war with loyalist forces based in Los Angeles, but a ceasefire was arranged. After an unsettled period, Alvarado agreed to support the 1839 constitution, and Mexico City appointed him to serve as governor from 1837 to 1842. Other
1164:
and proceeded to assist the United States forces in securing the remainder of Alta California. The California Republic was never recognized by any nation and existed for less than one month, but its flag (the "Bear Flag") survives as the flag of the State of California.
1348:
and, from 1812 to 1821, its colonial administrator. The Russian-American Company only controlled a small portion of the northern coast of California, while the entire territory was diplomatically recognized as territory of Mexico; this situation was terminated when the
953:
In 1804, due to the growth of the Spanish population in new northern settlements, the province of Las Californias was divided just south of San Diego, following mission president Francisco PalĂłu's division between the Dominican and Franciscan jurisdictions. Governor
3366:
Bancroft, H. H. (1970). History of California: Vol. II, 1801â1824, pp.20â21. Santa Barbara Calif.: Wallace Hebberd. (Note: Bancroft translated the names of the two new provinces as "Antigua" and "Nueva", but Richman uses Baja and Alta - as on the 1847 map of
1376:, a French-born pirate who attacked Monterey Bay from November 24 to November 29, 1818, in order to annoy Spain, who ruled Argentina. Bouchard claimed California on behalf of Argentina, but this claim was never recognized, even by the Argentine government.
1054:
Resentment was increasing toward appointed territorial governors sent from Mexico City, who came with little knowledge of local conditions and concerns. Laws were imposed by the central government without much consideration of local conditions, such as the
830:. Runaways from the missions were common, where abuse, malnourishment, and overworking were common features of daily life. Runaways would sometimes find shelter at more distant villages, such as a group of runaways who found refuge at the
3669:
Blomquist, L.R., A Regional Study of the Changes in Life and Institutions in the San Luis Obispo District, 1830â1850 (M.A. thesis, History Department, University of California, Berkeley, 1943). Source consulted by Ryan & Breschini
981:
issued a decree in 1813 for at least partial secularization that affected all missions in America and was to apply to all outposts that had operated for ten years or more; however, the decree was never enforced in California.
841:
The precolonial Indigenous population of California is estimated to have numbered around 340,000 people, who were diverse culturally and linguistically. From 1769-1832, at least 87,787 baptisms and 63,789 deaths of
5718:
2259:, a member of the Territorial Deputation (legislature), noted that Alta California was bounded "on the east, where the Government has not yet established the borderline, by either the Colorado River or the
1125:
mainly settled in and around the established coastal settlements and tended to intermarry with the Californios. In Northern California, they mainly formed new settlements further inland, especially in the
3673:
Breschini, G.S., T. Haversat, and R.P. Hampson, A Cultural Resources Overview of the Coast and Coast-Valley Study Areas (Coyote Press, Salinas, CA, 1983). Source consulted by Ryan & Breschini (2010).
838:, the chief of which refused to give them up. Many children died young at the missions. One missionary reported that 3 of every 4 children born at Mission San Gabriel died before reaching the age of two.
893:
from the livestock were the primary exports of California until the mid-19th century. Similar to the missions, the construction, ranching and domestic work on these vast estates was primarily done by
4958:
3758:
4963:
7887:
7832:
740:, which became the first European settlement in the present state of California. At first contact, the villagers provided food and water for the expedition, who were suffering from
612:
was established that same year. Plans in 1715 by Juan Manuel de OlivĂĄn Rebolledo resulted in a 1716 decree for extension of the conquest (of Baja California) which came to nothing.
7892:
1610:
7897:
7827:
5874:
2137:, fictional former Governor Don Rafael Montero plans to purchase the area from Mexico to set up an independent republic, roughly corresponding to historical Alta California.
7882:
609:
585:
7274:
5869:
1155:
to the United States, American settlers in inland Northern California took up arms, captured the Mexican garrison town of Sonoma, and declared independence there as the
7902:
5710:
3611:
7872:
6290:
2567:
6586:
1104:
1072:). The change, however, had little practical effect in far-off Alta California. The capital of Alta California remained Monterey, as it had been since the 1769
2288:", whose territory was considered separate from New Mexico. The term "the Californias", therefore, refers specifically to the Spanish-held coastal region from
6566:
6305:
6099:
7192:
6596:
1237:
125:
7519:
7513:
6421:
1195:
on January 13, 1847. After twenty-seven years as part of independent Mexico, California was ceded to the United States in 1848 with the signing of the
912:
7877:
6601:
6581:
6481:
5884:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6232:
6227:
6219:
3647:
7660:
6636:
6606:
6561:
6556:
5879:
3909:
3527:
6829:
6804:
6591:
6571:
6551:
6501:
6431:
6426:
6411:
2829:
2354:
became more common than the others, both in private and official communications, though from the date of the separation of the provinces in 1804,
1167:
After the United States Navy's seizure of the cities of southern California, the Californios formed irregular units, which were victorious in the
1429:, for a few months in 1836, when Alvarado's coup declared independence from Mexico (the Declaration of Independence is available on Wikisource).
2438:. Chronicles of California, Volume 419: Management of public lands in the United States. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. pp.
7049:
6661:
6621:
6521:
6496:
6451:
6446:
6338:
5113:
916:
1407:
7745:
6774:
6666:
6651:
6391:
3993:
3408:
3287:
3250:
3159:
2949:
2728:
2647:
2543:
812:
520:
7574:
7124:
6994:
6904:
6809:
6794:
6686:
6656:
6646:
6641:
6631:
6626:
6616:
6611:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6506:
6486:
6476:
6436:
6416:
6401:
6396:
6207:
5322:
4993:
4191:
3843:
3831:
2630:
1322:
1042:
659:
206:
3708:
7014:
6989:
6814:
6511:
6491:
6466:
6441:
6406:
6320:
5317:
5251:
5073:
3813:
2665:
2171:
697:
7471:
4903:
1140:. S. Augustus Mitchell, Philadelphia, 1847. New California is depicted with a northeastern border at the meridian leading north of the
771:
in 1769. Similar to the site of this mission, subsequent missions and presidios were often founded at the site of Indigenous villages.
472:(Seven Laws) constitutional reform, granting it more autonomy. That change was undone in 1846, but rendered moot by the outcome of the
7154:
7114:
6979:
6939:
6929:
6914:
6759:
6734:
6676:
6671:
6526:
6516:
6471:
6461:
6456:
6373:
6343:
5948:
5355:
4201:
3698:
3641:
2847:
2181:
2166:
1777:(Weber estimations (1982:206), although other sources indicated that in 1846 11,500 Californians were of Spaniard or Mexican descent)
1133:
1056:
708:
was the first European land-entry expedition into the area that is now California. The missionaries and soldiers encountered numerous
581:
5216:
4978:
4923:
3903:
3879:
3867:
3861:
3349:
7777:
7704:
7104:
7079:
7034:
7029:
6959:
6819:
6724:
6719:
6197:
6160:
6155:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6120:
5083:
3732:
3664:
3576:
3480:
3428:
3198:
3031:
2506:
1121:
In the final decades of Mexican rule, American and European immigrants arrived and settled in the former Alta California. Those in
7867:
7857:
7852:
7580:
7094:
7069:
7054:
7019:
6974:
6964:
6924:
6894:
6884:
6879:
6844:
6839:
6824:
6749:
6744:
6348:
6315:
6192:
6128:
6092:
5468:
5058:
4953:
4883:
4828:
4196:
3945:
3376:
894:
843:
709:
516:
20:
3785:
2252:
7185:
7144:
7109:
7089:
7064:
7039:
6949:
6944:
6889:
6869:
6849:
6799:
6754:
6704:
4579:
4206:
4163:
1311:
1264:
in 1542, upon entering the bay of San Diego, and by the PortolĂĄ expedition that founded the colony of Alta California in 1769.
772:
1217:
967:
322:
297:
144:
7159:
7149:
7129:
7044:
6984:
6969:
6934:
6919:
6909:
6874:
6859:
6834:
6789:
6779:
6764:
6739:
6729:
6383:
6300:
6295:
6277:
5156:
5108:
5078:
4913:
4416:
4186:
4148:
4143:
3737:
2479:
2447:
2176:
2148:
920:
847:
683:
5008:
4908:
3855:
3496:
933:
752:
3140:"The Native California Commons: Ethnographic and Archaeological Perspectives on Land Control, Resource Use, and Management"
1062:
In 1836, Mexico repealed the 1824 federalist constitution and adopted a more centralist political organization (under the "
7304:
7139:
7134:
7099:
7074:
7059:
7024:
7004:
6954:
6899:
6864:
6854:
6784:
6769:
6714:
6330:
5864:
5856:
5098:
5003:
4125:
4028:
3849:
2434:
Land in California: The Story of Mission Lands, Ranchos, Squatters, Mining Claims, Railroad Grants, Land Scrip, Homesteads
1027:
315:
7119:
7084:
6999:
6353:
5837:
5128:
3680:
3676:
5256:
1223:
7842:
7610:
7009:
6085:
5093:
5088:
5068:
4687:
2007:
1451:
1196:
1031:
1014:
800:
492:
481:
410:
398:
302:
219:
7586:
5013:
4863:
4823:
4709:
2595:
Kino's historical memoir of PimerĂa Alta: A contemporary account of the beginnings of California, Sonora, and Arizona
7806:
7316:
7310:
7178:
5999:
5226:
5103:
4983:
4948:
4893:
4888:
4469:
3222:
2977:
Hackel, S. W. (2003-10-01). "Sources of Rebellion: Indian Testimony and the Mission San Gabriel Uprising of 1785".
2571:
1261:
1180:
871:. Nine ranchos were subsequently established before 1800. Spanish, and later Mexican, governments rewarded retired
851:
539:
3957:
3551:
7592:
7416:
7256:
6009:
5291:
5211:
5181:
5118:
5018:
4564:
4229:
4221:
4181:
3975:
2110:
2036:
1896:
1341:
1184:
671:
640:
455:
392:
6170:
4968:
4431:
1116:
986:
897:, who learned to speak Spanish and ride horses. Under Spanish and Mexican rule, the ranchos prospered and grew.
473:
7837:
7398:
7298:
6709:
6576:
4702:
4634:
4158:
4153:
3776:
3761:
3612:"California as I Saw It: First-Person Narratives of California's Early Years, 1849 to 1900. Other Californians"
2878:
The Acjachemen of San Juan Capistrano: The History, Language and Politics of an Indigenous California Community
2289:
1337:
1144:
49:
5296:
5161:
4938:
4898:
4873:
4818:
4569:
3193:. Robert J. Snow, David Crawford, George Grayson Wagstaff. Hillsdale, NY: Pendragon Press. 2002. p. 129.
1230:
784:
172:
158:
7459:
7441:
6285:
5206:
5201:
4594:
4574:
3885:
3806:
1951:
1740:(mostly being of Spanish origin and another 500 being foreigners; Faxon D. Atherton estimations (1982:206))
1092:
1084:
613:
485:
186:
1401:
7862:
7769:
7672:
7286:
6694:
6187:
5281:
5151:
5028:
5023:
4744:
4624:
4609:
4464:
4421:
4101:
4063:
3897:
2317:
1445:
their American origins. The Republic's existence was never officially recognized by any other government.
1435:
1392:
1080:
1023:
796:
559:
6024:
5241:
3524:
2382:
7616:
7550:
7465:
6310:
6237:
6108:
5994:
5900:
5312:
4672:
4639:
4584:
4386:
4360:
4234:
4086:
1924:
1460:
1345:
1176:
729:
687:
621:
555:
65:
5171:
4943:
4853:
4514:
4319:
1026:
in 1824, Alta California, like many northern territories, was not recognized as one of the constituent
705:
576:
3725:
A Time of Little Choice: The Disintegration of Tribal Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area 1769â1910.
1420:
7716:
7710:
7686:
7634:
7507:
7429:
7292:
7262:
7212:
6699:
6202:
5412:
5286:
5261:
5166:
5033:
4928:
4858:
4808:
4589:
4426:
4091:
2260:
2124:
1494:
The data in this table includes California, Nevada, Utah and parts of Arizona, Colorado and Wyoming.
1388:
1276:
1200:
1168:
1018:
764:
651:
636:
551:
500:
414:
242:
96:
59:
855:
missions with complex social behaviors in order to maintain their cultural and religious practices.
84:
7761:
7622:
7489:
7362:
7322:
7222:
6182:
6148:
4554:
4534:
4396:
4211:
4096:
4053:
4043:
3891:
3616:
3138:
Jones, Terry L.; Codding, Brian F. (June 22, 2019), Lozny, Ludomir R.; McGovern, Thomas H. (eds.),
1156:
1122:
1100:
725:
655:
530:
Evidence of Alta California remains in the numerous Spanish place names of American cities such as
31:
4848:
3387:
1076:
first established a military/civil government, and the local political structures were unchanged.
7847:
7785:
7698:
7666:
7268:
7250:
6066:
6044:
5905:
5791:
5271:
4973:
4813:
4619:
4391:
4048:
4038:
3799:
3716:
3681:
Finding Aid to the Documents relating to Missions of the Californias : typescript, 1768â1802
3216:
3165:
3120:
3112:
3002:
2920:
2561:
2402:
1441:
1426:
1373:
1192:
1172:
1160:
1073:
663:
5236:
4289:
4254:
3969:
1130:, and these immigrants focused on fur-trapping and farming and kept apart from the Californios.
1013:
gained independence from Spain on August 24, 1821, upon conclusion of the decade-long
7753:
7495:
7380:
7232:
7201:
6039:
5589:
5549:
5332:
5231:
5123:
4998:
4868:
4739:
4654:
4644:
4629:
4411:
4365:
4173:
4071:
4033:
3752:
3728:
3694:
3660:
3572:
3476:
3470:
3424:
3404:
3283:
3256:
3246:
3204:
3194:
3155:
3037:
3027:
2994:
2955:
2945:
2912:
2724:
2685:
2643:
2626:
2549:
2539:
2502:
2475:
2443:
2133:
1188:
1127:
1103:, was driven out after another rebellion in 1845. Micheltorena was replaced by PĂo Pico, last
760:
745:
3597:
3566:
2718:
2622:
2439:
2383:"Mission, presidio and pueblo: Notes on California local institutions under Spain and Mexico"
2276:
Chapman points out that the term "Arizona" was not used in this period. Arizona south of the
627:
Don Fernando SĂĄnchez Salvador researched the earlier proposals and suggested the area of the
7525:
7501:
7435:
7410:
7368:
7227:
6165:
5915:
5743:
5642:
5417:
5246:
5186:
5176:
4918:
4878:
4544:
4406:
4401:
4264:
4107:
4081:
3951:
3684:
3147:
3104:
2986:
2904:
2663:
Plans for the Occupation of Upper California: A New Look at the "Dark Age" from 1602 to 1769
2662:
2394:
1980:
1382:
873:
864:
3598:"National Historic Trail Feasibility Study and Environmental Assessment: Old Spanish Trail"
3146:, Studies in Human Ecology and Adaptation, vol. 11, Springer, Cham, pp. 255â280,
2855:
1251:
7722:
7562:
7404:
7374:
7280:
7237:
7217:
5842:
5667:
5476:
5422:
5047:
4988:
4775:
4677:
4614:
4539:
4509:
4355:
4324:
4239:
3780:
3531:
3441:
2669:
1363:
1204:
1047:
959:
955:
937:
721:
667:
635:
as the locale for forts or presidios preventing the French or the English from "occupying
477:
2281:
601:
835:
7680:
7654:
7350:
5943:
5910:
5821:
5816:
5700:
5526:
5486:
5427:
5392:
5382:
5276:
5266:
5196:
5191:
5146:
4933:
4599:
4524:
4135:
4020:
3963:
3939:
3056:
2520:
The Founding of Spanish California: The Northwestward Expansion of New Spain, 1687â1783
1816:
1504:
1331:
1257:
868:
824:
632:
589:
524:
508:
7821:
7604:
7356:
7337:
6004:
5781:
5690:
5637:
5584:
5516:
4734:
4729:
4719:
4479:
3981:
3927:
3169:
3124:
3006:
2615:
2432:
2101:
1286:
963:
941:
816:
751:
The first Alta California mission was founded that same year adjacent to the village
547:
340:
2200:
Almost the entire Spanish and mixed-race population lived in present-day California.
1159:. At the same time, the United States and Mexico had gone to war, and forces of the
7628:
7483:
7477:
6034:
6014:
5978:
5936:
5811:
5685:
5647:
5622:
5604:
5541:
5458:
5402:
5377:
5327:
5221:
4840:
3873:
3704:
2256:
692:
597:
461:
4274:
3600:. University of Minnesota. Government Publications Library. July 2001. p. 40.
1472:
945:
the Indigenous people be allowed to own property and have the right to defend it.
3500:
3151:
3075:
2830:"El Aliso: Ancient Sycamore Was Silent Witness to Four Centuries of L.A. History"
2812:
7598:
7568:
7453:
7447:
7386:
6177:
6019:
5652:
5594:
4519:
4494:
4345:
4279:
4259:
3987:
2610:
2153:
1844:
1411:
1354:
1302:
1294:
1281:
1096:
1063:
756:
737:
639:
and invading the neighboring coasts of California which are at the mouth of the
531:
496:
468:
3139:
7692:
7648:
5796:
5627:
5617:
5506:
5496:
5432:
4713:
4696:
4489:
4370:
4350:
4269:
3933:
3377:
See "RepĂșblica Centralista (MĂ©xico)" in the Spanish version of Knowledge (XXG)
3260:
2990:
2959:
2553:
2277:
2144:
2141:
2119:
1318:
1298:
1290:
1270:
1141:
906:
804:
780:
717:
628:
535:
427:
350:
111:
27:
2998:
2916:
2584:
See Bonialian, op. cit, p. 277; or in English book review by Duggan, op. cit.
1183:. But the Californios were defeated in subsequent encounters, the battles of
1083:
led a revolt against the 1836 constitution, seizing control of Monterey from
1066:") that reunited Alta and Baja California in a single California Department (
7556:
5768:
5723:
5574:
4604:
4529:
4284:
4249:
3822:
3208:
3041:
2748:
2105:
1369:
978:
827:
808:
768:
543:
515:. Spanish soldiers, settlers, and missionaries invaded the homelands of the
388:
5491:
3240:
2939:
2690:, Paul W. Mapp, Omohundro Institute of Early American History & Culture
2533:
1046:
Mexican departments created in 1836 (shown after 1845 Texas independence).
3472:
California Hispana: Descubrimiento, ColonizaciĂłn Y AnexiĂłn Por Los Estados
3108:
2676:, San Diego Historical Society Quarterly, Winter 1978, Volume 24, Number 1
658:
and push Spanish settlement further north. In subsequent decades, news of
7392:
6029:
5748:
5733:
5680:
5564:
5501:
5481:
4759:
4559:
4504:
4294:
3188:
3021:
1869:
733:
447:
355:
55:
45:
19:
This article is about a historical political entity. For other uses, see
6077:
3791:
2924:
2892:
2406:
2324:
without any uniformity of usage, the upper country began to be known as
1395:(October 1822, probable time new flag raised in California) until 1823.
1325:
until 1821, when New Spain gained independence from the Spanish Empire.
1191:. The southern Californios formally surrendered with the signing of the
998:
5968:
5958:
5953:
5786:
5776:
5758:
5753:
5695:
5632:
5579:
5453:
5397:
4754:
4681:
4549:
4499:
4340:
4309:
4244:
3769:
3657:
Lands of Promise and Despair: Chronicles of Early California, 1535â1846
3116:
3092:
831:
792:
624:
planned settlements in 1744, although these plans did not take action.
605:
512:
504:
443:
439:
370:
345:
106:
3442:"United States state-level population estimates: Colonization to 1999"
674:
alarmed the Spanish government and served to justify GĂĄlvez's vision.
5738:
5728:
5612:
5569:
5554:
5531:
5521:
5448:
5387:
5372:
4484:
4474:
4314:
4304:
4299:
3742:, by Eugene Leslie Smyth, Chicago: Alexander Belford & Co., 1899.
2908:
2398:
1350:
1010:
890:
882:
788:
776:
741:
713:
646:
Spanish interest in colonizing Alta California was revived under the
617:
431:
360:
69:
7170:
3774:
University of California, Berkeley, Earth Sciences & Map Library
2770:
2538:. Kathleen L. Hull, John G. Douglass. Tucson. 2018. pp. 12â18.
654:
as part of his plans to completely reorganize the governance of the
476:
in 1848, when most of the areas formerly comprising Alta California
3525:"Consideraciones sobre la población de la Nueva España (1793-1810)"
3023:
A Native American encyclopedia : history, culture, and peoples
2497:(Berkeley, Friends of the Bancroft Library, 1951), 3. Reprinted in
2128:, was an edited collection of letters written for this publication.
5973:
5963:
5931:
5806:
5801:
5675:
5657:
5511:
5407:
4723:
3552:"Resource 6-1a: California Population by Ethnic Groups, 1790-1880"
1620:(by the late 1780s there were 1,137 Spaniards in Alta California)
1152:
1132:
1041:
997:
911:
886:
691:
588:
was the first mission established in the Californias (present-day
580:
3652:, Souvenir Publishing Company, San Francisco, Los Angeles, 1890s.
3077:
Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology, Volumes 25-26
1107:, who served until 1846 when the U.S. military occupation began.
5559:
4749:
4649:
3773:
3026:. Barry Pritzker. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 114.
2285:
795:
Catholics, including at least ten of the recently re-discovered
435:
365:
7539:
Non-British colonial entities in the contemporary United States
7174:
6081:
3795:
3144:
Global Perspectives on Long Term Community Resource Management
1760:(in 1836, 29,000 people lived in Alta California according to
1616:
958:
is credited with defining the border between Alta (upper) and
936:
sent a petition to the governor in 1782 which stated that the
1480:. Sacramento: State of California, Military Department. 2002.
3338:
Milliken, 1995, page 73, quoting Murguia and Pena 1955:400.
3064:. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly. p. 8.
3245:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 344â345.
2944:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 344â345.
3592:
3590:
3588:
3190:
Encomium musicae : essays in memory of Robert J. Snow
2811:
Peet, Stephen Denison (1881â82). Gatschet, Alb. S. (ed.).
970:, who would become the first governor of Alta California.
2597:. Cleveland: The Arthur H. Clark Company, pages 215â216.
1079:
The friction came to a head in 1836, when Monterey-born
966:, while the division became the political reality under
387:('New California') among other names, was a province of
990:
California became a territory of Mexico the next year.
2687:
The elusive West and the contest for empire, 1713â1763
4964:
Francisco HernĂĄndez de CĂłrdoba (founder of Nicaragua)
4959:
Francisco HernĂĄndez de CĂłrdoba (YucatĂĄn conquistador)
1059:, causing friction between governors and the people.
791:. The first settlers of Los Angeles were African and
7336:
Other British colonial entities in the contemporary
3546:
3544:
3520:
3518:
2100:
In the second half of the 19th century, there was a
1022:
California was created. With the establishment of a
6685:
6382:
6366:
6329:
6276:
6218:
6119:
5987:
5924:
5893:
5855:
5830:
5767:
5709:
5666:
5603:
5540:
5467:
5441:
5365:
5354:
5345:
5305:
5137:
5057:
5046:
4837:
4799:
4788:
4768:
4663:
4457:
4444:
4379:
4333:
4220:
4172:
4134:
4118:
4062:
4019:
4006:
3918:
3830:
3093:"Surviving Urbanization: The Gabrieleno, 1850â1928"
2495:
A Description of California in 1828 by José Bandini
940:owned both the land and cattle and represented the
919:, established in 1770, was the headquarters of the
863:In 1784, the Spanish established the first rancho,
712:, who became the primary subjects of the expanding
336:
252:
239:
229:
216:
202:
180:
166:
152:
138:
124:
117:
105:
92:
39:
2747:Ryan, Mary Ellen & Breschini, Gary S. (2010).
2742:
2740:
2723:. University of Washington Press. pp. 59â60.
2614:
2474:. San Diego, CA: Thunder Bay Press. pp. 18f.
2431:
403:, but was made a separate province in 1804 (named
3677:California Mission Sketches by Henry Miller, 1856
2880:. University of California, Davis. pp. 3, 8.
2751:. Salinas, CA: Monterey County Historical Society
1490:Population statistics of Alta California Province
1260:, may have been flown by the Portuguese explorer
426:The territory included all of the U.S. states of
1151:In 1846, following reports of the annexation of
7520:Colony of British Columbia and Vancouver Island
3440:Coulson, David P.; Joyce, Linda (August 2003).
2535:Forging communities in colonial Alta California
507:. To the southeast, beyond the deserts and the
495:trail established by the Spanish extended from
3464:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3454:
604:from 1687 until his death in 1711. In 1697, a
484:. In 1850, California joined the union as the
395:, it had previously comprised the province of
7888:States and territories disestablished in 1846
7833:States and territories disestablished in 1836
7186:
6093:
3807:
2814:The American Antiquarian and Oriental Journal
2361:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2237:
2231:
2225:
1067:
700:(outline of the present state of California).
608:expansion into California was funded and the
459:
418:
404:
396:
391:formally established in 1804. Along with the
8:
7893:Former territorial entities in North America
3649:Album of Views of the Missions of California
3568:Los españoles en América: Spanish In America
3497:"New Spain (Mexico), 1790 Statistics Charts"
2593:Kino, E. F., & In Bolton, H. E. (1919).
2425:
2423:
2376:
2374:
1034:refers to Alta California as a "territory".
666:in Alaska, and the 1768 naval expedition of
3727:Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press Publication.
2749:"Secularization and the Ranchos, 1826â1846"
2242:('Upper California') were unofficial names.
1238:List of governors of California before 1850
7898:Spanish-speaking countries and territories
7828:States and territories established in 1804
7193:
7179:
7171:
6116:
6100:
6086:
6078:
5719:Indigenous people during De Soto's travels
5362:
5351:
5054:
4796:
4454:
4016:
3836:
3814:
3800:
3792:
3753:Worldstatesmen.org: Provinces of New Spain
3390:Wandering Lizard. Consulted on 2008-08-07.
2566:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2311:
2309:
1808:
1496:
1474:Flags over California, A History and Guide
1357:, and subsequently left the area in 1842.
720:missions that were already established in
83:
36:
26:Not to be confused with the U.S. state of
7883:1846 disestablishments in Alta California
3788:. CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE
3770:Mexican Land Grants of Santa Clara County
3055:Sutton, Mark Q.; Earle, David D. (2017).
2642:(9th ed.). McGraw Hill. p. 29.
2522:. New York: Octagon Books. pp. xiii.
2152:provided a glimpse into the lives of the
1537:(first foundation in Spanish California)
610:Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó
586:Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó
527:in the establishment of Alta California.
3910:Spain and the American Revolutionary War
3423:. (New York: Modern Library, 2005), 25.
1391:, August 24, 1821, Mexico under Emperor
1246:
7903:Western (genre) staples and terminology
3786:POPULATION IN ALTA CALIFORNIA:1790-1830
3388:"Biographical Notes: Sir Francis Drake"
2387:California Historical Society Quarterly
2305:
2218:
2193:
728:. The expedition first established the
116:
104:
91:
16:Former province of New Spain and Mexico
7873:1804 establishments in Alta California
5114:Spanish missions in the Sonoran Desert
3234:
3232:
3214:
3058:The Desert Serrano of the Mojave River
2559:
917:Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo
905:(townspeople) evolved into the unique
7746:Discourse Concerning Western Planting
3994:Spanish American wars of independence
2893:"The Indians of Mission San Fernando"
2638:Rawls, James J.; Walton Bean (2008).
2621:. New York: Modern Library. pp.
2605:
2603:
1470:For even more Californian flags see:
1243:Flags that have flown over California
1099:. The last non-Californian governor,
1038:Secularization of the missions (1833)
1030:because of its small population. The
503:, and California, as well as east to
269:
265:
251:
238:
228:
215:
211:
179:
165:
151:
137:
133:
123:
7:
7575:Captaincy General of the Philippines
5323:California mission clash of cultures
4994:Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra
3844:Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
3693:San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books.
3538:, Mexico, Retrieved on 24 July 2017.
2284:. North of the Gila River were the "
1323:Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra
850:at the missions in Alta California.
383:('Upper California'), also known as
5074:Spanish missions in Baja California
3691:Monterey, The Presence of the Past.
2799:California: An Interpretive History
2705:California: An Interpretive History
2640:California: An Interpretive History
2322:. The History company. p. 68.
2172:Territorial evolution of California
1410:, 1823, until January 13, 1847, at
698:Spanish missions in Alta California
3642:Bibliography of California history
3499:. 24 December 2013. Archived from
3403:. (Lonely Planet, 2004), 233â234.
3356:. San Francisco: Philopolis Press.
3091:Singleton, Heather Valdez (2004).
2817:. Jameson & Morse. p. 73.
2381:Williams, Mary Floyd (July 1922).
2182:Bibliography of California history
2167:History of California through 1899
1057:Mexican secularization act of 1833
571:Plans for colonization (1697â1769)
14:
7778:Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
7259:(1629â1641; 1679â1686; 1689â1776)
6149:Genocide of indigenous population
5084:Spanish missions in the Carolinas
3571:. Rourke Publishing. p. 33.
3399:Sterling, Richard and Tom Downs.
3278:Robinson, William Wilcox (1979).
3242:A history of Christian conversion
3080:. Malki Museum. 2005. p. 19.
2941:A history of Christian conversion
2828:Masters, Nathan (June 27, 2012).
2518:Chapman, Charles Edward (1973) .
2430:Robinson, William Wilcox (1979).
2122:'s first widely successful book,
1824:Mestizo, Castizo and other castes
1512:Mestizo, Castizo and other castes
877:with large land grants, known as
7878:1804 establishments in New Spain
7802:
7801:
7581:Captaincy General of Puerto Rico
6193:Interim government of California
6062:
6061:
3946:Philippine revolts against Spain
3320:Milliken, 1995, page 2 footnote.
2674:The Journal of San Diego History
1450:
1434:
1419:
1400:
1381:
1362:
1330:
1310:
1269:
1250:
1199:. The United States paid Mexico
1111:MexicanâAmerican War (1846â1848)
678:Spanish colonization (1769â1821)
517:Indigenous peoples of California
320:
295:
21:Alta California (disambiguation)
3350:"California under Spanish Rule"
1692:(19,000 of whom were baptised)
1229:15 August 1815 â 11 April 1822
1171:, and after the arrival of the
1069:Departamento de las Californias
823:Gabriel in 1785 was led by the
190:(Last Alta California governor)
5157:Toribio de Benavente Motolinia
5109:Spanish missions in New Mexico
5079:Spanish missions in California
4914:Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva
4417:Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)
4149:Captaincy General of Guatemala
2876:Woodward, Lisa Louise (2007).
2501:(New York, Arno Press, 1976).
2360:became the legal name, as did
2316:Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1884).
2177:Landing of the first Filipinos
2149:Donald Duck in Old California!
1408:United Mexican States military
1222:25 July 1814 â 15 August 1815
1105:Mexican governor of California
1091:governors followed, including
994:Independent Mexico (1821â1846)
710:Indigenous peoples of the area
684:Spanish missions in California
513:Spanish settlements in Arizona
482:the treaty which ended the war
417:in April 1822 and was renamed
1:
7420:
5252:José Francisco de Paula Señan
5099:Spanish missions in Louisiana
4884:Francisco VĂĄzquez de Coronado
4126:List of viceroys of New Spain
3880:Anglo-Spanish War (1654â1660)
3868:Anglo-Spanish War (1625â1630)
3862:Anglo-Spanish War (1585â1604)
3850:Spanish conquest of Guatemala
3348:Field, Maria Antonia (1914).
2897:Southern California Quarterly
1457:United States, July 9, 1846;
316:Department of the Californias
7526:Province of British Columbia
5838:Taiwanese indigenous peoples
5217:Carlos de SigĂŒenza y GĂłngora
5129:Spanish missions in Trinidad
5124:Spanish missions in Virginia
3921:peoples during colonial rule
3152:10.1007/978-3-030-15800-2_12
2854:. 2016-12-02. Archived from
1317:October 1775, the Sonora at
867:, as a 48,000 acre site for
773:Mission San Gabriel ArcĂĄngel
616:proposed an expedition from
5542:Oasisamerica (Southwest US)
5094:Spanish missions in Georgia
5089:Spanish missions in Florida
5069:Spanish missions in Arizona
5009:José de Bustamante y Guerra
4575:Yerba Buena (San Francisco)
3856:Spanish conquest of YucatĂĄn
3709:"Art of the Missions (110)"
2717:Haycox, Stephen W. (2002).
2251:José Bandini, in a note to
1485:Historic population figures
1305:(exact location disputed).
1279:, June 1579, voyage of the
1277:St. George Cross of England
1197:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
1032:1824 Constitution of Mexico
1015:Mexican War of Independence
949:Province of Alta California
934:Mission Santa Clara de AsĂs
801:Mission San Juan Capistrano
753:Mission San Diego de AlcalĂĄ
413:, it became a territory of
411:Mexican War of Independence
303:Province of the Californias
7921:
7705:Brandenburger Saint Thomas
7514:Colony of British Columbia
5318:Suppression of the Jesuits
5227:Francisco Javier Clavijero
5104:Spanish missions in Mexico
5004:Ignacio de Arteaga y BazĂĄn
4954:Diego Velåzquez de Cuéllar
4904:Ălvar NĂșñez Cabeza de Vaca
4829:Diego Velåzquez de Cuéllar
4076:also reigned after Louis I
3739:The Missions of California
3723:Milliken, Randall (1995).
3659:. Berkeley: Heyday Books.
3655:Beebe, Rose Marie (2001).
3639:
3329:Milliken, 1995, page 72â73
2771:"Kosa'aay (Cosoy) History"
2720:Alaska: An American Colony
2472:The Missions of California
1839:Inhabitants per Sq.League
1764:of Mexico City (1836:180)
1527:Inhabitants per Sq.League
1353:sold Fort Ross in 1841 to
1236:For Mexican governors see
1181:Battle of DomĂnguez Rancho
1114:
921:Californian mission system
852:Conversion to Christianity
681:
574:
25:
18:
7797:
7741:
7732:
7675:, 1682â1763 and 1801â1803
7593:Captaincy General of Cuba
7546:
7535:
7417:New England Confederation
7346:
7332:
7246:
7208:
6115:
6057:
6010:Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
5292:Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
5212:Juan de Palafox y Mendoza
5119:Spanish missions in Texas
5019:Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa
4979:Juan José Pérez Hernåndez
4924:Juan José Pérez Hernåndez
3919:Conflicts with indigenous
3839:
3401:San Francisco: City Guide
2991:10.1215/00141801-50-4-643
2891:Johnson, John R. (1997).
2797:, 35-36. Rawls and Bean,
2703:, 31-32. Rawls and Bean,
2230:('Northern California'),
2111:The Daily Alta California
1342:Ivan Alexandrovich Kuskov
1218:JosĂ© JoaquĂn de Arrillaga
968:JosĂ© JoaquĂn de Arrillaga
521:people of the Great Basin
397:
393:Baja California peninsula
274:
270:
266:
262:
212:
198:
194:
145:JosĂ© JoaquĂn de Arrillaga
134:
82:
77:
44:
7587:Santa Fe de Nuevo MĂ©xico
7399:Massachusetts Bay Colony
4909:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
4864:Bernal DĂaz del Castillo
4710:Santa Fe de Nuevo MĂ©xico
3311:Fink, 1972, pages 63â64.
3239:Kling, David W. (2020).
3020:Pritzker, Barry (2000).
2938:Kling, David W. (2020).
2327:California Septentrional
2236:('North California') or
2227:California Septentrional
1370:On a ship from Argentina
1338:Russian-American Company
859:Establishment of ranchos
846:occurred, demonstrating
176:(First Mexican governor)
148:(First Spanish governor)
50:Viceroyalty of New Spain
7868:1804 in Alta California
7858:Former states of Mexico
7853:Former Spanish colonies
7717:Scottish Darien Company
7661:Hospitaller Saint Croix
7460:Dominion of New England
7442:North-Western Territory
6109:History of California
6000:Juan RodrĂguez Cabrillo
4984:Dionisio AlcalĂĄ Galiano
4949:Ruy LĂłpez de Villalobos
4894:Miguel LĂłpez de Legazpi
4889:Juan RodrĂguez Cabrillo
3886:Piracy in the Caribbean
3565:Linda Thompson (2006).
3554:. Museum of California.
3469:Matt A. Casado (2017).
3354:Chimes of Mission Bells
2280:was referred to as the
1262:Juan RodrĂguez Cabrillo
1093:Carlos Antonio Carrillo
960:Baja (lower) California
162:(Last Spanish governor)
7770:Of Plymouth Plantation
7492:(1779â1783; 1814â1815)
7401:(1629â1686; 1689â1691)
7377:(1620â1686; 1689â1691)
7289:(1664â1673; 1702â1776)
6188:Conquest of California
5875:Colonial Baroque style
5865:Spanish Colonial style
5711:Southeastern Woodlands
5182:Bartolomé de las Casas
5029:Alexander von Humboldt
4422:Treaty of Paris (1783)
4102:Ferdinand VII of Spain
3689:Fink, Augusta (1972).
3221:: CS1 maint: others (
2362:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2292:to an undefined north.
2238:
2232:
2226:
1503:Pop Spaniards/Mexican/
1148:
1081:Juan Bautista Alvarado
1068:
1051:
1007:
924:
901:(cattle ranchers) and
848:the immense death rate
701:
614:Juan Bautista de Anssa
593:
460:
419:
405:
254:âą Disestablished
7551:Columbian Viceroyalty
6349:Santa Catalina Island
6321:Territorial evolution
5995:Juan Bautista de Anza
5313:Our Lady of Guadalupe
5162:Bernardino de SahagĂșn
4824:Vasco NĂșñez de Balboa
4819:Juan SebastiĂĄn Elcano
4387:Treaty of Tordesillas
4361:Corregidor (position)
4119:Viceroys of New Spain
3958:SpanishâMoro conflict
3719:Huell Howser Archive.
3421:California: A History
3109:10.1353/wic.2004.0026
2852:COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES
2795:California: A History
2701:California: A History
2617:California: A History
2570:) CS1 maint: others (
2319:History of California
1805:Regions (1850 census)
1461:History of California
1231:Pablo Vicente de SolĂĄ
1177:Battle of San Pasqual
1136:
1045:
1024:republican government
1002:Mexico in 1838. From
1001:
923:from 1797 until 1833.
915:
881:, for the raising of
785:Pueblo de Los Ăngeles
730:Presidio of San Diego
695:
688:Ranchos of California
682:Further information:
622:Council of the Indies
584:
173:Luis Antonio ArgĂŒello
159:Pablo Vicente de SolĂĄ
7687:Dutch Virgin Islands
7635:Spanish West Florida
7629:Spanish East Florida
7508:Stickeen Territories
7213:New England Colonies
6171:MexicanâAmerican War
6156:Spanish colonization
5287:Manuel Abad y Queipo
5202:GerĂłnimo de Mendieta
5140:priests, and bishops
4809:Christopher Columbus
3707:(December 8, 2000).
3536:El Colegio de Mexico
3302:Beebe, 2001, page 71
2470:Yenne, Bill (2004).
2333:California del Norte
2233:California del Norte
2125:The Innocents Abroad
2116:The Alta Californian
1389:First Mexican Empire
1216:1804 â 25 July 1814
1169:Siege of Los Angeles
1117:MexicanâAmerican War
1050:at far left in gray.
813:Mission San Fernando
664:maritime fur trading
660:Russian colonization
474:MexicanâAmerican War
450:. The territory was
207:Spanish colonial era
60:First Mexican Empire
7623:Provincias Internas
7599:Spanish Saint Croix
7223:Chesapeake Colonies
6374:San Fernando Valley
6344:San Fernando Valley
6183:California Republic
5282:Francisco MarroquĂn
5152:GerĂłnimo de Aguilar
5024:Antonio Gil Y'Barbo
4969:Gil GonzĂĄlez DĂĄvila
4745:New Kingdom of LeĂłn
4397:Peace of Westphalia
4212:Provincias Internas
4106:also reigned after
3898:War of Jenkins' Ear
3713:California Missions
3617:Library of Congress
3503:on 24 December 2013
3447:. USDA. p. 33.
2345:California Superior
2239:California Superior
1393:AgustĂn de Iturbide
1224:JosĂ© DarĂo ArgĂŒello
1157:California Republic
1123:Southern California
1101:Manuel Micheltorena
803:was founded at the
775:was founded at the
732:at the site of the
726:Baja California Sur
466:) in Mexico's 1836
231:âą Established
32:Northern California
7843:Mexican California
7786:Quintipartite Deed
7699:Danish West Indies
7667:French Saint Croix
6198:United States rule
6144:Later explorations
6139:First explorations
6129:Native Californian
6045:Hasekura Tsunenaga
5925:People and classes
5906:Columbian exchange
5792:Peoples of Palawan
5297:JosĂ© MarĂa Morelos
5272:Francisco de Ayeta
5207:Juan de Torquemada
5172:Alonso de MontĂșfar
5014:JosĂ© MarĂa NarvĂĄez
4974:Francisco de Ulloa
4944:Andrés de Urdaneta
4939:Cristóbal de Oñate
4899:Ăngel de Villafañe
4874:PĂĄnfilo de NarvĂĄez
4854:Juan Ponce de LeĂłn
4814:Ferdinand Magellan
4392:Treaty of Zaragoza
4174:Captancies General
3779:2016-05-22 at the
3762:UC Library System
3717:Chapman University
3530:2017-07-31 at the
3280:Land in California
3127:– via JSTOR.
2668:2016-04-06 at the
2499:Mexican California
2253:Governor EcheandĂa
2095:In popular culture
1427:Flag of California
1374:Hippolyte Bouchard
1193:Treaty of Cahuenga
1173:United States Army
1161:United States Navy
1149:
1074:Portola expedition
1052:
1008:
925:
895:Indigenous peoples
844:Indigenous peoples
787:at the village of
706:PortolĂĄ expedition
702:
656:Interior Provinces
594:
577:PortolĂĄ expedition
7815:
7814:
7790:
7782:
7774:
7766:
7758:
7754:Mayflower Compact
7750:
7735:Related Documents
7617:Spanish Louisiana
7496:Columbia District
7419:(1643â1654; 1675â
7305:Massachusetts Bay
7233:Southern Colonies
7202:Thirteen Colonies
7168:
7167:
6362:
6361:
6243:Industrial growth
6075:
6074:
6053:
6052:
5894:Trade and economy
5851:
5850:
5341:
5340:
5333:Indian Reductions
5262:SebastiĂĄn Montero
5167:Juan de ZumĂĄrraga
5042:
5041:
4929:Gaspar de PortolĂĄ
4869:Pedro de Alvarado
4784:
4783:
4740:Nueva Extremadura
4645:Antigua Guatemala
4440:
4439:
4432:AdamsâOnĂs Treaty
4427:Treaty of CĂłrdoba
4412:Congress of Breda
4034:Joanna of Castile
4002:
4001:
3976:Tzeltal Rebellion
3409:978-1-74104-154-5
3289:978-0-405-11352-9
3252:978-0-19-006262-0
3161:978-3-030-15800-2
2951:978-0-19-006262-0
2730:978-0-295-98249-6
2649:978-0-07-353464-0
2545:978-0-8165-3892-8
2134:The Mask of Zorro
2131:In the 1998 film
2092:
2091:
1802:
1801:
1762:El Diario Oficial
1468:
1467:
1344:, the founder of
1128:Sacramento Valley
1085:Nicolås Gutiérrez
987:AdamsâOnĂs Treaty
977:(legislature) of
874:soldados de cuera
765:Gaspar de PortolĂĄ
755:, founded by the
746:water deprivation
409:). Following the
378:
377:
332:
331:
328:
327:
308:
307:
243:Treaty of CĂłrdoba
187:Nicolås Gutiérrez
168:âą 1822â1825
154:âą 1815â1822
140:âą 1804â1814
66:Federal Territory
7910:
7805:
7804:
7788:
7780:
7772:
7764:
7762:Mourt's Relation
7756:
7748:
7673:French Louisiana
7502:Red River Colony
7425:
7422:
7369:Berkeley Hundred
7228:Tobacco Colonies
7195:
7188:
7181:
7172:
6830:Rancho Cucamonga
6805:Huntington Beach
6258:Legal revolution
6166:California Trail
6117:
6102:
6095:
6088:
6079:
6065:
6064:
6025:FermĂn de LasuĂ©n
5916:Triangular trade
5363:
5352:
5242:FermĂn de LasuĂ©n
5187:Alonso de Molina
5177:Vasco de Quiroga
5138:Friars, fathers,
5059:Spanish missions
5055:
4879:Hernando de Soto
4797:
4455:
4407:Peace of Utrecht
4402:Peace of Ryswick
4265:Santiago de Cuba
4110:
4077:
4017:
3952:Acaxee Rebellion
3904:Seven Years' War
3892:Queen Anne's War
3837:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3793:
3757:Alta California
3720:
3685:Bancroft Library
3629:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3594:
3583:
3582:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3548:
3539:
3522:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3466:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3437:
3431:
3417:
3411:
3397:
3391:
3385:
3379:
3374:
3368:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3321:
3318:
3312:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3236:
3227:
3226:
3220:
3212:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3097:WĂÄazo Ć a Review
3088:
3082:
3081:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3017:
3011:
3010:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2909:10.2307/41172612
2888:
2882:
2881:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2808:
2802:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2744:
2735:
2734:
2714:
2708:
2697:
2691:
2683:
2677:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2636:
2632:978-08129-7753-0
2620:
2607:
2598:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2565:
2557:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2515:
2509:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2437:
2427:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2399:10.2307/25613566
2378:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2359:
2357:Nueva California
2353:
2348:. But gradually
2347:
2341:
2339:Nueva California
2335:
2329:
2313:
2293:
2274:
2268:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2201:
2198:
1836:Total Population
1809:
1632:2,052 - 300,000
1524:Total Population
1497:
1481:
1479:
1454:
1438:
1423:
1404:
1385:
1366:
1334:
1314:
1273:
1254:
1247:
1175:, fought in the
1071:
1028:States of Mexico
964:PalĂłu's division
865:Rancho San Pedro
672:Mikhail Levashov
620:in 1737 and the
600:missionized the
465:
453:
422:
408:
406:Nueva California
402:
401:
385:Nueva California
324:
323:
312:
311:
299:
298:
292:
291:
276:
275:
101:
87:
37:
7920:
7919:
7913:
7912:
7911:
7909:
7908:
7907:
7838:The Californias
7818:
7817:
7816:
7811:
7793:
7737:
7728:
7723:Russian America
7641:Alta California
7611:Las Californias
7563:Spanish Florida
7542:
7531:
7423:
7342:
7328:
7242:
7238:United Colonies
7218:Middle Colonies
7204:
7199:
7169:
7164:
7050:San Luis Obispo
6681:
6587:San Luis Obispo
6378:
6358:
6325:
6272:
6248:Postwar culture
6214:
6111:
6106:
6076:
6071:
6049:
5983:
5920:
5889:
5847:
5843:Chamorro people
5826:
5763:
5705:
5668:Southern Plains
5662:
5599:
5536:
5477:Mission Indians
5463:
5437:
5357:
5347:
5337:
5301:
5257:Mariano Payeras
5237:Francisco PalĂłu
5139:
5133:
5061:in the Americas
5060:
5050:
5048:Catholic Church
5038:
4989:Bruno de Heceta
4839:
4833:
4801:
4792:
4791:adventurers and
4790:
4780:
4776:Spanish Formosa
4764:
4703:Baja California
4693:Alta California
4688:Las Californias
4665:
4659:
4565:San Luis PotosĂ
4451:and territories
4450:
4448:
4446:
4436:
4375:
4356:Captain general
4329:
4320:MĂ©rida, YucatĂĄn
4290:San Luis PotosĂ
4240:State of Mexico
4216:
4168:
4130:
4114:
4105:
4075:
4058:
4012:
4010:
4008:
3998:
3970:TepehuĂĄn Revolt
3920:
3914:
3826:
3820:
3781:Wayback Machine
3749:
3703:
3644:
3638:
3636:Further reading
3633:
3632:
3622:
3620:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3596:
3595:
3586:
3579:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3550:
3549:
3542:
3532:Wayback Machine
3523:
3516:
3506:
3504:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3483:
3468:
3467:
3452:
3444:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3418:
3414:
3398:
3394:
3386:
3382:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3361:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3328:
3324:
3319:
3315:
3310:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3290:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3253:
3238:
3237:
3230:
3213:
3201:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3174:
3172:
3162:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3061:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3034:
3019:
3018:
3014:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2952:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2861:
2859:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2792:
2788:
2779:
2777:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2698:
2694:
2684:
2680:
2670:Wayback Machine
2661:
2657:
2650:
2637:
2633:
2609:
2608:
2601:
2592:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2558:
2546:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2429:
2428:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2380:
2379:
2372:
2363:Alta California
2351:Alta California
2315:
2314:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2296:
2290:Baja California
2275:
2271:
2255:or to his son,
2250:
2246:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2163:
2097:
2008:San Luis Obispo
1807:
1776:
1759:
1739:
1691:
1619:
1608:
1536:
1492:
1487:
1477:
1471:
1245:
1213:
1185:RĂo San Gabriel
1119:
1113:
1048:Las Californias
1040:
1019:successor state
996:
956:Diego de Borica
951:
938:Mission Indians
861:
815:was founded at
722:Baja California
690:
680:
668:Pyotr Krenitsyn
633:Colorado Rivers
579:
573:
568:
480:to the U.S. in
456:Baja California
451:
438:, and parts of
420:Alta California
399:Las Californias
381:Alta California
321:
296:
255:
248:August 24, 1821
245:
232:
222:
220:Las Californias
189:
183:
175:
169:
161:
155:
147:
141:
99:
88:
72:
64:
62:
54:
52:
40:Alta California
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7918:
7917:
7914:
7906:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7820:
7819:
7813:
7812:
7810:
7809:
7798:
7795:
7794:
7792:
7791:
7783:
7775:
7767:
7759:
7751:
7742:
7739:
7738:
7733:
7730:
7729:
7727:
7726:
7720:
7714:
7708:
7702:
7696:
7690:
7684:
7681:New Netherland
7678:
7677:
7676:
7670:
7664:
7658:
7655:French Florida
7646:
7645:
7644:
7638:
7632:
7626:
7620:
7614:
7608:
7602:
7596:
7590:
7584:
7578:
7572:
7566:
7554:
7547:
7544:
7543:
7541:
7540:
7536:
7533:
7532:
7530:
7529:
7523:
7517:
7511:
7505:
7499:
7493:
7487:
7481:
7475:
7469:
7466:Indian Reserve
7463:
7457:
7451:
7445:
7439:
7433:
7427:
7414:
7408:
7402:
7396:
7390:
7384:
7378:
7372:
7366:
7360:
7354:
7347:
7344:
7343:
7341:
7340:
7333:
7330:
7329:
7327:
7326:
7320:
7317:South Carolina
7314:
7311:North Carolina
7308:
7302:
7296:
7290:
7284:
7278:
7272:
7266:
7260:
7254:
7247:
7244:
7243:
7241:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7209:
7206:
7205:
7200:
7198:
7197:
7190:
7183:
7175:
7166:
7165:
7163:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6775:San Bernardino
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6691:
6689:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6567:San Bernardino
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6388:
6386:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6376:
6370:
6368:
6364:
6363:
6360:
6359:
6357:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6335:
6333:
6327:
6326:
6324:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6282:
6280:
6274:
6273:
6271:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6224:
6222:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6212:
6211:
6210:
6205:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6174:
6173:
6168:
6158:
6153:
6152:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6125:
6123:
6113:
6112:
6107:
6105:
6104:
6097:
6090:
6082:
6073:
6072:
6070:
6069:
6058:
6055:
6054:
6051:
6050:
6048:
6047:
6042:
6040:JunĂpero Serra
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5991:
5989:
5985:
5984:
5982:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5940:
5939:
5928:
5926:
5922:
5921:
5919:
5918:
5913:
5911:Manila galleon
5908:
5903:
5897:
5895:
5891:
5890:
5888:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5861:
5859:
5853:
5852:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5845:
5840:
5834:
5832:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5773:
5771:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5715:
5713:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5672:
5670:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5609:
5607:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5592:
5590:Tohono O'odham
5587:
5582:
5577:
5575:Pueblo peoples
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5550:Akimel O'odham
5546:
5544:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
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5277:Antonio Margil
5274:
5269:
5267:Marcos de Niza
5264:
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5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5232:JunĂpero Serra
5229:
5224:
5219:
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5209:
5204:
5199:
5197:Diego de Landa
5194:
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5147:Pedro de Gante
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4999:Alonso de LeĂłn
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4906:
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4859:Nuño de Guzmån
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4025:
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4021:Habsburg Spain
4014:
4013:administration
4004:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3985:
3979:
3973:
3967:
3964:Acoma Massacre
3961:
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3940:Chichimeca War
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3747:External links
3745:
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3699:978-8770107204
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3419:Starr, Kevin.
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2985:(4): 643â669.
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1258:Spanish Empire
1255:
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1115:Main article:
1112:
1109:
1039:
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992:
950:
947:
869:cattle grazing
860:
857:
825:medicine woman
797:Los Pobladores
761:JunĂpero Serra
679:
676:
652:José de Gålvez
590:Loreto, Mexico
572:
569:
567:
564:
540:San Bernardino
525:Pueblo peoples
509:Colorado River
493:El Camino Real
376:
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30:or its region
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3:
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7863:Modern Mexico
7861:
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7605:Spanish Texas
7603:
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7440:
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7436:Rupert's Land
7434:
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7409:
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7338:United States
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7258:
7257:New Hampshire
7255:
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7125:Crescent City
7123:
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6995:Santa Barbara
6993:
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6905:Thousand Oaks
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6810:Santa Clarita
6808:
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6795:Moreno Valley
6793:
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6710:San Francisco
6708:
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6597:Santa Barbara
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6577:San Francisco
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6005:Francis Drake
6003:
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5862:
5860:
5858:
5854:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5835:
5833:
5829:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5770:
5766:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5712:
5708:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5691:Plains Apache
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5669:
5665:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5606:
5602:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5543:
5539:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5470:
5466:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5440:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5353:
5350:
5344:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5304:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5247:Esteban TĂĄpis
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5136:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5062:
5056:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4919:Juan de Oñate
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4849:Hernån Cortés
4847:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4841:conquistadors
4838:Explorers and
4836:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4800:Pre-New Spain
4798:
4795:
4793:conquistadors
4787:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4735:Nueva Vizcaya
4733:
4731:
4730:Nueva Galicia
4728:
4725:
4721:
4718:
4715:
4711:
4708:
4704:
4701:
4698:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4689:
4686:
4683:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4664:Provinces and
4662:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4635:Santo Domingo
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4625:St. Augustine
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4453:
4443:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4378:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4346:Gobernaciones
4344:
4342:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4332:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4202:Santo Domingo
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4165:
4164:Santo Domingo
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4109:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4064:Bourbon Spain
4061:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4015:
4005:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3982:Pueblo Revolt
3980:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3944:
3941:
3938:
3935:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3917:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3824:
3817:
3812:
3810:
3805:
3803:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3778:
3775:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3734:
3733:0-87919-132-5
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3705:Howser, Huell
3702:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3666:
3665:1-890771-48-1
3662:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3635:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3607:
3604:
3599:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3580:
3578:9781606941836
3574:
3570:
3569:
3561:
3558:
3553:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3526:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3489:
3484:
3482:9781506518763
3478:
3474:
3473:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3443:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3429:0-679-64240-4
3426:
3422:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3373:
3370:
3363:
3360:
3355:
3351:
3344:
3341:
3335:
3332:
3326:
3323:
3317:
3314:
3308:
3305:
3299:
3296:
3291:
3285:
3281:
3274:
3271:
3267:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3224:
3218:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3200:0-945193-83-1
3196:
3192:
3191:
3184:
3181:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3134:
3131:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3087:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3071:
3068:
3060:
3059:
3051:
3048:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3033:0-19-513877-5
3029:
3025:
3024:
3016:
3013:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2934:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2887:
2884:
2879:
2872:
2869:
2858:on 2020-10-11
2857:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2840:
2835:
2831:
2824:
2821:
2816:
2815:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2790:
2787:
2776:
2775:www.cosoy.org
2772:
2766:
2763:
2750:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2732:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2659:
2656:
2651:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2628:
2624:
2619:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2590:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2529:
2526:
2521:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2507:0-405-09538-4
2504:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2488:
2483:
2477:
2473:
2466:
2463:
2451:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2321:
2320:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2299:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2265:Sierra Nevada
2262:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2212:
2207:
2197:
2194:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2102:San Francisco
2099:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2037:San Francisco
2035:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1897:Santa Barbara
1895:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1804:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1635:89.9% (1793)
1634:
1631:
1629:09,8% (1793)
1628:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1611:Revillagigedo
1606:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1464:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1287:Francis Drake
1284:
1283:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1138:Map of Mexico
1135:
1131:
1129:
1124:
1118:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1049:
1044:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1005:
1000:
993:
991:
988:
983:
980:
976:
971:
969:
965:
961:
957:
948:
946:
943:
939:
935:
929:
922:
918:
914:
910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
875:
870:
866:
858:
856:
853:
849:
845:
839:
837:
833:
829:
826:
820:
818:
817:Achooykomenga
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
699:
694:
689:
685:
677:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
591:
587:
583:
578:
570:
565:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
548:San Francisco
545:
541:
537:
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
470:
464:
463:
458:(as a single
457:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
424:
421:
416:
412:
407:
400:
394:
390:
386:
382:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
343:
342:
341:United States
339:
337:Today part of
335:
319:
317:
314:
313:
310:
304:
301:
294:
293:
290:
289:
286:
283:
281:
278:
277:
273:
261:
257:
247:
244:
234:
224:
221:
208:
205:
201:
197:
193:
188:
185:
174:
171:
160:
157:
146:
143:
129:
127:
120:
113:
110:
108:
98:
95:
86:
81:
76:
71:
67:
61:
57:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
29:
22:
7734:
7711:Krabbeninsel
7640:
7484:West Florida
7478:East Florida
7299:Pennsylvania
7275:Rhode Island
7015:Redwood City
6990:Santa Monica
6815:Garden Grove
6422:Contra Costa
6161:Mexican rule
6035:Moctezuma II
6015:Eusebio Kino
5937:Peninsulares
5857:Architecture
5686:Lipan Apache
5623:Coahuiltecan
5605:Aridoamerica
5459:Guanahatabey
5366:Mesoamerican
5328:Cargo system
5306:Other events
5222:Eusebio Kino
5051:in New Spain
4692:
4087:Ferdinand VI
3874:Dutch Revolt
3763:
3738:
3724:
3712:
3690:
3656:
3648:
3621:. Retrieved
3615:
3606:
3567:
3560:
3535:
3505:. Retrieved
3501:the original
3491:
3475:. Palibrio.
3471:
3435:
3420:
3415:
3400:
3395:
3383:
3372:
3362:
3353:
3343:
3334:
3325:
3316:
3307:
3298:
3279:
3273:
3266:Catholicism.
3264:
3241:
3189:
3183:
3173:, retrieved
3143:
3133:
3103:(2): 49â59.
3100:
3096:
3086:
3076:
3070:
3057:
3050:
3022:
3015:
2982:
2979:Ethnohistory
2978:
2972:
2965:Catholicism.
2963:
2940:
2933:
2900:
2896:
2886:
2877:
2871:
2860:. Retrieved
2856:the original
2851:
2842:
2833:
2823:
2813:
2806:
2798:
2794:
2789:
2778:. Retrieved
2774:
2765:
2753:. Retrieved
2719:
2712:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2686:
2681:
2673:
2658:
2639:
2616:
2611:Starr, Kevin
2594:
2589:
2580:
2534:
2528:
2519:
2513:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2471:
2465:
2453:. Retrieved
2433:
2410:. Retrieved
2393:(1): 23â35.
2390:
2386:
2323:
2318:
2282:PimerĂa Alta
2272:
2264:
2261:great Sierra
2257:Juan Bandini
2247:
2221:
2196:
2147:
2132:
2123:
2115:
2109:
1815:Pop Mexican/
1761:
1738:4,000 whites
1493:
1473:
1469:
1458:
1321:, under Lt.
1280:
1235:
1201:$ 15 million
1166:
1150:
1137:
1120:
1088:
1078:
1061:
1053:
1009:
1006:7th edition.
1003:
984:
974:
972:
952:
930:
926:
902:
898:
889:. Hides and
878:
872:
862:
840:
821:
750:
703:
647:
645:
641:Carmel River
626:
602:PimerĂa Alta
598:Eusebio Kino
595:
529:
490:
467:
462:departamento
425:
384:
380:
379:
285:Succeeded by
284:
279:
182:âą 1836
7773:(1630â1651)
7725:(1799â1867)
7713:(1689â1693)
7707:(1685â1754)
7701:(1672â1917)
7695:(1638â1655)
7689:(1625â1672)
7683:(1614â1667)
7669:, 1665â1733
7663:, 1651â1665
7657:, 1562â1565
7653:1534â1763;
7643:, 1804â1821
7637:, 1783â1821
7631:, 1783â1821
7625:, 1776â1821
7619:, 1769â1801
7613:, 1767â1804
7607:, 1690â1821
7601:, 1650â1651
7595:, 1607â1801
7589:, 1598â1821
7583:, 1580â1898
7577:, 1565â1898
7571:, 1565â1821
7569:New Navarre
7565:, 1565â1763
7561:1521â1821;
7553:(1492â1535)
7528:(1871â1903)
7522:(1866â1871)
7516:(1863â1866)
7510:(1862â1863)
7504:(1811â1818)
7498:(1810â1846)
7490:New Ireland
7486:(1763â1783)
7480:(1763â1783)
7474:(1763â1783)
7468:(1763â1783)
7462:(1686â1689)
7456:(1674â1702)
7454:West Jersey
7450:(1674â1702)
7448:East Jersey
7444:(1670â1870)
7438:(1670â1811)
7432:(1663â1712)
7424: 1680
7413:(1638â1664)
7407:(1635â1644)
7395:(1629â1663)
7389:(1625â1650)
7387:Saint Croix
7383:(1622â1658)
7365:(1607â1699)
7359:(1607â1608)
7353:(1585â1590)
7325:(1732â1776)
7319:(1712â1776)
7313:(1712â1776)
7307:(1691â1776)
7301:(1681â1776)
7295:(1664â1776)
7283:(1664â1776)
7277:(1636â1776)
7271:(1636â1776)
7269:Connecticut
7265:(1632â1776)
7253:(1607â1776)
7155:Nevada City
7115:Placerville
6980:Santa Maria
6940:Victorville
6930:Santa Clara
6915:Simi Valley
6760:Chula Vista
6735:Bakersfield
6695:Los Angeles
6602:Santa Clara
6582:San Joaquin
6482:Los Angeles
6268:Present day
6253:Development
6233:Engineering
6178:Californios
6121:Before 1900
6020:La Malinche
5393:P'urhépecha
5348:and culture
5192:Diego DurĂĄn
5034:Thomas Gage
4769:Other areas
4666:territories
4610:San Antonio
4595:Albuquerque
4570:Los Ăngeles
4520:Guadalajara
4465:Mexico City
4280:Guadalajara
4235:New Orleans
4197:Puerto Rico
4192:Philippines
4144:Guadalajara
4092:Charles III
3988:Pima Revolt
3825:(1521â1821)
3507:23 December
3282:. Ayer Co.
2366:after 1824.
2154:Californios
1845:Los Angeles
1830:Amerindians
1518:Amerindians
1412:Los Angeles
1355:John Sutter
1303:Bolinas Bay
1295:Tomales Bay
1282:Golden Hind
1205:lands ceded
834:village of
807:village of
736:village of
532:Los Angeles
497:Mexico City
469:Siete Leyes
452:re-combined
280:Preceded by
100:(1804â1836)
73:(1824â1836)
63:(1821â1824)
53:(1804â1821)
7822:Categories
7693:New Sweden
7649:New France
7287:New Jersey
7105:Marysville
7080:Susanville
7035:San Rafael
7030:Santa Cruz
6960:Costa Mesa
6820:Santa Rosa
6725:Long Beach
6720:Sacramento
6637:Stanislaus
6607:Santa Cruz
6562:San Benito
6557:Sacramento
6238:Water wars
6220:Since 1900
6134:Precontact
5870:by country
5618:Chichimeca
5469:California
5356:Indigenous
4789:Explorers,
4714:New Mexico
4697:California
4678:La Florida
4540:Guanajuato
4490:Cuernavaca
4449:provinces,
4371:Encomienda
4351:Adelantado
4325:La Florida
4275:Valladolid
4270:Guanajuato
4222:Intendancy
4136:Audiencias
4097:Charles IV
4054:Charles II
4009:government
3934:Yaqui Wars
3928:MixtĂłn War
3764:Calisphere
3640:See also:
3261:1143823194
3175:2021-12-04
2960:1143823194
2862:2020-10-12
2780:2020-08-28
2554:1048786636
2481:1592233198
2449:0520038754
2278:Gila River
2208:References
2145:comic book
2142:Carl Barks
2120:Mark Twain
1319:Bodega Bay
1299:Drakes Bay
1291:Bodega Bay
1145:headwaters
1142:Rio Grande
1089:Californio
1064:Seven Laws
1004:Britannica
907:Californio
903:pobladores
805:Acjachemen
781:Toviscanga
757:Franciscan
718:Franciscan
592:) in 1697.
575:See also:
560:Santa Rosa
536:Sacramento
523:, and the
511:, lay the
486:31st state
478:were ceded
428:California
351:California
118:Government
112:Californio
28:California
7848:New Spain
7557:New Spain
7411:New Haven
7363:Jamestown
7095:Red Bluff
7070:Hollister
7055:El Centro
7020:Yuba City
6975:Fairfield
6965:Inglewood
6925:Roseville
6895:Fullerton
6885:Sunnyvale
6880:Escondido
6845:Elk Grove
6840:Lancaster
6825:Oceanside
6750:Riverside
6745:Santa Ana
6700:San Diego
6592:San Mateo
6572:San Diego
6552:Riverside
6502:Mendocino
6432:El Dorado
6427:Del Norte
6412:Calaveras
6384:By county
6331:By region
6306:Railroads
6286:Etymology
6263:Tech boom
6208:Civil War
6203:Gold Rush
5769:Filipinos
5744:Pensacola
5724:Apalachee
5442:Caribbean
5418:Kaqchikel
4802:explorers
4673:Louisiana
4620:Pensacola
4605:Los Adaes
4585:San Diego
4555:Querétaro
4545:Zacatecas
4530:Monterrey
4285:Zacatecas
4255:Nicaragua
4250:Comayagua
4187:Guatemala
4049:Philip IV
4044:Philp III
4039:Philip II
4029:Charles I
3832:Conflicts
3823:New Spain
3759:grants in
3623:11 August
3217:cite book
3170:197573059
3125:161847670
3007:161256567
2999:0014-1801
2917:0038-3929
2848:"History"
2562:cite book
2300:Citations
2213:Footnotes
2106:newspaper
1925:San Diego
1442:Bear Flag
1346:Fort Ross
1211:Governors
1017:. As the
979:New Spain
899:Rancheros
828:Toypurina
809:Acjacheme
769:San Diego
556:Santa Ana
544:San Diego
423:in 1824.
389:New Spain
78:1804â1836
7807:Category
7430:Carolina
7405:Saybrook
7393:Carolana
7375:Plymouth
7293:New York
7281:Delaware
7263:Maryland
7251:Virginia
7145:Lakeport
7110:Piedmont
7090:Oroville
7065:Martinez
7040:Woodland
6950:Berkeley
6945:El Monte
6890:Pasadena
6870:Torrance
6850:Palmdale
6800:Glendale
6755:Stockton
6705:San Jose
6662:Tuolumne
6622:Siskiyou
6522:Monterey
6497:Mariposa
6452:Imperial
6447:Humboldt
6354:Yosemite
6339:Bay Area
6301:Missions
6296:Maritime
6291:Highways
6278:By topic
6067:Category
6030:Limahong
5885:Missions
5749:Seminole
5734:Muscogee
5681:Comanche
5653:TepehuĂĄn
5643:La Junta
5565:Hualapai
5502:Kumeyaay
5482:Cahuilla
4760:Pampanga
4640:San Juan
4590:Santa Fe
4580:San José
4560:Saltillo
4510:Campeche
4505:Acapulco
4470:Veracruz
4380:Treaties
4334:Politics
4295:Veracruz
4260:CamagĂŒey
4108:Joseph I
4072:Philip V
3777:Archived
3528:Archived
3367:Mexico.)
3209:37418391
3042:42683042
2925:41172612
2801:, 37-39.
2666:Archived
2613:(2005).
2407:25613566
2161:See also
1952:San José
1870:Monterey
1789:150,000
1613:census)
1351:Russians
1226:(acting)
1203:for the
1179:and the
1097:PĂo Pico
909:culture.
783:and the
779:village
738:Kosa'aay
734:Kumeyaay
637:Monterey
552:San Jose
501:Santa Fe
499:west to
448:Colorado
356:Colorado
126:Governor
97:Monterey
56:Province
46:Province
7351:Roanoke
7323:Georgia
7160:Alturas
7150:Jackson
7130:Willows
7045:Hanford
6985:Redding
6970:Ventura
6935:Vallejo
6920:Concord
6910:Visalia
6875:Hayward
6860:Salinas
6835:Ontario
6790:Fontana
6780:Modesto
6765:Fremont
6740:Anaheim
6730:Oakland
6687:By city
6667:Ventura
6652:Trinity
6392:Alameda
6367:Regions
6316:Slavery
6311:Ranchos
5964:Coyotes
5959:Castizo
5954:Mestizo
5944:Criollo
5822:Cebuano
5817:Tagalog
5787:Mangyan
5777:Negrito
5759:Yustaga
5754:Timucua
5701:Wichita
5696:Tonkawa
5633:Cocopah
5628:CochimĂ
5580:Quechan
5527:Serrano
5507:Luiseño
5497:Juaneño
5487:Chumash
5454:Ciboney
5428:Poqomam
5423:Zapotec
5413:Kʌicheʌ
5398:Totonac
5383:Huastec
5358:peoples
5346:Society
4755:Bulacan
4682:Florida
4600:El Paso
4550:Pachuca
4525:Durango
4500:Morelia
4447:cities,
4445:Notable
4366:Cabildo
4341:Viceroy
4310:Durango
4245:Chiapas
4207:YucatĂĄn
4082:Louis I
4007:Central
3772:at the
3683:at the
3670:(2010).
3117:1409498
2793:Starr,
2699:Starr,
2108:called
2104:-based
1817:Criollo
1690:250,000
1638:20,871
1626:18,780
1505:Criollo
1189:La Mesa
879:ranchos
836:WĂĄâpeat
832:Vanyume
793:mulatto
696:The 21
596:Father
566:History
505:Florida
444:Wyoming
440:Arizona
371:Wyoming
346:Arizona
241:âą
218:âą
107:Demonym
93:Capital
58:of the
48:of the
7789:(1676)
7781:(1638)
7765:(1622)
7757:(1620)
7749:(1584)
7719:(1698)
7472:Quebec
7371:(1619)
7357:Popham
7140:Sonora
7135:Colusa
7100:Auburn
7075:Eureka
7060:Lompoc
7025:Madera
7005:Merced
6955:Downey
6900:Orange
6865:Pomona
6855:Corona
6785:Oxnard
6770:Irvine
6715:Fresno
6657:Tulare
6647:Tehama
6642:Sutter
6632:Sonoma
6627:Solano
6617:Sierra
6612:Shasta
6547:Plumas
6542:Placer
6537:Orange
6532:Nevada
6507:Merced
6487:Madera
6477:Lassen
6437:Fresno
6417:Colusa
6402:Amador
6397:Alpine
5988:People
5979:Negros
5969:Pardos
5949:Indios
5831:Others
5782:Igorot
5739:Jororo
5729:Calusa
5638:Kiliwa
5613:Acaxee
5585:Solano
5570:Navajo
5555:Apache
5532:Tongva
5522:Ohlone
5517:Mohave
5492:Cupeño
5449:Arawak
5388:Mixtec
5373:Aztecs
4655:Manila
4630:Havana
4615:Tucson
4515:MĂ©rida
4495:Oaxaca
4485:Toluca
4480:Puebla
4475:Xalapa
4458:Cities
4315:Sonora
4305:Oaxaca
4300:Puebla
4230:Havana
4159:Mexico
4154:Manila
3731:
3697:
3663:
3575:
3479:
3427:
3407:
3286:
3259:
3249:
3207:
3197:
3168:
3158:
3123:
3115:
3040:
3030:
3005:
2997:
2958:
2948:
2923:
2915:
2755:30 May
2727:
2646:
2629:
2552:
2542:
2505:
2478:
2455:30 May
2446:
2412:4 June
2405:
2068:8,663
2065:Total
1901:1,147
1874:1,853
1849:3,480
1812:Region
1775:7,300
1709:3,270
1678:2,000
1649:1,800
1585:1,000
1535:+ 300
1095:, and
1011:Mexico
975:cortes
962:'s as
942:Ohlone
891:tallow
883:cattle
789:Yaanga
777:Tongva
759:friar
742:scurvy
714:Jesuit
648:visita
618:Sonora
606:Jesuit
558:, and
446:, and
434:, and
432:Nevada
415:Mexico
361:Nevada
130:
70:Mexico
7381:Maine
7120:Yreka
7085:Ukiah
7000:Chico
6512:Modoc
6492:Marin
6467:Kings
6442:Glenn
6407:Butte
6228:Labor
5974:Zambo
5932:Casta
5880:Forts
5812:Bajau
5807:Lumad
5802:Panay
5676:Caddo
5658:Yaqui
5648:Opata
5512:Miwok
5408:Kowoj
5403:Pipil
4724:Texas
4720:Tejas
3445:(PDF)
3166:S2CID
3121:S2CID
3113:JSTOR
3062:(PDF)
3003:S2CID
2921:JSTOR
2707:, 33.
2403:JSTOR
2342:, or
2286:Moqui
2188:Notes
1833:% pop
1827:% pop
1821:% pop
1772:1845
1735:1838
1706:1820
1675:1810
1646:1800
1582:1783
1557:1779
1532:1769
1521:% pop
1515:% pop
1509:% pop
1478:(PDF)
1372:, by
1340:, by
1153:Texas
887:sheep
454:with
7010:Napa
6677:Yuba
6672:Yolo
6527:Napa
6517:Mono
6472:Lake
6462:Kern
6457:Inyo
5901:Real
5595:Zuni
5560:Hopi
5378:Maya
4750:Cebu
4650:Cebu
4535:LeĂłn
4182:Cuba
3729:ISBN
3695:ISBN
3679:and
3661:ISBN
3625:2022
3573:ISBN
3509:2017
3477:ISBN
3425:ISBN
3405:ISBN
3284:ISBN
3257:OCLC
3247:ISBN
3223:link
3205:OCLC
3195:ISBN
3156:ISBN
3038:OCLC
3028:ISBN
2995:ISSN
2956:OCLC
2946:ISBN
2913:ISSN
2834:KCET
2757:2016
2725:ISBN
2644:ISBN
2627:ISBN
2572:link
2568:link
2550:OCLC
2540:ISBN
2503:ISBN
2476:ISBN
2457:2016
2444:ISBN
2414:2018
2140:The
2114:(or
2088:N/A
2085:N/A
2082:N/A
2079:N/A
2076:N/A
2073:N/A
2060:N/A
2053:N/A
2050:N/A
2047:N/A
2044:N/A
2041:186
2031:N/A
2028:N/A
2025:N/A
2018:N/A
2015:N/A
2012:335
1985:405
1981:Napa
1975:N/A
1972:N/A
1969:N/A
1962:N/A
1959:N/A
1956:500
1929:757
1919:N/A
1910:N/A
1907:N/A
1904:N/A
1798:N/A
1795:N/A
1792:N/A
1786:N/A
1783:N/A
1780:N/A
1767:N/A
1755:N/A
1752:N/A
1749:N/A
1746:N/A
1743:N/A
1730:N/A
1727:N/A
1724:N/A
1721:N/A
1718:N/A
1715:N/A
1712:N/A
1701:N/A
1698:N/A
1695:N/A
1687:N/A
1684:N/A
1681:N/A
1670:N/A
1667:N/A
1664:N/A
1661:N/A
1658:N/A
1655:N/A
1652:N/A
1607:1790
1560:500
1500:Year
1459:see
1187:and
985:The
973:The
885:and
763:and
744:and
724:and
716:and
704:The
686:and
670:and
662:and
631:and
629:Gila
491:The
436:Utah
366:Utah
258:1836
235:1804
225:1769
5797:Ati
5433:Mam
4011:and
3148:doi
3105:doi
2987:doi
2905:doi
2395:doi
2267:)."
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