1323:. Marriage was considered a spiritual weakness. Ceremonies were not joyous affairs, but were instead designed to impress the importance of the task upon the couple. Childbearing was similarly discouraged. Views on marriage gradually liberalized, and the Great Council was later given the authority to approve marriage. Men were not allowed to marry until they were 24 years old. If the Great Council found no fault with the union, then the couple could be wed after a year's wait. An elder would bless the marriage and the community would provide a wedding feast. The community did not recognize
1357:. Kitchens typically had a large brick hearth stove, a wood- or coal-burning oven, and a 6-foot-long (1.8 m) sink. Though kitchens originally had to bring water from the nearest well, they were the first buildings to be connected to the colony waterworks. Kitchens were named after the Küchebaas. The communal kitchen concept eroded some time around 1900, as married residents began to eat in their own homes. Food was still cooked in the communal kitchens, but housewives would take the food home. Kitchen staff and single residents still ate in the communal kitchens.
2939:
1434:, the Great Council disclosed to the Amana Society that the villages were in dire financial condition. The Depression was particularly harsh in the Colony because fire had badly damaged the woolen mill and destroyed the flour mill less than ten years earlier. At the same time, Society members were seeking more personal freedom. The Society agreed to split into two organizations: The non-profit Amana Church Society oversaw the spiritual needs of the community, while the for-profit Amana Society was incorporated as a
741:, importing very little from the industrializing American economy. The Amanians were able to achieve this independence and lifestyle by adhering to the specialized crafting and farming occupations that they had brought with them from Europe. Craftsmen passed their skills and techniques on from one generation to the next. They used hand, horse, wind, and water power, and made their own furniture, clothes, and other goods. The community voted to form a for-profit organization during the
1447:
960:
expected to pay community expenses. The initial plan was that, after some time, the land would be divided among the people according to their contribution of money and labor. However, leaders saw that the disparity in wealth, skills and age would make it difficult for all to purchase a portion of land—the community would fall apart as a result. Therefore, the constitution was amended on
October 23, 1850, to make the Community exclusively communal.
1386:
agricultural duties for boys and kitchen work for the girls. Children stayed with their mothers until they were two years old. Then, the child would have to attend
Kinderschule until the age of seven. At that point, the child would attend school six days a week, all year round until the age of fourteen or fifteen. At school, they shelled, cleaned and graded seed corn, picked fruit, and studied reading, writing and arithmetic.
1413:
men on one side and women on the other side of the church (this practice continues to this day). Older people and the "in-betweens" who were people in their thirties and forties had to attend a separate service. The service that members attended and where the members sat was a statement of their status in society. Services were held eleven times a week and did not include musical instruments and hymn singing.
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elders of the
Community. The trustees would then elect out of their own a president, vice president, and secretary; incumbents were usually re-elected. The group met alternately in different villages on the first Tuesday of each month. Each June, the trustees were expected to keep the Society informed of the general condition of its affairs. The Great Council also served as the high court of the Community.
1422:
invoices from outside companies. Amana purchased anything deemed necessary to run the society efficiently, such as raw wool, oil, grease, starch, pipes and fittings. Most of the grain was purchased from the outside for their flour-mill, and the printing establishment used cotton goods from the southern states. This brings into question whether Amana was truly an economically isolated society.
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that it could become a bad influence. Buffalo's growth also greatly increased nearby real estate prices, making an extension to
Ebenezer financially unfeasible. Metz met with Community leaders on August 31, 1854, to discuss the situation, and the group agreed to send four men (including Metz) to search for a new home out west. The new
1026:, a Biblical name with similar meaning. Under Iowa law, the Community had to incorporate as a business, so the Amana Society was founded as the governing body in 1859. Shortly thereafter, the Community agreed to adopt a new constitution. The resulting twelve-article document was very similar to the amended Ebenezer Constitution.
1765:"The communistic societies of the United States : from personal visit and observations; including detailed accounts of the Economists, Zoarites, Shakers, the Amana, Oneida, Bethel, Aurora, Icarian, and other existing societies, their religious creeds, social practics, numbers, industries, and present condition"
1072:). This brought their land holdings to 26,000 acres (110 km): 10,000 acres (40 km) in timberland, 7,000 acres (28 km) in cultivated fields, 4,000 acres (16 km) in grazing land, 500 acres (2.0 km) in settlements, and 100 acres (40 ha) in vegetable gardens. Most of the land is in
1594:
when it purchased Maytag in 2006. Whirlpool sold the Amana, Iowa refrigerator plant property to Wramia001, a
Chicago-based limited liability company, in October, 2020 for $ 92.6 million dollars. Amana will continue to manufacture Amana, JennAir, KitchenAid, Maytag and Whirlpool refrigerators at the
1262:
Each village had between forty and one hundred houses, a church, school, bakery, dairy, wine-cellar, post office, sawmill, and general store. Every able-bodied man was expected to serve in the fire department, and each village had its own fire department. Most houses were two stories and built with
898:
Heinemann retreated from the
Community's affairs in 1823, making Metz the sole leader of the church. The Community continued to face persecution from German states for their refusal to serve as soldiers or utilize public schools. In the 1830s, Metz conceived of the notion of leasing a large area of
1607:
has become important to the economy of the Amana area. There are hotels and bed and breakfasts that support the tourist industry, as well as many independent shops, local artists and craftspeople, and restaurants serving family-style meals. Historic preservation efforts by several local non-profit
1412:
Another important governing aspect of the society was the church, which was run by the Board of
Trustees. Children and their parents worshiped together. Mothers with young children sat in the back of the church. Other children sat in the first few rows. Men and women were separated during worship:
963:
The 5,000-acre (20 km) purchase was adequate for the first 800 villagers. However, the success of the community brought new settlers, and by 1854, it was apparent that a larger tract of land was needed. Furthermore, the growth of the nearby city of
Buffalo concerned church elders, who thought
927:
The Hesse government levied harsher fines and rents against the
Community in the wake of economic turmoil in the late 1830s. Metz and other leaders realized that they had to find a new home for the Community. On August 27, 1842, leaders of the Community gathered at Armenburg, Germany, to discuss a
1558:
in 1933, Foerstner recognized the need for beverage coolers. He started the
Electric Equipment Company in 1934 using $ 3,500 of his own savings. The company was sold to the Amana Society in 1936 and renamed the Electrical Department of the Amana Society, though Foerstner remained as manager. The
1498:
The Amana Society, Inc., corporate heir to the land and economic assets of communal Amana, continues to own and manage some 26,000 acres (110 km) of farm, pasture and forest land. Agriculture remains an important economic base today just as it was in communal times. Because the land was not
1389:
Amana was known for its hospitality towards outsiders. Members would never turn a person in need away. They would feed and shelter the homeless who would pass through on the train. Some would even be hired as laborers. They would receive good wages, a permit home for the length of their stay and
1339:
There was no cooking in the homes of Amana citizens; instead, citizens originally ate together in groups of thirty to forty-five. Communal kitchens, each with its own garden, hosted meals. Men would sit at one table while women and small children would sit at another. Prayers were said in German
1306:
Each community member was provided with an annual sum, with men receiving $ 40 to $ 100 a year depending on their career, women receiving $ 25 to $ 30 a year, and parents of children receiving an additional $ 5 to $ 10 per child. This money was expected to be spent at village stores. Members who
1385:
Common positions held by women were in the kitchens, communal gardens, and laundry, among eight occupations. Men on the other hand had 39 different jobs to choose from, including barber, butcher, tailor, machine shop worker, and doctor. Children also participated in jobs, such as harvesting and
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The Great Council of the Brethren, also known as the Board of Trustees, oversaw the affairs and conduct of the Amana Society. Trustees were expected to tend to the internal affairs of the Society as well as its external business interests. Trustees were elected annually by popular vote from the
959:
Over 800 members of the Community immigrated to Ebenezer from Germany. The Community founded a "provisional constitution" in 1843 that defined the intentions of the community, which they called the Ebenezer Society. All lands and buildings were to be held in common, and prosperous settlers were
1421:
Amana would interact with the outside world in two ways, buying and selling. Each village had a center of exchange where all goods were purchased. By the 1890s, these stores were buying a great amount of goods and raw materials from the outside world. Just Middle Amana alone had more than 732
1307:
failed to budget adequately would be admonished by the Community. If the member did not mend his ways, they could be expelled by the community. Members who were expelled or voluntarily left the Community would receive all of the money they had invested into the common fund plus interest.
875:, and followers were called Inspirationalists. The Inspirationalists faced the opposition of the governments of the German states because they refused to serve as soldiers and would not send their children to Lutheran public schools. Adherents to the faith were imprisoned,
1377:. The noon meal on Sunday was rice soup, fried potatoes, creamed spinach, boiled beef, streusel, and tea or coffee. Menus changed with the seasons; for example, more beef and pork was served in the autumn and winter because it was easier to keep fresh meat.
1390:
three meals a day in the communal kitchen. The homeless were not the only outside help. Amana would hire many outside laborers to do industrial and agricultural jobs. They worked in the woolen shop, the calico-printing shop or one of the many others.
852:. Gruber and Rock fervently spread their beliefs and gained a following originally known as the New Spiritual Economy. They believed that God communicated through individuals with the "gift of inspiration", just as he did in the days of the
1360:
Each kitchen operated individually and had different practices. However, menus were largely standardized across the colonies to prevent any residents from receiving more than their fair share. Saturday night would offer pork sausages or
1574:. Two years later, the Amana Society sold off the Electrical Department to an investment group organized by Foerstner. Renamed Amana Refrigeration, Inc., the company grew to manufacture refrigerators and air conditioners. The
1499:
divided up with the end of communalism, the landscape of Amana still reflects its communal heritage. In addition, over 450 communal-era buildings stand in the seven villages—vivid reminders of the past. On June 23, 1965, the
975:, they returned to Ebenezer to encourage purchase. The Inspirationalists sent four men to purchase the land and all holdings in the vicinity. The first village in what would become the Amana Colonies was laid out in 1855 (
818:
The Community of True Inspiration (Amana Church) continues to worship in the Middle Amana meeting house, though "Special services, Sunday school, and fellowship activities are held in the larger Main Amana meeting house."
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Gruber died in 1728 and Rock followed in 1749; left without an instrument, the Inspirationalists' numbers declined in the subsequent decades. Within a span of a few months starting in 1817, Michael Krausert,
1331:) were considered particularly reprehensible. A citizen would be expelled from the community for one year for marrying an individual outside of the colonies, even if the partner wished to join the society.
1283:
Each village was governed by a group of seven to nineteen elders. Decisions would be made for each village by a group of these elders led by one of the trustees. This governing board was known as the
1608:
organizations, as well as the Amana Society, Inc., in conjunction with governmental, land-use and historic preservation ordinances attempt to preserve the natural and built environment of Amana.
1343:
There were as many as fifty-five communal kitchens: sixteen in Amana, ten in Middle Amana, nine in Homestead, six in South and West Amana, and four in East and High Amana. The kitchen boss (
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The last of the 1,200 Inspirationalist settlers from New York arrived in 1864. By 1908, the Community had grown to 1,800 and owned over $ 1.8 million in assets.
936:
on October 26. For the next three months, church leaders examined tracts of land to establish a new commune. They agreed to purchase the 5,000-acre (20 km)
3142:
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1020:, German for "remain faithful". However, residents found difficulty properly pronouncing the word in English. Instead, the Inspirationalists settled on
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in Middle Amana was established after a 1935 bond election. The school closed in 1991. Clear Creek–Amana Middle School was previously in Middle Amana.
1037:
built a railroad station in nearby Homestead. Recognizing the need for the rail connection, the Community purchased the entire village of Homestead (
3127:
1578:
purchased Amana Refrigeration on January 1, 1965, although the Amana division was mostly autonomous. Amana produced the first practical commercial
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if they sought more money, a larger house, or a lighter workload. The Head Elder had the highest level of authority in each village, even over the
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seemed like an ideal location, so the group of four traveled across the new lands. However, they could not agree on an appropriate location.
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were all named instruments. Although Krausert soon left the church, Metz and Heinemann were able to revive interest in the Community.
567:
1624:
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had the authority to appoint elders, but at times when there were no such individuals, they were selected by the Great Council. The
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Today, the Seven Villages of Amana are a tourist attraction known for their restaurants and craft shops. The colony was listed as a
579:
1554:, Inc. George C. Foerstner worked in the woolen mill and became a traveling salesman for the mill after the Great Change. With the
1349:) was tasked with kitchen operations: cooking, serving, preserving, and chicken husbandry. Kitchen personnel were appointed by the
273:
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2690:. Clear Creek–Amana Middle School. February 23, 1999. Retrieved on October 24, 2017. "3023 220th Trail Middle Amana, Iowa 52307"
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Amana Farms is home to Iowa’s largest privately held forest. Amana Farms has built a 1,600,000 US gal (6,100 m)
971:
Two elders were then sent to the state of Iowa to examine the large government land grants. Finding appropriate lands near the
448:
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945:
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872:
703:
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498:
337:
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1504:
1483:). The language is High German in origin, but has strong influences of American English. For example, the word for
888:
761:
393:
308:
56:
2498:
1560:
937:
768:
443:
1734:
3177:
3132:
853:
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2603:. Amana Elementary School. Retrieved on October 24, 2017. "Amana Elementary 3023 220th Trail Amana, IA 52203"
1518:
with funding from the Iowa Office of Energy Independence, which produces fertilizer, heat for buildings, and
3112:
2879:
589:
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1523:
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for generating electricity. The digester processes organic waste streams from industrial partners such as
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in 1834, and managed all of their land holdings in common. It was at these estates that the philosophy of
604:
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513:
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1720:
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916:
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723:
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530:
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883:, the most liberal German state at the time. Here, the number of Inspirationalists greatly multiplied.
328:
3122:
3038:
2841:
1077:
626:
599:
493:
314:
2953:
2928:
1551:
1531:
1515:
1435:
399:
366:
355:
302:
171:
1887:
1871:
1860:
1849:
1838:
1827:
1816:
1446:
1438:. The transition was completed in 1932 and came to be known in the community as the Great Change.
1340:
before and after meals. Meals were not considered social affairs so conversation was discouraged.
2663:
2634:
2617:
1620:
679:
80:
1353:. Communal kitchens were usually large, two-story structures with an attached residence for the
2472:
2914:
2799:
2766:
2747:
2728:
2675:
2667:
2646:
2638:
1799:
1789:
1768:
1634:
1539:
1535:
1073:
941:
754:
719:
683:
663:
651:
475:
361:
176:
860:) because he was thought to be used as a tool of God's will to speak directly to his people.
3022:
2420:
Communal societies: Cosgel; Market integration and agricultural efficiency. Volume 13; 1994.
1760:
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1604:
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879:, and stripped of their possessions. To escape persecution, many Inspirationalists moved to
742:
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671:
458:
238:
166:
134:
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One early problem for each settler was the lack of rail access; the nearest station was in
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2600:
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953:
912:
841:
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691:
619:
525:
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198:
1764:
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2704:
1583:
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had the authority to appoint foremen for each industry. Individuals could petition the
908:
868:
849:
438:
233:
188:
101:
3106:
1567:
for filling military contracts. Goods were produced in the Middle Amana woolen mill.
929:
919:
began to grow within the Community. By the late 1830s, the Community was prospering.
738:
659:
535:
508:
468:
321:
278:
268:
258:
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local sandstone, which has an unusual hue. They are mostly square with gable roofs.
863:
To spread their beliefs, the group led by Rock and Gruber traveled through Germany,
726:. However, seeking more isolated surroundings, they moved to Iowa (near present-day
150:
1628:
1564:
1474:
737:
For eighty years, the Amana Colony maintained an almost completely self-sufficient
503:
383:
1786:
The Communistic Societies of the United States From Personal Visit and Observation
836:
by Eberhard L. Gruber and Johann F. Rock. They had both grown displeased with the
1550:
The most widely known business enterprise that emerged from the Amana Society is
2593:
2312:
Wilson, Rufus Rockwell (July–December 1905). "An Iowa Experiment in Communism".
1022:
864:
223:
698:, who were persecuted in their homeland by the German state government and the
2824:
1670:
1404:
1088:
972:
771:, the population of the seven villages in order of population was as follows:
371:
263:
243:
218:
213:
208:
3055:
St. Michael’s Church, Cemetery, Rectory, and Ancient Order of Hibernians Hall
2438:
1803:
1619:
operates public schools serving the community. Amana Elementary School is in
1245:
1232:
1211:
1198:
1177:
1164:
1143:
1130:
1109:
1096:
1059:
1046:
993:
980:
2850:
1362:
1030:
949:
376:
181:
69:
1083:
By 1862, five more villages were laid, bringing the total number to seven:
17:
1776:
1772:
1459:
Most residents of the Amana Colony are considered tri-lingual. They speak
1575:
1374:
1316:
900:
876:
699:
433:
423:
253:
248:
228:
1571:
1527:
1519:
1484:
1324:
845:
833:
193:
944:, which had recently become open to European settlement following the
2865:
2546:
2523:
2521:
2519:
1587:
1370:
540:
142:
832:
The Amana Colony stems from a religious movement started in 1714 in
3090:
National Register of Historic Places listings in Iowa County, Iowa
2542:"The Five Innovations You'll Take for Granted This Holiday Season"
2386:
1689:
National Register of Historic Places listings in Iowa County, Iowa
1511:
was founded a year later, the Colonies were automatically listed.
1445:
1403:
1328:
899:
land as a refuge for the Community. They first leased land from a
880:
837:
1909:
1710:
2855:
655:
283:
2883:
2833:
1872:
https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=1936030
1861:
https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=1983505
1850:
https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=1936975
1839:
https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=1973965
1828:
https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=1901720
1817:
https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=1951600
2838:
2719:
Second Revision. Chicago, IL: Charles H. Kerr & Co., 1908.
1884:"2010 Census: Interactive Population Map - U.S. Census Bureau"
1492:
1287:. Elders were selected based on their piety and spirituality.
2172:
2170:
2145:
2143:
2761:
Hudson, David; Bergman, Marvin; Horton, Loren, eds. (2009).
650:
are seven villages on 26,000 acres (110 km) located in
2819:
1570:
In 1947, the company produced the first commercial upright
3148:
National Register of Historic Places in Iowa County, Iowa
2283:
2281:
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plant, built in 1940, under a long-term lease agreement.
1319:
was permitted only "with the consent of God" through the
2789:. Iowa City, IA: The State Historical Society of Iowa.
2341:
2339:
1503:
deemed the Amana Colonies worthy of distinction as a
948:. The first settlement was called Ebenezer after the
2614:
2010 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP: Middle Amana CDP, IA
856:. This individual was called an instrument (German:
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2409:The Amanas Yesterday: A Religious Communal Society
1076:, with approximately 1,700 acres (690 ha) in
1033:20 miles (32 km) away. However, in 1861 the
2820:Amana Church - The Community of True Inspiration
2570:"Whirlpool sells Amana plant for $ 92.6 million"
694:. The villages were built and settled by German
2746:. State Studies: Uniquely. Heinemann-Raintree.
2866:Silos & Smokestacks National Heritage Area
2716:American Communities and Cooperative Colonies.
1327:, and second marriages (even in the case of a
3153:Buildings and structures in Iowa County, Iowa
2895:
2834:Amana Colonies Convention and Visitors Bureau
627:
8:
2825:The Amana Colonies, a National Park Service
2709:. New York, NY: Funk & Wagnalls company.
1478:
1468:
1450:
1344:
1015:
3094:List of National Historic Landmarks in Iowa
2798:. Iowa City, IA: University Of Iowa Press.
2796:Kolonie-Deutsch: Life and Language in Amana
2765:. Iowa City, IA: University Of Iowa Press.
2727:. Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press.
2499:"Amana Farms makes electricity from manure"
1684:List of National Historic Landmarks in Iowa
1617:Clear Creek–Amana Community School District
2970:Lenox Township Church of the New Jerusalem
2902:
2888:
2880:
2540:Holly, Krisztina "Z" (November 30, 2013).
1739:National Historic Landmark summary listing
1623:, and Clear Creek–Amana Middle School and
1495:" with the German word for stalk or stem.
1014:The new colony was originally to be named
634:
620:
129:
68:
2725:Seasons of Plenty: Amana Communal Cooking
2706:History of socialism in the United States
2383:"Amana Colonies: The Hand Crafted Escape"
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2014:
2002:
1990:
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1966:
1954:
1942:
1930:
48:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
3158:Tourist attractions in Iowa County, Iowa
2786:Amana: The Community of True Inspiration
2272:
57:U.S. National Historic Landmark District
1699:
484:
414:
345:
292:
157:
141:
3173:Religious museums in the United States
2459:
2330:
1711:"National Register Information System"
1705:
1703:
31:
2369:
2357:
2345:
2287:
7:
3143:Populated places established in 1854
2911:National Register of Historic Places
1767:. New York: Harper. pp. 25–62.
1716:National Register of Historic Places
1509:National Register of Historic Places
3118:National Historic Landmarks in Iowa
2763:The Biographical Dictionary of Iowa
2568:Ford, George (December 15, 2020).
2411:. Iowa City: Penfield Press, 1975.
1582:in 1967. The division was sold to
1430:In March 1931, in the wake of the
25:
2872:"Schools in the Amana Colonies,"
2861:The Community of True Inspiration
2528:Hudson, Bergman & Horton 2009
1035:Mississippi and Missouri Railroad
2937:
2620:. retrieved on October 24, 2017.
1455:to Amana Colonies, roadside sign
871:. The group became known as the
149:
3128:German-American culture in Iowa
3071:David and M. Maria Hughes House
1910:"Amana Church Worship Services"
1590:in 2001. It became part of the
1373:, bread with cream cheese, and
702:Church. Calling themselves the
2781:Shambaugh, Bertha Maude Horack
1673:– professional baseball player
1559:company was twice awarded the
1491:, combining the English word "
946:Second Treaty of Buffalo Creek
704:True Inspiration Congregations
96:
1:
1625:Clear Creek–Amana High School
1534:Cedar River Mill, as well as
1400:Community of True Inspiration
1227:Mittel-Amana (Middle Amana) (
873:Community of True Inspiration
3163:Museums in Iowa County, Iowa
3138:History of Buffalo, New York
2827:Discover Our Shared Heritage
1912:. Amana Church. May 29, 2018
712:Wahre Inspirations-Gemeinden
29:United States historic place
3183:1854 establishments in Iowa
1417:Amana and the outside world
932:. The Community arrived in
722:in what is now the town of
3199:
2794:Webber, Philip E. (2009).
1784:Nordhoff, Charles (2011).
1647:Barbara Heinemann Landmann
1505:National Historic Landmark
1473:), and a dialect known as
1397:
762:National Historic Landmark
394:Third International Theory
3084:
2935:
2742:Horton, Loren O. (2005).
2703:Hillquit, Morris (1903).
2660:Amana Colonies: 1932-1945
2631:Amana Colonies: 1932-1945
1586:in 1997 and then sold to
1538:, thereby reducing local
1159:West-Amana (West Amana) (
1125:Süd-Amana (South Amana) (
938:Seneca Indian Reservation
714:), they first settled in
95:NRHP reference
67:
63:
54:
45:
38:
34:
3168:Open-air museums in Iowa
1193:Ost-Amana (East Amana) (
730:) in 1856. They lived a
666:(or Main Amana, German:
2713:Hinds, William Alfred.
1741:. National Park Service
844:and began to study the
554:Communities by country
2986:Iowa County Courthouse
2856:Amana Heritage Society
2723:Hoppe, Emilie (1998).
1788:. Hamburg: tredition.
1659:William Henry Prestele
1524:Genencor International
1479:
1469:
1456:
1451:
1442:Since the Great Change
1409:
1345:
1016:
857:
753:), which included the
711:
389:Real utopian sociology
158:Mythical and religious
2473:"Amana Society Farms"
2435:National Park Service
1721:National Park Service
1592:Whirlpool Corporation
1556:repeal of Prohibition
1501:National Park Service
1449:
1407:
1398:Further information:
1311:Marriage and children
521:Intentional community
464:Post-scarcity economy
3039:Fred G. Turner House
2839:Amana Church Society
2674:, 9781467115407. p.
2645:, 9781467115407. p.
2407:Liffring-Zug, Joan.
1576:Raytheon Corporation
1087:Amana vor der Höhe (
338:Dystopian literature
121:Designated NHLD
2954:Ladora Savings Bank
2929:Plagmann Round Barn
2302:, pp. 132–137.
2263:, pp. 111–113.
2251:, pp. 103–110.
1723:. January 23, 2007.
1561:Army-Navy "E" Award
1552:Amana Refrigeration
1546:Amana Refrigeration
1532:International Paper
1436:joint-stock company
1365:, boiled potatoes,
1246:41.7953°N 91.8982°W
1242: /
1212:41.8090°N 91.8493°W
1208: /
1178:41.8074°N 91.9654°W
1174: /
1144:41.7752°N 91.9680°W
1140: /
1110:41.8036°N 91.9407°W
1106: /
1060:41.7600°N 91.8706°W
1056: /
994:41.8002°N 91.8723°W
990: /
911:. They expanded to
400:Utopia for Realists
356:Communitas perfecta
329:Gulliver's Travels
303:Ideology and Utopia
172:City of the Caesars
2844:2017-07-30 at the
2664:Arcadia Publishing
2635:Arcadia Publishing
2618:U.S. Census Bureau
2599:2017-10-24 at the
1655:– spiritual leader
1649:– spiritual leader
1516:anaerobic digester
1457:
1410:
784:(Main Amana) (442)
751:Amana-Gesellschaft
204:Garden of the gods
81:Middle Amana, Iowa
3100:
3099:
2915:Iowa County, Iowa
2477:Amana Society Inc
2389:on March 31, 2018
2290:, pp. 25–26.
2227:, pp. 95–97.
2203:, pp. 93–94.
2179:, pp. 78–79.
2152:, pp. 72–73.
2137:, pp. 70–71.
2041:, pp. 51–52.
2017:, pp. 36–38.
1981:, pp. 28–29.
1957:, pp. 22–23.
1761:Nordhoff, Charles
1635:Amana High School
1540:methane emissions
1251:41.7953; -91.8982
1217:41.8090; -91.8493
1183:41.8074; -91.9654
1149:41.7752; -91.9680
1115:41.8036; -91.9407
1065:41.7600; -91.8706
999:41.8002; -91.8723
889:Barbara Heinemann
828:Origins in Europe
755:Amana Corporation
644:
643:
476:Utopian socialism
362:Communist society
177:Cloud cuckoo land
128:
127:
108:Significant dates
16:(Redirected from
3190:
3023:E.J. Baird House
3007:Indian Fish Weir
2941:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2881:
2829:Travel Itinerary
2809:
2790:
2776:
2757:
2738:
2710:
2691:
2685:
2679:
2658:Hoehnle, Peter.
2656:
2650:
2629:Hoehnle, Peter.
2627:
2621:
2610:
2604:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2437:. Archived from
2427:
2421:
2418:
2412:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2385:. Archived from
2379:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2291:
2285:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1890:on June 12, 2018
1886:. Archived from
1880:
1874:
1869:
1863:
1858:
1852:
1847:
1841:
1836:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1780:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1707:
1665:Joanna E. Schanz
1605:heritage tourism
1482:
1472:
1461:American English
1454:
1432:Great Depression
1348:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1019:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1001:
1000:
995:
991:
988:
987:
986:
983:
966:Kansas Territory
928:movement to the
907:, then from the
743:Great Depression
696:Radical Pietists
654:in east-central
636:
629:
622:
459:Cyber-utopianism
274:Most Great Peace
153:
130:
116:October 15, 1966
98:
72:
32:
21:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3178:German diaspora
3133:Radical Pietism
3103:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3080:
3059:
3043:
3027:
3011:
2990:
2974:
2958:
2942:
2933:
2917:
2908:
2846:Wayback Machine
2816:
2806:
2793:
2779:
2773:
2760:
2754:
2741:
2735:
2722:
2702:
2699:
2697:Further reading
2694:
2686:
2682:
2657:
2653:
2628:
2624:
2611:
2607:
2601:Wayback Machine
2592:
2588:
2578:
2576:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2526:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2482:
2480:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2458:
2454:
2444:
2442:
2441:on May 17, 2012
2429:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2406:
2402:
2392:
2390:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2368:
2364:
2356:
2352:
2344:
2337:
2329:
2325:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2298:
2294:
2286:
2279:
2271:
2267:
2259:
2255:
2247:
2243:
2235:
2231:
2223:
2219:
2211:
2207:
2199:
2195:
2187:
2183:
2175:
2168:
2160:
2156:
2148:
2141:
2133:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2109:
2105:
2097:
2093:
2085:
2081:
2073:
2069:
2061:
2057:
2049:
2045:
2037:
2033:
2025:
2021:
2013:
2009:
2001:
1997:
1989:
1985:
1977:
1973:
1965:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1941:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1893:
1891:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1870:
1866:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1844:
1837:
1833:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1811:
1796:
1783:
1781:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1744:
1742:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1709:
1708:
1701:
1697:
1680:
1643:
1614:
1601:
1548:
1480:Kolonie-Deutsch
1444:
1428:
1419:
1402:
1396:
1383:
1337:
1313:
1277:
1272:
1270:Life until 1932
1250:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1012:
998:
996:
992:
989:
984:
981:
979:
977:
976:
954:Books of Samuel
925:
923:Move to America
913:Engelthal Abbey
842:Lutheran Church
830:
825:
640:
611:
580:Associationists
526:Atarashiki-mura
480:
429:Agriculturalism
410:
406:Utopian studies
334:
288:
199:Fortunate Isles
59:
50:
41:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3196:
3194:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3113:Amana Colonies
3105:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3004:
3002:Amana Villages
2998:
2996:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2966:
2964:
2963:Lenox Township
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2899:
2892:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2836:
2831:
2822:
2815:
2814:External links
2812:
2811:
2810:
2805:978-1587298301
2804:
2791:
2777:
2772:978-1587296857
2771:
2758:
2753:978-1403446473
2752:
2739:
2734:978-1587295645
2733:
2720:
2711:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2680:
2651:
2622:
2605:
2586:
2560:
2532:
2530:, p. 162.
2515:
2490:
2464:
2452:
2422:
2413:
2400:
2374:
2362:
2350:
2335:
2323:
2314:Public Opinion
2304:
2300:Shambaugh 1908
2292:
2277:
2275:, pp. 39.
2265:
2261:Shambaugh 1908
2253:
2249:Shambaugh 1908
2241:
2237:Shambaugh 1908
2229:
2225:Shambaugh 1908
2217:
2213:Shambaugh 1908
2205:
2201:Shambaugh 1908
2193:
2189:Shambaugh 1908
2181:
2177:Shambaugh 1908
2166:
2162:Shambaugh 1908
2154:
2150:Shambaugh 1908
2139:
2135:Shambaugh 1908
2127:
2123:Shambaugh 1908
2115:
2111:Shambaugh 1908
2103:
2099:Shambaugh 1908
2091:
2087:Shambaugh 1908
2079:
2075:Shambaugh 1908
2067:
2063:Shambaugh 1908
2055:
2051:Shambaugh 1908
2043:
2039:Shambaugh 1908
2031:
2027:Shambaugh 1908
2019:
2015:Shambaugh 1908
2007:
2003:Shambaugh 1908
1995:
1991:Shambaugh 1908
1983:
1979:Shambaugh 1908
1971:
1967:Shambaugh 1908
1959:
1955:Shambaugh 1908
1947:
1943:Shambaugh 1908
1935:
1931:Shambaugh 1908
1923:
1901:
1875:
1864:
1853:
1842:
1831:
1820:
1809:
1794:
1752:
1735:"Amana Colony"
1726:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1668:
1667:– basket maker
1662:
1661:– lithographer
1656:
1653:Christian Metz
1650:
1642:
1641:Notable people
1639:
1613:
1610:
1600:
1597:
1584:Goodman Global
1580:microwave oven
1547:
1544:
1443:
1440:
1427:
1424:
1418:
1415:
1395:
1392:
1382:
1379:
1367:cottage cheese
1336:
1333:
1312:
1309:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1260:
1259:
1225:
1191:
1157:
1123:
1078:Johnson County
1011:
1008:
924:
921:
909:Arnsburg Abbey
893:Christian Metz
869:Dutch Republic
850:Philipp Spener
829:
826:
824:
821:
816:
815:
809:
803:
797:
791:
785:
779:
648:Amana Colonies
642:
641:
639:
638:
631:
624:
616:
613:
612:
610:
609:
608:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
576:Organizations
573:
572:
571:
570:
565:
560:
551:
550:
549:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
517:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
490:
487:
486:
482:
481:
479:
478:
473:
472:
471:
466:
461:
451:
449:Social harmony
446:
441:
439:Millenarianism
436:
431:
426:
420:
417:
416:
412:
411:
409:
408:
403:
396:
391:
386:
381:
380:
379:
369:
364:
359:
351:
348:
347:
343:
342:
341:
340:
333:
332:
325:
318:
311:
306:
298:
295:
294:
290:
289:
287:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
234:Kingdom of God
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
185:
184:
174:
169:
163:
160:
159:
155:
154:
146:
145:
139:
138:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
105:
104:
99:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
65:
64:
61:
60:
55:
52:
51:
46:
43:
42:
40:Amana Colonies
39:
36:
35:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3195:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3032:North English
3030:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2940:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2905:
2900:
2898:
2893:
2891:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2875:
2874:Iowa Pathways
2871:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2851:Amana History
2849:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2745:
2744:Uniquely Iowa
2740:
2736:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2689:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2590:
2587:
2579:September 22,
2575:
2571:
2564:
2561:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2462:, p. 29.
2461:
2456:
2453:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2431:"Ox Yoke Inn"
2426:
2423:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2375:
2372:, p. 19.
2371:
2366:
2363:
2360:, p. 16.
2359:
2354:
2351:
2348:, p. 18.
2347:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2333:, p. 22.
2332:
2327:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2273:Hillquit 1903
2269:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2242:
2239:, p. 89.
2238:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2218:
2215:, p. 83.
2214:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2194:
2191:, p. 84.
2190:
2185:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2164:, p. 77.
2163:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2128:
2125:, p. 66.
2124:
2119:
2116:
2113:, p. 61.
2112:
2107:
2104:
2101:, p. 69.
2100:
2095:
2092:
2089:, p. 60.
2088:
2083:
2080:
2077:, p. 59.
2076:
2071:
2068:
2065:, p. 58.
2064:
2059:
2056:
2053:, p. 54.
2052:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2032:
2029:, p. 44.
2028:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2008:
2005:, p. 31.
2004:
1999:
1996:
1993:, p. 30.
1992:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1972:
1969:, p. 27.
1968:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1948:
1945:, p. 22.
1944:
1939:
1936:
1933:, p. 21.
1932:
1927:
1924:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1813:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1795:9783842432888
1791:
1787:
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1774:
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1533:
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1525:
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1496:
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1466:
1462:
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1448:
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1437:
1433:
1425:
1423:
1416:
1414:
1406:
1401:
1393:
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1387:
1380:
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1274:
1269:
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1226:
1221:
1192:
1187:
1158:
1153:
1124:
1119:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1018:
1009:
1007:
1003:
974:
969:
967:
961:
957:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
930:United States
922:
920:
918:
917:communal life
914:
910:
906:
902:
896:
894:
890:
884:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
861:
859:
855:
851:
848:teachings of
847:
843:
839:
835:
827:
823:Early history
822:
820:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
773:
772:
770:
765:
763:
758:
756:
752:
748:
747:Amana Society
744:
740:
739:local economy
735:
733:
732:communal life
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
660:United States
657:
653:
649:
637:
632:
630:
625:
623:
618:
617:
615:
614:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
585:Anthroposophs
583:
581:
578:
577:
575:
574:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
555:
553:
552:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
536:Huaxi Village
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
523:
522:
519:
518:
515:
512:
510:
509:Pirate utopia
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
491:
489:
488:
483:
477:
474:
470:
469:Transhumanism
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
456:
455:
454:Technological
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
421:
419:
418:
413:
407:
404:
402:
401:
397:
395:
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390:
387:
385:
382:
378:
375:
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368:
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360:
358:
357:
353:
352:
350:
349:
344:
339:
336:
335:
331:
330:
326:
324:
323:
319:
317:
316:
312:
310:
307:
305:
304:
300:
299:
297:
296:
291:
285:
282:
280:
279:New Jerusalem
277:
275:
272:
270:
269:Mount Penglai
267:
265:
262:
260:
259:Merry England
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
183:
180:
179:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
164:
162:
161:
156:
152:
148:
147:
144:
140:
136:
132:
131:
124:June 23, 1965
123:
119:
115:
113:Added to NRHP
111:
106:
103:
100:
93:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
71:
66:
62:
58:
53:
49:
44:
37:
33:
27:
19:
3086:
3064:Williamsburg
3001:
2995:Middle Amana
2873:
2826:
2795:
2785:
2762:
2743:
2724:
2715:
2705:
2683:
2659:
2654:
2630:
2625:
2608:
2589:
2577:. Retrieved
2573:
2563:
2553:December 10,
2551:. Retrieved
2545:
2535:
2508:December 24,
2506:. Retrieved
2502:
2493:
2483:December 24,
2481:. Retrieved
2476:
2467:
2455:
2443:. Retrieved
2439:the original
2425:
2416:
2408:
2403:
2393:February 20,
2391:. Retrieved
2387:the original
2377:
2365:
2353:
2326:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2295:
2268:
2256:
2244:
2232:
2220:
2208:
2196:
2184:
2157:
2130:
2118:
2106:
2094:
2082:
2070:
2058:
2046:
2034:
2022:
2010:
1998:
1986:
1974:
1962:
1950:
1938:
1926:
1914:. Retrieved
1904:
1894:December 11,
1892:. Retrieved
1888:the original
1878:
1867:
1856:
1845:
1834:
1823:
1812:
1785:
1755:
1743:. Retrieved
1738:
1729:
1714:
1633:
1621:Middle Amana
1615:
1602:
1569:
1565:World War II
1549:
1513:
1497:
1488:
1475:Amana German
1458:
1429:
1426:Great Change
1420:
1411:
1408:Amana Church
1388:
1384:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1342:
1338:
1320:
1315:Originally,
1314:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1265:
1261:
1082:
1038:
1028:
1021:
1013:
970:
962:
958:
926:
897:
885:
862:
831:
817:
811:
805:
799:
793:
787:
781:
776:Middle Amana
775:
766:
759:
750:
746:
736:
734:until 1932.
680:Middle Amana
667:
647:
645:
504:Open borders
494:Architecture
398:
384:Pantisocracy
354:
327:
320:
315:The Republic
313:
301:
77:Nearest city
26:
3123:Communalism
3076:Pilot Grove
3016:Millersburg
2574:The Gazette
2503:The Gazette
2460:Webber 2009
2331:Horton 2005
1782:Reprinted:
1507:. When the
1470:Hochdeutsch
1465:High German
1249: /
1215: /
1181: /
1147: /
1113: /
1074:Iowa County
1063: /
997: /
865:Switzerland
788:South Amana
769:2010 Census
724:West Seneca
684:South Amana
668:Haupt-Amana
652:Iowa County
590:Lindisfarne
546:Sustainable
531:Egalitarian
367:Heterotopia
224:Great Unity
18:Amana, Iowa
3107:Categories
2672:1467115401
2643:1467115401
2370:Hoppe 1998
2358:Hoppe 1998
2346:Hoppe 1998
2320:(10): 298.
2288:Hoppe 1998
1745:October 3,
1671:Bill Zuber
1489:Piestengel
1363:pork rinds
1301:Bruderrath
1297:Bruderrath
1293:Bruderrath
1285:Bruderrath
1275:Government
1237:91°53′54″W
1234:41°47′43″N
1203:91°50′57″W
1200:41°48′32″N
1169:91°57′55″W
1166:41°48′27″N
1135:91°58′05″W
1132:41°46′31″N
1101:91°56′27″W
1098:41°48′13″N
1089:High Amana
1051:91°52′14″W
1048:41°45′36″N
1039:Heimstätte
1017:Bleibetreu
985:91°52′20″W
982:41°48′01″N
973:Iowa River
867:, and the
812:East Amana
806:High Amana
800:West Amana
767:As of the
688:West Amana
676:High Amana
672:East Amana
595:Millennium
372:Ideal city
293:Literature
264:Mezzoramia
244:Libertatia
219:Satya Yuga
214:Golden Age
209:Shangri-La
3087:See also:
1804:916125595
1777:820708866
1773:697679105
1695:Footnotes
1612:Education
1452:Wilkommen
1355:Küchebaas
1351:Bruderrat
1346:Küchebaas
1303:trustee.
1031:Iowa City
950:Eben-Ezer
905:Ronneburg
838:dogmatism
794:Homestead
764:in 1965.
728:Iowa City
692:Homestead
605:Zeitgeist
377:Sforzinda
182:Cockaigne
2876:, n.d. .
2842:Archived
2783:(1908).
2666:, 2016.
2637:, 2016.
2597:Archived
1763:(1875).
1678:See also
1530:and the
1375:streusel
1321:Werkzeug
1317:marriage
1289:Werkzeug
1010:Founding
934:New York
901:cloister
858:Werkzeug
854:prophets
716:New York
700:Lutheran
485:Practice
434:Escapism
424:Arcology
415:Concepts
254:Mahoroba
249:Mag Mell
229:Ketumati
135:a series
133:Part of
102:66000336
3048:Parnell
2979:Marengo
2445:May 17,
1916:May 21,
1627:are in
1603:Today,
1599:Tourism
1572:freezer
1563:during
1528:Cargill
1520:methane
1485:rhubarb
1394:Worship
1325:divorce
952:in the
942:Buffalo
877:flogged
846:Pietist
840:of the
834:Germany
720:Buffalo
568:Germany
563:Finland
558:America
444:New Man
194:Elysium
167:Arcadia
143:Utopias
2947:Ladora
2922:Conroy
2802:
2769:
2750:
2731:
2670:
2641:
2547:Forbes
2479:. 2019
1802:
1792:
1771:
1629:Tiffin
1588:Maytag
1536:manure
1371:chives
1335:Dining
891:, and
745:, the
708:German
690:, and
541:Nanjie
499:HosPex
346:Theory
322:Utopia
1369:with
1329:widow
1023:Amana
940:near
903:near
881:Hesse
808:(115)
802:(135)
796:(148)
790:(159)
782:Amana
778:(581)
718:near
664:Amana
239:Opona
87:Built
3092:and
2800:ISBN
2767:ISBN
2748:ISBN
2729:ISBN
2688:Home
2668:ISBN
2639:ISBN
2594:Home
2581:2021
2555:2013
2510:2019
2485:2019
2447:2012
2395:2013
1918:2024
1896:2017
1800:OCLC
1790:ISBN
1769:OCLC
1747:2007
1381:Work
814:(56)
656:Iowa
646:The
309:List
284:Zion
189:Eden
90:1855
2913:in
2676:110
2647:108
2616:."
1493:pie
1487:is
1091:) (
1041:) (
1006:).
670:),
600:WSF
514:UBI
97:No.
3109::
2662:.
2633:.
2572:.
2544:.
2518:^
2501:.
2475:.
2433:.
2338:^
2318:39
2316:.
2280:^
2169:^
2142:^
1798:.
1775:,
1737:.
1719:.
1713:.
1702:^
1631:.
1542:.
1526:,
1463:,
1080:.
956:.
757:.
710::
686:,
682:,
678:,
674:,
662::
658:,
137:on
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2889:v
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2775:.
2756:.
2737:.
2678:.
2649:.
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2583:.
2557:.
2512:.
2487:.
2449:.
2397:.
1920:.
1898:.
1806:.
1779:.
1749:.
1477:(
1467:(
1258:)
1224:)
1190:)
1156:)
1122:)
749:(
706:(
635:e
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