3875:
1294:
296:
271:
39:
200:
175:
2601:
315:
332:
253:
235:
157:
1247:, phallacin, phallisacin and desoxoviridin. A Chinese study concluded that this species had the highest mortality rate of all toxic mushrooms in China. It has been estimated that about 50 grams (1.8 oz) of fresh mushrooms contains sufficient toxin to cause the death of a 50-kilogram (110 lb) adult. In March 2000, nine people consumed the mushroom in
1195:
215:
1238:(μg of toxin per gram of dried tissue), the toxins content in the stem was over 3700 μg/g dry weight, whereas the volva had the lowest content of total toxins, with about 1150 μg/g dry weight. Amatoxins content (alpha-amanitin and beta-amanitins especially alpha-amanitin) in the cap, stem or volva of
845:–3 inches) in diameter, initially egg-shaped, then convex but flattening with age, and sometimes slightly depressed at the center. The cap surface is smooth, white, but cream-colored in the center. The margin (cap edge) is non-striate, non-appendiculate (without any
1242:
was higher than that of
Phallotoxins (Phallacidin, Phallisin, Phalloidin and Phalloin), but the content of phallotoxins (especially phallacidin) was gradually higher from cap to stem and to volva. A 2011 study reported the presence of additional toxins
885: in), roughly cylindrical or slightly tapering upward, with apex slightly expanded. The surface is white to whitish, smooth, or sometimes with fibrous small scales. The bulb at the base of the stem is roughly spherical and 1–2 cm (
1270:. However, these toxic peptides can only be obtained from fruit bodies collected from natural habitats, and are consequently expensive. Some success has been reported in extracting peptide toxins directly from the
1282:. Although the toxin concentration in the mycelium is only about 10% of that in fruiting bodies, the authors suggest that is possible to increase the amatoxin production by optimizing the growth conditions.
1004:-(1-methoxycarbonylethyl)guanosine. The discovery and identification of this chemical was the first report of a naturally occurring nucleoside in which an amino acid derivative is bonded through its α-amino
857:
are free from attachment to the stem, white to whitish, crowded closely together, and up to 5 mm in height. The lamellulae are long and tapering, plentiful, and arranged in 2–3 tiers. The
803:. Species of this section share the following characteristics: spores that are not strongly elongated, and never with a cylindrical shape; flesh not reddening upon bruising; lamellulae (short
923:
is near the top of the stem, thin, membranous, white, persistent or may be torn from the stem during expansion of the cap. All tissues of the fruit body will turn yellow if a drop of dilute
420:
are almost entirely two-spored. Eight people were fatally poisoned in China after consuming the mushroom in 2000, and another 20 have been fatally poisoned since that incident.
1074:
differs by its lower placement of the ring on the stem, smaller spores (typically 8–9.5 by 7–8.5 μm), and different structure of the volva. American specimens of
4568:
3642:
1513:
Chi YL, Zhang HY, Xue JH, Hao J, Liu MF, Wei XY (2009). "N-2-(1-Methoxycarbonylethyl)guanosine, a new nucleoside coupled with an amino acid derivative from
4529:
199:
1227:
1593:
1480:
1774:
1463:
4629:
3635:
1251:, and only one survived. Since 2000, another 20 people have died in the southern provinces of China from consuming the mushroom.
1186:. Mushroom fruitings are abundant in the warm spring rains of March and April, although they are also seen in May to July.
3628:
733:
4573:
3401:
1020:
1708:
Deng W-Q, Li T-H, Song B, He J-Y, Mao X-W (2005). "Species of poisonous mushrooms known in
Guangdong Province".
38:
4624:
3351:
2442:
790:
4634:
4425:
3177:
2983:
2933:
2883:
2024:
1340:
1307:
1279:
1115:
1063:
421:
4074:
4619:
4471:
4360:
3800:
3287:
3277:
3137:
2863:
2542:
2472:
2382:
2158:
1994:
1767:
997:
773:
4614:
4380:
4114:
3810:
3750:
3107:
3097:
3067:
3027:
2923:
2733:
2168:
2114:
1964:
1345:
1009:
763:
566:
430:
133:
1166:
4386:
4521:
4084:
4033:
3993:
3740:
3217:
3047:
3017:
2973:
2913:
2853:
2803:
2793:
2562:
2482:
2412:
2218:
2188:
2094:
2084:
2064:
2004:
1954:
1738:
1316:
807:
that do not reach the edge of the cap) abruptly cut off; a well-formed pouch- or sac-like membranous
4446:
4280:
4270:
3973:
3581:
3521:
3441:
3341:
3207:
3167:
3057:
2903:
2833:
2773:
2723:
2629:
2532:
2198:
2054:
1884:
1058:
951:
924:
754:
622:
446:
369:. It is distributed in eastern Asia, and probably also in India where it has been misidentified as
3874:
4306:
4260:
4242:
4222:
4212:
4094:
3770:
3690:
3601:
3461:
3451:
3431:
3321:
3237:
3157:
2873:
2823:
2552:
2492:
2372:
2014:
1814:
1690:
1119:
943:
920:
854:
804:
401:
385:
376:
338:
281:
221:
33:
1568:
1378:
480:. They realized that collections referred to as these European species actually comprised three
4227:
4217:
4581:
4503:
4416:
4350:
4275:
4265:
4237:
4064:
3964:
3780:
3720:
3700:
3511:
3501:
3491:
3481:
3471:
3361:
3331:
3267:
3257:
3227:
3147:
3117:
3037:
2813:
2753:
2669:
2649:
2502:
2422:
2392:
2322:
2312:
2228:
2208:
2138:
2074:
2034:
1924:
1874:
1854:
1760:
1717:
1682:
1639:
1631:
1459:
1436:
1267:
1259:
1222:(phallacidin, phallisin, phalloin, phalloidin) in the three tissues (cap, stipe and volva) of
1111:
828:
674:
648:
394:
240:
1618:
Hu J, Chen ZH, Zhang ZG, Zhang P (2003). "Analysis of the main amatoxins and phallotoxins in
1597:
4609:
4586:
4179:
4167:
4054:
3916:
3760:
3710:
3591:
3571:
3421:
3411:
3381:
3127:
3087:
2713:
2639:
2572:
2522:
2512:
2352:
2278:
2248:
2178:
1974:
1914:
1674:
1526:
1492:
1426:
906:
858:
850:
808:
794:
405:
380:
285:
276:
4340:
4003:
3790:
3730:
3391:
3371:
3247:
3197:
3007:
2943:
2843:
2783:
2689:
2679:
2659:
2600:
2462:
2342:
2332:
2302:
2104:
2044:
1944:
1934:
1864:
1834:
962:, are 27–55 by 10–15 μm, club-shaped, and two-spored (rarely one-spored) unlike most
174:
934:
are spherical or nearly so, rarely broadly ellipsoid, and measure 9.5–12 by 9–11.5
909:
is limbate (has a distinct edge), thin, membranous, with free limb up to 7 millimetres (
4516:
4162:
4152:
4104:
4023:
3297:
3187:
3077:
2963:
2893:
2763:
2582:
2452:
2432:
2362:
2258:
1984:
1894:
1844:
1824:
1744:
1211:
1032:
1019:
by a C-N (carbon to nitrogen) bond. The new compound was determined to be toxic in the
596:
476:
440:
80:
4603:
4157:
4013:
3833:
2953:
2402:
2238:
2148:
1904:
1458:(4th ed.). Königstein im Taunus, Germany: Koeltz Scientific Books. p. 450.
1215:
470:
371:
70:
1694:
4508:
4194:
3899:
3561:
3545:
2268:
1299:
1258:
species have been widely used in biological research as chemical agents to inhibit
1028:
931:
846:
729:
425:
1431:
1410:
783:
word "destructive", and refers to the lethally poisonous nature of the mushroom.
4542:
4301:
4204:
4184:
1530:
1244:
1219:
1134:
492:
is located in the
Mycological Herbarium of Guangdong Institute of Microbiology.
390:
322:
302:
100:
4494:
1379:"Notes on three white Amanitae of section Phalloideae (Amanitaceae) from China"
4296:
4252:
4232:
3620:
1567:
Bhatt RP, Tulloss RE, Semwal KC, Bhatt VK, Moncalvo JM, Stephenson SL (2003).
1289:
1235:
1161:
1024:
1013:
994:
990:
971:
935:
812:
156:
90:
1721:
1635:
4174:
3851:
3846:
1248:
1231:
1175:
1171:
1142:
955:
816:
459:
458:
Zhu-Liang Yang and Tai-Hui Li discovered the species by reexamining various
50:
1686:
1643:
1440:
1411:"Production and characterization of Amanitin toxins from a pure culture of
1230:. The cap had the highest content of total toxins, reaching over 8000
1149:
explain, the material collected by
Dhanchiola in Odisha and identified as
4555:
4488:
4147:
4139:
3856:
3838:
1207:
1036:
1016:
1005:
485:
360:
258:
226:
205:
1194:
974:(slender projections that attach the spores) that are 5–7 μm long.
4547:
4534:
3653:
1784:
1271:
1041:
959:
939:
799:
464:
413:
398:
365:
110:
4560:
4189:
1263:
1179:
1138:
987:
963:
947:
409:
60:
4465:
1658:
1678:
1569:"Amanitaceae reported from India. A critically annotated checklist"
966:
mushrooms which typically have four-spored basidia. The basidia of
1752:
1193:
1183:
1123:
780:
741:
481:
4469:
3624:
1756:
1129:
species, the authors mention several collections identified as
752:
has two-spored basidia similar to the North
American species
1596:. Food Safety Commission, Guangdong Province. Archived from
1174:
tree found only in the southern provinces of China, such as
1153:
has two-spored basidia, and his description matches that of
1160:
Field observations suggest that the mushroom associates
1544:
Dhancholia S (1989). "Noteworthy records of the genus
919: in) in height, and both surfaces are white. The
397:
up to 7 cm (2.8 in) in diameter, a somewhat
1657:
Deng W-Q, Li T-H, Xi P-G, Gan L-X, Jiang Z-D (2011).
1354:, which had its known Chinese range greatly extended.
772:, a four-spored white lethal species from China. The
1409:
Zhang P, Chen Z, Hu J, Wei B, Zhang Z, Hu W (2005).
714:
and related species based on ITS sequence data. The
428:
relationship with three other toxic white
Amanitas:
4478:
4439:
4408:
4399:
4373:
4332:
4323:
4289:
4251:
4203:
4138:
4131:
4046:
3963:
3956:
3947:
3929:
3908:
3893:
3882:
3823:
3682:
3673:
3662:
3554:
3538:
3310:
2996:
2702:
2618:
2608:
2291:
2127:
1803:
1793:
1031:. Other compounds isolated from the fungus include
722:was from the US, and the other species from China.
329:
312:
292:
268:
250:
232:
212:
193:
393:(mushrooms) are white, small to medium-sized with
1078:have more abundant inflated cells than that of
1198:Phallacidin is one of several phallotoxins in
1133:, from various locations in the Indian states
1110:grow solitarily or in groups on the ground in
3636:
1768:
8:
849:remnants hanging along the cap margin); the
762:has a closer phylogenetic relationship with
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
412:mushrooms which typically have four-spored
4466:
4405:
4329:
4135:
3960:
3953:
3905:
3890:
3679:
3670:
3643:
3629:
3621:
3551:
2615:
1800:
1775:
1761:
1753:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
728:In 2005, Zhang and colleagues performed a
173:
155:
24:
1588:
1586:
1430:
1206:The content and distribution of the main
1066:from the United States. In comparison to
954:), thin-walled, smooth, and have a small
383:Phalloideae and related to the death cap
1338:taxa identified in the publication were
736:sequences of several white-bodied toxic
1327:
1479:Yang ZL, Tulloss RE (2 October 2009).
1228:high-performance liquid chromatography
416:(spore-bearing cells), the basidia of
190:
7:
1062:, a species originally described by
1594:"广东常见毒蘑菇之致命鹅膏（致命白毒伞）（剧毒）——广东省食品安全网"
718:specimen was collected from Japan,
541:
534:
527:
520:
513:
506:
499:
424:shows that the species has a close
1027:against a variety of human cancer
484:new to science or the region. The
14:
1456:The Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy
1082:. Two other white Asian species,
811:. All species of Phalloideae are
748:species with white fruit bodies.
740:species. Their results support a
182:... and suspected range in India
3873:
2599:
1292:
468:typically referred to as either
330:
313:
294:
269:
251:
233:
213:
198:
37:
4426:
4417:
4361:
4351:
4341:
4115:
4105:
4095:
4085:
4075:
4065:
4055:
4034:
4024:
4014:
4004:
3994:
3984:
3974:
3917:
3811:
3801:
3791:
3781:
3771:
3761:
3751:
3741:
3731:
3721:
3711:
3701:
3691:
3602:
3592:
3582:
3572:
3522:
3512:
3502:
3492:
3482:
3472:
3462:
3452:
3442:
3432:
3422:
3412:
3402:
3392:
3382:
3372:
3362:
3352:
3342:
3332:
3322:
3298:
3288:
3278:
3268:
3258:
3248:
3238:
3228:
3218:
3208:
3198:
3188:
3178:
3168:
3158:
3148:
3138:
3128:
3118:
3108:
3098:
3088:
3078:
3068:
3058:
3048:
3038:
3028:
3018:
3008:
2984:
2974:
2964:
2954:
2944:
2934:
2924:
2914:
2904:
2894:
2884:
2874:
2864:
2854:
2844:
2834:
2824:
2814:
2804:
2794:
2784:
2774:
2764:
2754:
2744:
2734:
2724:
2714:
2690:
2680:
2670:
2660:
2650:
2640:
2630:
2583:
2573:
2563:
2553:
2543:
2533:
2523:
2513:
2503:
2493:
2483:
2473:
2463:
2453:
2443:
2433:
2423:
2413:
2403:
2393:
2383:
2373:
2363:
2353:
2343:
2333:
2323:
2313:
2303:
2279:
2269:
2259:
2249:
2239:
2229:
2219:
2209:
2199:
2189:
2179:
2169:
2159:
2149:
2139:
2115:
2105:
2095:
2085:
2075:
2065:
2055:
2045:
2035:
2025:
2015:
2005:
1995:
1985:
1975:
1965:
1955:
1945:
1935:
1925:
1915:
1905:
1895:
1885:
1875:
1865:
1855:
1845:
1835:
1825:
1815:
958:. The spore-bearing cells, the
710:Phylogeny and relationships of
4383:(2-amino-4,5-hexadienoic acid)
875: in) by 0.5–1 cm (0–
1:
1659:"Peptide toxin components of
942:(translucent) and colorless,
1432:10.1016/j.femsle.2005.08.049
1114:. It is known only from the
1008:(the nitrogen bonded to the
149:Z.L.Yang & T.H.Li (2001)
1622:, a new species in China".
1531:10.1016/j.cclet.2009.02.008
1226:have been determined using
1021:brine shrimp lethality test
206:Mycological characteristics
28:Guangzhou destroying angel
4651:
1710:Journal of Fungal Research
357:Guangzhou destroying angel
3871:
2597:
1485:Zhu L. Yang and T. H. Li"
1419:FEMS Microbiology Letters
797:Phalloideae of the genus
671:
645:
619:
593:
563:
546:
539:
532:
525:
518:
511:
504:
181:
172:
163:
154:
139:
132:
34:Scientific classification
32:
27:
3405:. excelsa v. spissa
1519:Chinese Chemical Letters
1102:Distribution and habitat
993:that is coupled with an
4630:Fungi described in 2001
3355:. brunneolocularis
2446:. lividopallescens
1098:, but are four-spored.
1064:George Francis Atkinson
1039:formerly found in some
1035:and russulaceramide (a
744:containing four lethal
3181:. ochrophylloides
2987:. volvarielloides
2937:. subpallidorosea
2887:. pseudoporphyria
2028:. parvipantherina
1548:from Orissa (India)".
1341:Amanita oberwinklerana
1203:
1122:. In a 2003 survey of
1084:A. oberwinklerana
1023:, but it did not have
732:analysis based on the
4429:. amerirubescens
4364:. sphaerobulbosa
3804:. strobiliformis
3291:. strobiliformis
3281:. sphaerobulbosa
3141:. magniverrucata
2867:. parviexitialis
2546:. submembranacea
2476:. olivaceogrisea
2386:. fuligineodisca
2162:. calyptratoides
1998:. orientigemmata
1377:Yang Z, Li T (2001).
1347:Amanita subjunquillea
1197:
1088:A. subjunquillea
765:Amanita subjunquillea
431:A. subjunquillea
4118:. subjunquillea
4078:. fuligineoides
3814:. xanthocephala
3754:. multisquamosa
3111:. kotohiraensis
3101:. echinocephala
3071:. cinereovelata
3031:. austroviridis
2927:. subjunquillea
2737:. elliptosperma
2172:. calyptroderma
2118:. xanthocephala
1968:. multisquamosa
1550:Acta Botanica Indica
1344:, new to China, and
1317:List of deadly fungi
1254:Toxic peptides from
1106:The fruit bodies of
982:The fruit bodies of
905: in) wide. The
831:is 4–7 centimetres (
379:, it is a member of
355:, also known as the
4088:. pallidorosea
4037:. virosiformis
3997:. magnivelaris
3744:. ibotengutake
3221:. pyramidifera
3051:. carneiphylla
3021:. atkinsoniana
2977:. virosiformis
2917:. subfuliginea
2857:. pallidorosea
2807:. magnivelaris
2797:. hygroscopica
2566:. umbrinolutea
2486:. orientifulva
2416:. groenlandica
2222:. kitamagotake
2192:. caesareoides
2098:. viscidolutea
2088:. virgineoides
2068:. rubrovolvata
2008:. parcivolvata
1958:. ibotengutake
1076:A. bisporigera
1072:A. bisporigera
1059:A. bisporigera
925:potassium hydroxide
755:A. bisporigera
720:A. bisporigera
462:specimens of white
447:A. bisporigera
363:of the large genus
4381:Allenic norleucine
3977:. bisporigera
3585:. prairiicola
3525:. solaniolens
3445:. flavorubens
3345:. brunnescens
3211:. polypyramis
3171:. ochrophylla
3061:. chlorinosma
2907:. suballiacea
2837:. molliuscula
2777:. griseorosea
2727:. bisporigera
2633:. chepangiana
2536:. sinicoflava
2202:. chepangiana
2058:. roseotincta
1888:. chrysoblema
1454:Singer R. (1986).
1204:
1120:Guangdong Province
1112:coniferous forests
1025:cytotoxic activity
950:when stained with
861:is 7–9 cm (3–
422:Molecular analysis
386:A. phalloides
4597:
4596:
4582:Open Tree of Life
4480:Amanita exitialis
4472:Taxon identifiers
4463:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4395:
4394:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4127:
4126:
4098:. phalloides
3965:Destroying angels
3943:
3942:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3774:. pantherina
3694:. albocreata
3618:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3605:. vittadinii
3534:
3533:
3465:. luteofusca
3455:. franchetii
3435:. flavoconia
3325:. aestivalis
3241:. rhopalopus
3161:. neoovoidea
2877:. phalloides
2827:. manginiana
2595:
2594:
2556:. subnudipes
2496:. pachycolea
2376:. flavescens
2018:. pantherina
1818:. albocreata
1739:Amanita exitialis
1661:Amanita exitialis
1624:Weishengwu Xuebao
1620:Amanita exitialis
1515:Amanita exitialis
1483:Amanita exitialis
1413:Amanita exitialis
1276:Amanita exitialis
1268:protein synthesis
1260:RNA polymerase II
1240:A. exitialis
1224:Amanita exitialis
1200:A. exitialis
1167:Castanopsis fissa
1155:A. exitialis
1108:A. exitialis
1096:A. exitialis
1080:A. exitialis
1068:A. exitialis
986:contain a unique
968:A. exitialis
787:Amanita exitialis
779:derives from the
760:A. exitialis
750:A. exitialis
726:
725:
712:Amanita exitialis
704:
703:
695:
694:
686:
685:
660:
659:
634:
633:
608:
607:
582:
581:
490:A. exitialis
418:A. exitialis
352:Amanita exitialis
346:
345:
195:Amanita exitialis
188:Species of fungus
186:
185:
166:Amanita exitialis
143:Amanita exitialis
125:A. exitialis
16:Species of fungus
4642:
4590:
4589:
4577:
4576:
4564:
4563:
4551:
4550:
4538:
4537:
4525:
4524:
4512:
4511:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4467:
4428:
4420:. rubescens
4419:
4406:
4387:Propargylglycine
4363:
4354:. smithiana
4353:
4343:
4330:
4180:Amanullinic acid
4136:
4117:
4107:
4097:
4087:
4077:
4068:. fuliginea
4067:
4057:
4036:
4026:
4016:
4006:
3996:
3987:. exitialis
3986:
3976:
3961:
3954:
3919:
3906:
3891:
3877:
3844:Other compounds:
3813:
3803:
3793:
3784:. porphyria
3783:
3773:
3763:
3753:
3743:
3733:
3724:. frostiana
3723:
3713:
3704:. crenulata
3703:
3693:
3680:
3671:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3622:
3604:
3594:
3584:
3574:
3552:
3524:
3515:. silvicola
3514:
3505:. rubescens
3504:
3495:. porphyria
3494:
3485:. novinupta
3484:
3475:. nothofagi
3474:
3464:
3454:
3444:
3434:
3424:
3414:
3404:
3394:
3384:
3374:
3365:. canescens
3364:
3354:
3344:
3335:. australis
3334:
3324:
3300:
3290:
3280:
3271:. solitaria
3270:
3261:. smithiana
3260:
3250:
3240:
3231:. ravenelii
3230:
3220:
3210:
3200:
3190:
3180:
3170:
3160:
3151:. mutabilis
3150:
3140:
3130:
3121:. lesueurii
3120:
3110:
3100:
3090:
3080:
3070:
3060:
3050:
3041:. ananiceps
3040:
3030:
3020:
3010:
2986:
2976:
2966:
2956:
2946:
2936:
2926:
2916:
2906:
2896:
2886:
2876:
2866:
2856:
2846:
2836:
2826:
2817:. marmorata
2816:
2806:
2796:
2786:
2776:
2766:
2757:. fuliginea
2756:
2747:. exitialis
2746:
2736:
2726:
2716:
2692:
2682:
2673:. ponderosa
2672:
2662:
2653:. gilbertii
2652:
2642:
2632:
2616:
2603:
2585:
2575:
2565:
2555:
2545:
2535:
2525:
2515:
2506:. pekeoides
2505:
2495:
2485:
2475:
2465:
2455:
2445:
2435:
2426:. islandica
2425:
2415:
2405:
2396:. friabilis
2395:
2385:
2375:
2365:
2355:
2345:
2335:
2326:. battarrae
2325:
2316:. arenicola
2315:
2305:
2281:
2271:
2261:
2251:
2241:
2232:. jacksonii
2231:
2221:
2212:. hemibapha
2211:
2201:
2191:
2181:
2171:
2161:
2151:
2142:. arkansana
2141:
2117:
2107:
2097:
2087:
2078:. velatipes
2077:
2067:
2057:
2047:
2038:. persicina
2037:
2027:
2017:
2007:
1997:
1987:
1977:
1967:
1957:
1947:
1937:
1928:. frostiana
1927:
1917:
1907:
1897:
1887:
1878:. breckonii
1877:
1867:
1858:. armeniaca
1857:
1847:
1837:
1827:
1817:
1801:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1754:
1726:
1725:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1590:
1581:
1580:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1491:. Archived from
1476:
1470:
1469:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1434:
1406:
1391:
1390:
1374:
1355:
1332:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1295:
952:Melzer's reagent
918:
917:
913:
904:
903:
899:
894:
893:
889:
884:
883:
879:
874:
873:
869:
866:
844:
843:
839:
836:
774:specific epithet
567:A. subjunquillea
542:
535:
528:
521:
514:
507:
500:
495:
494:
334:
333:
317:
316:
298:
297:
273:
272:
255:
254:
237:
236:
217:
216:
202:
191:
177:
159:
145:
42:
41:
25:
4650:
4649:
4645:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4625:Poisonous fungi
4600:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4585:
4580:
4572:
4567:
4559:
4554:
4546:
4541:
4533:
4528:
4520:
4515:
4507:
4502:
4493:
4492:
4487:
4474:
4464:
4451:
4435:
4391:
4369:
4311:
4290:Other compounds
4285:
4247:
4199:
4123:
4058:. arocheae
4042:
3939:
3925:
3920:. thiersii
3897:
3884:
3878:
3861:
3819:
3764:. muscaria
3714:. farinosa
3664:
3658:
3649:
3619:
3610:
3595:. thiersii
3575:. nauseosa
3559:
3543:
3530:
3425:. flavipes
3415:. flavella
3385:. elongata
3306:
3131:. longipes
3091:. daucipes
2992:
2717:. arocheae
2698:
2643:. curtipes
2604:
2591:
2576:. vaginata
2526:. rhacopus
2516:. protecta
2356:. ceciliae
2287:
2282:. zambiana
2252:. princeps
2182:. caesarea
2123:
1978:. muscaria
1918:. farinosa
1789:
1781:
1734:
1729:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1603:
1601:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1498:
1496:
1489:Amanita studies
1478:
1477:
1473:
1466:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1408:
1407:
1394:
1376:
1375:
1358:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1298:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1192:
1164:with the plant
1104:
1051:
1049:Similar species
980:
915:
911:
910:
901:
897:
896:
891:
887:
886:
881:
877:
876:
871:
867:
864:
862:
841:
837:
834:
832:
825:
813:ectomycorrhizal
705:
696:
687:
661:
635:
609:
583:
456:
348:
347:
331:
314:
299:
295:
270:
252:
234:
214:
208:
203:
189:
150:
147:
141:
128:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4648:
4646:
4638:
4637:
4635:Fungus species
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4602:
4601:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4578:
4565:
4552:
4539:
4526:
4513:
4500:
4484:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4470:
4461:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4447:Rubescenslysin
4443:
4441:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4412:
4410:
4403:
4397:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4377:
4375:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4357:
4347:
4344:. proxima
4336:
4334:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4293:
4291:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4257:
4255:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4209:
4207:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4144:
4142:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4111:
4101:
4091:
4081:
4071:
4061:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4030:
4020:
4010:
4007:. ocreata
4000:
3990:
3980:
3969:
3967:
3958:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3912:
3910:
3903:
3888:
3880:
3879:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3841:
3836:
3827:
3825:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3807:
3797:
3794:. regalis
3787:
3777:
3767:
3757:
3747:
3737:
3734:. gemmata
3727:
3717:
3707:
3697:
3686:
3684:
3677:
3668:
3660:
3659:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3625:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3598:
3588:
3578:
3567:
3565:
3549:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3518:
3508:
3498:
3488:
3478:
3468:
3458:
3448:
3438:
3428:
3418:
3408:
3398:
3395:. excelsa
3388:
3378:
3375:. citrina
3368:
3358:
3348:
3338:
3328:
3317:
3315:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3294:
3284:
3274:
3264:
3254:
3251:. sculpta
3244:
3234:
3224:
3214:
3204:
3201:. ovoidea
3194:
3184:
3174:
3164:
3154:
3144:
3134:
3124:
3114:
3104:
3094:
3084:
3074:
3064:
3054:
3044:
3034:
3024:
3014:
3011:. abrupta
3003:
3001:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2980:
2970:
2960:
2950:
2947:. veldiei
2940:
2930:
2920:
2910:
2900:
2890:
2880:
2870:
2860:
2850:
2847:. ocreata
2840:
2830:
2820:
2810:
2800:
2790:
2787:. hesleri
2780:
2770:
2760:
2750:
2740:
2730:
2720:
2709:
2707:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2693:. volvata
2686:
2683:. proxima
2676:
2666:
2663:. ovoidea
2656:
2646:
2636:
2625:
2623:
2613:
2606:
2605:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2579:
2569:
2559:
2549:
2539:
2529:
2519:
2509:
2499:
2489:
2479:
2469:
2466:. nivalis
2459:
2449:
2439:
2429:
2419:
2409:
2399:
2389:
2379:
2369:
2359:
2349:
2346:. betulae
2339:
2336:. beckeri
2329:
2319:
2309:
2306:. arctica
2298:
2296:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2275:
2265:
2255:
2245:
2235:
2225:
2215:
2205:
2195:
2185:
2175:
2165:
2155:
2145:
2134:
2132:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2111:
2108:. wellsii
2101:
2091:
2081:
2071:
2061:
2051:
2048:. regalis
2041:
2031:
2021:
2011:
2001:
1991:
1981:
1971:
1961:
1951:
1948:. gioiosa
1941:
1938:. gemmata
1931:
1921:
1911:
1901:
1891:
1881:
1871:
1868:. augusta
1861:
1851:
1841:
1838:. altipes
1831:
1821:
1810:
1808:
1798:
1791:
1790:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1757:
1749:
1748:
1745:Index Fungorum
1733:
1732:External links
1730:
1728:
1727:
1712:(in Chinese).
1700:
1679:10.3852/10-319
1673:(5): 946–949.
1649:
1630:(5): 642–646.
1610:
1582:
1559:
1536:
1525:(7): 830–832.
1505:
1471:
1464:
1446:
1392:
1356:
1334:The other two
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1304:
1303:
1287:
1284:
1280:liquid culture
1266:essential for
1212:alpha-amanitin
1191:
1188:
1151:A. virosa
1103:
1100:
1094:also resemble
1056:is similar to
1050:
1047:
979:
976:
824:
821:
724:
723:
716:A. virosa
707:
706:
702:
701:
698:
697:
693:
692:
689:
688:
684:
683:
680:
679:
670:
667:
666:
663:
662:
658:
657:
654:
653:
644:
641:
640:
637:
636:
632:
631:
628:
627:
623:A. bisporigera
618:
615:
614:
611:
610:
606:
605:
602:
601:
592:
589:
588:
585:
584:
580:
579:
576:
575:
562:
559:
558:
555:
554:
545:
540:
538:
533:
531:
526:
524:
519:
517:
512:
510:
505:
503:
498:
477:A. virosa
455:
452:
441:A. virosa
408:. Unlike most
344:
343:
335:
327:
326:
318:
310:
309:
300:
293:
290:
289:
274:
266:
265:
256:
248:
247:
238:
230:
229:
218:
210:
209:
204:
197:
187:
184:
183:
179:
178:
170:
169:
161:
160:
152:
151:
148:
137:
136:
130:
129:
122:
120:
116:
115:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
81:Agaricomycetes
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
48:
44:
43:
30:
29:
21:
20:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4647:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4620:Fungi of Asia
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4588:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4505:
4501:
4496:
4490:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4468:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4431:
4430:
4422:
4421:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4388:
4385:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4282:
4281:Deoxoviroidin
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4271:Deoxoviroisin
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4250:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4206:
4202:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4134:
4130:
4120:
4119:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4108:. rimosa
4102:
4100:
4099:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4047:Other members
4045:
4039:
4038:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4027:. virosa
4021:
4019:
4018:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3936:unknown toxin
3935:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3876:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3834:Ibotenic Acid
3832:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3661:
3656:
3655:
3646:
3641:
3639:
3634:
3632:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3607:
3606:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3527:
3526:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3301:. westii
3295:
3293:
3292:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3191:. onusta
3185:
3183:
3182:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3081:. cokeri
3075:
3073:
3072:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2967:. virosa
2961:
2959:
2958:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2897:. rimosa
2891:
2889:
2888:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2767:. gayana
2761:
2759:
2758:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2588:
2587:
2586:. velosa
2580:
2578:
2577:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2456:. mairei
2450:
2448:
2447:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2436:. liquii
2430:
2428:
2427:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2366:. crocea
2360:
2358:
2357:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2262:. spreta
2256:
2254:
2253:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1988:. nehuta
1982:
1980:
1979:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1898:. diemii
1892:
1890:
1889:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1848:. aprica
1842:
1840:
1839:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1828:. aliena
1822:
1820:
1819:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1786:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1704:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1663:basidiocarps"
1662:
1653:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1611:
1600:on 2011-07-20
1599:
1595:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1563:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1540:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1509:
1506:
1495:on 2011-07-16
1494:
1490:
1486:
1484:
1475:
1472:
1467:
1465:3-87429-254-1
1461:
1457:
1450:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1414:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1216:beta-amanitin
1213:
1209:
1201:
1196:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1162:mycorrhizally
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1131:A. verna
1128:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1116:type locality
1113:
1109:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
996:
992:
989:
985:
977:
975:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
928:
926:
922:
908:
860:
856:
852:
848:
830:
822:
820:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
801:
796:
792:
788:
784:
782:
778:
775:
771:
770:
766:
761:
757:
756:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
721:
717:
713:
709:
708:
700:
699:
691:
690:
682:
681:
678:
677:
676:
669:
668:
665:
664:
656:
655:
652:
651:
650:
643:
642:
639:
638:
630:
629:
626:
625:
624:
617:
616:
613:
612:
604:
603:
600:
599:
598:
591:
590:
587:
586:
578:
577:
574:
573:
569:
568:
561:
560:
557:
556:
553:
552:
551:
544:
543:
537:
536:
530:
529:
523:
522:
516:
515:
509:
508:
502:
501:
497:
496:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
478:
473:
472:
471:A. verna
467:
466:
461:
453:
451:
449:
448:
443:
442:
437:
433:
432:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
400:
396:
392:
388:
387:
382:
378:
374:
373:
372:A. verna
368:
367:
362:
358:
354:
353:
342:
341:
337:Edibility is
336:
328:
325:
324:
319:
311:
308:
304:
301:
291:
288:
287:
283:
278:
275:
267:
264:
260:
257:
249:
246:
242:
239:
231:
228:
224:
223:
219:
211:
207:
201:
196:
192:
180:
176:
171:
168:in China ...
167:
162:
158:
153:
146:
144:
138:
135:
134:Binomial name
131:
127:
126:
121:
118:
117:
114:
113:
109:
106:
105:
102:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
85:
82:
79:
76:
75:
72:
71:Basidiomycota
69:
66:
65:
62:
59:
56:
55:
52:
49:
46:
45:
40:
35:
31:
26:
23:
19:
4615:Deadly fungi
4479:
4424:
4415:
4400:
4359:
4349:
4339:
4324:
4205:Phallotoxins
4195:Proamanullin
4113:
4103:
4093:
4083:
4073:
4063:
4053:
4032:
4022:
4017:. verna
4012:
4002:
3992:
3983:
3982:
3972:
3948:
3915:
3900:Saproamanita
3894:
3885:
3843:
3830:
3809:
3799:
3789:
3779:
3769:
3759:
3749:
3739:
3729:
3719:
3709:
3699:
3689:
3674:
3665:
3652:
3600:
3590:
3580:
3570:
3562:Saproamanita
3556:
3546:Saproamanita
3540:
3520:
3510:
3500:
3490:
3480:
3470:
3460:
3450:
3440:
3430:
3420:
3410:
3400:
3390:
3380:
3370:
3360:
3350:
3340:
3330:
3320:
3312:
3296:
3286:
3276:
3266:
3256:
3246:
3236:
3226:
3216:
3206:
3196:
3186:
3176:
3166:
3156:
3146:
3136:
3126:
3116:
3106:
3096:
3086:
3076:
3066:
3056:
3046:
3036:
3026:
3016:
3006:
2998:
2982:
2972:
2962:
2957:. verna
2952:
2942:
2932:
2922:
2912:
2902:
2892:
2882:
2872:
2862:
2852:
2842:
2832:
2822:
2812:
2802:
2792:
2782:
2772:
2762:
2752:
2743:
2742:
2732:
2722:
2712:
2704:
2688:
2678:
2668:
2658:
2648:
2638:
2628:
2620:
2610:
2581:
2571:
2561:
2551:
2541:
2531:
2521:
2511:
2501:
2491:
2481:
2471:
2461:
2451:
2441:
2431:
2421:
2411:
2406:. fulva
2401:
2391:
2381:
2371:
2361:
2351:
2341:
2331:
2321:
2311:
2301:
2293:
2277:
2267:
2257:
2247:
2242:. lanei
2237:
2227:
2217:
2207:
2197:
2187:
2177:
2167:
2157:
2152:. basii
2147:
2137:
2129:
2113:
2103:
2093:
2083:
2073:
2063:
2053:
2043:
2033:
2023:
2013:
2003:
1993:
1983:
1973:
1963:
1953:
1943:
1933:
1923:
1913:
1908:. eliae
1903:
1893:
1883:
1873:
1863:
1853:
1843:
1833:
1823:
1813:
1805:
1795:
1783:
1750:
1743:
1737:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1670:
1666:
1660:
1652:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1602:. Retrieved
1598:the original
1576:
1572:
1562:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1497:. Retrieved
1493:the original
1488:
1482:
1474:
1455:
1449:
1425:(2): 223–8.
1422:
1418:
1412:
1386:
1382:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1309:
1300:Fungi portal
1275:
1255:
1253:
1239:
1223:
1220:phallotoxins
1205:
1199:
1165:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1130:
1126:
1107:
1105:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1054:A. exitialis
1053:
1052:
1045:mushrooms).
1040:
1001:
984:A. exitialis
983:
981:
967:
929:
927:is applied.
847:partial veil
826:
815:and contain
798:
786:
785:
776:
768:
764:
759:
753:
749:
745:
737:
730:phylogenetic
727:
719:
715:
711:
675:A. hemibapha
673:
672:
649:A. fuliginea
647:
646:
621:
620:
595:
594:
571:
565:
564:
550:A. exitialis
549:
548:
547:
489:
488:specimen of
475:
469:
463:
457:
445:
439:
435:
429:
426:phylogenetic
417:
391:fruit bodies
384:
370:
364:
356:
351:
350:
349:
339:
321:
306:
280:
262:
244:
220:
194:
165:
142:
140:
124:
123:
111:
22:
18:
4543:iNaturalist
4432:nom. prov.)
4325:Roanokenses
4307:Toxophallin
4302:Phallolysin
4261:Alaviroidin
4243:Prophalloin
4223:Phallisacin
4213:Phallacidin
4185:Amaninamide
3949:Phalloideae
2999:Roanokenses
2705:Phalloideae
2272:. yema
1716:(1): 7–12.
1245:amaninamide
1145:. As Bhatt
1135:Maharashtra
1033:β-carboline
946:(absorbing
938:. They are
853:white. The
823:Description
404:and a firm
323:mycorrhizal
320:Ecology is
303:Spore print
101:Amanitaceae
4604:Categories
4297:Antamanide
4253:Virotoxins
4233:Phalloidin
3651:Poisonous
1604:2010-05-03
1579:: 249–270.
1556:: 279–282.
1499:2010-04-30
1323:References
1236:dry weight
1029:cell lines
1014:nucleobase
998:derivative
995:amino acid
991:nucleoside
972:sterigmata
791:classified
91:Agaricales
67:Division:
4440:Compounds
4374:Compounds
4228:Phallisin
4218:Phallacin
4175:Amanullin
4148:Amanitins
4140:Amatoxins
4132:Compounds
3930:Compounds
3895:Lepidella
3886:Amanitina
3857:Amavadine
3852:Muscazone
3847:Muscarine
3824:Compounds
3657:mushrooms
3557:Lepidella
3541:Lepidella
3539:Subgenus
2611:Amanitina
2609:Subgenus
2294:Vaginatae
2130:Caesareae
1794:Subgenus
1722:1672-3538
1667:Mycologia
1636:0001-6209
1573:Mycotaxon
1389:: 439–48.
1383:Mycotaxon
1278:grown in
1249:Guangzhou
1208:amatoxins
1176:Guangdong
1172:deciduous
1143:Rajasthan
978:Chemistry
817:amatoxins
777:exitialis
597:A. virosa
460:herbarium
377:poisonous
375:. Deadly
164:Range of
119:Species:
57:Kingdom:
51:Eukaryota
4556:MycoBank
4517:Fungorum
4495:Q2841084
4489:Wikidata
4276:Viroidin
4266:Viroisin
4238:Phalloin
4168:epsilon-
3883:Subgenus
3839:Muscimol
3663:Subgenus
3555:Section
3311:Section
2997:Section
2703:Section
2621:Amidella
2619:Section
2292:Section
2128:Section
1804:Section
1695:21838589
1687:21471295
1644:16281563
1441:16198510
1308:List of
1286:See also
1190:Toxicity
1037:ceramide
1017:aglycone
1010:α-carbon
1006:nitrogen
956:apiculus
486:holotype
454:Taxonomy
361:mushroom
259:Hymenium
227:hymenium
97:Family:
47:Domain:
4610:Amanita
4548:1376552
4535:5452714
4409:Species
4401:Validae
4333:Species
3957:Species
3909:Species
3831:Toxins:
3683:Species
3675:Amanita
3666:Amanita
3654:Amanita
3313:Validae
1806:Amanita
1796:Amanita
1788:species
1785:Amanita
1546:Amanita
1336:Amanita
1312:species
1310:Amanita
1272:mycelia
1256:Amanita
1127:Amanita
1042:Russula
1012:) to a
960:basidia
944:amyloid
940:hyaline
914:⁄
900:⁄
890:⁄
880:⁄
870:⁄
840:⁄
800:Amanita
795:section
793:in the
746:Amanita
738:Amanita
465:Amanita
414:basidia
399:friable
381:section
366:Amanita
359:, is a
112:Amanita
107:Genus:
87:Order:
77:Class:
4587:353164
4574:262245
4561:467883
4522:467883
4190:Amanin
4163:gamma-
4153:alpha-
1720:
1693:
1685:
1642:
1634:
1462:
1439:
1264:enzyme
1218:) and
1180:Yunnan
1147:et al.
1141:, and
1139:Odisha
1124:Indian
1000:named
988:purine
964:agaric
948:iodine
932:spores
758:, but
410:agaric
389:. The
340:deadly
279:has a
245:convex
4509:5TZF8
4158:beta-
1691:S2CID
1349:var.
1262:, an
1184:Hunan
1090:var.
970:have
907:volva
855:gills
851:flesh
809:volva
805:gills
781:Latin
767:var.
742:clade
570:var.
434:var.
406:volva
307:white
286:volva
277:Stipe
222:Gills
61:Fungi
4569:NCBI
4530:GBIF
1718:ISSN
1683:PMID
1640:PMID
1632:ISSN
1460:ISBN
1437:PMID
1351:alba
1182:and
1170:, a
1092:alba
1086:and
930:The
921:ring
859:stem
827:The
769:alba
572:alba
482:taxa
444:and
436:alba
402:ring
395:caps
284:and
282:ring
263:free
4504:CoL
1742:in
1675:doi
1671:103
1527:doi
1517:".
1427:doi
1423:252
1274:of
1234:/g
829:cap
789:is
734:ITS
474:or
305:is
261:is
243:is
241:Cap
225:on
4606::
4584::
4571::
4558::
4545::
4532::
4519::
4506::
4491::
3898:(=
3560:(=
3544:(=
1689:.
1681:.
1669:.
1665:.
1638:.
1628:43
1626:.
1585:^
1577:88
1575:.
1571:.
1554:17
1552:.
1523:20
1521:.
1487:.
1435:.
1421:.
1417:.
1395:^
1387:78
1385:.
1381:.
1359:^
1232:μg
1214:,
1178:,
1157:.
1137:,
1118:,
1070:,
936:μm
819:.
450:.
438:,
4427:A
4423:(
4418:A
4362:A
4352:A
4342:A
4116:A
4106:A
4096:A
4086:A
4076:A
4066:A
4056:A
4035:A
4025:A
4015:A
4005:A
3995:A
3985:A
3975:A
3918:A
3902:)
3812:A
3802:A
3792:A
3782:A
3772:A
3762:A
3752:A
3742:A
3732:A
3722:A
3712:A
3702:A
3692:A
3644:e
3637:t
3630:v
3603:A
3593:A
3583:A
3573:A
3564:)
3548:)
3523:A
3513:A
3503:A
3493:A
3483:A
3473:A
3463:A
3453:A
3443:A
3433:A
3423:A
3413:A
3403:A
3393:A
3383:A
3373:A
3363:A
3353:A
3343:A
3333:A
3323:A
3299:A
3289:A
3279:A
3269:A
3259:A
3249:A
3239:A
3229:A
3219:A
3209:A
3199:A
3189:A
3179:A
3169:A
3159:A
3149:A
3139:A
3129:A
3119:A
3109:A
3099:A
3089:A
3079:A
3069:A
3059:A
3049:A
3039:A
3029:A
3019:A
3009:A
2985:A
2975:A
2965:A
2955:A
2945:A
2935:A
2925:A
2915:A
2905:A
2895:A
2885:A
2875:A
2865:A
2855:A
2845:A
2835:A
2825:A
2815:A
2805:A
2795:A
2785:A
2775:A
2765:A
2755:A
2745:A
2735:A
2725:A
2715:A
2691:A
2681:A
2671:A
2661:A
2651:A
2641:A
2631:A
2584:A
2574:A
2564:A
2554:A
2544:A
2534:A
2524:A
2514:A
2504:A
2494:A
2484:A
2474:A
2464:A
2454:A
2444:A
2434:A
2424:A
2414:A
2404:A
2394:A
2384:A
2374:A
2364:A
2354:A
2344:A
2334:A
2324:A
2314:A
2304:A
2280:A
2270:A
2260:A
2250:A
2240:A
2230:A
2220:A
2210:A
2200:A
2190:A
2180:A
2170:A
2160:A
2150:A
2140:A
2116:A
2106:A
2096:A
2086:A
2076:A
2066:A
2056:A
2046:A
2036:A
2026:A
2016:A
2006:A
1996:A
1986:A
1976:A
1966:A
1956:A
1946:A
1936:A
1926:A
1916:A
1906:A
1896:A
1886:A
1876:A
1866:A
1856:A
1846:A
1836:A
1826:A
1816:A
1776:e
1769:t
1762:v
1724:.
1714:3
1697:.
1677::
1646:.
1607:.
1533:.
1529::
1502:.
1481:"
1468:.
1443:.
1429::
1415:"
1210:(
1202:.
1002:N
916:4
912:1
902:4
898:3
895:–
892:2
888:1
882:2
878:1
872:2
868:1
865:+
863:3
842:2
838:1
835:+
833:1
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
