88:
63:, apparently based only on the resemblance of their names. John Hann states that relationship is incorrect. The Amacano language is believed to be the same as, or closely related to, the Chacato language, as are the languages of other peoples that lived in the Florida Panhandle west of Apalachee Province in the 17th century, including the Chine, Pacara, and Pensacola people. All of those peoples were likely descended from people of the
143:
Province. They requested a mission, but the
Spanish missionaries were short-handed. The Amacanos built a church and convent (residence for a missionary) in anticipation of receiving a missionary. There is one report of a possible mission to the Amacanos in 1635, but no later mention in Spanish records of such a mission.
188:
The Chines, along with the
Amacanos and Pacaras, may have moved more than once after 1675. A mission of "San Pedro de los Chines" is on a mission list from 1680. A mission named "San Antonio de Chines" was listed in 1694, which Hann says may be the result of a move to a location closer to San Luis. A
142:
The
Amacanos may have moved closer to Apalachee Province when Spanish missionaries first arrived to establish missions in 1633, although Hall thinks they were always close to the province. The Amacanos contacted the Spanish missionaries shortly after missions were first established in Apalachee
177:) was founded in Chaccabi in April, 1674, to serve the Amacano, Chine, and Pacara people of the town, who were gradually being converted to Christianity. The three peoples of Chaccabi had apparently moved to a new site known as "the place of the Chines" by the next year, when
185:, founded the mission of Assumpcíon del Puerto on February 2, 1675 to serve them. That mission does not appear in Spanish records after 1675. The mission, identified as "Assumpcíon de Nuestra Señora", was reported to have 300 residents in 1675, which may be an undercount.
130:
in the
Suwannee Valley, and Apalachee Province. The coast between Tampa Bay and Apalachee Province has been traditionally identified as inhabited by the Timucua; Milanich suggests that the boundaries of the Timucua reached Florida's west coast only at a few points.
161:
The
Amacano next appeared in Spanish records in 1674, when they were recorded living in association with Chine and Pacara people in the town of Chaccabi in the southern part of Apalachee Province near
291:
Hann places the new mission of
Assumpcíon del Puerto at just six leagues from San Luis, on the road to the coast. A map in Gannon shows the mission in the northwest part of Apalachee Province.
150:. That year, Amacano canoes met Spanish supply ships at the mouth of the Apalachicola River, and guided them towards Apalachee Province, but stopped before reaching Apalachee. In 1638,
110:. Hann (2006) states that the Amacanos lived on the coast south and southeast of Apalachee in 1633. John Worth suggests that the Amacano lived along the Florida coast between the
165:. The three people were described as allies, speaking the same language, but as separate "nations". The Chine were probably the most numerous of the three peoples in Chaccabi.
234:, the main port for Apalachee Province. Hann also argues that Chaccabi was on the Rio Chachave that is on a 1683 Spanish map, on the western end of Apalachee Bay between the
134:
The
Amacano were said to be a small nation, and so likely occupied only a small territory, though they may have migrated or relocated in the 17th or 16th centuries.
182:
245:
807:
802:
775:
727:
706:
668:
230:. John Hann argues that the uncertainty about the distance expressed in the Spanish account indicates that Chaccabi was not on the road to
126:
of Tampa Bay to make peace with the
Amacano, which suggests that the Amacano were living on the coast between the Pojoy on Tampa Bay, the
746:
687:
551:
178:
154:, governor of Spanish Florida, sent Sergeant-Major Antonio de Herrerra López y Mesa to negotiate peace among the Apalachee,
151:
103:
223:
44:
539:
95:
561:
Geiger, Maynard (1940). "Biographical
Dictionary of the Franciscans in Spanish Florida and Cuba (1528-1841)".
98:
says the
Amacanos lived west of Apalachee Province, as do John Hann and Bonnie McEwan (1998) and Joseph Hall.
226:, the capital of Apalachee Province, to the sea. The distance from San Luis was given as about ten or eleven
119:
31:
during the 17th century. They are believed to have been related to, and spoken the same language as, the
155:
205:
This section of coast largely overlaps what is now known as the Big Bend Coast, extending from the
64:
781:
647:
639:
606:
570:
231:
147:
99:
76:
68:
24:
146:
By 1637 the Amacano were reported to be living west of Apalachee Province, at the mouth of the
771:
742:
723:
702:
683:
664:
598:
547:
239:
206:
763:
631:
40:
235:
28:
72:
189:
census in 1681 counted 158 adults. A list in 1689 gave the population as 30 families.
796:
651:
227:
162:
111:
56:
36:
87:
717:
759:
The Timucuan Chiefdoms of Spanish Florida: Volume II: Resistance and Destruction
583:
210:
43:
peoples. The Amacano were served, together with other peoples, by a series of
602:
261:
247:
785:
757:
115:
107:
618:
Hann, John H. (April 1990). "Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and
767:
60:
610:
574:
643:
127:
32:
635:
123:
86:
622:
with Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries".
23:
were a native American people who lived in the vicinity of
584:"Confederacy Formation on the Fringes of Spanish Florida"
374:
372:
701:(paperback ed.). University Press of Florida.
242:. Hann identifies Rio Chachave with Spring Creek (
222:Chaccabi was described as being on the road from
102:suggests that the Amacanos were from the lower
741:. Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 166.
173:A mission dedicated to St. Peter the Apostle (
47:during the last quarter of the 17th century.
8:
699:Florida Indians and the Invasion from Europe
680:The Apalachee Indians and Mission San Luis
661:The Native American World Beyond Apalachee
438:
331:
678:Hann, John H.; McEwan, Bonnie G. (1998).
55:The origins of the Amacanos are obscure.
466:
351:
339:
91:Possible locations of the Amacano people
304:
198:
498:
494:
478:
323:
363:
7:
569:(21): V–IX, XI–XII, 1–117, 119–140.
522:
518:
506:
502:
482:
462:
450:
426:
414:
402:
390:
378:
335:
327:
311:
739:Laboring in the Fields of the Lord
118:. In 1628 or 1629, the Spanish in
14:
808:Native American tribes in Florida
546:. University Presses of Florida.
106:in west central Florida north of
803:Extinct Native American peoples
762:. University Press of Florida.
682:. University Press of Florida.
663:. University Press of Florida.
158:, Amacano and Chacato peoples.
1:
314:, pp. 11, 20–21, 24, 43.
152:Damian de Vega Castro y Pardo
737:Milanich, Jerald T. (1999).
716:Milanich, Jerald T. (1996).
697:Milanich, Jerald T. (1995).
79:Valley, and in points west.
16:Indigenous people of Florida
273:Spring Creek (Rio Chachave)
59:classified the Amacanos as
824:
179:Gabriel Díaz Vara Calderón
481:, map following page 64;
756:Worth, John E. (1998).
659:Hann, John H. (2006).
465:, pp. 23–24, 26;
439:Hann & McEwan 1998
332:Hann & McEwan 1998
92:
591:Mediterranean Studies
582:Hall, Joseph (2000).
544:The Cross in the Sand
90:
768:10.2307/j.ctv18x4j2b
521:, pp. 491–492;
505:, pp. 490–491;
330:, pp. 134–136;
67:who lived along the
381:, pp. 134–136.
257: /
104:Withlacoochee River
65:Fort Walton culture
563:Franciscan Studies
540:Gannon, Michael V.
338:, pp. 20–22;
148:Apalachicola river
100:Jerald T. Milanich
93:
77:Apalachicola River
25:Apalachee Province
777:978-0-8130-1575-0
729:978-1-55786-488-8
708:978-0-8130-1636-8
670:9-780-8130-2982-5
393:, pp. 20–21.
240:Ocklockonee River
207:Ocklockonee River
815:
789:
752:
733:
712:
693:
674:
655:
614:
588:
578:
557:
526:
516:
510:
509:, p. 24–26.
492:
486:
476:
470:
460:
454:
448:
442:
436:
430:
424:
418:
412:
406:
400:
394:
388:
382:
376:
367:
361:
355:
349:
343:
321:
315:
309:
292:
289:
283:
281:
280:
278:
277:
276:
274:
269:
268:
263:
258:
255:
254:
253:
250:
220:
214:
203:
183:Santiago de Cuba
45:Spanish missions
823:
822:
818:
817:
816:
814:
813:
812:
793:
792:
778:
755:
749:
736:
730:
715:
709:
696:
690:
677:
671:
658:
636:10.2307/1006866
617:
586:
581:
560:
554:
538:
535:
530:
529:
517:
513:
501:, p. 130;
493:
489:
477:
473:
461:
457:
449:
445:
437:
433:
425:
421:
413:
409:
401:
397:
389:
385:
377:
370:
362:
358:
350:
346:
334:, p. 141;
322:
318:
310:
306:
301:
296:
295:
290:
286:
272:
270:
266:
264:
262:30.08°N 84.33°W
260:
259:
256:
251:
248:
246:
244:
243:
236:St. Marks River
221:
217:
204:
200:
195:
171:
140:
85:
53:
29:Spanish Florida
17:
12:
11:
5:
821:
819:
811:
810:
805:
795:
794:
791:
790:
776:
753:
747:
734:
728:
713:
707:
694:
688:
675:
669:
656:
630:(4): 417–513.
615:
579:
558:
552:
534:
531:
528:
527:
511:
497:, p. 63;
487:
471:
455:
443:
431:
419:
417:, p. 135.
407:
395:
383:
368:
356:
344:
342:, p. 166.
326:, p. 63;
316:
303:
302:
300:
297:
294:
293:
284:
215:
197:
196:
194:
191:
170:
167:
139:
138:Early contacts
136:
122:pressured the
96:Michael Gannon
84:
81:
73:Gulf of Mexico
69:Big Bend Coast
52:
49:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
820:
809:
806:
804:
801:
800:
798:
787:
783:
779:
773:
769:
765:
761:
760:
754:
750:
748:1-56098-940-8
744:
740:
735:
731:
725:
721:
720:
714:
710:
704:
700:
695:
691:
689:0-8130-1564-2
685:
681:
676:
672:
666:
662:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
585:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
559:
555:
553:0-8130-0776-3
549:
545:
541:
537:
536:
532:
525:, p. 25.
524:
520:
515:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
491:
488:
485:, p. 26.
484:
480:
475:
472:
469:, p. 96.
468:
467:Milanich 1995
464:
459:
456:
453:, p. 26.
452:
447:
444:
441:, p. 34.
440:
435:
432:
429:, p. 20.
428:
423:
420:
416:
411:
408:
405:, p. 23.
404:
399:
396:
392:
387:
384:
380:
375:
373:
369:
365:
360:
357:
353:
352:Milanich 1996
348:
345:
341:
340:Milanich 1999
337:
333:
329:
325:
320:
317:
313:
308:
305:
298:
288:
285:
279:
267:30.08; -84.33
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
219:
216:
212:
208:
202:
199:
192:
190:
186:
184:
180:
176:
168:
166:
164:
163:Apalachee Bay
159:
157:
153:
149:
144:
137:
135:
132:
129:
125:
121:
120:St. Augustine
117:
113:
112:Aucilla river
109:
105:
101:
97:
89:
82:
80:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
50:
48:
46:
42:
39:, Pacara and
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
786:j.ctv18x4j2b
758:
738:
718:
698:
679:
660:
627:
624:The Americas
623:
619:
594:
590:
566:
562:
543:
514:
490:
474:
458:
446:
434:
422:
410:
398:
386:
359:
347:
319:
307:
287:
218:
201:
187:
181:, bishop of
174:
172:
160:
156:Apalachicola
145:
141:
133:
94:
57:John Swanton
54:
20:
18:
597:: 123–141.
499:Geiger 1940
495:Gannon 1965
479:Gannon 1965
324:Gannon 1965
265: /
211:Anclote Key
797:Categories
722:. VNR AG.
364:Worth 1998
299:References
271: (
232:San Marcos
652:147329347
603:1074-164X
523:Hann 2006
519:Hann 1990
507:Hann 2006
503:Hann 1990
483:Hann 2006
463:Hann 2006
451:Hann 2006
427:Hann 2006
415:Hall 2000
403:Hann 2006
391:Hann 2006
379:Hall 2000
336:Hann 2006
328:Hall 2000
312:Hann 2006
175:San Pedro
116:Tampa Bay
108:Tampa Bay
75:, in the
41:Pensacola
611:41166915
575:43900081
542:(1965).
238:and the
224:San Luis
169:Missions
83:Location
61:Yamassee
21:Amacanos
719:Timucua
644:1006866
620:Visitas
533:Sources
252:84°20′W
249:30°05′N
228:leagues
128:Timucua
71:of the
51:Origins
33:Chacato
784:
774:
745:
726:
705:
686:
667:
650:
642:
609:
601:
573:
550:
782:JSTOR
648:S2CID
640:JSTOR
607:JSTOR
587:(PDF)
571:JSTOR
193:Notes
124:Pohoy
37:Chine
772:ISBN
743:ISBN
724:ISBN
703:ISBN
684:ISBN
665:ISBN
599:ISSN
548:ISBN
114:and
19:The
764:doi
632:doi
209:to
27:in
799::
780:.
770:.
646:.
638:.
628:46
626:.
605:.
593:.
589:.
567:21
565:.
371:^
282:).
35:,
788:.
766::
751:.
732:.
711:.
692:.
673:.
654:.
634::
613:.
595:9
577:.
556:.
366:.
354:.
275:)
213:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
