455:
heterogeneous
Egyptian social scene. The clearly defined divisions, along religious lines, of the Syrian countryside did not operate in Egypt. During the period when she was married to her cousin, Hassan, and then later in 1941, when she remarried him and returned to Egypt, her musical career came to a standstill. When the marriage first broke up, she left for Egypt immediately, even before she had obtained the bill of divorce. With her return to Egypt and a singing career, she finally repudiated "respectability" by appearing onscreen (she had not appeared in "Layla Majun" but her voice is featured) leaving both her relatives and Syrian Druze society furious. When her first film,
1754:
364:
472:
438:; Qasabgi comments however on the mature level of her sight reading and musicality by the time she performed his work, some years later. However, her brothers wanted her to marry and return to Syria. Her cousin, Hassan al-Atrash travelled to Egypt, bringing with him a different cousin interested in Asmahan, however, once Hassan, who had already married five times, saw Asmahan, he pursued her and she returned to Syria for at least four years, interrupting her musical career.
513:, Jerusalem where wild rumours attached to her behaviour and overspending. Her third and final marriage was to the Egyptian director Ahmed Salem, supposedly to facilitate her return to Egypt over impositions by government authorities. It is unclear how that would occur, however, and she had an ongoing studio contract in Egypt. Asmahan was close friends with the al Othman family and met with them when she travelled to Haifa, Palestine, when they helped her.
540:, to clarify her ancestry — once saying to al-Taba'i, after he had just insulted her, "Don't you know who I am? Why I am the daughter of Fahd al-Atrash and cousin to the Amir al-Atrash and the Druze revolutionary hero Sultan al-Atrash. Asmahan was not a first cousin of Hassan's, but referred to him as "ibn 'ammi" to the Egyptians, in fact, she was his second cousin, twice removed (by generation).
1740:
1782:
554:
50:
1796:
451:. When asked to sing about cultural patriotism and love, she sang of Egypt." Since singers and studios depended on the elites, Asmahan had to sing songs on uplifting nationalist themes or in praise of the Egyptian royal family. At the beginning of her career she sang in the nightclub owned by Mary Mansour, Sala Masriyya.
1768:
508:
In 1941, she returned to Syria in a dramatic and secret journey under the auspices of the
British. Hassan agreed to meet with her, and used the occasion to successfully entreat her to remarry him. During the time they were married, she twice attempted suicide. Tabloid newspapers suggested that this
423:
Amal's vocal talent was discovered at an early age. Once, when her brother Farid received one of Egypt's most famous composers, Dawood Hosni, in their home, the latter overheard her singing in her room, and insisted on seeing her immediately. He then asked her to sing again. He was much impressed by
454:
Asmahan's older brother, Fuad, and other Druze relatives considered a career in entertainment for a girl to be disgraceful. For them, culturally, "Egypt was a planetary distance from the small villages of the Druze." and it was difficult for her relatives to accept
Asmahan's integration into the
633:
Asmahan's voice was powerful, but also agile. She generally sang in her chest register but could use her head register and sing in a very controlled tone. It is not incorrect to say that she was the first or one of the first Arabic singers to use the classical western technique, also very few
718:
These circumstances gave rise to many suspicions, rumours and conspiracy theories. British intelligence, for example, after many reports circulated claiming she had been working for them, was accused of having got rid of her after she had attempted to meet with German agents. The German
532:
but this might be exaggerted. Her brothers, Fuad and Farid, were no longer able to monitor her movements. Her brother was a noted gambler; she and her friends also partied, smoked, drank and gambled. She became very ill for a period, but recordings show that her voice did not suffer.
501:, she told him, "I stood with you for independence and liberation, I did. But, I was created for another purpose. I prefer the work of Farid, and the work of Umm Kulthum, and of art." She returned to Cairo and resumed her singing career, entering a short marriage to Egyptian director
626:(as one can hear in her rendition of "Ya Tuyur" where she reaches a high A with ease and brio). Asmahan's voice has been compared to Fairuz and Sabah. However, as she began her career more than two decades earlier, she had not in fact, adopted the Italian singing technique known as
492:
where the al-Atrash retain a large home, and then built their own home in
Suwayda. Asmahan gave birth to her daughter, Kamellia. Eventually, Asmahan missed her career and her life in Cairo; and in 1939, she and Hassan were divorced. In her final confrontation with her cousin at
699:. Catroux's délégué in Damascus, Colonel Collet, stated that the British gave money to Asmahan (and to other Druze men, in his presence) and sent her to the Jabal to secure the support of the Druze before the Allies' invasion. The same information is stated by
431:. She sang and recorded songs composed by Farid Ghosn, Dawood Hosni, Mohamed El Qasabgi, and Zakariyya Ahmad. At fourteen, Asmahan was invited by an Egyptian record company to make her first album, featuring her first song "Ya Nar Fouadi" by Farid Ghosn.
528:, who suggests that she was in love with him, but the tone of his writing indicates that he was in love with her, but did not respect her. He suggests she had affairs or at least an ongoing relationship with the royal chamberlain
446:
Since
Asmahan sang in Egypt, the lyrics of her songs were written in classical Arabic and in a more colloquial Arabic, but she also sang in the Eastern dialect of Arabic. Asmahan was said to have preciously replicated songs by
687:
in Turkey, but was stopped at the border and sent to
Lebanon. It was also possible that Asmahan needed money because her husband had cut off her expenses, so she may have tried to reach the Germans simply to obtain funds.
630:, but rather learned singing from many admirable models of her own period and in Egypt where a much more diverse group of singers performed, and at a time when Arabic singing utilized both nasal and chest resonance.
459:, was released in Syria, one young Druze shot at the screen when the character played by Asmahan appeared. Asmahan, bi-national or, in contemporary parlance, trans-national by then, had become "a sophisticated
479:
In 1933, Asmahan's cousin, Hassan al-Atrash, came to Cairo and proposed marriage, requesting that
Asmahan abandon her musical career. She agreed on three conditions: that they live in Damascus rather than
750:
and a private investor jointly produced a television series depicting the life (and death) of
Asmahan. The Arabic series debuted during the month of Ramadan in 2008. Asmahan was played by Syrian actress
402:(meaning "courgette") rather than trying to convince school officials that members of the wealthy al-Atrash family were destitute. 'Alia received a monthly stipend from a secret benefactor rumored to be
666:
through their territory, and to convince them they should not fight. The
British and Free French had promised the independence of Syria and Lebanon to all inhabitants on the date of the invasion. The
398:, sang at parties and made some recordings. Asmahan and her brothers attended a French Catholic school. In order to receive waivers for the high cost of tuition, 'Alia registered them under the alias
316:, and Asmahan was born on board. She was named "Amal", meaning "hope". She was also called "Emily", but always preferred the name "Amal". After the French came into power, the family returned to
723:
was also accused of murdering her for the help she had given the
British. Her husband at the time had fought violently with her, and her family's honour had been besmirched by the many rumours.
715:, Egypt. The car was a two-door model and the women were sitting in the backseat. They were presumed to be rendered unconscious and subsequently drowned. The driver, however, managed to escape.
339:
and, despite orders from Fahd, refused to return. Asmahan later recalled her childhood years in Jabal al-Druze as "untouched by anything truly bad". 'Alia and the three children travelled to
250:'s most distinguished singers of the 20th century. Her mysterious death in an automobile accident shocked the public. Journalists spread gossip about her turbulent personal life and an alleged
427:
Asmahan rose to fame quickly: she was not even fourteen (or seventeen, since her birth date is disputed) years old when she was introduced to the public at a concert at the prestigious
394:
Asmahan and her family first lived in an apartment in a humble section of Cairo. Her mother did laundry and sewing to support the family. She had an excellent voice, could play the
351:, and travelled from there to Egypt, where she sought political asylum for herself and her three children; they were later granted the right of political asylum in 1926 by the
1935:
711:
On 14 July 1944, a car carrying Asmahan and a female friend crashed and went into a canal at the side of the road, after the driver lost control near the city of
410:) according to one Egyptian journalist. This allowed her to cover the costs of her children's school's tuition, and a nicer apartment on Habib Shalabi Street.
1890:
1352:
892:
al-Atrash, Majid (2005), Asmahan: Amirat at-tarab was-saif wan-nada (Asmahan: The princess of music, war and grace) al-'Adyat magazine, p.75–77, in Arabic
1910:
1945:
1940:
242:, a then rising star musician in his own right. Her voice was one of the few female voices in Arab music world to pose serious competition to that of
820:
1920:
1925:
1915:
1870:
1834:
1704:
936:
851:
1557:
1900:
1674:
1522:
1460:
867:
516:
Also in 1941, Asmahan met Mohammed Abdel Wahab, Egypt's most distinguished singer and composer, and starred with him in his operetta
1722:
1682:
1567:
1492:
1362:
1235:
691:
Asmahan told Mohamed al-Taba'i that she was to receive the sum of £40,000 from the British for her services to the allies. General
597:
654:) at the request of the British and the Free French. She was on a secret mission to notify her people in Jabal al-Druze that the
1885:
611:
1895:
1905:
1875:
747:
564:
1540:
1308:
1880:
683:
visited Syria. When the Allies failed to carry out their promise for Syrian independence, Asmahan tried to contact the
671:
agreed, even though some groups did not receive word in time and fought the invading forces. After the Allies secured
434:
A variety of teachers advanced her vocal and musical studies. Hosni volunteered to instruct Asmahan on how to play the
1865:
1860:
634:
performers are able to alternate two different styles of interpretation and technique in one song (western and arab).
509:
was so that she could obtain a second divorce from Hassan; however, it seemed he actually agreed due to her visits to
926:
1010:
407:
308:, when he fled the country with his children and pregnant wife. On 25 November 1912, they embarked on a ship from
1930:
1590:
817:
471:
1282:
579:
391:
under the sponsorship of Saad Zaghloul. Many other Syrians and Lebanese were present in Egypt in this period.
726:
Asmahan was buried in Egypt in accordance with her wishes as, years later, were her two brothers, Fouad and
647:
575:
290:
676:
317:
177:
403:
1855:
1850:
235:
363:
352:
1753:
222:
Having immigrated to Egypt at the age of three years old from Syria, her family knew the composer
1818:
659:
348:
227:
1830:
1813:
1718:
1700:
1678:
1563:
1488:
1456:
1358:
1231:
932:
847:
769:
735:
692:
680:
494:
428:
841:
424:
the performance, and suggested the stage name of Asmahan to her. Amal began using that name.
1773:
1429:
781:
752:
537:
536:
Asmahan was proud of her family background, and always mentioned her father and his cousin,
525:
510:
384:
102:
1519:
871:
49:
1544:
1526:
1312:
727:
696:
529:
502:
278:
239:
231:
209:
204:
185:
169:
161:
146:
1632:
387:
were on corresponding terms. According to family accounts, 'Alia was permitted to enter
343:, but, after discovering that the French were searching for them there, they stopped in
1823:
1085:
655:
481:
332:
305:
1844:
1693:
824:
799:
756:
700:
623:
380:
324:
1801:
1745:
1715:
Colors of Enchantment: Theater, Dance, Music and the Visual Arts of the Middle East
684:
651:
643:
448:
255:
223:
112:
1450:
1225:
1787:
1759:
1538:
Baraka, Mohamed. Al-Ahram Newspaper Article. Issue No. 943, 16 - 22 April 2009.
484:, winter in Cairo, and that she would never be required to wear the traditional
376:
243:
913:
1735:
1537:
1305:
1004:
489:
328:
274:
247:
17:
627:
619:
286:
251:
1434:
1415:
755:. On 25 November 2015, Google celebrated Asmahan's 103rd birthday using a
1420:
712:
336:
309:
98:
1809:
720:
297:
282:
122:
731:
340:
313:
301:
216:
189:; November 25, 1912 – July 14, 1944), better known by her stage name
1671:
Images of Enchantment: Visual and Performing Arts of the Middle East
582:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
914:
Prominent Egyptians - Egyptian Government State Information Service
610:
672:
668:
663:
485:
470:
388:
372:
362:
344:
296:
Asmahan's father supposedly served as governor of the district of
270:
267:
126:
1611:
498:
1167:
1165:
1068:
1066:
931:(illustrated ed.), University of Texas Press, p. 72,
335:) was bombed by French forces. 'Alia fled with her children to
289:
clan, well known in Syria for its role in fighting against the
547:
435:
395:
1559:
Architecture for the Dead : Cairo's Medieval Necropolis
1354:
Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia
1416:"Asmahan's Secrets: Art, Gender and Cultural Disputations"
1306:
Baraka, Mohamed. Al-Ahram Weekly. Issue #933. 2009-02-05.
928:
The great Syrian revolt and the rise of Arab nationalism
734:
plain in Cairo, which she and brother Farid, along with
571:
988:
986:
1283:"The lost honor of Farid al-Atrash, Egyptian legend"
868:"Lebanese Army Journal, Issue Number 241, July 2005"
846:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 57.
142:
132:
118:
108:
88:
80:
64:
59:
32:
1692:
1556:Kadi, Galila El; Bonnamy, Alain (1 January 2007).
1322:
1320:
1140:
1138:
524:"). Abdel Wahab introduced her to the journalist,
1487:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 277.
949:
947:
1389:
1338:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1195:
1117:
1105:
367:'Alia and her children after arrival in Egypt
8:
738:, had restored to some of its former glory.
194:
72:
37:
618:Asmahan's noted wide vocal range included
48:
29:
1452:Syria's Quest for Independence, 1939-1945
1433:
1006:Interview with Fuad al-Atrash. Time 4:34.
598:Learn how and when to remove this message
355:, thus naturalized as Egyptian citizens.
1376:
1374:
609:
475:Asmahan with her mother 'Alia al-Mundhir
1695:Asmahan's Secrets: Woman, War, and Song
810:
695:'s representative in Cairo was General
1936:Singers who perform in Egyptian Arabic
1717:, American University in Cairo Press,
1449:Bey, Salma Mardam (1 September 1997).
463:to the young men in the Jabal Druze."
266:Asmahan was born to Fahd al-Atrash, a
1507:
1401:
1326:
1269:
1257:
1212:
1183:
1171:
1156:
1144:
1129:
1072:
1057:
1045:
1033:
1021:
992:
977:
965:
953:
901:
375:, because she knew that Egypt's then
246:, who is considered to be one of the
203:
184:
7:
1224:Moubayed, Sami M. (1 January 2006).
234:. She also sang the compositions of
1891:20th-century Egyptian women singers
843:Historical Dictionary of the Druzes
226:, and she sang the compositions of
195:
165:
73:
38:
1675:American University in Cairo Press
488:. They married and moved first to
25:
1911:20th-century Syrian women singers
285:. Her father came from the Druze
1946:Arabic-language singers of Syria
1941:Arabic-language singers of Egypt
1794:
1780:
1766:
1752:
1738:
1562:. American Univ in Cairo Press.
818:"منزل الفنانة أسمهان بات متحفاً"
552:
1921:20th-century Egyptian actresses
650:(Syria, then under the rule of
327:in 1922, the al-Atrash home in
1520:Classical Arabic Music Website
748:Egyptian Media Production City
304:, during the last days of the
186:[(ʔ)æːmæːllˈ(ʔ)ætˤrɑʃ]
1:
1926:20th-century Syrian actresses
1916:Naturalized citizens of Egypt
1871:Road incident deaths in Egypt
1699:, University of Texas Press,
1351:Shoup, John A. (2011-10-31).
1660:al-Taba'i, Muhammad (2008),
840:Samy Swayd (10 March 2015).
383:and her husband's relative,
371:'Alia chose to immigrate to
1086:"University of Texas Press"
578:the claims made and adding
210:
170:
1962:
1633:"Asmahan's 103rd Birthday"
925:Provence, Michael (2005),
646:, Asmahan returned to the
277:, and 'Alia al-Mundhir, a
1901:Syrian emigrants to Egypt
1579:– via Google Books.
1472:– via Google Books.
1247:– via Google Books.
441:
47:
27:Syrian-singer (1912-1944)
1483:Hanan al-Shaykh (2013).
1414:Zuhur, Sherifa (2000a).
1886:Egyptian film actresses
1713:Zuhur, Sherifa (2001),
1691:Zuhur, Sherifa (2000),
1669:Zuhur, Sherifa (1998),
1662:Asmahan Tells Her Story
1543:August 9, 2009, at the
648:French Mandate of Syria
1896:People from as-Suwayda
1664:, Dar al-Shorouk Press
1435:10.32380/alrj.v0i0.606
1311:July 25, 2009, at the
677:Syria-Lebanon Campaign
615:
476:
368:
325:Adham Khanjar incident
60:Background information
1906:Syrian film actresses
1876:Egyptian Druze people
613:
544:Vocal characteristics
530:Ahmed Pasha Hassanein
474:
408:King–Crane Commission
366:
201:Arabic pronunciation:
182:Arabic pronunciation:
775:Triumph of the Youth
638:Role in World War II
359:Immigration to Egypt
236:Mohammed Abdel Wahab
1881:Syrian Druze people
1230:. Cune Press, LLC.
522:Besotted with Layla
353:Egyptian Government
205:[ʔasmahaːn]
1866:Deaths by drowning
1861:People born at sea
1525:2010-09-12 at the
1392:, pp. 142–146
1341:, pp. 108–109
662:would be invading
660:Free French forces
616:
563:possibly contains
477:
369:
228:Mohamed El Qasabgi
1835:978-0-292-79807-6
1826:Asmahan's Secrets
1706:978-0-292-79807-6
1060:, pp. 42, 44
1048:, pp. 41, 53
938:978-0-292-70680-4
853:978-1-4422-4617-1
782:Gharam wa Intiqam
770:Intisar al-Shabab
736:Abdel Halim Hafez
693:Charles de Gaulle
681:Charles de Gaulle
608:
607:
600:
565:original research
526:Mohamed al-Taba'i
457:Intisar al-Shabab
442:Egypt's influence
429:Cairo Opera House
180:
152:
151:
84:November 25, 1912
16:(Redirected from
1953:
1931:Al-Atrash family
1824:Introduction to
1819:Asmahan fan site
1804:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1790:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1776:
1774:Biography portal
1771:
1770:
1769:
1762:
1757:
1756:
1748:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1727:
1709:
1698:
1687:
1665:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1553:
1547:
1535:
1529:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1369:
1368:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1315:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1260:, pp. 69–70
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1221:
1215:
1210:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1002:
996:
995:, pp. 38–39
990:
981:
975:
969:
963:
957:
951:
942:
941:
922:
916:
911:
905:
899:
893:
890:
884:
883:
881:
879:
870:. Archived from
864:
858:
857:
837:
831:
815:
787:Love and Revenge
753:Sulaf Fawakherji
703:in his memoirs.
642:In 1941, during
603:
596:
592:
589:
583:
580:inline citations
556:
555:
548:
538:Sultan al-Atrash
511:King David Hotel
385:Sultan al-Atrash
238:and her brother
215:), was a Syrian
213:
207:
202:
198:
197:
188:
183:
176:
173:
167:
135:
103:Kingdom of Egypt
95:
76:
75:
67:
52:
42:
41:
40:
30:
21:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1841:
1840:
1829:, a biography (
1800:
1795:
1793:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1772:
1767:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1725:
1712:
1707:
1690:
1685:
1668:
1659:
1656:
1651:
1641:
1639:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1545:Wayback Machine
1536:
1532:
1527:Wayback Machine
1518:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1495:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1325:
1318:
1313:Wayback Machine
1304:
1300:
1291:
1289:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1268:
1264:
1256:
1252:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1211:
1202:
1194:
1190:
1182:
1178:
1170:
1163:
1155:
1151:
1143:
1136:
1128:
1124:
1116:
1112:
1104:
1100:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1071:
1064:
1056:
1052:
1044:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1020:
1016:
1005:
1003:
999:
991:
984:
976:
972:
964:
960:
952:
945:
939:
924:
923:
919:
912:
908:
900:
896:
891:
887:
877:
875:
866:
865:
861:
854:
839:
838:
834:
816:
812:
808:
796:
765:
744:
728:Farid al-Atrash
709:
697:Georges Catroux
640:
604:
593:
587:
584:
569:
557:
553:
546:
503:Ahmed Badrakhan
469:
444:
421:
416:
379:prime minister
361:
264:
240:Farid al-Atrash
232:Zakariyya Ahmad
200:
181:
178:North Levantine
155:
147:Farid al-Atrash
133:
97:
93:
71:
65:
55:
43:
36:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1959:
1957:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1821:
1816:
1806:
1805:
1791:
1777:
1763:
1749:
1733:
1732:External links
1730:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1710:
1705:
1688:
1683:
1666:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1624:
1603:
1591:"صحيفة الثورة"
1582:
1568:
1548:
1530:
1512:
1500:
1493:
1475:
1462:978-0863721755
1461:
1441:
1406:
1394:
1390:Al-Taba'i 2008
1382:
1370:
1363:
1343:
1339:Al-Taba'i 2008
1331:
1316:
1298:
1274:
1262:
1250:
1236:
1227:Steel and Silk
1216:
1200:
1196:Al-Taba'i 2008
1188:
1176:
1161:
1149:
1134:
1122:
1118:Al-Taba'i 2008
1110:
1106:Al-Taba'i 2008
1098:
1077:
1062:
1050:
1038:
1026:
1014:
997:
982:
970:
958:
943:
937:
917:
906:
894:
885:
859:
852:
832:
823:2013-01-11 at
809:
807:
804:
803:
802:
795:
792:
791:
790:
778:
764:
761:
743:
740:
708:
705:
639:
636:
606:
605:
560:
558:
551:
545:
542:
482:Jabal al-Druze
468:
465:
443:
440:
420:
417:
415:
412:
360:
357:
333:Jabal al-Druze
323:Following the
318:Jabal al-Druze
306:Ottoman Empire
263:
260:
171:Āmāl al-Aṭrash
158:Amal al-Atrash
154:Musical artist
153:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
136:
130:
129:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
96:(aged 31)
90:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
70:Amal al-Atrash
68:
62:
61:
57:
56:
53:
45:
44:
33:
26:
24:
18:Amal al-Atrash
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1958:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1792:
1789:
1778:
1775:
1764:
1761:
1755:
1750:
1747:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1724:977-424-607-1
1720:
1716:
1711:
1708:
1702:
1697:
1696:
1689:
1686:
1684:977-424-467-2
1680:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1613:
1607:
1604:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1571:
1569:9789774160745
1565:
1561:
1560:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1516:
1513:
1510:, p. 165
1509:
1504:
1501:
1496:
1494:9780307831132
1490:
1486:
1479:
1476:
1464:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1445:
1442:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1410:
1407:
1404:, p. 115
1403:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1383:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1364:9781598843620
1360:
1356:
1355:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1302:
1299:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1251:
1239:
1237:9781885942418
1233:
1229:
1228:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1132:, p. 216
1131:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1099:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1001:
998:
994:
989:
987:
983:
979:
974:
971:
968:, pp. 38
967:
962:
959:
955:
950:
948:
944:
940:
934:
930:
929:
921:
918:
915:
910:
907:
903:
898:
895:
889:
886:
874:on 2013-11-11
873:
869:
863:
860:
855:
849:
845:
844:
836:
833:
830:
826:
825:archive.today
822:
819:
814:
811:
805:
801:
800:List of Druze
798:
797:
793:
788:
784:
783:
779:
776:
772:
771:
767:
766:
762:
760:
758:
757:Google doodle
754:
749:
741:
739:
737:
733:
729:
724:
722:
716:
714:
706:
704:
702:
701:Edward Spears
698:
694:
689:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
637:
635:
631:
629:
625:
624:mezzo-soprano
622:and dramatic
621:
612:
602:
599:
591:
581:
577:
573:
567:
566:
561:This section
559:
550:
549:
543:
541:
539:
534:
531:
527:
523:
519:
514:
512:
506:
504:
500:
496:
491:
487:
483:
473:
467:Personal life
466:
464:
462:
458:
452:
450:
439:
437:
432:
430:
425:
419:Musical debut
418:
413:
411:
409:
405:
404:"Baron" Crane
401:
397:
392:
390:
386:
382:
381:Saad Zaghloul
378:
374:
365:
358:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
269:
261:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
220:
218:
214:
212:
206:
192:
187:
179:
174:
172:
163:
159:
148:
145:
141:
137:
131:
128:
124:
121:
119:Occupation(s)
117:
114:
111:
107:
104:
100:
92:July 14, 1944
91:
87:
83:
79:
69:
63:
58:
51:
46:
31:
19:
1825:
1802:Music portal
1746:Egypt portal
1714:
1694:
1670:
1661:
1640:. Retrieved
1636:
1627:
1615:. Retrieved
1606:
1594:. Retrieved
1585:
1573:. Retrieved
1558:
1551:
1533:
1515:
1503:
1485:Beirut Blues
1484:
1478:
1466:. Retrieved
1451:
1444:
1425:
1419:
1409:
1397:
1385:
1357:. ABC-CLIO.
1353:
1346:
1334:
1329:, p. 37
1301:
1290:. Retrieved
1286:
1277:
1272:, p. 99
1265:
1253:
1241:. Retrieved
1226:
1219:
1198:, p. 51
1191:
1186:, p. 95
1179:
1174:, p. 98
1159:, p. 54
1152:
1147:, p. 13
1125:
1120:, p. 26
1113:
1108:, p. 82
1101:
1089:. Retrieved
1080:
1075:, p. 82
1053:
1041:
1036:, p. 41
1029:
1024:, p. 39
1017:
1000:
980:, p. 36
973:
961:
956:, p. 81
927:
920:
909:
904:, p. 85
897:
888:
876:. Retrieved
872:the original
862:
842:
835:
828:
813:
786:
780:
774:
768:
745:
725:
717:
710:
690:
652:Vichy France
644:World War II
641:
632:
617:
594:
585:
562:
535:
521:
518:Magnun Layla
517:
515:
507:
478:
460:
456:
453:
449:Umm Kulthoum
445:
433:
426:
422:
399:
393:
370:
322:
295:
293:occupation.
265:
256:World War II
224:Dawood Hosni
221:
208:
190:
168:
157:
156:
134:Years active
113:Arabic music
94:(1944-07-14)
1856:1944 deaths
1851:1912 births
1788:Film portal
1760:Asia portal
1642:25 November
763:Filmography
675:during the
377:nationalist
331:(a town in
281:Druze from
244:Umm Kulthum
166:آمال الأطرش
143:Formerly of
74:آمال الأطرش
1845:Categories
1612:"Homepage"
1508:Zuhur 2000
1455:. Ithaca.
1402:Zuhur 2000
1327:Zuhur 2000
1292:2021-02-18
1270:Zuhur 2000
1258:Zuhur 2000
1213:Zuhur 2000
1184:Zuhur 2000
1172:Zuhur 2000
1157:Zuhur 2000
1145:Zuhur 2000
1130:Zuhur 2000
1073:Zuhur 1998
1058:Zuhur 2000
1046:Zuhur 2000
1034:Zuhur 2000
1022:Zuhur 2000
993:Zuhur 2000
978:Zuhur 2000
966:Zuhur 2000
954:Zuhur 1998
902:Zuhur 2000
806:References
679:, General
572:improve it
495:Mena House
262:Early life
248:Arab world
66:Birth name
1428:: 41–44.
730:, in the
628:bel canto
620:contralto
588:July 2009
576:verifying
497:Hotel in
461:foreigner
349:Palestine
329:al-Qrayya
287:al-Atrash
252:espionage
138:1931–1944
1617:5 August
1596:5 August
1575:5 August
1541:Archived
1523:Archived
1468:5 August
1421:Al-Raida
1309:Archived
1243:5 August
1091:5 August
878:5 August
821:Archived
794:See also
789:"), 1944
777:"), 1941
713:Mansoura
406:(of the
337:Damascus
279:Lebanese
254:role in
99:Mansoura
1810:Asmahan
1654:Sources
1287:Haaretz
1011:YouTube
829:Al-Mada
721:Gestapo
656:British
614:Asmahan
570:Please
298:Demirci
283:Hasbaya
275:Suwayda
211:Asmahān
191:Asmahan
54:Asmahan
34:Asmahan
1833:
1721:
1703:
1681:
1637:Google
1566:
1491:
1459:
1361:
1234:
935:
850:
742:Legacy
732:Fustat
414:Career
341:Beirut
314:Beirut
302:Turkey
291:French
268:Syrian
217:singer
196:أسمهان
162:Arabic
123:Singer
109:Genres
39:أسمهان
1380:Zuhur
707:Death
685:Nazis
673:Syria
669:Druze
664:Syria
486:hijab
400:Kusah
389:Egypt
373:Cairo
345:Haifa
310:İzmir
273:from
271:Druze
127:actor
1831:ISBN
1814:IMDb
1719:ISBN
1701:ISBN
1679:ISBN
1644:2015
1619:2016
1598:2016
1577:2016
1564:ISBN
1489:ISBN
1470:2016
1457:ISBN
1359:ISBN
1245:2016
1232:ISBN
1093:2016
933:ISBN
880:2016
848:ISBN
746:The
658:and
499:Giza
490:'Ara
230:and
89:Died
81:Born
1812:at
1430:doi
1009:on
574:by
436:oud
396:`ud
347:in
312:to
300:in
1847::
1677:,
1673:,
1635:.
1426:88
1424:.
1418:.
1373:^
1319:^
1285:.
1203:^
1164:^
1137:^
1065:^
985:^
946:^
827:,
785:("
773:("
759:.
520:("
505:.
320:.
258:.
219:.
199:,
175:,
164::
125:,
101:,
1837:)
1646:.
1621:.
1600:.
1497:.
1438:.
1432::
1367:.
1295:.
1095:.
882:.
856:.
601:)
595:(
590:)
586:(
568:.
193:(
160:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
