1574:
1859:
1873:
1119:
433:
942:
52:
606:
498:
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534:
397:
361:
678:
570:
40:
1792:
642:
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462:
819:
325:
767:
713:
269:
741:
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297:
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886:
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Hunt, T.; Bergsten, J.; Levkanicova, Z.; Papadopoulou, A.; John, O. St.; Wild, R.; Hammond, P. M.; Ahrens, D.; Balke, M.; Caterino, M. S.; Gomez-Zurita, J.; Ribera, I.; Barraclough, T. G.; Bocakova, M.; Bocak, L.; Vogler, A. P.; et al. (2007). "A Comprehensive
Phylogeny of Beetles Reveals the
1678:
Many tribal groups live in the Amazon Basin, often in relative isolation. It is estimated 400 or more tribal groups have lived in the Amazon Basin for hundreds of years with their own culture, language, and lifestyle. Today total population of Amazon basin is 1.5 million distributed. There are an
1642:. This is a form of extractive farms, where the trees are not cut down. These are relatively sustainable operations in contrast to lumbering or agriculture dependent on clearing the rainforest. The people live in thatched houses shaped liked beehives. They also build apartment-like houses called "
1778:
and adversely impacting soil, water, and air quality. A final part of the deforestation process is the large-scale production of charcoal for industrial processes such as steel manufacturing. Soils within the region are generally shallow and cannot be used for more than a few seasons without the
1565:. In some areas, however, the summer months (June–September) can bring cold snaps, fueled by Antarctic winds traveling along the adjacent mountain range. The average annual temperature is around 25-degree and 28 degree Celsius with little to no distinction between summer and winter season.
1326:
basin, arguably not part of the Amazon basin, has several other cavefish species. The deeper part of the major
Amazonian rivers are always dark and a few species have adaptions similar to cavefish (reduced pigment and eyes). Among these are the knifefish
3834:
1719:
Seasonal floods excavate and redistribute nutrient-rich silt onto beaches and islands, enabling dry-season riverside agriculture of rice, beans, and corn on the river's shoreline without the addition of fertilizer, with additional
1165:
to the basin. The remarkable species richness can in part be explained by the large differences between the various parts of the Amazon basin, resulting in many fish species that are endemic to small regions. For example, fauna in
2622:
Lujan, Nathan. K.; Chamon, Carine. C. (2008). "Two new species of
Loricariidae (Teleostei: Silurifomes) from main channels of the upper and middle Amazon Basin, with discussion of deep water specialization in loricariids".
169:
The Amazon River Basin occupies the entire central and eastern area of South
America, lying to the east of the Andes mountain range and extending from the Guyana Plateau in the north to the Brazilian Plateau in the south.
3841:
3820:
1684:
3827:
3853:
3650:
2398:
Physicochemical characterization of the white, black, and clearwater rivers of the Amazon Basin and its implications on the distribution of freshwater stingrays (Chondrichthyes, Potamotrygonidae).
1182:, fauna in small streams differ from that in major rivers, and fauna in shallow sections show distinct differences compared to that in deep parts. By far the most diverse orders in the Amazon are
2709:
1513:
4091:
3861:
1833:
and thus climate change, as well as hemispheric hydrological systems, serving as an important anchor for South
American climate and rainfall. It also produces 20% oxygen of the Earth."
1066:
species are illegally collected and exported for the international pet trade. Live animals are the fourth largest commodity in the smuggling industry after drugs, diamonds and weapons.
1225:
and often seen in marine waters. In contrast to the giants, there are
Amazonian fish from several families that are less than 2 cm (0.8 in) long. The smallest are likely the
1403:
killifish can jump over land between water sources (sometimes moving relatively long distances, even uphill) and may deliberately jump onto land to escape aquatic predators, and an
1011:
of the Amazon and the sheer number of diverse bird species is given by the number of different bird families that reside in these humid forests. An example of such would be the
3978:
3188:
2850:
Henderson, P.A.; I. Walker (1990). "Spatial organization and population density of the fish community of the litter banks within a central
Amazonian blackwater stream".
188:
The Amazon system transports the largest volume of water of any river system, accounting for about 20% of the total water carried to the oceans by rivers. Some of the
4126:
2983:
1940:
1592:. There are scattered settlements inland, but most of the population lives in a few larger cities on the banks of the Amazon and other major rivers, such as in
79:
covers an area of about 7,000,000 km (2,700,000 sq mi), or about 35.5 percent of the South
American continent. It is located in the countries of
3635:
5400:
5259:
2717:
2013:
3971:
3144:
905:
reaches the ground due to the dense roof of canopy by plants. The ground remains dark and damp and only shade-tolerant vegetation will grow here.
2349:
Stewart D. J.; Ibarra M. (2002). "Comparison of Deep-River and
Adjacent Sandy-Beach Fish Assemblages in the Napo River basin, Eastern Ecuador".
5393:
5279:
3339:
3294:
2754:
1920:
1905:
193:
3032:
893:
Plant growth is quite dense and its variety of animal inhabitants is comparatively high due to the heavy rainfall and the dense and extensive
5388:
5322:
3660:
3079:
2915:
2816:
2442:
2292:
3218:
2522:
Roberts, T.R. (2013). "Leptophilypnion, a new genus with two new species of tiny central
Amazonian gobioid fishes (Teleostei, Eleotridae)".
5383:
5347:
5286:
3329:
2247:
Junk, W.J.; M.G.M. Soares; P.B. Bayley (2007), "Freshwater fishes of the Amazon River Basin: their biodiversity, fisheries, and habitats",
5376:
5371:
5317:
3964:
3437:
1283:. Although the true danger they represent often is greatly exaggerated, the Amazon basin is home to several feared fish species such as
1573:
5245:
4119:
2606:
2581:
2553:
5586:
5327:
4081:
1986:
1391:(these five also occur in "normal" forms of shallower waters). The perhaps most unusual habitat used by Amazonian fish is land. The
2470:
2677:"A new species of Panaqolus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Madeira basin with remarkable intraspecific color variation"
5661:
5342:
5332:
5274:
5252:
5235:
5230:
5149:
3521:
3279:
1562:
31:
2118:
1553:
basin has a low-water season (known popularly as summer), and a wet season (known popularly as winter) during which, the rivers
5352:
5181:
5047:
4961:
4911:
3213:
2644:"Three new species of the armored catfish genus Loricaria (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from river channels of the Amazon basin"
2498:
1910:
3801:
2414:
5296:
3688:
3272:
3061:
1201:
In addition to major differences in behavior and ecology, Amazonian fish vary extensively in form and size. The largest, the
3105:
1699:
The river is the principal path of transportation for people and produce in the regions, with transport ranging from balsa
1031:
are famous for duck gathering by the hundreds along the clay cliffs of the Amazon River. In the western Amazon hundreds of
5606:
5591:
4112:
3888:
3883:
3796:
3478:
3173:
1930:
1209:
can reach 3 m (9.8 ft) or more in length and up to 200 kg (440 lb) in weight, making them some of the
1171:
1167:
5639:
5291:
4921:
4648:
4353:
3748:
3536:
3385:
3178:
1086:
near the water, tropical frogs are most abundant in the trees and relatively few are found near bodies of water on the
4778:
3625:
3432:
3395:
3380:
3299:
3137:
2057:
913:
exploit trees and other plants to get closer to the sunlight. They grow hanging onto the branches or tree trunks with
220:
3405:
3102:, by historian Normand E. Klare. Actual reports from the explorers are compared with present Amazon basin conditions.
2780:
Turko, A.J.; P.A. Wright (2015). "Evolution, ecology and physiology of amphibious killifishes (Cyprinodontiformes)".
4956:
4941:
4239:
4224:
4086:
3987:
3743:
3573:
3488:
3473:
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1754:
and increased road-building bring human encroachment upon wild areas, increased resource extraction and threats to
1609:
1538:
402:
396:
5337:
5269:
5240:
5225:
4966:
4891:
3814:
3768:
3758:
3498:
3422:
3309:
3289:
3208:
2103:
2362:
4926:
4843:
4426:
4139:
3995:
3559:
3319:
3255:
3198:
1915:
1395:
is famous for laying its eggs on plants above water, keeping them moist by continuously splashing on them, the
1118:
1095:
1016:
178:
2132:
1133:. This species lives in the Amazon River basin, coastal rivers of northeastern Brazil, and the basins of the
5573:
5264:
5171:
4848:
4558:
4553:
3866:
3645:
1396:
2017:
941:
432:
5550:
5357:
4951:
4754:
4058:
4003:
3655:
3605:
3483:
3427:
3390:
3370:
3365:
3130:
196:
because of an increase in cattle ranches and soybean fields. The Amazon basin formerly flowed west to the
1039:
descend to exposed river banks to consume clay on an almost daily basis, the exception being rainy days.
5700:
5643:
5507:
5427:
5070:
4971:
4580:
4048:
4038:
4023:
3693:
3620:
3468:
3400:
3267:
2385:
Relationships between habitat characteristics and fish assemblages in small streams of Central Amazonia.
1864:
1110:
of rainforest waters. The differences between temperate and tropical frogs extend beyond their habitat.
212:
1534:
5517:
4493:
4211:
4053:
4028:
4008:
3778:
3723:
3595:
3590:
3245:
2941:
1878:
1597:
1374:
1318:
1210:
1157:
exist. This is more than any other river basin on Earth, and Amazonia is the center of diversity for
986:
2758:
1732:
made largely from forest and shoreline deadfall is produced for use in urban areas. Exploitation of
5166:
4831:
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4744:
4575:
4436:
4382:
4323:
4294:
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4013:
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3738:
3630:
3610:
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3412:
3375:
3262:
3228:
3110:
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organizations working in the Amazon basin area, and covers the people living in several countries.
1667:
1655:
1404:
1380:
1288:
1154:
1122:
998:
4104:
2828:
1829:"Amazon biodiversity also plays a critical role as part of global systems, influencing the global
147:
51:
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4916:
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4219:
4018:
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3585:
3531:
3503:
3353:
3334:
2965:
2366:
2264:
2206:
1680:
1589:
1238:
The Amazon supports very large fisheries, including well-known species of large catfish (such as
3010:
5535:
5154:
4981:
4946:
4807:
4802:
4783:
4592:
4419:
4179:
4043:
3931:
3924:
3718:
3680:
3541:
3526:
3456:
3314:
3284:
3250:
3165:
3157:
3075:
2957:
2911:
2797:
2602:
2577:
2549:
2331:
2288:
2282:
1982:
1935:
1688:
898:
208:
204:
189:
151:
123:
119:
4456:
2732:
5616:
5611:
5601:
5530:
5207:
5161:
5104:
5033:
4896:
4790:
4739:
4717:
4570:
4517:
3713:
3708:
3665:
3615:
3508:
3493:
3193:
2949:
2859:
2789:
2688:
2655:
2358:
2321:
2256:
2198:
1850:
1725:
1659:
1472:
1437:
1335:
1240:
1175:
1158:
1153:
species are known from the Amazon basin and it is estimated that more than 1,000 additional
1052:
894:
3033:"Why the Amazon's Biodiversity is Critical for the Globe: An Interview with Thomas Lovejoy"
5502:
5003:
4991:
4976:
4931:
4881:
4821:
4763:
4724:
4712:
4705:
4614:
4431:
4414:
4389:
3940:
3873:
3773:
3733:
3670:
3600:
3183:
1925:
1479:
1323:
1227:
1142:
1056:
159:
127:
39:
1221:, which have been recorded far up the Amazon, may reach even greater sizes, but they are
1138:
2945:
2224:
1106:
gives tropical frogs infinitely more freedom to move into the trees and escape the many
5647:
5596:
5495:
5459:
5439:
5422:
5362:
5126:
5018:
4996:
4986:
4838:
4816:
4700:
4695:
4680:
4675:
4602:
4548:
4500:
4471:
4377:
4367:
3513:
3324:
2877:
2863:
1747:
1721:
1663:
1458:
1300:
1296:
1257:
1245:
1218:
1134:
1048:
200:
until the Andes formed, causing the basin to flow eastward towards the Atlantic Ocean.
174:
76:
3117:"The Course of the River of the Amazons, Based on the Account of Christopher d'Acugna"
1791:
1631:(the most extensive non-forest use of the land); some of the inhabitants harvest wild
5694:
5621:
5490:
5482:
5449:
5186:
5136:
5028:
5023:
5013:
4863:
4826:
4734:
4729:
4631:
4536:
3945:
3698:
3417:
2494:
2466:
2438:
2410:
2104:"Região Hidrográfica Amazônica — Agência Nacional de Águas e Saneamento Básico (ANA)"
1892:
1763:
1751:
1430:
1423:
1265:
1232:
1195:
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197:
112:
64:
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2643:
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2210:
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agriculture on higher floodplains. Fishing provides additional food year-round, and
5525:
5464:
5444:
5434:
5116:
4871:
4609:
4543:
4512:
4461:
4333:
4262:
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3071:
Crude Reflections/Cruda Realidad: Oil, Ruin and Resistance in the Amazon Rainforest
1900:
1830:
1775:
1755:
1704:
1679:
estimated 100 uncontacted tribal groups. The largest organization fighting for the
1550:
1451:
1392:
1292:
1269:
1261:
1187:
1087:
1008:
914:
330:
324:
126:. With a 5.5 million km (2.1 million sq mi) area of dense
68:
3893:
2308:
Reis R.E.; Albert J.S.; Di Dario F.; Mincarone M.M.; Petry P.; Rocha L.A. (2016).
2186:
17:
3069:
2599:
Life in the Dark: Illuminating Biodiversity in the Shadowy Haunts of Planet Earth
2067:
5581:
5540:
5176:
5065:
5008:
4936:
4886:
4773:
4749:
4638:
4476:
4394:
4372:
4348:
4194:
4184:
3728:
2032:
1960:
1500:
1493:
1465:
1444:
1412:
1312:
1024:
926:
610:
605:
538:
533:
502:
497:
436:
163:
44:
2693:
2676:
1231:
sleeper gobies, which do not surpass 1 cm (0.4 in) and are among the
1090:. The reason for this occurrence is quite simple: frogs must always keep their
173:
With a length of about 6,400 km (4,000 mi) before it drains into the
5111:
5080:
4906:
4901:
4565:
4526:
4488:
4406:
4279:
4164:
4159:
3640:
3203:
2260:
1998:
1840:
1771:
1708:
1639:
1624:
1526:(Coleoptera constituting almost 25% of all known types of animal life-forms.)
1357:
1329:
1280:
1222:
1214:
1178:, fauna in slow moving sections show distinct differences compared to that in
1161:. About 45% (more than 1,000 species) of the known Amazonian fish species are
930:
922:
131:
5676:
5663:
3956:
3106:"Scientists find Evidence Discrediting Theory Amazon Was Virtually Unlivable"
2175:
Munn, C. A. 1994. Macaws: winged rainbows. National Geographic, 185, 118–140.
1399:
can survive underground in a mucous cocoon during the dry season, some small
5558:
5217:
5191:
5121:
5099:
5092:
4876:
4653:
4587:
4483:
4306:
4289:
4174:
4169:
4143:
3898:
2953:
1621:
1530:
1486:
1400:
1386:
1363:
1351:
1273:
1191:
1103:
1075:
910:
823:
818:
682:
677:
235:
Distribution of the Amazon River basin area and discharge between countries
108:
72:
2961:
2801:
2335:
2151:
885:
5085:
4690:
4626:
4597:
4507:
4466:
4274:
4254:
3304:
2507:
2479:
2451:
2423:
2062:
1733:
1729:
1628:
1613:
1341:
1307:
1253:
1249:
1202:
1162:
1107:
1099:
978:
918:
902:
771:
766:
466:
461:
366:
360:
216:
104:
88:
2031:
Raymond E. Crist; Alarich R. Schultz; James J. Parsons (16 March 2018).
30:
This article is about the drainage basin. For the geologic feature, see
5057:
4795:
4685:
4643:
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4338:
4267:
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1617:
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1558:
1284:
1206:
1130:
1083:
1063:
1012:
717:
712:
646:
641:
574:
569:
273:
268:
228:
224:
92:
80:
2793:
2326:
181:. A team of scientists has claimed that the Amazon is longer than the
5563:
4667:
4621:
4328:
4315:
3153:
2383:
Mendonça, F. P., W. E. Magnusson, J. Zuanon and C. M. Taylor. (2005)
1767:
1741:
1643:
1632:
1605:
1523:
1519:
1179:
1036:
1020:
982:
974:
970:
966:
958:
945:
906:
745:
740:
301:
296:
96:
84:
2202:
1822:"Over past 20 years (2021), the Brazilian Amazon emitted 13% more CO
2309:
5471:
5414:
5309:
4853:
4151:
4135:
3122:
1746:
1635:
1572:
1554:
1117:
1032:
1028:
940:
884:
143:
50:
38:
2984:"Rapid deforestation outweighs carbon capture by remaining trees"
2576:. Developments in environmental biology of fishes. Vol. 21.
4448:
1737:
1700:
1601:
1582:
1150:
1091:
1079:
1004:
797:
792:
182:
155:
100:
4108:
3960:
3126:
3064:(2015). Center for InterAmerican Studies, University Bielefeld.
1786:
962:
961:
are found in the Amazon, the majority of which are species of
2546:
Field Guide to the Fishes of the Amazon, Orinoco, and Guianas
1256:, and is also home to many species that are important in the
2058:"Amazon river flowed into the Pacific millions of years ago"
1728:
need little or no food beyond what they can forage locally.
2363:
10.1643/0045-8511(2002)002[0333:codraa]2.0.co;2
2089:
1514:
List of butterflies of the Amazon River basin and the Andes
1418:
Some of the major fish groups of the Amazon basin include:
2187:"Effects of weather on parrot geophagy in Tambopata, Peru"
1322:
in the far western part of the basin (Andean region). The
1666:
still spoken in the Amazon, most of which are critically
921:. Species of tropical trees native to the Amazon include
3011:"Explainer: Role of the Amazon in global climate change"
2284:
Historical Biogeography of Neotropical Freshwater Fishes
3100:
The First North American Explorers of the Amazon Valley
1803:
1537:
in Peru (4000 hectare-survey) has 2300 species, while
1518:
More than 90% of the animal species in the Amazon are
2310:"Fish biodiversity and conservation in South America"
146:
at the west of the basin with its main tributary the
1977:
Goulding, M., Barthem, R. B. and Duenas, R. (2003).
1783:
Global ecological role / Function for climate change
5572:
5549:
5516:
5480:
5413:
5307:
5215:
5206:
5135:
5056:
4862:
4666:
4447:
4405:
4314:
4305:
4253:
4210:
4150:
4067:
3994:
3787:
3679:
3572:
3550:
3455:
3352:
3227:
3164:
1654:The most widely spoken languages in the Amazon are
1620:. In many regions, the forest has been cleared for
1078:swim and are found in the Amazon. Unlike temperate
1190:(39%), but other groups with many species include
1051:inhabits the shallow waters of the Amazon and the
47:, not marked on this map, are a part of the basin)
3096:Herndon and Gibbon Lieutenants United States Navy
1541:(5500 hectare-survey) has at least 1231 species.
1316:are found in the Amazon, as is the cave-dwelling
1779:addition of imported fertilizers and chemicals.
2567:
2565:
2014:"Amazon Longer Than Nile River, Scientists Say"
1489:: pike cichlids, peacock cichlids and relatives
185:, but debate about its exact length continues.
3068:Dematteis, Lou; Szymczak, Kayana (June 2008).
1687:. It is a supra organization encompassing all
1186:(43% of total fish species in the Amazon) and
4120:
3972:
3138:
2133:"The Coolest Plants in the Amazon Rainforest"
1941:Pre-Columbian agriculture in the Amazon Basin
889:Aerial view of part of the Amazon rainforest.
8:
4093:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
2539:
2537:
1098:is carried out through their skin. The high
162:of the Amazon is the second biggest peak of
2932:Evolutionary Origins of a Superradiation".
2242:
2240:
2238:
1496:: Eartheaters and Neotropical dwarf cichlid
5212:
4311:
4127:
4113:
4105:
3979:
3965:
3957:
3578:
3461:
3358:
3233:
3145:
3131:
3123:
2524:Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology
2396:Duncan, W.P.; and Fernandes, M.N. (2010).
1361:banjo catfish, and the loricariid catfish
179:one of the two longest rivers in the world
2708:Howard, Brian Clark (27 September 2013).
2692:
2659:
2625:Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters
2544:van der Sleen P, Albert JS, eds. (2017).
2325:
2281:James S. Albert; Roberto E. Reis (2011).
948:in the area of Miranda near Amazon basin
233:
2675:Cramer, C.A.; L.H.R. Py-Daniel (2015).
2642:Thomas, M.R.; L.H.R. Py-Daniel (2008).
2249:Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management
1952:
1774:of known and unknown species, reducing
1921:Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest
1906:Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization
1007:species inhabit the Amazon basin. The
203:Politically the basin is divided into
2710:"Fish That Lay Eggs Out of the Water"
2016:. National Geographic. Archived from
2001:. World Wildlife Fund. 24 March 2023.
1707:to hand built wooden river craft and
1557:the adjacent, low-lying forests. The
27:Major drainage basin in South America
7:
3009:Kaiser, Anna Jean (27 August 2019).
118:Most of the basin is covered by the
3219:Sixth (New) Republic (1985–present)
2908:Species Diversity in Space and Time
2757:. itrainsfishes.net. Archived from
1979:The Smithsonian Atlas of the Amazon
1529:Whereas all of Europe has some 321
2864:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb05871.x
2601:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
166:at 6,635 metres (21,768 ft).
25:
3214:Military dictatorship (1964–1985)
2066:. 24 October 2006. Archived from
1646:", with a steeply slanting roof.
1433:: characins, tetras and relatives
1094:moist since almost half of their
1059:live in the Amazonian tree tops.
969:. Its larger mammals include the
43:Amazon River Basin (the southern
5635:
5634:
4967:West South Central United States
3199:First (Old) Republic (1889–1930)
2827:. Planet Catfish. Archived from
2716:. Water Currents. Archived from
1885:
1871:
1857:
1843:
1790:
817:
791:
765:
739:
711:
676:
640:
604:
568:
532:
496:
460:
431:
395:
359:
323:
295:
267:
32:Amazon Basin (sedimentary basin)
5182:Latin America and the Caribbean
5048:Latin America and the Caribbean
2906:Rosenzweig, Michael L. (1995).
2661:10.1590/S1679-62252008000300011
1911:Amazon Conservation Association
1102:of the rainforest and frequent
142:The Amazon River begins in the
2910:. Cambridge University Press.
2894:
2574:The Biology of Hypogean Fishes
2572:Romero, Aldemaro, ed. (2001).
2548:. Princeton University Press.
2150:Butler, Rhett (31 July 2012).
1244:, which perform long breeding
1211:largest strict freshwater fish
111:, as well as the territory of
1:
2445:Brachyplatystoma filamentosum
1931:Llanos de Moxos (archaeology)
1426:: Neotropical electric fishes
1411:catfish lives in waterlogged
55:The mouth of the Amazon River
4649:Middle East and North Africa
4354:Middle East and North Africa
2012:Roach, John (18 June 2007).
1082:which are mostly limited to
3988:Geography of South America
3661:Water supply and sanitation
3209:Fourth Republic (1946–1964)
3184:Colonial Brazil (1500–1815)
1967:. Encyclopaedia Britannica.
1074:More than 1,500 species of
957:More than 1,400 species of
221:Amazonas (Venezuelan state)
158:. The highest point in the
5717:
4942:Northeastern United States
3189:United Kingdom (1815–1822)
3074:. City Lights Publishers.
2817:"Cat-eLog: Heptapteridae:
2694:10.1590/1982-0224-20140099
2185:Brightsmith D. J. (2004).
1539:Tambopata National Reserve
1511:
1345:whale catfish (especially
996:
917:, not as parasites but as
319:
29:
5630:
3918:
3581:
3464:
3443:President of the Republic
3361:
3236:
3098:—An except from the book
2511:. September 2017 version.
2483:. September 2017 version.
2455:. September 2017 version.
2427:. September 2017 version.
2261:10.1080/14634980701351023
2119:"Amazon plants and trees"
1522:, of which about 40% are
845:
841:
721:
277:
5423:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
4427:Transantarctic Mountains
3366:Administrative divisions
2497:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
2469:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
2441:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
2413:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1916:Amazon Conservation Team
1662:. There are hundreds of
1017:Guianan cock-of-the-rock
5172:Caribbean South America
2954:10.1126/science.1146954
2852:Journal of Fish Biology
2782:Journal of Fish Biology
2597:Fenolio, Danté (2016).
2400:PanamJAS 5(3): 454–464.
2387:Copeia 2005(4): 751–764
2314:Journal of Fish Biology
2037:Encyclopædia Britannica
1563:generally hot and humid
1503:: guppies and relatives
1454:: suckermouth catfishes
1415:near (not in) streams.
1397:South American lungfish
4952:Southern United States
4755:Scandinavian Peninsula
3522:Science and technology
3204:Vargas Era (1930–1946)
2733:"Lepidosiren paradoxa"
2152:"Diversities of Image"
1759:
1585:
1577:A floating village in
1287:(including the famous
1170:differs from fauna in
1146:
1019:belong. Birds such as
949:
890:
56:
48:
5428:Antarctic Convergence
4972:Western United States
1865:Earth sciences portal
1750:
1576:
1482:: driftwood catfishes
1468:: pimelodid catfishes
1310:species in the genus
1127:Pygocentrus nattereri
1121:
1027:are also found here.
1015:family, to which the
944:
888:
213:Amazon natural region
54:
42:
4494:Greater Central Asia
3340:World Heritage Sites
3273:Environmental issues
3246:Brazilian Antarctica
1981:, Smithsonian Books
1879:Latin America portal
1776:biological diversity
1770:, is leading to the
1375:Peckoltia pankimpuju
1319:Astroblepus pholeter
987:South American tapir
130:, it is the largest
5673: /
5640:Continents of Earth
5167:Brazilian Highlands
4576:Indian subcontinent
4437:Antarctic Peninsula
4235:Southern Hemisphere
4230:Northern Hemisphere
3889:Syncretic Religions
3797:Freedom of religion
3479:Automotive industry
3111:The Washington Post
2946:2007Sci...318.1913H
2940:(5858): 1913–1916.
2755:"The genus Rivulus"
2714:National Geographic
2473:Carcharhinus leucas
1826:than it absorbed".
1726:free-range chickens
1461:: armored catfishes
1405:undescribed species
1381:Panaque bathyphilus
1155:undescribed species
1123:Red-bellied piranha
999:Birds of the Amazon
236:
5677:2.3096°S 54.8881°W
5455:Great Barrier Reef
5076:Mainland Australia
4784:Apennine Peninsula
4245:Western Hemisphere
4220:Eastern Hemisphere
3849:Eastern Orthodoxy
3842:Ukrainian Catholic
3537:Telecommunications
3194:Empire (1822–1889)
3179:Indigenous peoples
2831:on 23 October 2006
2137:Rainforest Cruises
2020:on 22 August 2007.
1802:. You can help by
1766:, particularly in
1760:
1681:indigenous peoples
1674:Indigenous peoples
1590:scarcely populated
1586:
1535:Manú National Park
1475:: pencil catfishes
1213:in the world. The
1159:Neotropical fishes
1147:
1129:) is a species of
950:
899:coniferous forests
891:
234:
190:Amazon rainforests
57:
49:
18:Amazon River Basin
5682:-2.3096; -54.8881
5656:
5655:
5536:Mediterranean Rim
5409:
5408:
5348:Mediterranean Sea
5202:
5201:
5155:Amazon Rainforest
4982:Canadian Prairies
4947:Pacific Northwest
4808:Iberian Peninsula
4593:Arabian Peninsula
4420:Antarctic Plateau
4180:Three/Four Worlds
4102:
4101:
4074:other territories
3954:
3953:
3914:
3913:
3856:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3821:Armenian Catholic
3626:Income inequality
3568:
3567:
3451:
3450:
3438:Political parties
3433:National Congress
3396:Freedom of speech
3381:Foreign relations
3348:
3347:
3081:978-0-87286-472-6
2917:978-0-521-49952-1
2794:10.1111/jfb.12758
2681:Neotrop. Ichthyol
2648:Neotrop. Ichthyol
2327:10.1111/jfb.13016
2294:978-0-520-26868-5
2225:"Amazon Reptiles"
2070:on 3 January 2013
1936:Ucayali Peneplain
1820:
1819:
1689:indigenous rights
1440:: river stingrays
1176:blackwater rivers
1168:clearwater rivers
878:
877:
205:Peruvian Amazonia
120:Amazon rainforest
16:(Redirected from
5708:
5688:
5687:
5685:
5684:
5683:
5678:
5674:
5671:
5670:
5669:
5666:
5638:
5637:
5617:Global Southwest
5612:Global Southeast
5602:Global Northwest
5597:Global Northeast
5587:Global Heartland
5531:Indian Ocean Rim
5213:
5105:Island Melanesia
4796:Balkan Peninsula
4571:Himalayan states
4518:Russian Far East
4312:
4240:Water Hemisphere
4129:
4122:
4115:
4106:
4094:
4082:Falkland Islands
3996:Sovereign states
3981:
3974:
3967:
3958:
3934:
3927:
3852:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3744:National symbols
3579:
3517:
3489:Economic history
3474:Animal husbandry
3462:
3359:
3234:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3124:
3085:
3060:Acker, Antoine.
3048:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3029:
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3018:
3006:
3000:
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2980:
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2921:
2903:
2897:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2878:"Amazon Insects"
2874:
2868:
2867:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2815:Planet Catfish.
2812:
2806:
2805:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2761:on 30 April 2012
2750:
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2147:
2141:
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2117:Amazon, Plants.
2114:
2108:
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2100:
2094:
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2048:
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2028:
2022:
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2009:
2003:
2002:
1995:
1989:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1957:
1895:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1881:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1867:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1853:
1851:Geography portal
1848:
1847:
1846:
1815:
1812:
1794:
1787:
1683:in this area is
1664:native languages
1561:of the basin is
1473:Trichomycteridae
1438:Potamotrygonidae
1336:Orthosternarchus
1248:up the Amazon),
1241:Brachyplatystoma
1143:Essequibo Rivers
1053:emerald tree boa
822:
821:
796:
795:
770:
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237:
122:, also known as
21:
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5711:
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5709:
5707:
5706:
5705:
5691:
5690:
5681:
5679:
5675:
5672:
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5662:
5660:
5659:
5657:
5652:
5626:
5568:
5545:
5512:
5476:
5405:
5394:South China Sea
5303:
5246:Central America
5198:
5131:
5052:
5004:Northern Mexico
4992:Northern Canada
4977:Atlantic Canada
4932:Mountain states
4858:
4713:European Russia
4706:Southern Russia
4662:
4615:Iranian Plateau
4443:
4432:West Antarctica
4415:East Antarctica
4401:
4301:
4249:
4225:Land Hemisphere
4206:
4146:
4133:
4103:
4098:
4092:
4075:
4073:
4063:
3990:
3985:
3955:
3950:
3937:
3930:
3923:
3910:
3783:
3769:Science fiction
3759:Public holidays
3675:
3636:Life expectancy
3564:
3546:
3515:
3447:
3423:Law enforcement
3344:
3330:Water resources
3310:Protected areas
3223:
3160:
3151:
3092:
3082:
3067:
3057:
3055:Further reading
3052:
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3026:
3016:
3014:
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3003:
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2809:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2764:
2762:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2737:
2735:
2731:SeriouslyFish.
2730:
2729:
2725:
2720:on 28 May 2015.
2707:
2706:
2702:
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2501:Pristis pristis
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2295:
2287:. p. 308.
2280:
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2222:
2218:
2203:10.1676/03-087b
2191:Wilson Bulletin
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2029:
2025:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1976:
1972:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1926:Llanos de Moxos
1891:
1886:
1884:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1863:
1858:
1856:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1825:
1816:
1810:
1807:
1800:needs expansion
1785:
1736:, particularly
1717:
1697:
1676:
1652:
1571:
1569:Human lifestyle
1547:
1516:
1510:
1480:Auchenipteridae
1297:river stingrays
1228:Leptophilypnion
1116:
1072:
1057:boa constrictor
1045:
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995:
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883:
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639:
603:
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531:
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459:
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358:
322:
294:
266:
223:, and parts of
211:of Brazil, the
144:Andes Mountains
140:
128:tropical forest
67:drained by the
63:is the part of
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5714:
5712:
5704:
5703:
5693:
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5654:
5653:
5651:
5650:
5648:Physical Earth
5631:
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5487:
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5475:
5474:
5469:
5468:
5467:
5462:
5460:Mariana Trench
5457:
5447:
5442:
5440:Atlantic Ocean
5437:
5432:
5431:
5430:
5419:
5417:
5411:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5403:
5401:Southern Ocean
5398:
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5389:East China Sea
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5369:
5368:
5367:
5366:
5365:
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5323:Atlantic Ocean
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5127:Remote Oceania
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4997:Western Canada
4994:
4989:
4987:Eastern Canada
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4701:South Caucasus
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4696:North Caucasus
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4603:South Caucasus
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4263:Africa-Eurasia
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4016:
4011:
4006:
4000:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3961:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3936:
3935:
3928:
3920:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3793:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3685:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3582:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3560:Rail transport
3556:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3406:Women's rights
3403:
3398:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3362:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3295:Largest cities
3292:
3287:
3282:
3280:Extreme points
3277:
3276:
3275:
3265:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3256:Climate change
3248:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3119:from 1680 (map
3114:
3103:
3091:
3090:External links
3088:
3087:
3086:
3080:
3065:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3024:
3001:
2975:
2923:
2916:
2898:
2887:
2869:
2858:(3): 401–411.
2842:
2807:
2788:(4): 815–835.
2772:
2753:Vermeulen, F.
2745:
2723:
2700:
2687:(3): 461–470.
2667:
2654:(3): 379–394.
2634:
2614:
2608:978-1421418636
2607:
2589:
2583:978-1402000768
2582:
2561:
2555:978-0691170749
2554:
2533:
2514:
2495:Froese, Rainer
2486:
2467:Froese, Rainer
2458:
2439:Froese, Rainer
2430:
2417:Arapaima gigas
2411:Froese, Rainer
2402:
2389:
2376:
2357:(2): 333–343.
2341:
2300:
2293:
2273:
2255:(2): 153–173,
2234:
2216:
2197:(2): 134–145.
2177:
2168:
2142:
2124:
2109:
2095:
2081:
2049:
2033:"Amazon River"
2023:
2004:
1990:
1970:
1965:britannica.com
1961:"Amazon River"
1951:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1882:
1868:
1854:
1838:
1835:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1797:
1795:
1784:
1781:
1722:slash and burn
1716:
1713:
1711:hulled craft.
1696:
1695:River commerce
1693:
1675:
1672:
1651:
1648:
1640:Brazilian nuts
1610:Amazonas State
1570:
1567:
1546:
1543:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1459:Callichthyidae
1455:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1260:, such as the
1258:aquarium trade
1235:in the world.
1219:common sawfish
1115:
1112:
1071:
1068:
1049:green anaconda
1044:
1041:
997:Main article:
994:
991:
954:
951:
938:
935:
882:
879:
876:
875:
870:
863:
858:
851:
843:
842:
839:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
813:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
787:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
761:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
735:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
720:
707:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
671:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
635:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
599:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
563:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
527:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
491:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
455:
454:
452:
450:
445:
440:
427:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
391:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
355:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
320:
317:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
291:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
276:
263:
262:
259:
253:
250:
244:
241:
209:Amazônia Legal
175:Atlantic Ocean
152:Apurimac River
139:
136:
134:in the world.
77:drainage basin
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5713:
5702:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5689:
5686:
5649:
5645:
5641:
5633:
5632:
5629:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5575:
5571:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5552:
5548:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5519:
5515:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5484:
5479:
5473:
5470:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5451:
5450:Pacific Ocean
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5416:
5412:
5402:
5399:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5385:
5384:Pacific Ocean
5382:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5370:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5338:Caribbean Sea
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5311:
5306:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5288:
5285:
5281:
5280:by population
5278:
5276:
5273:
5272:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5254:
5253:South America
5251:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5238:
5237:
5236:North America
5234:
5233:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5219:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5205:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5187:Southern Cone
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5162:Andean States
5160:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5137:South America
5134:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5101:
5098:
5094:
5091:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5073:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5049:
5046:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4865:
4864:North America
4861:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4827:Low Countries
4825:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4818:
4815:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4804:
4803:South-western
4801:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4791:South-eastern
4789:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4780:
4779:South-central
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4769:Mediterranean
4767:
4766:
4765:
4762:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4735:British Isles
4733:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4726:
4723:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4637:
4633:
4632:Levantine Sea
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4623:
4620:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4608:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4589:
4586:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4564:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4502:
4499:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4485:
4482:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4450:
4446:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4361:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4324:Mediterranean
4322:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4256:
4252:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4130:
4125:
4123:
4118:
4116:
4111:
4110:
4107:
4095:
4090:
4088:
4087:French Guiana
4085:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4071:
4066:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3982:
3977:
3975:
3970:
3968:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3867:Protestantism
3865:
3863:
3860:
3855:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3843:
3839:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3811:Christianity
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3651:States by HDI
3649:
3647:
3646:Social issues
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3148:
3143:
3141:
3136:
3134:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3073:
3072:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3012:
3005:
3002:
2990:. 21 May 2022
2989:
2988:The Economist
2985:
2979:
2976:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2927:
2924:
2919:
2913:
2909:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2895:Powell (2009)
2891:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2873:
2870:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2846:
2843:
2830:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2811:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2776:
2773:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2746:
2734:
2727:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2704:
2701:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2671:
2668:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2638:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2618:
2615:
2610:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2590:
2585:
2579:
2575:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2551:
2547:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2525:
2518:
2515:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2502:
2496:
2490:
2487:
2482:
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2476:
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2468:
2462:
2459:
2454:
2453:
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2420:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2345:
2342:
2337:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2304:
2301:
2296:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2181:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2120:
2113:
2110:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2038:
2034:
2027:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2008:
2005:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1987:1-58834-135-6
1984:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1893:Brazil portal
1883:
1880:
1869:
1866:
1855:
1852:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1827:
1814:
1805:
1801:
1798:This section
1796:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1764:deforestation
1757:
1753:
1752:Deforestation
1749:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1705:dugout canoes
1702:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1533:species, the
1532:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1447:: bonytongues
1446:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1431:Characiformes
1428:
1425:
1424:Gymnotiformes
1421:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1407:of worm-like
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1388:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1236:
1234:
1233:smallest fish
1230:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1196:Gymnotiformes
1193:
1189:
1185:
1184:Characiformes
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1000:
992:
990:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
952:
947:
943:
936:
934:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
887:
880:
874:
871:
869:
868:
864:
862:
859:
857:
856:
852:
850:
849:
844:
840:
836:
833:
830:
827:
825:
820:
815:
814:
810:
807:
804:
801:
799:
794:
789:
788:
784:
781:
778:
775:
773:
768:
763:
762:
758:
755:
752:
749:
747:
742:
737:
736:
732:
729:
726:
723:
719:
714:
709:
708:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
684:
679:
673:
672:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
648:
643:
637:
636:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
612:
607:
601:
600:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
576:
571:
565:
564:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
540:
535:
529:
528:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
504:
499:
493:
492:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
468:
463:
457:
456:
453:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
438:
434:
429:
428:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
404:
398:
393:
392:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
368:
362:
357:
356:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
332:
326:
321:
318:
314:
311:
308:
305:
303:
298:
293:
292:
288:
285:
282:
279:
275:
270:
265:
264:
260:
258:
254:
251:
249:
245:
242:
239:
238:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
201:
199:
198:Pacific Ocean
195:
191:
186:
184:
180:
176:
171:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
148:Marañón River
145:
137:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
116:
114:
113:French Guiana
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
75:. The Amazon
74:
70:
66:
65:South America
62:
53:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5701:Amazon basin
5658:
5646: /
5644:List of seas
5642: /
5607:Global South
5592:Global North
5526:Atlantic Rim
5465:Ring of Fire
5445:Indian Ocean
5435:Arctic Ocean
5377:Persian Gulf
5372:Indian Ocean
5353:Adriatic Sea
5318:Arctic Ocean
5150:Amazon Basin
5145:Amazon Plain
5144:
5117:Near Oceania
4922:Mid-Atlantic
4872:Aridoamerica
4832:Northwestern
4745:Northwestern
4718:Southeastern
4610:Greater Iran
4549:Southeastern
4544:Pacific Asia
4513:Pacific Asia
4501:Northeastern
4457:Asia–Pacific
4200:Fourth World
4190:Second World
4070:Dependencies
3656:Unemployment
3606:Demographics
3484:Central Bank
3391:Human rights
3371:Constitution
3241:Amazon basin
3240:
3109:
3099:
3070:
3040:. Retrieved
3036:
3027:
3015:. Retrieved
3004:
2992:. Retrieved
2987:
2978:
2937:
2933:
2926:
2907:
2901:
2890:
2882:Mongabay.com
2881:
2872:
2855:
2851:
2845:
2833:. Retrieved
2829:the original
2822:
2818:
2810:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2763:. Retrieved
2759:the original
2748:
2736:. Retrieved
2726:
2718:the original
2713:
2703:
2684:
2680:
2670:
2651:
2647:
2637:
2628:
2624:
2617:
2598:
2592:
2573:
2545:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2506:
2500:
2489:
2478:
2472:
2461:
2450:
2444:
2433:
2422:
2416:
2405:
2397:
2392:
2384:
2379:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2320:(1): 12–47.
2317:
2313:
2303:
2283:
2276:
2252:
2248:
2229:Mongabay.com
2228:
2219:
2194:
2190:
2180:
2171:
2159:. Retrieved
2156:Mongabay.com
2155:
2145:
2136:
2127:
2112:
2098:
2084:
2072:. Retrieved
2068:the original
2061:
2052:
2040:. Retrieved
2026:
2018:the original
2007:
1993:
1978:
1973:
1964:
1955:
1901:Amazon biome
1831:carbon cycle
1828:
1821:
1808:
1804:adding to it
1799:
1761:
1756:biodiversity
1718:
1709:modern steel
1698:
1677:
1653:
1588:Amazonia is
1587:
1551:Amazon River
1548:
1528:
1517:
1452:Loricariidae
1417:
1408:
1393:splash tetra
1385:
1379:
1373:
1369:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1347:C. oliveirai
1346:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1293:electric eel
1274:
1239:
1237:
1226:
1200:
1188:Siluriformes
1148:
1126:
1088:forest floor
1073:
1061:
1046:
1025:hummingbirds
1009:biodiversity
1003:About 1,500
1002:
956:
915:aerial roots
892:
872:
866:
865:
860:
854:
853:
848:Amazon basin
847:
846:
703:
698:
693:
688:
674:
667:
662:
657:
652:
638:
631:
626:
621:
616:
602:
595:
590:
585:
580:
566:
559:
554:
549:
544:
530:
523:
518:
513:
508:
494:
487:
482:
477:
472:
458:
447:
442:
430:
423:
418:
413:
408:
401:
387:
382:
377:
372:
365:
351:
346:
341:
336:
329:
256:
247:
202:
187:
172:
168:
141:
117:
69:Amazon River
61:Amazon basin
60:
58:
36:
5680: /
5622:Global West
5582:Global East
5541:Pacific Rim
5483:waterbodies
5472:World Ocean
5297:New Zealand
5177:The Guianas
5066:Australasia
5009:West Indies
4937:New England
4917:Great Lakes
4887:Mesoamerica
4774:Middle East
4750:Scandinavia
4639:Middle East
4477:Caspian Sea
4383:Great Lakes
4363:Sub-Saharan
4349:Middle East
4212:Hemispheres
4195:Third World
4185:First World
4138:'s primary
3815:Catholicism
3729:Malandragem
3694:Archaeology
3621:Immigration
3527:Stock index
3469:Agriculture
3268:Environment
3042:12 February
3017:12 February
2823:Phreatobius
2819:Phreatobius
2530:(2): 85–98.
2161:20 December
1744:is common.
1715:Agriculture
1625:plantations
1501:Poeciliinae
1494:Geophaginae
1466:Pimelodidae
1445:Arapaimidae
1413:leaf litter
1409:Phreatobius
1366:spinulifera
1313:Phreatobius
1289:red-bellied
1149:About 2500
1096:respiration
927:rubber tree
539:Mato Grosso
73:tributaries
5668:54°53′17″W
5363:Ionian Sea
5358:Aegean Sea
5328:Baltic Sea
5260:Antarctica
5112:Micronesia
5081:New Guinea
5039:Portuguese
4962:West Coast
4912:East Coast
4907:Bible Belt
4902:Appalachia
4581:Subregions
4489:Inner Asia
4407:Antarctica
4307:Continents
4280:Antarctica
4255:Landmasses
4165:Down Under
4160:Arab World
4144:subregions
3854:Antiochian
3779:Television
3749:Newspapers
3724:Literature
3596:Corruption
3591:Censorship
3516:(currency)
3386:Government
3037:World Bank
3013:. phys.org
2631:: 271–282.
1947:References
1772:extinction
1762:Extensive
1668:endangered
1656:Portuguese
1512:See also:
1499:Subfamily
1492:Subfamily
1485:Subfamily
1358:Micromyzon
1330:Compsaraia
1281:neon tetra
1246:migrations
1223:euryhaline
1215:bull shark
1104:rainstorms
1076:amphibians
1070:Amphibians
1035:and other
931:Assai palm
923:Brazil nut
911:bromeliads
881:Plant life
306:4,674,619
255:Discharge
194:deforested
132:rainforest
5665:2°18′35″S
5559:Antarctic
5343:Irish Sea
5333:Black Sea
5292:Australia
5241:Caribbean
5218:continent
5192:Patagonia
5122:Polynesia
5100:Melanesia
5093:Zealandia
5071:Australia
4957:Southwest
4877:Caribbean
4654:Near East
4295:submerged
4290:Zealandia
4285:Australia
4175:Old World
4170:New World
4059:Venezuela
4004:Argentina
3899:Quimbanda
3894:Candomblé
3764:Sculpture
3739:Mythology
3689:Animation
3631:Languages
3611:Education
3552:Transport
3413:Judiciary
3376:Elections
3325:Time Zone
3300:Mountains
3263:Coastline
3229:Geography
2042:21 August
1811:June 2023
1650:Languages
1622:soya bean
1531:butterfly
1487:Cichlinae
1387:Panaqolus
1370:L. pumila
1364:Loricaria
1352:Xyliphius
1324:Tocantins
1275:Corydoras
1270:angelfish
1194:(6%) and
1192:Cichlidae
1108:predators
919:epiphytes
901:. Little
895:evergreen
855:6,923,000
824:Venezuela
683:Tocantins
581:1,190,147
409:1,559,159
160:watershed
138:Geography
109:Venezuela
5695:Category
5086:Tasmania
5034:Hispanic
4897:Northern
4844:Germanic
4822:Atlantic
4764:Southern
4725:Northern
4691:Caucasus
4627:Dead Sea
4598:Caucasus
4566:Southern
4559:Maritime
4554:Mainland
4527:Northern
4508:Far East
4467:Aral Sea
4390:Southern
4334:Northern
4049:Suriname
4039:Paraguay
4024:Colombia
3941:Category
3879:Hinduism
3828:Maronite
3807:Buddhism
3789:Religion
3754:Painting
3704:Carnaval
3586:Abortion
3532:Taxation
3504:Industry
3428:Military
3354:Politics
3335:Wildlife
3305:Pantanal
3174:Timeline
3158:articles
3062:"Amazon"
2970:19392955
2962:18096805
2835:30 April
2825:sp. (1)"
2802:26299792
2738:30 April
2508:FishBase
2480:FishBase
2452:FishBase
2424:FishBase
2371:86617207
2336:27312713
2269:83788515
2211:83509448
2063:Mongabay
1999:"Amazon"
1837:See also
1734:bushmeat
1730:Charcoal
1629:ranching
1349:), some
1342:Cetopsis
1308:cavefish
1306:Several
1285:piranhas
1254:tambaqui
1250:arapaima
1203:arapaima
1135:Paraguay
1100:humidity
1084:habitats
1043:Reptiles
979:capybara
937:Wildlife
903:sunlight
808:1,739.5
802:967,176
776:345,293
772:Colombia
724:146,688
611:Rondônia
503:Maranhão
437:Brasília
403:Amazonas
312:4,167.3
280:724,000
240:Country
217:Colombia
177:, it is
164:Yerupajá
124:Amazonia
105:Suriname
89:Colombia
71:and its
5287:Oceania
5275:by area
5231:America
5208:Islands
5058:Oceania
4927:Midwest
4882:Central
4849:Romance
4817:Western
4686:Balkans
4681:Eastern
4676:Central
4644:Mashriq
4588:Western
4532:Siberia
4484:Eastern
4462:Central
4395:Western
4368:Central
4344:Mashriq
4339:Maghreb
4329:Saharan
4275:America
4268:Eurasia
4140:regions
4054:Uruguay
4029:Ecuador
4009:Bolivia
3925:Outline
3904:Umbanda
3884:Judaism
3835:Melkite
3719:Cuisine
3681:Culture
3666:Welfare
3574:Society
3542:Tourism
3499:Exports
3457:Economy
3315:Regions
3290:Islands
3285:Geology
3251:Climate
3166:History
2994:10 June
2942:Bibcode
2934:Science
2090:"HyBam"
1742:turtles
1660:Spanish
1594:Iquitos
1579:Iquitos
1559:climate
1545:Climate
1524:beetles
1520:insects
1508:Insects
1478:Family
1471:Family
1464:Family
1457:Family
1450:Family
1443:Family
1436:Family
1401:rivulid
1339:, some
1301:candiru
1277:catfish
1207:piraiba
1163:endemic
1131:piranha
1064:reptile
1037:parrots
1021:toucans
1013:cotinga
967:rodents
959:mammals
953:Mammals
907:Orchids
828:53,000
750:12,224
718:Ecuador
689:278,421
653:224,301
647:Roraima
617:237,591
591:1,053.1
545:723,470
473:212,131
419:1,848.3
337:164,123
274:Bolivia
229:Ecuador
225:Bolivia
93:Ecuador
81:Bolivia
45:Guianas
5574:Global
5564:Arctic
5503:Rivers
5481:Other
5415:Oceans
5270:Europe
5226:Africa
5019:French
4892:Middle
4854:Slavic
4839:Celtic
4740:Nordic
4730:Baltic
4668:Europe
4622:Levant
4316:Africa
4152:Worlds
4034:Guyana
4014:Brazil
3946:Portal
3802:Baháʼí
3774:Sports
3714:Comics
3709:Cinema
3641:People
3616:Health
3509:Mining
3494:Energy
3320:Rivers
3156:
3154:Brazil
3078:
2968:
2960:
2914:
2800:
2605:
2580:
2552:
2369:
2351:Copeia
2334:
2291:
2267:
2209:
2074:8 June
1985:
1768:Brazil
1644:Maloca
1638:, and
1633:rubber
1612:, and
1606:Manaus
1598:Loreto
1429:Order
1422:Order
1266:discus
1198:(3%).
1180:rapids
1139:Paraná
1033:macaws
1029:Macaws
1023:, and
975:ocelot
971:jaguar
946:Jaguar
746:Guyana
730:258.4
509:39,396
373:44,870
302:Brazil
243:State
107:, and
97:Guyana
85:Brazil
5551:Polar
5496:lists
5491:Lakes
5310:ocean
5029:Ibero
5024:Latin
5014:Anglo
4136:Earth
4019:Chile
3932:Index
3874:Islam
3734:Music
3671:Youth
3601:Crime
3514:Real
2966:S2CID
2765:6 May
2367:S2CID
2265:S2CID
2207:S2CID
1701:rafts
1685:COICA
1636:latex
1614:Belém
1555:flood
1262:oscar
1172:white
1080:frogs
1062:Many
993:Birds
873:100.0
867:7,280
861:100.0
834:60.0
811:23.9
805:14.0
785:10.4
699:115.1
663:211.6
627:140.6
555:490.6
467:Goiás
443:1,010
367:Amapá
347:144.2
315:57.2
309:67.5
283:10.4
257:(km)
248:(km)
246:Area
5508:Seas
5265:Asia
4537:Ural
4449:Asia
4378:Horn
4373:East
4142:and
4044:Peru
3699:Arts
3401:LGBT
3076:ISBN
3044:2023
3019:2023
2996:2023
2958:PMID
2912:ISBN
2837:2017
2798:PMID
2767:2017
2740:2017
2603:ISBN
2578:ISBN
2550:ISBN
2355:2002
2332:PMID
2289:ISBN
2163:2014
2076:2014
2044:2018
1983:ISBN
1740:and
1738:deer
1703:and
1658:and
1627:and
1618:Pará
1602:Peru
1583:Peru
1549:The
1384:and
1355:and
1333:and
1299:and
1279:and
1252:and
1217:and
1205:and
1174:and
1151:fish
1141:and
1114:Fish
1092:skin
1055:and
1047:The
1005:bird
985:and
983:puma
965:and
963:bats
929:and
909:and
897:and
837:0.8
831:0.8
798:Peru
782:755
779:5.0
759:0.1
756:8.8
753:0.2
733:3.6
727:2.1
622:5.08
596:14.5
586:25.5
575:Pará
550:15.5
483:96.7
448:0.02
424:25.4
414:33.3
383:57.7
331:Acre
289:4.0
286:291
261:(%)
252:(%)
227:and
192:are
183:Nile
156:Peru
150:and
101:Peru
59:The
5518:Rim
5308:By
5216:By
4072:and
3862:LDS
3418:Law
3108:by
2950:doi
2938:318
2860:doi
2790:doi
2689:doi
2656:doi
2359:doi
2322:doi
2257:doi
2199:doi
2195:116
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1600:in
1389:nix
1291:),
704:1.6
694:6.0
668:2.9
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632:1.9
560:6.7
524:0.1
519:9.4
514:0.8
488:1.3
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