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are both dark brown with three irregular bars of large white spots. They have white underparts with broad brown or rufous brown streaks. They measure 14–15 cm in length, adults typically weigh approximately 60 g. There is no observed sexual dimorphism in adults, meaning that males and females look
471:
Only one nest has been documented in published literature, in French Guiana. The nest was situated in a used woodpecker hole, and two adults were present. One adult stayed near the nest at all times. Each adult only left for short periods of time to forage, under 15 minutes. This suggests a high
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level of parental care. A large cicada and a small unidentified bird were both brought back to the nest and fed to the young. The adults were seen panting with half-open beaks during the hottest hours of the day and frequently sang a soft, descending, high-pitched trill of notes.
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The
Amazonian pygmy owl is very small, which is indicated by its name "glaucidium", meaning little owl. Adults have a large round head that is spotted with black marks, falsely looking like eyes. Their crown is a gray-brown color, spotted with very small white dots.
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identical. Juveniles appear similar to adults, but with an unspotted crown, and with less distinct streaking on underparts. They have bright golden yellow irises, a greenish yellow bill, and a pale yellow
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due to its large range. The IUCN also lists the population as decreasing. The population size has not been quantified. Research has shown canopy loss and fragmentation in the Amazon basin due to
463:, and individuals perch quietly in one place for long periods of time. As a result, sightings are rare even during the day. Existing observations suggest that they are socially monogamous.
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298:, the pygmy owls, which are widely distributed across the Americas, Africa, and Eurasia. Until 1989, the Amazonian pygmy owl was not considered distinct from the
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306:. New research suggested that the Amazonian pygmy owl was distinct, restricting the least pygmy owl to Atlantic forests of southeastern
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of tall, humid, tropical evergreen forests. They have been observed at elevations ranging from the lowlands to above 1100 meters.
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Very little information exists on the diet of these birds. They presumably prey on large arthropods and small vertebrates.
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The
Amazonian pygmy owl is one of the most common predators in the northern Amazon basin. It is frequently the subject of
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671:"Molecular Phylogeny of Owls (Strigiformes) Inferred from DNA Sequences of the Mitochondrial Cytochrome
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have been limited, but some analyses suggest that the
Amazonian pygmy owl is closely related to the
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1081:"Habitat fragmentation and the desiccation of forest canopies: A case study from eastern Amazonia"
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1009:"Increased risk of predation increases mobbing intensity in tropical birds of French Guiana"
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The main call of the
Amazonian pygmy owl consists of repeated, short, high-pitched tweets.
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Walker, Barry; Stotz, Douglas F.; Pequeño, Tatiana; Fitzpatrick, John W. (November 2006).
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Wink, Michael; El-Sayed, Abdel-Aziz; Sauer-Gürth, Hedi; Gonzalez, Javier (December 2009).
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504:. As a canopy-dweller, the Amazonian pygmy owl is likely affected by these changes.
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983:"Observations at a nest of Amazonian Pygmy Owl Glaucidium hardyi in French Guiana"
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310:. The holotype for the species is located at the Department of Zoology at the
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The
Amazonian pygmy owl occurs in the central and southwestern areas of the
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both in the Amazon and north of the Amazon, and extending east to eastern
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Hennessey, A. Bennett; Herzog, Sebastian K.; Sagot, Francisco (2003).
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Nieuwenhuyse, Dries van; Jean-Claude Génot; David H. Johnson (2011).
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Braun, Michael; Finch, David; Robbins, Mark; Schmidt, Brian (2007).
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Briant, Gaël; Gond, Valéry; Laurance, Susan G.W. (November 2010).
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Little owl: conservation, ecology and behavior of Athene noctua
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595:(1st pbk. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Ottema, Otte H.; Jan Hein J.M. Ribot; A.L. Spaans (2009).
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10.3158/0015-0754(2006)110[23:BOTMBR]2.0.CO;2
1056:"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Glaucidium hardyi"
824:(2nd ed.). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
905:. Brunoy, France: Société d'études ornithologiques.
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region. Its presence has been confirmed in northern
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546:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22689234A130162570.en
430:The habitat for the Amazonian pygmy owl is the
426:Two Amazonian pygmy owls perched in the canopy.
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870:Annotated checklist of the birds of Suriname
288:The Amazonian pygmy owl is a member of the
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857:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.
805:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
292:family, the true owls. It is in the genus
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40:
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727:(2nd ed.). London: A & C Black.
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645:
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312:Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
855:A Field Checklist of the Birds of Guyana
238:Distribution of the Amazonian pygmy owl
1007:Tilgar, Vallo; Moks, Kadri (May 2015).
981:Deville, Tanguy; Ingels, Johan (2012).
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936:"Birds of the Manu Biosphere Reserve*"
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492:The Amazonian pygmy owl is listed as
7:
759:Lista anotada de las aves de Bolivia
718:
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484:by its prey as a defense mechanism.
1470:IUCN Red List least concern species
1060:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
532:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
25:
1149:Amazonian Pygmy Owl photo gallery
108:
1145:on the Internet Bird Collection
647:10.1590/S0101-81751989000400014
521:BirdLife International (2018).
1490:Birds of the Amazon rainforest
634:Revista Brasileira de Zoologia
630:(Aves, Strigidae) da Amazônia"
1:
1097:10.1016/j.biocon.2010.07.024
775:Perú, Medio Putumayo-Algodón
1013:Journal of Tropical Ecology
872:. Paramaribo: WWF Guianas.
624:Vielliard, Jacques (1989).
1511:
1485:Birds of the Guiana Shield
1136:Amazonian Pygmy Owl videos
1114:BirdLife Species Factsheet
314:. Phylogenetic studies on
280:family, it is a true owl.
1025:10.1017/S0266467415000061
820:Hilty, Steven L. (2003).
539:: e.T22689234A130162570.
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105:Scientific classification
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901:Olivier Tostain (1992).
377:Distribution and habitat
361:. They have talons in a
1495:Birds described in 1990
1085:Biological Conservation
302:Glaucidium minutissimum
762:(in Spanish). Armonía.
427:
1480:Owls of South America
773:Nigel Pitman (2016).
723:König, Claus (2009).
626:"Uma nova espécie de
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330:Glaucidium bolivianum
696:10.5253/078.097.0425
568:"Appendices | CITES"
442:Behavior and ecology
343:Physical description
35:Amazonian pygmy owl
990:Neotropical Birding
322:Glaucidium jardinii
252:Amazonian pygmy owl
58:Conservation status
18:Amazonian Pygmy-owl
1141:2007-10-15 at the
822:Birds of Venezuela
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328:Yungas pygmy owl (
320:Andean pygmy owl (
276:. A member of the
268:found in northern
1457:
1456:
1447:Glaucidium-hardyi
1416:Open Tree of Life
1216:Glaucidium_hardyi
1202:Glaucidium hardyi
1172:Glaucidium hardyi
1164:Taxon identifiers
1091:(11): 2763–2769.
940:Fieldiana Zoology
903:Oiseaux de Guyane
879:978-99914-7-022-1
831:978-1-4008-3409-9
784:978-0-9828419-6-9
734:978-1-4081-0884-0
725:Owls of the World
636:(in Portuguese).
602:978-0-521-71420-4
525:Glaucidium hardyi
502:selective logging
300:least pygmy owl (
262:Hardy's pygmy owl
260:), also known as
257:Glaucidium hardyi
248:
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214:Glaucidium hardyi
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16:(Redirected from
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1475:Glaucidium (owl)
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488:Conservation
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382:Distribution
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274:Amazon Basin
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162:Strigiformes
29:
1390:Neotropical
1325:iNaturalist
1196:Wikispecies
777:. Chicago.
552:11 November
338:Description
91:Appendix II
1464:Categories
1442:Xeno-canto
1065:2021-03-09
628:Glaucidium
577:2022-01-14
508:References
363:zygodactyl
316:Glaucidium
295:Glaucidium
183:Glaucidium
1033:0266-4674
960:0015-0754
888:495314550
840:649913131
801:cite book
793:970394296
743:727647969
705:0373-2266
656:0101-8175
611:704526267
572:cites.org
436:subcanopy
400:Venezuela
350:Rectrices
290:Strigidae
278:Strigidae
221:Vielliard
190:Species:
172:Strigidae
128:Kingdom:
122:Eukaryota
1429:Species+
1369:22689234
1343:10218128
1242:22689234
1237:BirdLife
1181:Wikidata
1139:Archived
1124:peruaves
1041:84934604
996:: 23–26.
968:86684774
921:26851006
455:Behavior
408:Suriname
388:Amazonia
354:remidges
326:and the
284:Taxonomy
272:and the
264:, is an
168:Family:
142:Chordata
138:Phylum:
132:Animalia
118:Domain:
78:IUCN 3.1
1395:amapyo1
1317:5232089
1304:1178266
1291:amapyo1
1265:amapyo1
1224:Avibase
1187:Q287071
1119:cornell
496:by the
476:Ecology
467:Nesting
461:diurnal
418:Habitat
392:Bolivia
178:Genus:
158:Order:
148:Class:
93: (
76: (
1421:381785
1382:126883
1356:555449
1255:114401
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432:canopy
410:, and
404:Guyana
308:Brazil
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