22:
105:
510:
357:
687:
carrying orchestral colouring to the utmost pitch of perfection, he never allows it to overpower the voices. With a little more boldness and individuality of melody this accomplished writer, artist, and poet â master of all moods and passing in turn from melancholy musings to the liveliest banter â would rank with the leaders of the modern school of composers; as it is, the purity and diversity of his style make him a first-rate dramatic composer.
2260:
2450:
658:
2322:
695:, Langham Smith writes, "In the context of French opera of the late 19th century Thomas was a figure of considerable importance, an imaginative innovator and a master of musical characterization." Langham Smith concludes that after years of neglect, Thomas' work saw a considerable revival, beginning in the late 20th century, with major productions of
200:
437:(obligatory at the Opéra) and a happy ending, with Hamlet acclaimed as king, the work was successful not only in Paris but in London. Despite disparaging reviews of the libretto from English-speaking critics at the time and subsequently, the work has remained an occasional part of the operatic repertoire; later singers of Ophelia included
686:
He brings to his task an inborn instinct for the stage, and a remarkable gift of interpreting dramatic situations of the most varied and opposite kinds. His skill in handling the orchestra is consummate, both in grouping instruments of different timbre, and obtaining new effects of sound; but though
740:. She concludes that at his best â which he was not always â Thomas wrote delightful and individual music, was capable of orchestration that is "often quite ravishing", and musically conveyed the character of the important roles strongly and clearly. "If Thomas had written no stage works except
398:. Forbes writes that, unusually, Thomas had the advantage of a well-judged and theatrically effective libretto, and that although in the novel Mignon dies, the happy ending works well in the opera. (A happy ending was then compulsory at the Opéra-Comique: it was another nine years before
570:, said in his letter offering Thomas the post, "You are so obviously fitted for the office that if I did not nominate you I should seem to be signing your dismissal from a post already yours." As director Thomas ran an intransigently conservative regime. The music of Auber,
1244:
Like many other composers, Thomas made several attempts to secure election to the Académie (also known as the "Institut"). This successful application was his third attempt. Berlioz, another candidate to succeed
Spontini, had to wait another five years before being
79:
as director. Between then and his death at his home in Paris twenty-five years later, he modernised the
Conservatoire's organisation while imposing a rigidly conservative curriculum, hostile to modern music, and attempting to prevent composers such as
1623:
123:
Willaume (1780â1866), both music teachers. By the age of ten he was already an experienced pianist and violinist. When he was twelve his father died, and
Ambroise's elder brother Charles moved to Paris, where he played the cello in the
566:. The following year Auber resigned as director of the Conservatoire, shortly before his death, and Thomas was appointed his successor. He was so widely seen as Auber's heir apparent that the minister of education,
672:
observes, it is not clear whether
Chabrier meant that Thomas' music was worse than bad, somewhere between good and bad, or something else. A contemporary assessment was given in the first edition of
1620:
597:
Thomas was, on the other hand, innovative in the running of the
Conservatoire: he increased the number of classes, improved the conditions of the faculty, and expanded the curriculum to include
530:
72:, in 1837. He wrote twenty further operas over the next decades, mostly comic, but he also treated more serious subjects, finding considerable success with audiences in France and abroad.
187:, who encouraged him and wrote about him favourably. During his Italian sojourn he wrote chamber music â a piano trio, a string quintet and a string quartet â and a set of six songs,
2497:
586:
were kept rigorously out of the curriculum. Thomas strove to keep progressive musicians from being appointed to the faculty of the
Conservatoire â unsuccessfully in the case of
295:, the governor of "Richemont", where the action takes place. The premiere in Paris was followed by productions in many European and American theatres. The work, described by
91:
Thomas' operas were generally neglected during most of the 20th century, but in more recent decades they have experienced something of a revival both in Europe and the US.
2512:
305:, was premiered. It has not survived in the operatic repertoire, but the overture became a popular orchestral showpiece. In 1851, following the death of the composer
1343:
wrote, "The little there is of Hamlet in the opera has not been understood by the composer of the music or the author of the libretto". After later performances at
519:
601:, sight-reading and compulsory orchestral practice. The faculty under Thomas included, at various times the composers Franck, Théodore Dubois, Jules Massenet and
262:"; it remained in the French operatic repertoire throughout the nineteenth century, and achieved more than four hundred performances over the next fifty years.
531:
2552:
2532:
325:. He remained on the staff, as professor and subsequently director, until his death forty years later. Over these years his students included the composers
2492:
2288:
370:
During the 1850s Thomas continued to compose, writing five operas, none of which made much impression. After a fallow spell in the early 1860s he wrote
232:
Wigmaker, 1838) was followed in the next decade by six more, none of which made any permanent impression. During this period he also composed a ballet (
2482:
2354:
2307:
1808:
1764:
1877:
1690:
1232:
2453:
2502:
1256:
674:
2507:
2487:
301:
as "a little masterpiece", was frequently revived, but fell out of the repertory after the composer's death. Later in 1850 Thomas' next opera,
2547:
2244:
2148:
2126:
2104:
2078:
2034:
1978:
2395:
2537:
1363:("a perfectly abominable French travesty of Hamlet" â this despite Beecham's inclusion of the piece in his 1910 season at Covent Garden.)
394:
2527:
1968:
748:
he would probably be more widely recognized as one of the most influential and important of French 19th-century operatic composers."
350:
2372:
2196:
763:
133:
2517:
1261:
645:
Thomas died in his flat in the
Conservatoire in 1896, aged 84, of congestion of the lungs. He was survived by his widow, Elvire,
404:
defied the convention there, ending with the death of the main character.) The strong original cast featured, in the title role,
668:'s jibe, "There is good music, there is bad music, and then there is Ambroise Thomas" is often quoted, but, as the musicologist
191:. After leaving Rome, Thomas stayed briefly in Germany, before returning to Paris in 1835, when he began writing for the stage.
2522:
2088:
247:
1646:
1566:
216:(The Double Ladder, 1837), a one-act comedy, praised by Berlioz for its "extreme vivacity and wit". It was produced at the
2347:
2158:
1601:
635:
172:
433:, further adapted as a libretto by Carré and Barbier. Although the adaptation was seen as a travesty of the play, with a
2542:
1359:("No one but a barbarian or a Frenchman would have dared to make such a lamentable burlesque of so tragic a theme") and
279:
21:
1285:
405:
2326:
1655:
389:
310:
104:
1930:
1455:
1373:
538:
145:
2403:
2340:
2278:
1421:
706:
Forbes writes that Thomas was an eclectic composer able to write in a wide variety of styles. She identifies
1785:
563:
470:
258:
252:
109:
649:
Remaury (1827â1910), whom he married in 1878. He was succeeded as director of the
Conservatoire by Dubois.
2435:
1265:
494:
168:
129:
61:
2048:
1325:
2303:
1728:
1355:
1305:
669:
270:
141:
321:
In 1856 Thomas was appointed professor of composition at the
Conservatoire, under the directorship of
2477:
2472:
2411:
714:
the first of his works to show true originality, though nonetheless clearly showing the influence of
579:
128:
orchestra. In 1828, aged 17, Ambroise joined him in Paris, where he was admitted as a student by the
2066:
1273:
925:
707:
571:
559:
488:
Later in Thomas' life his academic career largely overtook his activities as a composer, and after
418:
360:
1293:
2180:
156:
45:; 5 August 1811 â 12 February 1896) was a French composer and teacher, best known for his operas
2162:
356:
338:
2240:
2219:
2202:
2192:
2168:
2144:
2122:
2100:
2074:
2054:
2030:
2013:
1996:
1974:
1344:
715:
665:
575:
462:
422:
297:
292:
288:
274:
149:
140:. He won premiers prix in these subjects in 1829 and 1830. He went on to study the piano with
1309:
2259:
1537:
1339:
1317:
1301:
679:
639:
591:
364:
342:
306:
217:
85:
1071:"Fantaisie brillante, piano, orchestra/string quartet, undated, arranged for piano, c. 1836
75:
Thomas was appointed as a professor at the
Conservatoire in 1856, and in 1871 he succeeded
2427:
2114:
1934:
1650:
1627:
1605:
1500:
1459:
1289:
1281:
606:
466:
426:
425:
as Ophelia. The opera was distantly based on Shakespeare by way of a French adaptation by
413:
346:
330:
41:
1269:
737:
587:
385:
81:
2231:
Sen, Suddhaseel (2013). "Shakespeare reception in France: the case of Ambroise Thomas'
2136:
2044:
1394:
1390:
1360:
1228:
728:
723:
631:
610:
602:
583:
578:
was regarded as the correct model for students, and early French music such as that of
474:
326:
184:
137:
125:
53:
26:
2466:
2283:
2277:
2273:
2185:
1377:
454:
438:
381:
334:
1988:
1643:
1349:
1277:
921:
498:(1882), which was well received but did not enter the regular operatic repertoire.
446:
430:
322:
164:
119:, the youngest of four children of Martin Thomas (1770â1823) and his wife, Jeanne,
76:
65:
1380:
and shot by the French government eleven days later â before Thomas was appointed.
2093:
1297:
529:
477:. Although Thomas had by now a reputation for musical conservatism, the score of
1313:
657:
622:
590:, who was appointed against Thomas' wishes in 1872, but successfully as regards
567:
458:
450:
442:
434:
284:
221:
1598:
2387:
2206:
598:
594:
whose appointment to the Conservatoire was delayed until after Thomas' death.
550:
238:
229:
220:, received 247 performances, and in the next few years was given in Brussels,
204:
2223:
2172:
2058:
2017:
2000:
630:
at the Opéra-Comique, the octogenarian composer was embraced on the stage by
408:, a celebrated singer who later created the part of Carmen in Bizet's opera.
155:
In 1832, at his second attempt, Thomas won France's premier music prize, the
626:), but it made little impression. In 1894, after the 1,000th performance of
482:
180:
269:(The Summer Night's Dream, 1850), was also a popular success. The text, by
68:. He pursued a career as a composer of operas, completing his first opera,
2321:
199:
1321:
377:
2292:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 866.
718:. In later works, Thomas' music could still be derivative: Forbes cites
1927:
1452:
1579:
562:
in 1870 Thomas, though aged nearly sixty, volunteered to serve in the
175:, the head of the academy, with whom he shared an admiration for both
2419:
2164:
Gounod: sa vie et ses oeuvres d'apres des documents inedits, Volume 2
400:
372:
176:
47:
920:"Messe de l'Orphéon", TTBB, undated, Credo only; collaboration with
2332:
2264:
2258:
656:
355:
198:
103:
20:
411:
Thomas was similarly fortunate in his cast for his next success,
959:"Souvenirs d'Italie": 6 romances italiennes et venitiennes, 1835
243:
116:
2336:
1973:. Music from the Paris Conservatoire. Middleton: A-R Editions.
1697:, Oxford University Press, 2002. Retrieved 23 September 2018
236:, 1839). His first completely successful three-act opera was
1608:
BibliothĂšque nationale de France. Retrieved 23 September 2018
1337:
Reviewing the first British performance, the music critic of
796:"Storia di Colombo", scena e duetto, voices, orchestra, 1834
1815:, Oxford University Press, 2001. Retrieved 21 November 2019
1544:, Oxford University Press 2001. Retrieved 21 September 2018
1507:, Oxford University Press 2001. Retrieved 21 September 2018
1389:
It is unclear whether Simon knew that the French President,
1137:"6 caprices en forme de valses caractéristiques", op.4, 1835
953:
883:
775:
508:
171:. During his time there he became friendly with the painter
1567:"Le songe d'une nuit d'été d'Ambroise Thomas exhumé à Pari"
1312:). Among Thomas' other pupils were the pianist and teacher
376:, the work by which his name became most widely known. The
710:
and Auber as influences on his early works, and considers
224:, Berlin, Vienna and London. His first full-length opera,
904:"Messe solennelle", solo voices, chorus, orchestra, 1852
814:"Via", via!", canzone veneziano, 4 voices, piano, undated
1586:, Vol. 53, Fasc. 2 (JulyâDecember 1981), pp. 178 and 82
60:
Born into a musical family, Thomas was a student at the
309:, Thomas was elected to succeed him as a member of the
1634:, Oxford University Press. Retrieved 23 September 2018
950:
solo voice and piano, except where otherwise stated
481:
was innovative in one respect: its incorporation of
345:; and conductors who were Thomas' students included
88:
from influencing the students of the Conservatoire.
2379:
2099:. New Haven, US and London: Yale University Press.
2184:
2092:
1883:, Oxford University Press. Retrieved 28 July 2014
1149:"Fantaisie sur un air favori Ă©cossais", op.5, 1836
1080:"arr. of "La marseillaise" for military band, 1887
163:. The prize brought him three years' study at the
1227:A rare modern revival was staged by the director
793:"Duos Italiens-TĂ©resa", 2 voices, orchestra, 1834
1466:, Vol. 37, No. 637 (1 March 1896), pp. 165â166
1765:"Daniel, Francisco (Alberto Clemente) Salvador"
1158:"La dérobée", fantaisie sur un air breton, 1888
901:"Veni sponsa Christi", motet, TTBB, organ, 1836
892:"Ave verum", after Mozart, arr. Thomas, c. 1835
684:
1970:Contest pieces for trumpet or cornet and piano
1353:("an absurd travesty of the great original"),
898:"Sub tuum praesidium", motet, SSA, organ, 1836
2348:
2191:. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
2010:A Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Volume 4
1993:A Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Volume 1
1096:"La tempĂȘte, ballet fantastique, 3 acts, 1889
974:"Romance sur les paroles allemandes", c. 1835
287:appears as one of the characters, along with
8:
2498:Academic staff of the Conservatoire de Paris
2187:The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music
1941:, Vol. 138, No. 1857 (November 1997), p. 32
1077:"Chant du psaume laudate, violin, orch, 1883
971:"Romance sur les paroles anglaises", c. 1835
1372:Auber was briefly succeeded as director by
889:"Messe de Requiem", chorus, orchestra, 1833
620:(another treatment of a Shakespeare play â
2355:
2341:
2333:
2237:Shakespeare and the Culture of Romanticism
1899:, 16 May 1894, p. 5, and 19 May 1894, p. 6
1538:"Thomas, (Charles Louis) Ambroise (opera)"
799:"Maria e Leicester", 2 voices, piano, 1834
790:"Nel Foscarini", 2 voices, orchestra, 1834
2308:International Music Score Library Project
2143:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2073:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1685:
1683:
1616:
1614:
1257:Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians
1090:"La gipsy â 2nd act of 3-act ballet, 1839
675:Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians
265:Thomas' next work for the Opéra-Comique,
2216:Thomas Beecham: An Independent Biography
1763:Bourligueux, Guy, and Kristy Barbacane.
1495:
1124:"Souvenir", piano, violin/viola, undated
817:"ScĂšnes chorales" for mixed voices, 1853
638:decorated Thomas with the ribbon of the
616:In 1889 the Opéra staged Thomas' ballet
64:, winning France's top music prize, the
2513:Directors of the Conservatoire de Paris
2029:(third ed.). London: John Calder.
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1424:, Geneanet. Retrieved 24 September 2018
1410:
1220:
833:"Salut aux chanteurs de la France" 1859
787:"Nel iginia d'Asti", scena e aria, 1834
246:, 1849), described by the musicologist
2279:"Thomas, Charles Louis Ambroise"
2047:; H Villiers Barnett (trans) (1919) .
1732:, 22 July 1890, p. 2; and Reid, p. 108
1422:"Ambroise Thomas: Essai de Généalogie"
895:"O salutaris", motet, SAA, organ, 1836
805:"La charité du couvent", cantata, 1843
548:
1140:"L'absence", nocturne", op.8, c. 1835
917:"Agnus Dei", 3 voices, organ, c. 1895
40:
7:
1827:Nichols, p. 35; and Orenstein, p. 26
1726:, 9 June 1876, p. 6; "Royal Opera",
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1416:
1414:
907:"Pie Jesu", tenor, organ, 1864, 1896
811:"Hommage Ă Boieldieu", cantata, 1875
582:and modern music, including that of
212:The first opera Thomas composed was
2533:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
2071:Gabriel FaurĂ© â A Musical Life
1254:Other Thomas students mentioned in
827:"Choeur des gardes-chasses, c. 1857
492:, he composed only one more opera:
2493:19th-century French male musicians
820:"L'harmonie des peuples", c. 1855
808:"Hommage Ă Lesueur", cantata, 1852
802:"Della Pia", scena e romanza, 1834
640:Grand-Croix de la LĂ©gion d'honneur
634:, his junior by two years, before
453:, and among the Hamlets have been
136:and harmony and counterpoint with
16:French composer and music educator
14:
1881:The New Grove Dictionary of Opera
1771:, Oxford University Press, 2001.
1501:"Thomas, (Charles Louis) Ambrose"
1127:"Barcarolle", flute/violin, piano
1118:"Morceau" , trombone, piano, 1848
781:"Hermann et Ketty", cantata, 1832
764:List of operas by Ambroise Thomas
2553:Pupils of Jean-François Le Sueur
2483:19th-century classical composers
2449:
2448:
2320:
1580:"Berlioz Ă l'Institut Revisited"
1262:Louis-Albert Bourgault-Ducoudray
1014:"Le berger de la Reuss", c. 1870
962:"Adieu les beaux jours", c. 1835
930:"Ave Maria", SAT, organ, undated
845:"Les archers de Bouvines", 1863
549:Problems playing this file? See
527:
2167:(in French). Paris: Delagrave.
1798:Prod'homme and Dandelot, p. 127
1121:"Morceau" , violin, cello, 1850
1115:Romance, violin, piano, c. 1835
1047:"La folle d'Yarmouth", undated
722:(1857) as "an inferior copy of
703:in France, Britain and the US.
333:, and, late in Thomas' career,
2503:Burials at Montmartre Cemetery
2304:Free scores by Ambroise Thomas
1050:"L'aimable printemps", undated
1:
2508:Conservatoire de Paris alumni
2488:19th-century French composers
1659:. Retrieved 23 September 2018
1233:Théùtre Impérial de CompiÚgne
1210:Notes, references and sources
1112:String Quintet, op.7, c. 1839
992:"Belle folle espagnole", 1844
989:"La charité du couvent", 1843
34:Charles Louis Ambroise Thomas
2548:Prix de Rome for composition
2300:(Metz: Editions Serpentoise)
2235:". In Joseph M Ortiz (ed.).
2025:Loewenberg, Alfred (1978) .
1569:, Forumopera, 2 January 2017
1347:, the text was condemned by
1044:"C'est le bonheur", undated
1041:"Belle, ayez pitie", undated
914:"Beati mortui", voice, organ
854:"Le temple de la paix", 1867
784:"Silvio Pellico", 1831, lost
337:; future academics included
132:. He studied the piano with
2538:French male opera composers
2218:. London: Victor Gollancz.
2159:Prod'homme, Jacques-Gabriel
1397:out about succeeding Auber.
1316:. the pianist and composer
1035:"L'amiable printemps", 1900
1026:"Chanson de Margyane", 1896
1020:"Croyance", 2 voices", 1885
1008:"Ah sur ma parole", c. 1862
851:"Le carnaval de Rome", 1864
771:Non-operatic vocal: secular
226:Le perruquier de la RĂ©gence
2569:
2161:; Alfred Dandelot (1911).
2027:Annals of opera, 1597â1940
1809:"Gounod, Charles-François"
1789:, 22 February 1896, p. 230
1146:"Mazurka valaque", c. 1835
1106:String Quartet, op.1, 1833
980:"La vierge Marie", c. 1840
933:"Agnus Dei", 3 voices, org
879:Non-operatic vocal: sacred
485:into the instrumentation.
395:Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre
2528:French Romantic composers
2446:
2396:Le songe d'une nuit d'été
2370:
2053:. Boston: Small Maynard.
1933:23 September 2018 at the
1649:23 September 2018 at the
1626:23 September 2018 at the
1621:"Search: Ambroise Thomas"
1458:23 September 2018 at the
1374:Francisco Salvador-Daniel
1109:Piano Trio, op.3, c. 1835
1074:"Marche religieuse", 1865
1038:"Ainsi va le monde", 1903
995:"Ange et mortel", c. 1855
860:"La nuit du sabbat", 1869
830:"Le chant des amis", 1858
736:(also 1857) as imitating
539:United States Marine Band
351:DĂ©sirĂ©-Ămile Inghelbrecht
280:A Midsummer Night's Dream
267:Le songe d'une nuit d'été
1858:, 13 February 1896, p. 5
1845:Nectoux, pp. 224 and 263
1499:Langham Smith, Richard.
1286:Charles-Ădouard Lefebvre
1192:"10 pastorales", undated
1029:"Baissez les yeux", 1897
1001:"Le petit chou", c. 1861
986:"Ah sur ma parole", 1842
863:"L'Atlantique", undated
2518:French ballet composers
2289:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
2141:Debussy and the Theatre
2119:Ravel: Man and Musician
1967:Briscoe, James (2015).
1953:Grove, Volume 4, p. 104
1943:(subscription required)
1926:Langham Smith Richard.
1885:(subscription required)
1867:Grove, Volume 1, p. 393
1856:The Manchester Guardian
1817:(subscription required)
1786:Illustrated London News
1773:(subscription required)
1745:, 4 October 1910, p. 10
1722:"Royal Italian Opera",
1709:"Royal Italian Opera",
1699:(subscription required)
1656:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1604:30 October 2017 at the
1588:(subscription required)
1546:(subscription required)
1509:(subscription required)
1468:(subscription required)
1324:composer and conductor
1290:Isidore-Edouard Legouix
857:"Paris!", Vaudin", 1867
691:In the 2001 edition of
558:On the outbreak of the
311:Académie des Beaux Arts
253:Il barbiere di Siviglia
144:, and composition with
110:Jean-Hippolyte Flandrin
2523:French opera composers
2296:Georges Masson, 1996.
2268:
2214:Reid, Charles (1961).
2121:. Mineola, US: Dover.
2008:Grove, George (1889).
1895:"M. Ambroise Thomas".
1578:Bloom, Peter Anthony.
1556:Loewenberg, column 881
1266:Charles-Alexis Chauvet
1152:"Valse de salon", 1851
1017:"Fleur de neige", 1880
689:
662:
537:Played in 1993 by the
513:
417:(1868), which starred
367:
363:as Hamlet, painted by
209:
169:French Academy in Rome
130:Conservatoire de Paris
112:
62:Conservatoire de Paris
30:
2262:
2012:. London: Macmillan.
1995:. London: Macmillan.
1908:Massenet, pp. 213â214
1729:The Pall Mall Gazette
1356:The Pall Mall Gazette
1186:"Elevazione", undated
1093:"Betty â 2 acts, 1846
1068:"Overture, 1832, lost
848:"Les traĂźneaux", 1864
734:Le carnaval de Venise
670:Richard Langham Smith
660:
512:
435:ballet-divertissement
427:Alexandre Dumas, pĂšre
406:Célestine Galli-Marié
359:
271:Joseph-Bernard Rosier
202:
146:Jean-François Lesueur
142:Friedrich Kalkbrenner
107:
42:[ÉÌbÊwaztÉmÉ]
24:
2329:at Wikimedia Commons
2263:Statue of Thomas in
2239:. Farnham: Ashgate.
2067:Nectoux, Jean-Michel
1713:, 21 June 1869, p. 2
1565:Rizoud, Christophe.
1164:"Printemps", undated
1143:"Andantino", c. 1835
998:"Sérénade", c. 1861
968:"La Patrie", c. 1835
965:"Doux abri", c. 1835
752:List of compositions
259:L'italiana in Algeri
2543:Musicians from Metz
2436:Françoise de Rimini
2404:La cour de CĂ©limĂšne
1854:"Ambroise Thomas",
1689:Forbes, Elizabeth.
1536:Forbes, Elizabeth.
1376:â appointed by the
1023:"Passiflore", 1887
839:"Le forgeron", 1861
560:Franco-Prussian War
495:Françoise de Rimini
419:Jean-Baptiste Faure
361:Jean-Baptiste Faure
159:, with his cantata
115:Thomas was born in
2269:
1928:"Good, Bad and..."
1813:Grove Music Online
1769:Grove Music Online
1695:Grove Music Online
1632:Grove Music Online
1542:Grove Music Online
1505:Grove Music Online
1361:Sir Thomas Beecham
1306:Johan Peter Selmer
1177:"Offertoire", 1858
1161:"RĂȘverie", undated
977:"C'est vous", 1840
866:"Chant patriotique
663:
661:Thomas, about 1865
605:, and the singers
514:
465:and more recently
368:
291:and Shakespeare's
277:, owes nothing to
210:
189:Souvenirs d'Italie
157:Grand Prix de Rome
113:
108:Thomas in 1834 by
31:
2460:
2459:
2412:Le roman d'Elvire
2325:Media related to
2246:978-1-4094-5581-3
2150:978-0-521-22807-7
2128:978-0-486-26633-6
2106:978-0-300-10882-8
2080:978-0-7145-3657-6
2036:978-0-7145-3657-6
1980:978-0-89579-814-5
1939:The Musical Times
1878:"Massenet, Jules"
1807:Huebner, Steven.
1599:"Ambroise Thomas"
1584:Acta Musicologica
1464:The Musical Times
1453:"Ambroise Thomas"
1155:"Cantabile", 1865
1059:
1058:
942:
941:
875:
874:
682:wrote of Thomas:
666:Emmanuel Chabrier
532:
463:Mattia Battistini
423:Christine Nilsson
298:The Musical Times
289:Queen Elizabeth I
275:Adolphe de Leuven
250:as "a mixture of
214:La double Ă©chelle
150:Auguste Barbereau
70:La double Ă©chelle
2560:
2452:
2451:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2334:
2324:
2293:
2281:
2250:
2227:
2210:
2190:
2176:
2154:
2132:
2115:Orenstein, Arbie
2110:
2098:
2084:
2062:
2050:My Recollections
2040:
2021:
2004:
1984:
1954:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1900:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1876:Milnes, Rodney.
1874:
1868:
1865:
1859:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1790:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1746:
1739:
1733:
1720:
1714:
1711:The Morning Post
1707:
1701:
1700:
1687:
1678:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1660:
1641:
1635:
1618:
1609:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1576:
1570:
1563:
1557:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1534:
1511:
1510:
1497:
1470:
1469:
1450:
1425:
1418:
1398:
1387:
1381:
1370:
1364:
1340:The Morning Post
1335:
1329:
1326:Gerónimo Giménez
1252:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1225:
1189:"Dirge", undated
1183:3 préludes, 1860
1032:"Souvenir", 1900
983:"Viens", c. 1840
954:
926:Fromental Halévy
884:
842:"Le Tyrol", 1862
776:
680:Gustave Chouquet
636:President Carnot
534:
533:
511:
343:Charles Lenepveu
307:Gaspare Spontini
248:Elizabeth Forbes
195:Composing career
161:Hermann et Ketty
134:Pierre Zimmerman
44:
39:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2442:
2375:
2366:
2364:Ambroise Thomas
2361:
2327:Ambroise Thomas
2317:
2298:Ambroise Thomas
2272:
2257:
2255:Further reading
2247:
2230:
2213:
2199:
2179:
2157:
2151:
2137:Orledge, Robert
2135:
2129:
2113:
2107:
2087:
2081:
2065:
2045:Massenet, Jules
2043:
2037:
2024:
2007:
1987:
1981:
1966:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1935:Wayback Machine
1925:
1921:
1917:Nectoux, p. 263
1916:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1836:Nectoux, p. 269
1835:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1782:
1778:
1772:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1740:
1736:
1721:
1717:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1688:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1651:Wayback Machine
1642:
1638:
1628:Wayback Machine
1619:
1612:
1606:Wayback Machine
1597:
1593:
1587:
1577:
1573:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1535:
1514:
1508:
1498:
1473:
1467:
1460:Wayback Machine
1451:
1428:
1420:Garric, Alain.
1419:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1401:
1388:
1384:
1371:
1367:
1336:
1332:
1282:Albert Lavignac
1253:
1249:
1243:
1239:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1174:"Absoute", 1857
1171:
1134:
1103:
1087:
1065:
1060:
1011:"Le soir", 1869
948:
943:
881:
876:
773:
759:
754:
655:
607:Pauline Viardot
574:and especially
564:Garde Nationale
556:
555:
547:
545:
544:
543:
542:
535:
528:
525:
515:
509:
504:
467:Sherrill Milnes
347:Edouard Colonne
339:Théodore Dubois
331:Gaston Serpette
319:
197:
102:
97:
95:Life and career
37:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2566:
2564:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2465:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2432:
2424:
2416:
2408:
2400:
2392:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2373:List of operas
2371:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2316:
2315:External links
2313:
2312:
2311:
2301:
2294:
2284:Chisholm, Hugh
2274:Hervey, Arthur
2256:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2245:
2228:
2211:
2197:
2177:
2155:
2149:
2133:
2127:
2111:
2105:
2089:Nichols, Roger
2085:
2079:
2063:
2041:
2035:
2022:
2005:
1985:
1979:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1946:
1919:
1910:
1901:
1888:
1869:
1860:
1847:
1838:
1829:
1820:
1800:
1791:
1776:
1756:
1747:
1734:
1715:
1702:
1679:
1677:Randel, p. 310
1670:
1668:Briscoe, p. iv
1661:
1636:
1610:
1591:
1571:
1558:
1549:
1512:
1471:
1426:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1395:Charles Gounod
1393:, had sounded
1391:Adolphe Thiers
1382:
1365:
1330:
1247:
1237:
1229:Pierre Jourdan
1219:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1180:"PriĂšre", 1859
1178:
1175:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1004:
1003:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
952:
947:
944:
940:
939:
935:
934:
931:
928:
918:
915:
910:
909:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
882:
880:
877:
873:
872:
868:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
836:"France", 1860
834:
831:
828:
823:
822:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
774:
772:
769:
758:
755:
753:
750:
678:(1889), where
654:
651:
611:Romain Bussine
603:Ernest Guiraud
546:
536:
526:
518:
517:
516:
507:
506:
505:
503:
500:
475:Thomas Hampson
421:as Hamlet and
327:Jules Massenet
318:
315:
196:
193:
183:; he also met
138:Victor Dourlen
101:
98:
96:
93:
29:, c. 1895
27:Wilhelm Benque
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2565:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2455:
2445:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2358:
2353:
2351:
2346:
2344:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2198:9780674372993
2194:
2189:
2188:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1989:Grove, George
1986:
1982:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1950:
1947:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1882:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1780:
1777:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1644:"Raoul Pugno"
1640:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1595:
1592:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1404:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1345:Covent Garden
1342:
1341:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1318:Francis Thomé
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1302:Olivier MĂ©tra
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1274:Octave Fouque
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1251:
1248:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1214:
1209:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
957:
956:
955:
951:
945:
938:
932:
929:
927:
923:
919:
916:
913:
912:
911:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
887:
886:
885:
878:
871:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
825:
824:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
779:
778:
777:
770:
768:
767:
765:
756:
751:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
730:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
704:
702:
698:
694:
688:
683:
681:
677:
676:
671:
667:
659:
652:
650:
648:
643:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
624:
619:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
595:
593:
592:Gabriel Fauré
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
554:
552:
540:
524:
523:
501:
499:
497:
496:
491:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
455:Victor Maurel
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
415:
409:
407:
403:
402:
397:
396:
391:
387:
383:
382:Jules Barbier
379:
375:
374:
366:
362:
358:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
335:George Enescu
332:
328:
324:
316:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
299:
294:
290:
286:
282:
281:
276:
272:
268:
263:
261:
260:
255:
254:
249:
245:
241:
240:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
218:Opéra-Comique
215:
207:
206:
201:
194:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
122:
118:
111:
106:
99:
94:
92:
89:
87:
86:Gabriel Fauré
83:
78:
73:
71:
67:
63:
58:
56:
55:
50:
49:
43:
35:
28:
23:
19:
2434:
2426:
2418:
2410:
2402:
2394:
2386:
2363:
2297:
2287:
2236:
2232:
2215:
2186:
2163:
2140:
2118:
2094:
2070:
2049:
2026:
2009:
1992:
1969:
1949:
1938:
1922:
1913:
1904:
1896:
1891:
1880:
1872:
1863:
1855:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1812:
1803:
1794:
1784:
1783:"Personal",
1779:
1768:
1759:
1750:
1742:
1737:
1727:
1724:The Observer
1723:
1718:
1710:
1705:
1694:
1673:
1664:
1654:
1639:
1631:
1594:
1583:
1574:
1561:
1552:
1541:
1504:
1463:
1385:
1368:
1354:
1350:The Observer
1348:
1338:
1333:
1294:Izydor Lotto
1270:Louis Diémer
1255:
1250:
1240:
1223:
1200:
1053:
949:
936:
922:Adolphe Adam
869:
761:
760:
745:
741:
738:Victor Massé
733:
727:
719:
711:
705:
700:
696:
692:
690:
685:
673:
664:
646:
644:
627:
621:
617:
615:
596:
588:CĂ©sar Franck
557:
521:
520:Overture to
493:
489:
487:
478:
471:Thomas Allen
447:Nellie Melba
431:Paul Meurice
412:
410:
399:
393:
386:Michel Carré
371:
369:
323:Daniel Auber
320:
302:
296:
278:
266:
264:
257:
251:
237:
233:
225:
213:
211:
203:
188:
165:Villa Medici
160:
154:
120:
114:
90:
82:CĂ©sar Franck
77:Daniel Auber
74:
69:
66:Prix de Rome
59:
52:
46:
33:
32:
18:
2478:1896 deaths
2473:1811 births
2181:Randel, Don
1754:Sen, p. 184
1314:Raoul Pugno
623:The Tempest
568:Jules Simon
502:Later years
459:Titta Ruffo
451:Mary Garden
443:Emma Albani
388:, based on
285:Shakespeare
222:New Orleans
100:Early years
51:(1866) and
2467:Categories
2207:1023745280
1741:"Hamlet",
1405:References
1378:Communards
1320:, and the
1169:Organ solo
1132:Piano solo
1063:Orchestral
732:" and his
618:La tempĂȘte
551:media help
483:saxophones
439:Emma Calvé
25:Thomas by
2224:500565141
2173:123185385
2117:(1991) .
2059:774419363
2018:906527163
2001:906527163
1897:The Times
1743:The Times
576:Meyerbeer
317:Professor
181:Beethoven
2454:Category
2276:(1911).
2183:(1996).
2139:(1982).
2091:(2011).
2069:(1991).
1991:(1879).
1931:Archived
1691:"Hamlet"
1647:Archived
1624:Archived
1602:Archived
1456:Archived
1322:zarzuela
1245:elected.
1235:in 1994.
1199:Source:
390:Goethe's
378:libretto
293:Falstaff
234:La Gipsy
57:(1868).
2388:Le caĂŻd
2310:(IMSLP)
2306:at the
2286:(ed.).
1961:Sources
1231:at the
1101:Chamber
1085:Ballets
716:Rossini
712:Le caĂŻd
599:solfĂšge
522:Raymond
380:was by
303:Raymond
239:Le caĂŻd
230:Regency
205:Le caĂŻd
185:Berlioz
38:French:
2439:(1882)
2431:(1868)
2428:Hamlet
2423:(1866)
2420:Mignon
2415:(1860)
2407:(1855)
2399:(1850)
2391:(1849)
2380:Operas
2243:
2233:Hamlet
2222:
2205:
2195:
2171:
2147:
2125:
2103:
2077:
2057:
2033:
2016:
1999:
1977:
1304:; and
1054:
937:
870:
757:Operas
746:Hamlet
742:Mignon
724:Gounod
720:Psyché
708:HĂ©rold
701:Hamlet
697:Mignon
628:Mignon
584:Wagner
580:Rameau
572:Halévy
541:(8:43)
490:Hamlet
479:Hamlet
429:, and
414:Hamlet
401:Carmen
392:novel
373:Mignon
208:, 1849
177:Mozart
173:Ingres
167:, the
54:Hamlet
48:Mignon
2282:. In
2265:Paris
2095:Ravel
1215:Notes
1201:Grove
946:Songs
762:See:
729:Sapho
693:Grove
653:Music
632:Verdi
365:Manet
242:(The
228:(The
126:Opéra
2241:ISBN
2220:OCLC
2203:OCLC
2193:ISBN
2169:OCLC
2145:ISBN
2123:ISBN
2101:ISBN
2075:ISBN
2055:OCLC
2031:ISBN
2014:OCLC
1997:OCLC
1975:ISBN
1260:are
924:and
744:and
699:and
609:and
473:and
449:and
384:and
349:and
341:and
273:and
256:and
244:Qaid
179:and
148:and
117:Metz
84:and
1300:);
1280:);
726:'s
647:née
121:née
2469::
2201:.
1937:,
1811:,
1767:,
1693:,
1682:^
1653:,
1630:,
1613:^
1582:,
1540:,
1515:^
1503:,
1474:^
1462:,
1429:^
1413:^
1310:de
1298:de
1292:;
1288:;
1284:;
1278:fr
1272:;
1268:;
1264:;
642:.
613:.
469:,
461:,
457:,
445:,
441:,
353:.
329:,
313:.
283::
152:.
2356:e
2349:t
2342:v
2267:.
2249:.
2226:.
2209:.
2175:.
2153:.
2131:.
2109:.
2083:.
2061:.
2039:.
2020:.
2003:.
1983:.
1328:.
1308:(
1296:(
1276:(
1203:.
766:.
553:.
36:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
