294:
populations in
Kentucky, Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, northern South Carolina, northern Georgia and northern Alabama. There is also a small isolated population within the southernmost tip of Indiana. They inhabit floodplain pine or broadleaf forests, especially near gum and cypress ponds. Adults live under the surface of leaf litter while larvae are aquatic and found in ponds and ephemeral, fish-free waters. Populations of terrestrial adults are directly limited by density of refuges (burrows, logs, crevices, etc) needed for shelter, thermoregulation, and avoiding desiccation.
31:
320:
75:
312:
50:
751:
331:, the mole salamander is found in habitats of moist forest debris, usually near a permanent source of water. The adult range is up to about 5 square metres (54 sq ft) and the animals migrate (up to 160 meters) to near bodies of water on rainy nights in winter when the breeding season approaches. The
293:
Mole salamanders are found in south eastern lowland areas of the Gulf
Coastal Plains of the United States. Their main range extends from eastern Texas to southern South Carolina and inland as far as southern Illinois. It is absent from southern Florida and Louisiana, and there are separate
280:
Mole salamanders are stocky, with short bodies and large heads. They can range from 4.5 to 10.9 cm (1.8 to 4.3 in) in length. Their weight can range from 3.5 to 10.5 g. They are normally gray or dark brown in color, with darker mottling and lighter gray undersides. Males can be
355:) are present, metamorphosis is more common. When ponds were dried it also showed higher rates of metamorphosis. If ponds do not dry out then they tend to stay in a paedomorphic state. When attacked, adults and juveniles lower their heads to expose their
387:" because the population trend is stable. Threats to this species include destruction of forest ponds and swamp habitat, the filling in or deepening of breeding ponds, and the introduction of predatory fish. In
302:
Mole salamanders breed between
October and March in semi-permanent ponds with surrounding areas suitable for burrowing and with adequate food. Males are less likely to mate in areas with multiple rival males.
554:
Rothermel BB, Luhring TM (2005) Burrow
Availability and Desiccation Risk of Mole Salamanders (Ambystoma talpoideum) in Harvested versus Unharvested Forest Stands. Journal of Herpetology 39:619–626.
648:
Williams RN, MacGowan BJ (2004) NATURAL HISTORY DATA ON THE MOLE SALAMANDER (AMBYSTOMA TALPOIDEUM) IN INDIANA. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIANA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, 1 13(2): 147- 150
708:
McAllister, Chris; Stanley, Trauth (1996). "Food habits of paedomorphic mole salamanders, Ambystoma talpoideum (Caudata: Ambystomatidae), from northeastern
Arkansas".
363:
and tadpoles. It has been revealed that A. talpoideum's diet consists almost completely of various arthropods and only a small number of other
Ambystomatidae larvae.
770:
940:
359:
which exude a noxious secretion. This salamander is an opportunistic feeder, eating almost anything smaller than itself which it can overpower, including various
992:
1069:
914:
566:
Ryan TJ, Plague GR (2004) Hatching asynchrony, survival, and the fitness of alternative adult morphs in
Ambystoma talpoideum. Oecologia 140:46–51.
953:
1079:
755:
867:
527:
862:
372:
281:
distinguished by the presence of a swollen cloaca. Larvae and paedomorphic adults are aquatic and have large feathery gills.
958:
875:
620:"Competition for Mates in the Mole Salamander, Ambystoma talpoideum: Tactics That May Maximize Male Mating Success"
74:
1074:
997:
827:
789:
285:
can be distinguished from other salamander larvae by the presence of two light stripes on their underside
880:
762:
185:
169:
901:
836:
467:
39:
984:
663:"Effects of Pond Drying Time on Metamorphosis and Survival in the Salamander Ambystoma talpoideum"
30:
1036:
690:
439:
392:
194:
69:
775:
319:
945:
1018:
888:
682:
631:
600:
311:
1023:
841:
581:"Life History Aspects of Paedogenic Populations of the Mole Salamander, Ambystoma talpoideum"
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592:
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136:
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966:
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54:
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893:
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979:
927:
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821:
812:
750:
468:"Natural History Data on the Mole Salamander (Ambystoma talpoideum) in Indiana"
229:
126:
686:
635:
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567:
498:"Species Profile: Mole Salamander (Ambystoma talpoideum) | SREL Herpetology"
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919:
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335:
are laid in the spring, during heavy rains. Some larvae undergo
906:
787:
729:"312 IAC 9-5-4: Endangered species of reptiles and amphibians"
410:
408:
268:
state. This salamander lives among the leaf litter on the
343:
and retain their gills. In larger bodies of water where
661:
Semlitsch, Raymond D.; Wilbur, Henry M. (1988-12-28).
796:
260:. Older sources often refer to this species as the
521:
519:
517:
472:Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science
8:
727:Indiana Legislative Services Agency (2011),
440:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T59069A11878224.en
466:Williams, Rod N; MacGowan, Brian J (2004).
784:
48:
29:
20:
618:Verrell, Paul A.; Krenz, John D. (1998).
568:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1563-x
438:
232:found in much of the eastern and central
404:
771:University of Georgia: Mole salamander
391:, the mole salamander is listed as an
656:
654:
264:because some individuals remain in a
7:
461:
459:
457:
1070:IUCN Red List least concern species
426:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
14:
776:Illinois Natural History Survey:
556:https://doi.org/10.1670/251-04A.1
763:Amphibian Species of the World:
749:
73:
272:, migrating to ponds to breed.
252:, with isolated populations in
373:Red List of Threatened Species
1:
1080:Amphibians described in 1838
579:Patterson, Karen K. (1978).
733:Indiana Administrative Code
710:The Southwestern Naturalist
415:Geoffrey Hammerson (2004).
1096:
200:
193:
175:
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70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
289:Distribution and habitat
324:
316:
433:: e.T59069A11878224.
322:
314:
16:Species of salamander
868:Ambystoma-talpoideum
842:Ambystoma_talpoideum
828:Ambystoma talpoideum
798:Ambystoma talpoideum
778:Ambystoma talpoideum
765:Ambystoma talpoideum
756:Ambystoma talpoideum
530:Ambystoma talpoideum
419:Ambystoma talpoideum
381:Ambystoma talpoideum
217:Ambystoma talpoideum
203:Salamandra talpoidea
179:Ambystoma talpoideum
353:Lepomis macrochirus
40:Conservation status
393:endangered species
325:
317:
262:tadpole salamander
161:A. talpoideum
1057:
1056:
1019:Open Tree of Life
790:Taxon identifiers
339:while others are
315:Paedomorphic male
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1075:Mole salamanders
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754:Data related to
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24:Mole salamander
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357:parotoid glands
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222:mole salamander
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72:
64:
53:
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630:(2): 121–138.
610:
591:(4): 649–655.
571:
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453:
403:
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368:
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347:fish like the
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207:Holbrook, 1838
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137:Ambystomatidae
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385:Least Concern
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337:metamorphosis
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283:A. talpoideum
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234:United States
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170:Binomial name
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55:Least Concern
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736:, retrieved
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539:. Retrieved
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505:. Retrieved
501:
492:
480:. Retrieved
478:(2): 147–150
475:
471:
444:. Retrieved
430:
424:
418:
380:
370:
367:Conservation
352:
326:
323:One egg mass
301:
298:Reproduction
292:
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279:
270:forest floor
261:
221:
216:
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178:
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159:
147:
18:
1032:SeaLifeBase
980:NatureServe
928:iNaturalist
850:AmphibiaWeb
822:Wikispecies
716:(1): 62–64.
536:AmphibiaWeb
446:20 November
276:Description
244:, north to
1064:Categories
673:(4): 978.
541:2013-12-06
507:2022-04-28
399:References
383:as being "
361:arthropods
327:Primarily
248:, east to
230:salamander
687:0045-8511
636:0005-7959
624:Behaviour
605:0045-8511
345:predatory
329:nocturnal
155:Species:
148:Ambystoma
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
985:2.103509
946:10884722
813:Q2161721
807:Wikidata
482:March 7,
349:bluegill
341:neotenic
307:Behavior
266:neotenic
254:Virginia
250:Kentucky
246:Illinois
195:Synonyms
186:Holbrook
133:Family:
117:Amphibia
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1024:1092549
920:2431944
695:1445721
389:Indiana
371:In its
258:Indiana
238:Florida
236:, from
226:species
224:, is a
143:Genus:
127:Urodela
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1044:uBio:
1011:201513
959:173604
907:330498
881:207523
738:28 Apr
693:
685:
667:Copeia
634:
603:
585:Copeia
379:lists
375:, the
220:, the
188:, 1838
1047:25760
1037:61337
972:59069
941:IRMNG
933:26737
691:JSTOR
242:Texas
998:8306
993:NCBI
967:IUCN
954:ITIS
915:GBIF
894:CQ5D
876:BOLD
855:3847
740:2012
683:ISSN
671:1988
632:ISSN
601:ISSN
589:1978
484:2016
448:2021
431:2004
377:IUCN
333:eggs
256:and
902:EoL
889:CoL
863:ASW
837:ADW
675:doi
628:135
593:doi
476:113
435:doi
240:to
228:of
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1021::
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995::
982::
969::
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852::
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809::
731:,
714:41
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689:.
681:.
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653:^
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532:"
528:"
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437::
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417:"
351:(
62:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
