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disguising their gender to fight in the war. Lee Taylor
Middleton, the author of "Hearts of Fire: Soldier Women of the American Civil War", has documented hundreds of such female soldiers. DeAnne Blanton and Lauren M. Cook, authors of "They Fought Like Demons: Women Soldiers in the American Civil War", document 240 soldiers in this work. DeAnne Blanton, a Senior Military Archivist at the National Archives in Washington, D.C., is updating her book and believes the number may be closer to seven hundred women. Almost all of the women did so disguised as men. Attitudes on this topic seem to vary widely. Some "hard-core" reenactment units will not admit women; others allow their presence if a real woman soldier is known to have fought in its real-life counterpart regiment; others admit anyone who wants to fight.
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dress, cook, eat, and even "die", just as real
American Civil War soldiers would have. Most reenactments have anywhere from 100 to thousands of participants, portraying U.S.A. or C.S.A. infantry, artillery, or cavalry forces. Some people, though uncommon, may portray Engineers or Marines. The 135th anniversary Gettysburg reenactment (1998) is generally believed to be the most-attended reenactment, with attendance estimates ranging from 15,000 to over 20,000 reenactors.
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318:. Character reenactors may also portray a civilian man, woman, or child of significance. These reenactors often do not participate in the actual combat portion of the reenactment and serve as narrators to the audience during the battle. Often, character reenactors have extensively researched the person they portray and present a first-person narrative of his story.
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who "dies" throughout the battle. Reenactors commonly refer to being killed or wounded as "taking a hit" and are typically left up to the individual's discretion, although greatly influenced by the battle's events. Because most battles are based on their historical counterparts, it is generally understood when to begin taking hits and to what extent.
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Strauss. "In the United States, hobby organizations participate in the public reenactment of historical events. The most popular is Civil War reenacting, which can be viewed as a manifestation of the unresolved nature of that war...Among reenactors, the quest for historical authenticity is considered
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Hadden, p. 4 "Civil War reenacting was done almost from the beginning of war, as soldiers demonstrated to family and friends their actions during the war, in camp, in drill, and in battle. Veterans organizations recreated camp life to show their children and others how they lived and to reproduce the
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Public demonstrations are smaller mock battles by reenacting organizations or private parties to show the public how people in the 1860s lived and the public
American Civil War battles. The battles are only loosely based on actual battles, if at all, and may consist of demonstrations of basic tactics
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occurred near the original battlefield. There have been several estimates of the number of participants. Still, it is widely agreed that it was the largest reenactment ever held anywhere in the world, with between 15,000 and 20,000 reenactors participating. About 50,000 spectators watched this event.
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were unpaid, money was contributed on their behalf to a trust for historic preservation; however, some subsequent productions have offered no such compensation. Also, in some cases, reenactors have clashed with directors over one-sided portrayals and historical inaccuracies. Some producers have been
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Tactical battles, which may or may not be open to the public, are fought like real battles, with each side devising strategies and tactics to defeat their opponent(s). They have no script, a basic set of agreed-upon rules (physical boundaries, time limit, victory conditions, etc.), and onsite judges
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Living histories are meant entirely for the education of the public. Such events do not necessarily have a mock battle but instead are aimed at portraying the life, and more importantly, the lifestyle, of the average
American Civil War soldier. This does include civilian reenacting, a growing trend.
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Although many periods are reenacted worldwide, American Civil War reenactment is, by far, the most popular in the US. In 2000, the number of Civil War reenactors was estimated at 50,000, though the number of participants declined sharply through the ensuing decade, to around 30,000 in 2011. Possible
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Hadden, p. 138 "Like soldiers of the Civil War, progressives experience the same poor conditions that the original soldiers did, camping without tents and sleeping out exposed to the cold and rain. They spend weekends eating bad and insufficient food and practice a steady regimen of work, marching,
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Scripted battles are reenactments in the strictest sense; the battles are planned so that the companies and regiments take the same actions that were taken in the original battles. They are often fought at or near the battleground or a place similar to the original. Non-reenactors commonly question
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Most mainstream reenactors try to appear authentic but may come out of character without an audience. Visible stitches are likely to be sewn in a period-correct manner, but hidden stitches and undergarments may not be period-appropriate. Food consumed before an audience is expected to be generally
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perspective on the turbulent times that gripped the nation, particularly if they can trace their ancestry back to those who fought in the war. In some cases, if there are not enough reenactors on one side, reenactors from the other side are asked to change sides, or "galvanize", for the day/event.
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reenactments have drawn a fairly sizable following of enthusiastic participants, young and old, willing to brave the elements and expend money and resources to duplicate the events down to the smallest recorded detail. Participants may even attend classes by event sponsors where they learn how to
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I think we're really fortunate to have those people involved. In fact, they couldn't be making this picture without them; there's no question about that. These guys come with their wardrobe, they come with their weaponry. They come with all the accoutrements, but they also come with the stuff in
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Total immersion events are made up solely of progressive ("hard-core authentic") reenactors, who often refer to them as "Events By Us and For Us" or "EBUFU". As the names imply, these events are held for the personal edification of the reenactors involved, allowing them to spend an extended time
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A typical
American Civil War reenactment occurs over a weekend, with the reenactors arriving on Friday and camping on site while spectators view the event on Saturday and Sunday. Usually, each reenactment is centered around a Saturday battle and Sunday battle (often, but not always, intended to
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Hardcore authentics generally seek an "immersive" reenacting experience, trying to live as much as possible as someone from the 1860s might have. This includes eating seasonally and regionally appropriate food, undergarments in a period-appropriate manner, and staying in character throughout an
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The term "FARB" was commonly used during the
Bicentennial Celebration of the Revolutionary War and stood for Far Off Resembles British, as a comment on the lack of authenticity of some of the groups who participated at that time. It became after that a statement as to the commitment of the
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Although women and children commonly participate in reenactments as civilians (portraying, for example, members of a soldiers' aid society), some women also take part in military portrayals. This is controversial within the reenactment community, although there are documented cases of women
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reasons for the decline include the cost of participating and the variety of other entertainment options. The 150th anniversary of the war has regenerated interest and stimulated growth in the hobby. The number of reenactors steadily climbed to past levels.
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In addition to military reenactment, a significant part of
American Civil War reenactment includes portraying civilians, including men, women, and children from infants to young adults. This can consist of portrayals as diverse as soldiers' aid societies,
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appropriate to the early 1860s but may not be seasonally and locally appropriate. Modern items are sometimes used "post battle" or in a hidden fashion. The typical attitude is to put on a good show, but that accuracy need only go as far as others can see.
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While Civil War re-enactment and re-enactors serve a purpose as part of educational living history, it may be perceived as culturally insensitive, especially in cases where some reenactors and audience members may engage in the broadly disproven
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commemorations. Reenacting grew in popularity during the 1980s and 1990s, primarily due to the success of the 125th
Anniversary reenactment near the original Manassas battlefield, which more than 6,000 reenactors attended. That year,
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At the other end of the spectrum from farbs are "hardcore authentics" or "progressives", as they prefer to be called. Sometimes derisively called "stitch counters", many people have misconceptions about hardcore reenactors.
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recreate an actual battle from the
American Civil War), in addition to many of the activities listed below. A traditional public reenactment is a three-day affair incorporating elements from the following categories.
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recreation borrowed a handgun that contained a "squib" (a bullet lodged halfway down the barrel). Without having inspected the gun before loading the blank charge, the reenactor wounded another in the neck.
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Living history is the only reenactment permitted on
National Park Service land; NPS policy "does not allow for battle reenactments (simulated combat with opposing lines and casualties) on NPS property."
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Occasionally, a spy trial is recreated, and a medic too. Warfare and cooking demonstrations, song and leisure activities, and lectures are more common. These should not, however, be confused with
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event. The desire for an immersive experience often leads hardcore reenactors to smaller events and set up separate camps at larger events, which other reenactors often perceive as elitism.
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marching, eating, and generally living like actual soldiers of the American Civil War. Total immersion events generally require participants to meet a high standard of
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Hadden, p. 23 "By living like the soldiers did, even for just a short time, the reenactors gain better understanding of how to wear the uniform and use the equipment."
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benefited greatly from the input of reenactors, who arrived on set fully equipped and steeped in knowledge of military procedures, camp life, and tactics.
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and drill. They suffer the cold, carrying insufficient clothing and blankets as well as sleeping campaign-style by spooning with each other for warmth."
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Hadden. p 4 "Without a doubt, Civil War reenactment got its boost during the centennial, which also saw the birth of the
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However, the relationship between reenactors and filmmakers has been contentious at times. Although reenactors for
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recreated battles as a way to remember their fallen comrades and to teach others what the war was all about. The
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Hadden, p. 6 "In 1986, the first of the 125th Anniversary battles was held near the original battlefield of
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Strauss, Mitchell (2001). "A Framework for Assessing Military Dress Authenticity in Civil War Reenacting".
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Reenactors are commonly divided (or self-divide) into three categories, based on the level of concern for
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Reasons given for participating in such activities vary. Some participants are interested in getting a
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Reenacting the American Civil War began even before the actual fighting had ended. American Civil War
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Reenactors in the Parks: A Study of External Revolutionary War Reenactment Activity at National Parks
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Hadden, p. 224 "Sometimes they are closed events, in which the public is not invited to observe."
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Motion picture and television producers often turn to reenactment groups for support; films like
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Another group of reenactors often is called "Mainstream." These reenactors are somewhere between
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852:. More than anything, this mega-event sparked an interest in the Civil War and reenacting."
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Although most common in the United States, there are also American Civil War reenactors in
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599:. It followed four Civil War reenactors and explored their relationship with the hobby.
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In 2016, Justin Miller and John Paul Pacelli produced and directed a documentary called
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Hadden, p. 138 "The hard-core movement is often misunderstood and sometimes maligned."
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Hobbyist or actor attempts to recreate battles or events from the American Civil War
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John Skow, et al., "Bang, Bang! You're History, Buddy," Time (August 11, 1986): 58.
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Details may be found in the "making of" features on the DVD versions of both films.
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937:"Massachusetts company still rolls out hardtack dough for Civil War enthusiasts"
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1305:"Re-enactor heals from mysterious shot Suspect fired gun belonging to stranger"
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478:. In most cases, little or none of the events will be open to public viewing.
1105:"Civil War reenactment etiquette: How – and when – to die on the battlefield"
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Confederate artillery reenactors fire on Union infantry reenactors during a
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authenticity of any group whose lack of attention to detail was apparent.
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veterans, and included reenactments of elements of the battle, including
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More than 45,000 British citizens served during the American Civil War.
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Word spread among roughly 50,000 Civil War buffs, and business boomed.
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magazine estimated there were more than 50,000 reenactors in the U.S.
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1390:(4). International Textile & Apparel Association, Inc.: 145–157.
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Some reenactors portray a specific officer or person such as General
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Confederate reenactors fire their rifles during a reenactment of the
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Confederates in the Attic: Dispatches from the Unfinished Civil War
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141:. Modern reenacting is thought to have begun during the 1961–1965
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1260:"'How to Load a Musket' Review: A Play About Reenactors Gets Real"
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Muskets and Memories: A Modern Man's Journey Through the Civil War
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Muskets and Memories: A Modern Man's Journey through the Civil War
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726:"62nd New York 'Anderson Zouaves' American Civil War Reenactment"
4262:
List of films and television shows about the American Civil War
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1285:"Investigation continues into shooting of Civil War re-enactor"
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camaraderie of shared experience with their fellow veterans."
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2014 public demonstration in a parade in Plainview, Minnesota
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397:, saloon proprietors, musicians, and insurance salespeople.
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is an effort to recreate the appearance of a particular
1378:" (PDF) National Park Service. Retrieved on 2008-07-28.
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Miller, J., & Pacelli, J. P. (Producers). (2016).
497:. Tactical battles might also be considered a form of
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This documentary can be found on the DVD of the film
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974:Fewer People Participate In Civil War Reenactments
493:or referees, and so could be considered a form of
269:and progressive. They are more common than either
155:In 1998, the 135th-anniversary reenactment of the
3948:Confederate States presidential election of 1861
1319:"Frenchman Pleads Guilty In Gettysburg Shooting"
872:"Welcome to reenactor.net's Civil War time/area"
553:
3772:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S.
1342:Reliving the Civil War: A reenactor's handbook
966:
964:
749:. 14th Louisiana Infantry Regiment and Company
536:In a documentary about the making of the film
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8:
1344:". Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1999.
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314:, or a less well-known officer such as Col.
793:"58th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment"
360:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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2016:
2009:
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768:"American Civil War Reenactors of Denmark"
609:, is about American Civil War reenactors.
125:, celebrating the 50th anniversary of the
1090:"Wilson's Creek National Battlefield FAQ"
380:Learn how and when to remove this message
1861:Treatment of slaves in the United States
1468:2013-2015 Civil War Reenactment Calendar
556:their head and the stuff in their heart.
3604:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War
1776:South Carolina Declaration of Secession
1458:American civil war reenactment in Italy
1092:. National Park Service. July 25, 2008.
665:
3589:Modern display of the Confederate flag
1453:The Civil War Living History Institute
1384:Clothing and Textiles Research Journal
1360:from the original on 18 September 2008
1217:Williams, Jeffrey S. (April 4, 2013).
1786:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers
998:"Women Military Reenactor's Homepage"
407:List of historical reenactment events
170:List of historical reenactment groups
7:
358:adding citations to reliable sources
3943:Committee on the Conduct of the War
3619:United Daughters of the Confederacy
1258:Soloski, Alexis (16 January 2020).
1188:Horwitz, Tony (February 22, 1999).
129:, was attended by more than 50,000
54:or other event associated with the
4013:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864
3352:impeachment managers investigation
1731:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
1423:The Civil War Reenactor's homepage
14:
3438:Reconstruction military districts
1886:Abolitionism in the United States
1841:Plantations in the American South
1756:Origins of the American Civil War
551:in the film, said of reenactors:
4292:
4283:
4282:
3421:Enforcement Act of February 1871
3394:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867
1438:http://www.thesewingacademy.org/
943:. August 7, 2000. Archived from
837:North-South Skirmish Association
703:. WBTS-forum.org. Archived from
674:"The American Civil War Society"
330:
4206:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864
4068:When Johnny Comes Marching Home
3629:Wilmington insurrection of 1898
1348:Heiser, John (September 1998).
1293:. Washington, PA. July 6, 1998.
874:. reenactor.net. Archived from
633:Confederate Lost Cause Ideology
575:covered hardcore reenacting in
401:Types of Civil War reenactments
4319:American Civil War reenactment
3309:Southern Homestead Act of 1866
1374:Stanton, Cathy (1999-11-01). "
48:American Civil War reenactment
1:
4324:Historical reenactment by war
3724:Ladies' Memorial Associations
3426:Enforcement Act of April 1871
3322:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
1433:Union Volunteers - Reenactors
1103:Farhi, Paul (July 15, 2011).
971:Douban, Gigi (July 4, 2011),
495:live action role-playing game
143:American Civil War Centennial
3857:Confederate revolving cannon
3599:Sons of Confederate Veterans
3470:South Carolina riots of 1876
3448:Indian Council at Fort Smith
3399:South Carolina riots of 1876
3364:Knights of the White Camelia
1856:Slavery in the United States
451:and maneuvering techniques.
197:Reenactor plays the fife at
4211:New York City riots of 1863
4036:Battle Hymn of the Republic
3787:United Confederate Veterans
3624:Children of the Confederacy
3614:United Confederate Veterans
3609:Southern Historical Society
2241:Price's Missouri Expedition
1711:Timeline leading to the War
1350:"The Great Reunion of 1913"
4340:
4179:Confederate Secret Service
3767:Grand Army of the Republic
3659:Grand Army of the Republic
3477:Southern Claims Commission
1396:10.1177/0887302X0101900401
1247:https://www.whentodie.com/
617:In 1998, a reenactor at a
485:
404:
167:
25:Battle of Chancellorsville
4278:
4167:Confederate States dollar
3978:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863
3973:Emancipation Proclamation
3867:Medal of Honor recipients
3820:
3803:
3755:Confederate Memorial Hall
3557:Confederate Memorial Hall
3530:Confederate History Month
3510:Civil War Discovery Trail
3411:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867
3217:Reconstruction Amendments
3203:
3192:
2769:
2756:
2008:
1979:
1826:Emancipation Proclamation
1691:
1680:
578:Confederates In The Attic
4241:U.S. Sanitary Commission
4152:Battlefield preservation
4058:Marching Through Georgia
3983:Hampton Roads Conference
3958:Confiscation Act of 1862
3953:Confiscation Act of 1861
3729:U.S. national cemeteries
3535:Confederate Memorial Day
3520:Civil War Trails Program
3389:New Orleans riot of 1866
1428:The Authentic Campaigner
1221:. Antietam Creek Press.
499:experimental archaeology
233:Categories of reenactors
203:Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
4162:Confederate war finance
3782:Southern Cross of Honor
3750:1938 Gettysburg reunion
3745:1913 Gettysburg reunion
3443:Reconstruction Treaties
3416:Enforcement Act of 1870
3299:Freedman's Savings Bank
1916:Lane Debates on Slavery
1741:Lincoln–Douglas debates
4221:Richmond riots of 1863
4147:Baltimore riot of 1861
3927:U.S. Military Railroad
3847:Confederate Home Guard
3579:Historiographic issues
3545:Historical reenactment
2044:Revenue Cutter Service
1911:William Lloyd Garrison
1820:Dred Scott v. Sandford
1504:Historical reenactment
1443:The Camp Chase Gazette
645:Historical reenactment
558:
469:Total immersion events
447:
428:Living history museums
206:
190:
44:
28:
4186:Great Revival of 1863
4063:Maryland, My Maryland
3852:Confederate railroads
3515:Civil War Roundtables
3384:Meridian riot of 1871
3379:Memphis riots of 1866
1936:George Luther Stearns
1921:Elijah Parish Lovejoy
1814:Crittenden Compromise
1354:National Park Service
1340:Hadden, Robert Lee. "
1290:The Observer-Reporter
979:National Public Radio
505:Reenactment and media
445:
438:Public demonstrations
196:
177:
123:Great Reunion of 1913
37:Battle of Chickamauga
34:
22:
4073:Daar kom die Alibama
3988:National Union Party
3664:memorials to Lincoln
3584:Lost Cause mythology
3289:Eufaula riot of 1874
3277:Confederate refugees
2490:District of Columbia
2117:Union naval blockade
1963:Underground Railroad
1751:Nullification crisis
1030:Hadden pp. 209, 219.
619:Battle of Gettysburg
607:How to Load a Musket
581:, released in 1998.
354:improve this section
294:Character reenactors
157:Battle of Gettysburg
127:Battle of Gettysburg
68:Civil War reenactors
4231:Supreme Court cases
3998:Radical Republicans
3777:Old soldiers' homes
3761:Confederate Veteran
3687:artworks in Capitol
3406:Reconstruction acts
3267:Colfax riot of 1873
2231:Richmond-Petersburg
1836:Fugitive slave laws
1766:Popular sovereignty
1746:Missouri Compromise
1736:Kansas-Nebraska Act
1604:Victorian England (
1110:The Washington Post
586:Jeffrey S. Williams
524:Field of Lost Shoes
322:Civilian reenactors
273:or progressives.
178:Reenactment at the
4052:A Lincoln Portrait
3993:Politicians killed
3917:U.S. Balloon Corps
3912:Union corps badges
3692:memorials to Davis
3562:Disenfranchisement
3433:Reconstruction era
3314:Timber Culture Act
3272:Compromise of 1877
2236:Franklin–Nashville
1906:Frederick Douglass
1809:Cornerstone Speech
1726:Compromise of 1850
1674:American Civil War
1612:American Civil War
1324:The New York Times
650:American Civil War
584:On April 4, 2013,
546:U.S. Major General
448:
210:American Civil War
207:
191:
56:American Civil War
45:
41:Danville, Illinois
29:
4306:
4305:
4274:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4104:Italian Americans
4089:African Americans
4046:John Brown's Body
3799:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3712:
3711:
3550:Robert E. Lee Day
3294:Freedmen's Bureau
3257:Brooks–Baxter War
3188:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3179:
2972:
2971:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2161:Northern Virginia
2107:Trans-Mississippi
2080:
2079:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1867:Uncle Tom's Cabin
1804:African Americans
1640:
1639:
1591:English Civil War
1245:. Retrieved from
530:Gods and Generals
390:
389:
382:
72:living historians
4331:
4296:
4286:
4285:
4109:Native Americans
4094:German Americans
3887:Partisan rangers
3882:Official Records
3822:
3805:
3697:memorials to Lee
3644:
3205:
3194:
2981:
2778:
2771:
2758:
2731:Washington, D.C.
2525:Indian Territory
2485:Dakota Territory
2443:
2360:Chancellorsville
2151:Jackson's Valley
2141:Blockade runners
2017:
2010:
1981:
1941:Thaddeus Stevens
1931:Lysander Spooner
1891:Susan B. Anthony
1693:
1682:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1644:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1474:
1407:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1329:
1328:
1327:. July 11, 1998.
1315:
1309:
1308:
1307:. July 19, 1998.
1301:
1295:
1294:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1255:
1249:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1195:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1170:
1167:
1161:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1071:
1067:
1058:
1055:
1049:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1031:
1028:
1022:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1000:. Archived from
994:
988:
987:
986:
985:
968:
959:
958:
953:
952:
933:
927:
923:
914:
911:
905:
902:
896:
893:
887:
886:
884:
883:
868:
862:
859:
853:
846:
840:
833:
827:
824:
818:
814:
808:
807:
805:
804:
795:. Archived from
789:
783:
782:
780:
779:
770:. Archived from
764:
758:
757:
755:
754:
743:
737:
736:
734:
733:
722:
716:
715:
713:
712:
697:
691:
690:
685:
684:
678:
670:
544:, who portrayed
482:Tactical battles
455:Scripted battles
421:Living histories
385:
378:
374:
371:
365:
334:
326:
304:Ulysses S. Grant
139:Pickett's Charge
4339:
4338:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4266:
4250:
4135:
4099:Irish Americans
4077:
4022:
3931:
3922:U.S. Home Guard
3862:Field artillery
3816:
3815:
3791:
3733:
3708:
3670:
3639:
3633:
3525:Civil War Trust
3492:
3486:
3374:Ethnic violence
3359:Kirk–Holden war
3238:
3199:
3176:
3110:
2968:
2912:
2765:
2740:
2694:
2447:
2434:
2265:
2246:Sherman's March
2226:Bermuda Hundred
2121:
2076:
2048:
2004:
2003:
1967:
1926:J. Sella Martin
1896:James G. Birney
1872:
1790:
1716:Bleeding Kansas
1704:
1687:
1676:
1671:
1641:
1636:
1553:
1527:
1506:
1501:
1414:
1381:
1363:
1361:
1347:
1337:
1332:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1268:
1266:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1240:
1236:
1229:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1115:
1113:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1079:Hadden, p. 139.
1078:
1074:
1068:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1048:Hadden, p. 224.
1047:
1043:
1039:Hadden, p. 138.
1038:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1021:Stanton, p. 34.
1020:
1016:
1007:
1005:
996:
995:
991:
983:
981:
970:
969:
962:
950:
948:
935:
934:
930:
924:
917:
913:Hadden, p. 220.
912:
908:
904:Stanton, p. 64.
903:
899:
894:
890:
881:
879:
870:
869:
865:
860:
856:
847:
843:
834:
830:
825:
821:
815:
811:
802:
800:
791:
790:
786:
777:
775:
766:
765:
761:
752:
750:
745:
744:
740:
731:
729:
724:
723:
719:
710:
708:
699:
698:
694:
682:
680:
676:
672:
671:
667:
663:
641:
628:
615:
507:
490:
484:
471:
466:
457:
440:
423:
414:
409:
403:
386:
375:
369:
366:
351:
335:
324:
316:Abram Fulkerson
312:Jefferson Davis
308:Abraham Lincoln
296:
283:
263:
247:
235:
180:American Museum
172:
166:
115:
39:reenactment in
17:
12:
11:
5:
4337:
4335:
4327:
4326:
4321:
4311:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4290:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4258:
4256:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4246:Women soldiers
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4201:Naming the war
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4032:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3837:Campaign Medal
3834:
3828:
3826:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3812:Related topics
3809:
3808:
3801:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3650:
3648:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3559:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3540:Decoration Day
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3496:
3494:
3493:Reconstruction
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3347:second inquiry
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3311:
3304:Homestead Acts
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3252:Alabama Claims
3248:
3246:
3244:Reconstruction
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3232:15th Amendment
3229:
3227:14th Amendment
3224:
3222:13th Amendment
3213:
3211:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2985:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2853:J. E. Johnston
2850:
2848:A. S. Johnston
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2788:R. H. Anderson
2784:
2782:
2775:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2650:South Carolina
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2625:North Carolina
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2451:
2449:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2350:Fredericksburg
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2290:Wilson's Creek
2287:
2282:
2276:
2274:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2102:Lower Seaboard
2099:
2094:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2025:
2023:
2014:
2006:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1958:Harriet Tubman
1955:
1954:
1953:
1946:Charles Sumner
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1800:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1781:States' rights
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1696:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1647:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1549:Tactical event
1546:
1544:Living history
1541:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1413:
1412:External links
1410:
1409:
1408:
1379:
1372:
1369:
1345:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1310:
1296:
1276:
1264:New York Times
1250:
1234:
1228:978-0989042109
1227:
1209:
1203:978-0679758334
1202:
1180:
1171:
1162:
1149:
1140:
1131:
1122:
1095:
1081:
1072:
1059:
1050:
1041:
1032:
1023:
1014:
989:
960:
928:
926:a core value."
915:
906:
897:
895:Hadden, p. 15.
888:
863:
854:
841:
828:
819:
809:
784:
759:
738:
717:
692:
664:
662:
659:
658:
657:
652:
647:
640:
637:
627:
624:
614:
611:
605:'s 2020 play
603:Talene Monahon
506:
503:
488:Tactical event
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2191:Morgan's Raid
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2136:Anaconda Plan
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947:on 2008-03-07
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464:Closed events
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412:Public events
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370:November 2009
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349:
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339:This section
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309:
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300:Robert E. Lee
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164:Participation
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64:United States
61:
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49:
42:
38:
33:
26:
21:
4157:Bibliography
4140:Other topics
4082:By ethnicity
4050:
4003:Trent Affair
3902:Signal Corps
3759:
3544:
3482:White League
3369:Ku Klux Klan
3282:Confederados
3209:Constitution
3081:D. D. Porter
2934:Breckinridge
2645:Rhode Island
2640:Pennsylvania
2395:Spotsylvania
2355:Stones River
2335:2nd Bull Run
2285:1st Bull Run
2171:Stones River
2072:Marine Corps
2039:Marine Corps
1878:Abolitionism
1865:
1818:
1627:World War II
1611:
1518:Authenticity
1387:
1383:
1362:. Retrieved
1322:
1313:
1299:
1288:
1279:
1267:. Retrieved
1263:
1253:
1242:
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1218:
1212:
1191:
1183:
1174:
1165:
1157:
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1143:
1134:
1125:
1114:. Retrieved
1108:
1098:
1084:
1075:
1053:
1044:
1035:
1026:
1017:
1006:. Retrieved
1002:the original
992:
982:, retrieved
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949:. Retrieved
945:the original
931:
909:
900:
891:
880:. Retrieved
876:the original
866:
857:
844:
831:
822:
812:
801:. Retrieved
797:the original
787:
776:. Retrieved
772:the original
762:
751:. Retrieved
747:"Who We Are"
741:
730:. Retrieved
720:
709:. Retrieved
705:the original
701:"WBTS Forum"
695:
687:
681:. Retrieved
668:
629:
616:
606:
601:
596:
594:
589:
583:
576:
573:Tony Horwitz
571:
566:
561:
559:
554:
537:
535:
528:
522:
516:
510:
508:
491:
476:authenticity
472:
458:
449:
432:
424:
415:
391:
376:
367:
352:Please help
340:
306:, President
297:
288:
284:
275:
264:
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248:
239:authenticity
236:
227:
223:
215:
208:
154:
147:
116:
76:
67:
47:
46:
27:in May 2008.
3963:Copperheads
3675:Confederate
3567:Black Codes
2893:E. K. Smith
2774:Confederate
2721:New Orleans
2716:Chattanooga
2580:Mississippi
2480:Connecticut
2448:territories
2439:Involvement
2400:Cold Harbor
2390:Fort Pillow
2380:Chattanooga
2375:Chickamauga
2325:Seven Pines
2315:New Orleans
2280:Fort Sumter
2221:Valley 1864
2054:Confederacy
1851:Slave Power
1831:Fire-Eaters
1622:World War I
1580:Renaissance
1532:Event types
1448:JonahWorld!
1243:When To Die
1196:. Vintage.
597:When To Die
549:John Buford
542:Sam Elliott
281:Progressive
135:Confederate
4313:Categories
4196:Juneteenth
3717:Cemeteries
3594:Red Shirts
3505:Centennial
3455:Red Shirts
2863:Longstreet
2793:Beauregard
2736:Winchester
2711:Charleston
2680:Washington
2615:New Mexico
2610:New Jersey
2470:California
2446:States and
2430:Five Forks
2415:Mobile Bay
2385:Wilderness
2365:Gettysburg
2345:Perryville
2330:Seven Days
2261:Appomattox
2186:Gettysburg
2146:New Mexico
2013:Combatants
1988:Combatants
1901:John Brown
1632:Korean War
1463:Reenactors
1364:2008-08-15
1335:References
1269:20 January
1158:Gettysburg
1116:2011-07-19
1008:2009-10-29
984:2011-07-19
951:2008-08-14
882:2014-09-24
803:2017-09-12
778:2017-05-27
753:2014-09-24
732:2014-09-24
728:. The 62nd
711:2014-09-24
683:2014-09-24
679:. ACWS Ltd
626:Criticisms
567:Gettysburg
562:Gettysburg
538:Gettysburg
512:Gettysburg
405:See also:
302:, General
261:Mainstream
218:historical
168:See also:
4174:Espionage
3968:Diplomacy
3936:Political
3892:POW camps
3638:Monuments
3465:Scalawags
3460:Redeemers
3198:Aftermath
3147:Pinkerton
3086:Rosecrans
3051:McClellan
2954:Memminger
2690:Wisconsin
2655:Tennessee
2575:Minnesota
2550:Louisiana
2425:Nashville
2370:Vicksburg
2300:Pea Ridge
2251:Carolinas
2206:Red River
2201:Knoxville
2181:Tullahoma
2176:Vicksburg
2156:Peninsula
2128:campaigns
1994:Campaigns
1771:Secession
1600:Fur trade
1570:Dark Ages
1565:Classical
1404:145093962
839:(N-SSA)."
613:Incidents
588:released
341:does not
199:The Angle
91:Australia
60:hobbyists
4288:Category
4129:Seminole
4119:Cherokee
3872:Medicine
3825:Military
3738:Veterans
3572:Jim Crow
3337:timeline
3132:Ericsson
3115:Civilian
3096:Sheridan
3056:McDowell
3016:Farragut
3001:Burnside
2991:Anderson
2984:Military
2964:Stephens
2924:Benjamin
2917:Civilian
2803:Buchanan
2781:Military
2726:Richmond
2675:Virginia
2620:New York
2595:Nebraska
2585:Missouri
2570:Michigan
2560:Maryland
2545:Kentucky
2520:Illinois
2495:Delaware
2475:Colorado
2460:Arkansas
2420:Franklin
2340:Antietam
2211:Overland
2166:Maryland
2085:Theaters
1991:Theaters
1575:Medieval
1511:Concepts
1358:Archived
850:Manassas
639:See also
540:, actor
119:veterans
4255:Related
4124:Choctaw
4114:Catawba
3897:Rations
3842:Cavalry
3704:Removal
3332:efforts
3316:of 1873
3162:Stevens
3157:Stanton
3142:Lincoln
3101:Sherman
3036:Halleck
3026:Frémont
3011:Du Pont
2949:Mallory
2908:Wheeler
2843:Jackson
2823:Forrest
2763:Leaders
2706:Atlanta
2670:Vermont
2590:Montana
2530:Indiana
2505:Georgia
2500:Florida
2465:Arizona
2455:Alabama
2405:Atlanta
2320:Corinth
2272:battles
2216:Atlanta
2196:Bristoe
2097:Western
2092:Eastern
1997:Battles
1796:Slavery
1700:Origins
1686:Origins
1595:Regency
1558:Periods
826:Heiser.
655:Cosplay
395:sutlers
362:removed
347:sources
188:England
113:History
99:Denmark
87:Germany
4298:Portal
4236:Tokens
3172:Welles
3152:Seward
3137:Hamlin
3106:Thomas
3041:Hooker
3006:Butler
2959:Seddon
2944:Hunter
2929:Bocock
2903:Taylor
2898:Stuart
2888:Semmes
2868:Morgan
2828:Gorgas
2808:Cooper
2699:Cities
2635:Oregon
2600:Nevada
2540:Kansas
2510:Hawaii
2410:Crater
2310:Shiloh
2270:Major
2256:Mobile
2126:Major
2000:States
1951:Caning
1617:Modern
1539:Combat
1402:
1225:
1200:
527:, and
107:Poland
105:, and
103:Sweden
81:, the
79:Canada
52:battle
4041:Dixie
4028:Music
3647:Union
3491:Post-
3327:trial
3127:Chase
3122:Adams
3091:Scott
3066:Meigs
3061:Meade
3031:Grant
3021:Foote
2996:Buell
2977:Union
2939:Davis
2883:Price
2873:Mosby
2818:Ewell
2813:Early
2798:Bragg
2660:Texas
2555:Maine
2515:Idaho
2021:Union
1585:fairs
1400:S2CID
861:Skow.
677:(PDF)
661:Notes
518:Glory
271:farbs
251:Farbs
245:Farbs
131:Union
95:Italy
70:, or
66:) as
4226:Salt
3832:Arms
3682:List
3654:List
3167:Wade
3076:Pope
3046:Hunt
2878:Polk
2838:Hood
2833:Hill
2665:Utah
2630:Ohio
2535:Iowa
2067:Navy
2062:Army
2034:Navy
2029:Army
1523:Farb
1271:2020
1223:ISBN
1198:ISBN
345:any
343:cite
267:farb
184:Bath
149:Time
133:and
3071:Ord
2858:Lee
1392:doi
941:CNN
356:by
201:at
182:in
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