American Indian Model Schools

671:

higher API scores than AIPCS during that year; none of them had a student body of mostly underprivileged students. Mitchell Landsberg stated that while critics of the school often said that the high number of Asian American students causes the test scores to be high, the African American and Hispanic students "do roughly as well—in fact, better on some tests" so "hat makes American Indian a rarity in American education, defying the axiom that poor black and Latino children will lag behind others in school." In 2008, Janet Roberts, the head of the AIM system, said that the speculation that the increased numbers of Asian students caused test scores to go higher demonstrated that the educational establishment has low expectations of low-income African American, Hispanic and Latino, and Native American children.

140:), a Native American professor, AIPCS students made considerable progress in academic scores from 2000 to 2007, and enrollment increased at the school. The first middle school, AIPCS, received national recognition in 2007. Some of Chavis's disciplinary methods and his treatment of students and teachers generated controversy, and he resigned as principal in 2007. But the board voted to maintain him in an influential executive role at the school and with the model school system. In 2012, Chavis ended his ties with the charter system (although his children remained as students) and returned to his home state of 402:. A student who misbehaves once a week gets one after-school detention lasting one hour. A student who misbehaves again in the same week will receive another after-school detention and a four-hour Saturday detention. Landsberg said that by the time students become eighth-graders, "discipline is not really an issue. Classes are preternaturally quiet and focused. Visitors may be startled to notice that students do not so much as glance at them. They have been told to keep their attention on their work. They do as they are told." 279:

employee. The audit focused on the ASES grant for an after-school program, facilities lease and rent expenditures, and the Political Reform Act of 1974 regarding conflict of interest laws. Oakland Unified School District (OUSD) Charter School Office Director, Gail Greely was responsible for delivering the FCMAT report and monitoring the process. She transferred to become the Director of Charter School Education for Alameda County working for Sheila Jordan. The FCMAT audit report was expected to be released in mid-2012.

731:, said in 2005 that AIPCS had "taken kids who are not the brightest and propelled them to the top of state standards." Betty Olson-Jones, the president of the Oakland Education Association, the teachers' union of the Oakland schools, said that the AIM system "had a reputation among the local public schools as being very interested in kind of recruiting kids who are going to do well, and getting rid of kids who won't." Ben Chavis and Janet Roberts, a school principal in the AIM system, said that this was not true. 288:

accountability. The shortcomings of the school adversely affected parents and students; financial resources were not used to address the needs of students. OCS noted the following strength of the model school system: AIPCS II did pursue its measurable student outcome in its current charter and met its AYP. The following challenges were noted: adherence to the proposed educational program and compliance with regulatory elements (financial audits, reporting, enrollment, admissions, Brown Act, Political Reform Act).

592:

instruction. The school system has few classes that do not directly affect standardized test scores. Carey Blakely, a former American Indian system teacher, said "I don't see it as teaching to the test. I see it as, there are certain skills and knowledge that you're supposed to impart to your students, and the test measures whether your students have acquired those skills and that knowledge." The school system only allows instruction in arts to take place after school.

647:(OUSD), a parent reported that when she tried to register her child at AIPCS, officials told her that they were not accepting students and were not placing children on waitlists. She explained that when she talked to a White coworker afterward, the coworker informed her that his son received a spot on the waitlist. The coworker further stated that Chavis had said that the school needed more White students, so the child would be placed at the top of the waitlist. 38: 750: 313:

was absent. After issuing the notice of violation, Board Members Yee and Hodge urged concerned parents to recognize that OUSD was not closing the school but "curing it." American Indian Public Charter School's Board sued the Oakland School Board and OUSD for what they said was an effort at a hostile takeover of the school. Gail Greely, in the OUSD Charter office, provided concerned parents with an outline of a school closure process.

29: 2558: 604:." As of 2011, AIM classrooms do not have computers and televisions. Additionally, AIMS lacks a playground, science lab, or any of the amenities found in a typical public school like Lincoln, just a couple blocks away. Chavis disapproved of the use of computers since he believed computers could cause students to easily access pornography. He believed they could invite theft and lead to unforeseen expenses. 192:; historically Native Americans had low academic performances in the public schools. Martin Waukazoo, the executive director of the Native American Health Center, was one of the founders of the school. But, shortly after the school was founded, Waukazoo withdrew his support because he believed it put too much emphasis on Native American cultural classes and not enough emphasis on basic educational skills. 710:

determine why the three students left the school. In 2009, the AIPC insisted that it had never expelled any student for any reason and that some students voluntarily left because they moved or because their families decided that the school was not well suited to them. Around 2005, the school overall loses 10 students per year. Chavis said that most students moved out. Some parents quoted in the

502: 1728: 164:), was recruited as principal of the school. He recruited new teachers and imposed strong discipline and study protocols. Test scores increased dramatically over the next several years and student enrollment also increased. Student demographics changed, reflecting the diverse population with more students of Asian, African American and Latino ancestry. 762: 296:

to renew the AIPCS II charter for another five years. The board will return to the issue in two years to verify training of the AIPCS governing board and more rigorous accounting practices at the school. The approved charter allowed AIPCS II to expand to include elementary grades K–4. It became a K–12 school. See minutes. See minutes.

518:

students in AIPCS and the new schools decreased. In 2005, twenty percent of the students were Native American. In 2006, the percentage of Native Americans was 13%. However, Mills College visitors to the school in March 2007, report that at the time of their visit, the student body of the school was "10% American Indian."

797: 330:

renewed for five years. On January 25, 2017, the OUSD Governing Board renewed the charter for another five years, from June 1, 2017, to June 30, 2022. However, due to changes in California State law, AIPCS II's charter term was automatically extended to June 30, 2025, without requiring any action by the OUSD board.

696:

argued that while the AIMS schools get high test scores, the teaching style may not get the same results in every type of school. Drum cited the small sizes of AIMS schools and that the system "plainly attracts only parents and children who are academically motivated in the first place" and "requires

554:

Cushing reported that "AIPCS II is mere blocks away from Lincoln, making it a defacto neighborhood school." She reported that Gary Yee, an OUSD board member and husband of a Lincoln Elementary teacher, said AICPS II had a "rigorous teaching style similar to what you might find in an elite East-Asian

312:

On September 27, 2012, the Oakland School Board voted to issue a "Notice of violation to American Indian Public Charter School." School Board President Jody London, David Kakashiba, Jumoke Hodge and Gary Yee voted to issue the notice. Chris Dobbins and Alice Spearman voted against it, and Noel Gallo

167:

The AIM system was established in 2007, expanding to an additional two charter schools: another middle school and a high school. The schools were recognized for academic performance, but controversy was generated by Chavis's discipline system and treatment of both students and faculty. He resigned in

709:

Of the 51 students, six scored lower than proficient in both English and mathematics at the end of their 6th-grade year. According to Landsberg, three of these students left the AIM system and the remaining three "showed some progress" by the end of their final year. Landsberg said that he could not

686:

In 2008, every AIM system eighth grader scored either a "proficient" or a higher rating in the State of California algebra examination. In California, half of the eighth graders overall took algebra. Of all of the state's eighth-grade students who took algebra, fewer than half scored "proficient" or

674:

Landsberg said that the school system has high performance because it "attracts academically motivated students, relentlessly (and unapologetically) teaches to the test, wrings more seat time out of every school day, hires smart young teachers, demands near-perfect attendance, piles on the homework,

622:

In the State of California, charter schools are required to take all students who apply to the school if they have enough capacity to house them. If a charter school has more prospective students than space available to house them, it must hold a lottery. The AIM school system, as of 2009, has never

443:

A poster in the AIPCS hallway included a quote from Chavis, saying, "You do outstanding things here and you'll be treated outstanding. You act like a fool and you'll be treated like one." Landsberg said in 2009 that the concept was still in use at AIMS schools but had been "toned down" since Chavis'

147:

For a period, the charter system's charter from the OUSD was at risk, but the school gained a court injunction in 2012, which allowed it to continue operating. With the change in management and in view of the students' achievements in academic scores, the Model School system's charter was renewed in

630:

Chavis and Roberts said in 2009 that the American Indian system attracts representative samples of students from various public elementary schools in Oakland. Ron Smith, the principal of Laurel Elementary School and a parent of two AIM system children, said that of the children who went from Laurel

550:

In 2012, the original AICPS drew students from several elementary schools. During the same year, John Melvin, the principal of Lincoln Elementary School, a high-performing OUSD elementary school, said that 75% of his students went to nearby AICPS II, although they had previously attended the public

546:

reported that the demographics had become "homogenous" and that the demographic change was "an ironic twist for a school that was originally intended to serve American Indians—and which is still thought of by many as a haven for a population that's struggled mightily with institutional oppression."

321:

On January 23, 2013, the OUSD Board voted to issue a "Notice of Intent to Revoke" to the AIMS charter system and scheduled a public hearing for February 27, 2013. On March 20, 2013, the OUSD board voted 4–3 to revoke the AIMS charter effective June 30, 2013. Supporters vowed to appeal to the county

295:

AIM Schools Board President Michael Stember defended AIPCS II, and Christina Chen, the charter system's new accountant, denied all charges. Given the outstanding student achievements noted in API, and numerous parents, staff, and students who spoke in support of the school, the OUSD board voted 4–3

175:

The Oakland School Board had already requested in 2011 that the California Board of Education revoke and deny renewal of American Indian Public Charter School II's (AIPCS II) charter; this action would have closed that school after the 2011–2012 academic year. The school system gained a preliminary

577:

In the AIM middle schools, one teacher is intended to teach all of the subjects for a given class and to accompany them for all three years as part of developing a close relationship with all students. The regular teacher does not teach physical education. In most American middle schools, teachers

304:

In early June 2012, the FCMAT audit was published. Evidence of fraud was listed, with recommendations to forward the audit to the local District Attorney. Michael Stember resigned from the charter school system board between April and June. Jean Martinez was elected as President of the AIPCS Model

291:

On April 4, 2012, the OUSD board held its AIPCS II charter renewal hearing. OCS recommended denying and revoking the charter. President London of the OCS suggested OUSD could deny the charter and AIPCS II could renew with Alameda County, pending expected results of the state's FCMAT "extraordinary

278:

In August 2011, California's Fiscal Crisis & Management Assistance Team (FCMAT) announced that American Indian Model Charter Schools would undergo an "extraordinary audit." Alameda County School Superintendent Sheila Jordan had recommended it based on an anonymous complaint from a former AIPCS

246:

faculty and a graduate student in 2007, OUSD officials asked the AIM governing board to direct Chavis to act in a different manner. In response, the AIM board fined Chavis $ 700. Kirsten Vital, an OUSD accountability head, said that this was not likely to correct such issues as the Mills incident.

670:

said that the other two AIM schools "are not far behind." The state API target is 800. The state average of public middle and high schools is 750. The state average of schools with underprivileged students is 650. Of the public schools in California, four middle schools and three high schools had

1199: 1104: 287:

During the 2012 charter renewal process for the second middle school, AIPCS II, the Oakland Office of Charter Schools (OCS) found practices in violation of the charter and applicable law. OCS also found a lack of responsible governance on the part of the AIPCS governing board, and poor financial

705:

Ron Smith, the principal of Laurel Elementary School, disclosed the middle school test scores of the 51 students from Laurel who entered the AIM system in 2004, showing their progress in English and mathematics between the 6th and 8th grades. Landsberg said, "It's impossible to tell whether the

227:

In 2000, Chavis became the head of the school. He fired most of the school's employees and eliminated the Native American cultural classes. Chavis said that he recruited new teachers who had "strong" academic backgrounds and "didn't see the students as victims, even though their lives often are

591:

Each middle school day begins with three hours of language arts and mathematics classes. For middle school students English and mathematics make up 90 minutes per day. Afterwards, students have a thirty-minute lunch period. During each day, students have 60 minutes' worth of physical education

329:

On July 15, 2013, Alameda County Superior Court Judge Evelio Grillo granted the Model Schools system a preliminary injunction, allowing all three campuses to continue to operate. In consideration of student scores and a change in management of the board and charter system, the AIMS charter was

587:

reported, "Five minutes per passing period might not sound like much, but over the course of a year, American Indian saves the equivalent of more than a week's worth of instruction." A middle school teacher is assigned to stay with the same class for all three years until the class graduates.

547:

Cushing said that "one prominent member of the Bay Area American-Indian community" who asked to be anonymous said that many Native Americans feel upset by the school's name, and "If anything, I just wish they would change their name—it's misleading, and potentially damaging to our community."

517:

student body. In 2001, the school increased its enrollment to about 100 students. Fifty-two percent of the students were Native American. According to Chavis, during that year, 12 to 15 percent of the children were homeless. During Chavis's tenure, the proportion and number of Native American

171:

According to a California state "extraordinary audit" released in 2012, Chavis directed at least $ 3.8 million in school payments to businesses owned by him and his wife, Marsha Amador, without proper contracting. The charter board was criticized in the audit for lax financial management and

410:

During the Chavis era, students who repeatedly violated rules were humiliated by Chavis or by teachers. The administration often used name-calling, stereotypes, and profanities against students. Some students were forced to hold signs that insulted the students. Robert Gammon of the

434:, "incidents bordering on educational malpractice, and that came close to child endangerment." Vital cited Chavis using the words "darkies" and "whities" to refer to racial and ethnic backgrounds in front of students, Chavis referring to a former employee as a "white b --" [ 231:

By 2002, the school's enrollment tripled, and its test scores were increasing. For the school year 2006–2007, Chavis and his board founded the American Indian Model School system, adding the American Indian Charter High School at the beginning of the school year in September 2006.

675:

refuses to promote struggling students to the next grade and keeps discipline so tight that there are no distractions or disruptions. Summer school is required." Landsberg added "There is no secret to any of this. Portions of the American Indian model resemble methods used by the

1450: 309:"The allegations against American Indian charter schools officials include $ 3.7 million in payments to businesses owned by founder Ben Chavis and his wife, including money for rent, storage fees, construction projects and the administration of summer school programs." 706:

students were academically strong at the start of sixth grade or were brought up to grade level by the rigors of a year at American Indian." Of the students from Laurel who had completed the 6th grade at the AIM system, 39 finished all three years at the AIM system.

338:

As of 2017, the system includes three schools, American Indian Public Charter School (AICPS), a middle school with grades 5–8; American Indian Public Charter School II (AIPCS II), K–8; and American Indian Public High School (AIPHS), a high school (9–12).

292:

audit". OCS noted that Chavis had served as both lessee and lessor, that his personal car insurance was paid by the school (the school does not have any cars), and that school checks were made out to a charter board member, among other financial issues.

682:

Between 2001 and 2005, while AIPCS was under Ben Chavis, the API increased by over 200% to 880, making it, in 2005, the middle school in Oakland with the highest API. The next highest Oakland middle school was almost 80 points lower than AIPCS.

250:

On March 15, 2007, Chavis told the AIM school board that he was leaving his post. The minutes of the board meeting said he would remain as a part-time employee. But Chavis said he would return to Arizona. Mitchell Landsberg of the

595:

The AIM system schools do not have laboratory equipment for science classes. Because of this and the school's emphasis on learning from textbooks, Landsberg said "it is hard to imagine that American Indian will turn out the next

697:

middle school teachers to teach every subject and keeps them on a grueling pace, which means lots of turnover." Drum further argued that "the odds that the AIPC formula is scalable to an entire school district is nil."

325:

During the next months, the Alameda County Board of Education and California Board of Education were expected to review the issues and decide whether to overturn the OUSD trustees' decision to revoke the AIMS charter.

260:

Janet Roberts, a former teacher, succeeded Chavis that year as the head of the school system. Roberts said that Chavis's resignation appeared to quiet criticisms of the school. As reported by Katy Murphy of the

555:

school, perhaps making it more appealing to Lincoln's overwhelmingly Asian-American parent base." Several Chinese-American parents of AIMS students expressed support in 2012 for the school's rigorous methods.

626:

In the fall of 2008, the State of California did not allow the AIM system to open a new campus. This decision was partly due to the AIM administrators' inability to explain the system's selection process.

342:

The school system has two campuses. The original American Indian Public Charter School and the main campus of American Indian High School occupy a converted church located off MacArthur Boulevard, in the

1451:"2023/09/23 0100 Report and Notice American Indian Public Charter School II Concerns Regarding Governance Operations and Service To All Pupils Desiring to Attend Education Code Section 47607e Office" 650:

Other critics of the AIM System schools speculated that the school tries to recruit high-performing elementary school students and that it banishes low-performing students before the testing season.

2596: 1762: 1375: 156:

Established as a small charter school to serve Native American students in Oakland, AICPS had difficulty improving academic performance from its founding in 1996 until after 2000. That year

3243: 118:. American Indian Public Charter School II (AIPCS II) has grades K–8 at a second campus located in Oakland's Chinatown. By 2012 the student population of the AIM schools had become 90% 3268: 1557:." American Indian Public Charter School. Updated June 22, 2009. 17. Retrieved on September 9, 2011. "Mrs. Claudia Walker Site Administrator, AIPHS 3637 Magee Ave Oakland, CA 94619" 659: 607:

Students are assigned homework, so they generally have at least three hours of work to do each night. Students at the AIM system middle schools are required to attend four weeks of

1727:

Zirkel, Sabrina; Bailey, Fatima; Bathey, Shrimathi; Hawley, Rebecca; Lewis, Unity; Long, Deborah; Pollack, Terry; Roberts, Zachary; Stanback Stroud, Regina; Winful, Audrey (2011).

529:

was 13% Asian. In 2010-2011, the school had no Native American students. As of 2012 more than 90% of the AIPCS student body was Asian American. The next largest ethnic groups were

3253: 1534:." American Indian Public Charter School II. Updated June 22, 2009. Retrieved on September 9, 2011. "American Indian Public Charter School II 171 12th Street Oakland, CA 94607" 106:(AIPCS), a middle school in the late 1990s to serve Native American students, in 2007 it expanded to include another middle school and a high school. The main campus is in the 2797: 1491:." American Indian Public Charter School. Updated June 22, 2009. Retrieved on September 9, 2011. "American Indian Public Charter School 3637 Magee Avenue Oakland CA 94619" 829:." American Indian Public Charter School. Updated June 22, 2009. 17. Retrieved on September 9, 2011. "Mr. John Glover Director, AIM Schools 171 12th St Oakland, CA 94607" 623:

held a lottery. Ben Chavis and Janet Roberts, a school principal in the AIM system, said that AIM never received enough students to require the system to hold a lottery.

2782: 1053: 2589: 2482: 267:, Roberts said, "Many assumed that the academic success of the American Indian schools was personality-driven but the program didn't lose its edge after Chavis left." 224:. Lamenti believed that he would succeed due to his background in education, interest in charter schools, and knowledge of children living in inner-city communities. 362:

area. AICPS also admits students living in other areas of Oakland. The school states that it will consider the applications of students who live outside of Oakland.

3212: 2132: 864: 3258: 2836: 1977: 1233: 631:

to the AIM system, "I'd say 70% are academically strong, and 30% are a cross-section. ... They have kids who I know could go anyplace in the state and succeed."

3150: 3005: 2372: 1949: 3202: 3046: 2492: 2472: 2777: 2582: 1897: 716:

said they removed their children because they were dissatisfied with the authoritarian environment. Chavis said that he encouraged some students to leave.

488:. Students wear white shirts and dark-colored trousers. The school does not permit students to wear makeup, jewelry, or brightly colored hair accessories. 270:

On June 2, 2009, the first class of the high school AIPHS, consisting of 18 students, graduated. Each of the students had been admitted to a good college.

1217: 3248: 1336: 430:, said in a letter to the AIM governing board dated July 9, 2007, that during a visit to the AIPCS, she witnessed, in the words of Nanette Asimov of the 129:(OUSD) granted the charter to the school system and oversees it. The American Indian Model School system has its own school board and internal policies. 1759: 988: 1870: 1383: 2958: 2943: 2923: 2507: 2239: 2088: 2078: 2063: 1680: 2377: 2634: 2020: 1511:." American Indian Public Charter School. Retrieved on September 9, 2011. "American Indian Public Charter School 3637 Magee Ave. Oakland, CA 94619" 1305: 3263: 3120: 2736: 2477: 2411: 2190: 1527: 845: 1407: 1629: 1550: 1504: 822: 563:

As of 2009, most AIM system teachers were young, had degrees from first-rate universities, and were, in the words of Mitchell Landsberg of the

2928: 2700: 2437: 2152: 514: 417:

reported in 2007 that "Chavis's boorish behavior has been tolerated because of his school's incredible test scores." Simone Sebastian of the

185: 103: 2318: 3094: 2502: 2467: 2107: 509:

From 2000 to 2012, the demographics of the schools in this charter system changed markedly, and by 2012 served a student body that was 90%

1854: 1091: 1785: 611:

each summer. In addition, AIMS students must complete a lot of homework, even on weekends and "breaks," such as summer and spring break.

205:

reported that the school, which had 37 students, was "sinking fast," could not keep its students, and did not have "viable test scores."

3222: 3038: 3020: 2234: 1255: 1484: 3089: 3082: 2992: 2100: 111: 640:

could not determine whether the students at American Indian middle schools had above-average scores in the elementary school grades.

3217: 2981: 2976: 2948: 2859: 2772: 2685: 1942: 1354: 476:

said he favored the charter school system because its "new paternalism" could close achievement gaps between socioeconomic classes.

469: 440:] while in the presence of students, and the school forcing a girl to clean a boys' restroom as a punishment for bad behavior. 2968: 2844: 2816: 2792: 2677: 3115: 2905: 2808: 2764: 2731: 2713: 2662: 2621: 2048: 2010: 644: 588:

However, Landsberg reported in 2009 that this policy seemed to be more theoretical than real, given the high teacher turnover.

526: 453: 427: 196: 126: 398:." At AIMS schools, students who are late to class, do not complete homework, or violate the dress code automatically receive 195:

After its founding, the school had a high staff turnover rate and insufficient funds for textbooks and computers. In 2000 the

3145: 2887: 2723: 2654: 2335: 2266: 2117: 2000: 2487: 2953: 2918: 2746: 2382: 2083: 2058: 754: 724: 257:

reported in 2009 that Chavis "remains a presence at the school." The website referred to Chavis as an "advisor emeritus."

861: 740: 3187: 2872: 2787: 2562: 2512: 2112: 1935: 1714: 1029: 937: 3207: 3192: 3099: 2895: 2416: 2350: 2345: 2224: 2214: 2127: 522: 344: 217: 107: 634:

The AIM school system did not disclose the elementary school test scores of its students. Mitchell Landsberg of the

2605: 2528: 1424: 998: 380:

said " AIPC is a super-strict, teach-to-the-test, no-goofing-off kind of place that apparently gets good results."

236: 1124: 1030:

Charter school principal who raised scores to leave, But some parents at American Indian were upset by his methods

3061: 3000: 2708: 2367: 2323: 2271: 2229: 2172: 2025: 3197: 3056: 2432: 2422: 2249: 2244: 2199: 1613: 1276: 3051: 3028: 2867: 2167: 1867: 1729:"Isn't that what "those kids" need" Urban schools and the master narrative of the 'tough, urban principal'"" 1709: 1656: 1608: 1034: 712: 692: 525:. In the 2010–2011 school year, the AIM system had more than 86% Asian American students, while the overall 419: 376: 201: 1677: 3166: 2933: 2913: 2877: 2821: 2754: 2533: 2402: 2355: 2068: 2053: 1567: 774: 468:" and that the AIM system schools "mock liberal orthodoxy with such zeal that it can seem like a parody." 457: 2849: 2690: 2667: 1572: 1312: 358:

AICPS II shared a campus with Little Hands School. AICPS II serves students living in Chinatown and the

221: 209: 157: 133: 1524: 842: 28: 852:." American Indian Public Charter School II. 4. Updated June 22, 2009. Retrieved on September 9, 2011. 3182: 2826: 2447: 2427: 2392: 2162: 1835: 922: 1626: 1547: 1501: 1277:"Alameda County Office of Education Extraordinary Audit of the American indian Model Charter School" 819: 3161: 3010: 2938: 2639: 2629: 2219: 2073: 1958: 1204: 1058: 578:

specialize in different subjects and teach different classes, with students moving among teachers.

461: 189: 99: 1169:"National Blue Ribbon Schools Awardees 2006 - National Blue Ribbon Schools (CA Dept of Education)" 2644: 1636:." American Indian Public High School. 8. Updated June 22, 2009. Retrieved on September 11, 2011. 1376:"In split vote, OUSD board puts American Indian charter schools on notice – The Education Report" 663: 534: 348: 242:

Due to complaints from parents and teachers about his treatment, and a provocative incident with

464:. Landsberg reported that the AIM system schools "sometimes seem like creations of television's 37: 3156: 2442: 2287: 2204: 2157: 2122: 2030: 1849: 1830: 1790: 1330: 1142: 1086: 917: 720: 636: 583: 565: 530: 399: 390: 253: 2328: 2297: 1902: 1879: 1771: 1689: 1651: 1481: 994: 542: 413: 953: 505:

American Indian Public Charter School ethnic breakdown by year, from 1996/1997 to 2008/2009

394:

reported in 2009 that the AIM students "are subject to disciplinary procedures redolent of

2302: 2292: 2260: 2177: 2015: 1972: 1874: 1766: 1684: 1633: 1554: 1531: 1508: 1488: 1154: 1109: 868: 849: 826: 395: 352: 263: 115: 1234:"Oakland Unified School District - Meeting of Board of Education on 4/4/2012 at 6:00 PM" 2362: 2340: 2254: 766: 597: 510: 485: 465: 141: 119: 3237: 2574: 2543: 2005: 728: 608: 601: 243: 148:

2013 for a 5-year term. This included an expansion to serve grades K–4 at AIPCS II.

2497: 359: 184:

The American Indian Public Charter School opened in 1996. It was intended to serve

1168: 501: 473: 208:

Evelyn Lamenti, an employee with the OUSD Office of Indian Education, recruited

2538: 2387: 2209: 423:

reported that in the Chavis era, such disciplinary practices were criticized.

371: 114:(AIPHS), a high school (9–12). AIPHS students can also take select classes at 614:

All AIM middle school students take Algebra I during the eighth grade.

176:

court injunction to allow its three facilities to continue to operate.

1927: 347:

area of Oakland. AIPCS II is located on another campus in the city's

228:

incredibly difficult." By 2001, he had replaced all but one teacher.

213: 161: 137: 1847:

Landsberg, Mitchell. "Spitting in the eye of mainstream education."

1828:

Landsberg, Mitchell. "Spitting in the eye of mainstream education."

1084:

Landsberg, Mitchell. "Spitting in the eye of mainstream education."

915:

Landsberg, Mitchell. "Spitting in the eye of mainstream education."

521:

By that year, the school began to receive many Asian Americans from

235:

In 2006, AICPS became the first public school in Oakland to win the

1921: 1786:"For Chinese Parents, Success Outweighs Scandal at Oakland School" 939:

Jill Tucker, "Oakland charter school accused of fraud may close,"

500: 1760:

Are American Indian Public Charter School's Test Scores Inflated?

1924:- The website about the book by Dr. Ben Chavis and Carey Blakely 676: 2578: 1931: 679:

charter schools or, for that matter, urban parochial schools."

1105:

Oakland public school a contender for the National Blue Ribbon

436: 1916: 1898:

It’s Time to Close the American Indian Public Charter Schools

110:

area and includes AIPCS, a middle school for grades 5–8, and

78: 199:(OUSD) considered closing the school. Nanette Asimov of the 1408:"Oakland's American Indian Model Schools seek new charter" 658:

In May 2009, American Indian Public Charter School had an

452:

Under Chavis, the school system's administration opposed

351:. Students at AIPHS who attend dual credit classes with 537:. In 2009, almost all of the students were low-income. 1660:. Sunday May 31, 2009. Retrieved on September 9, 2011. 1200:

Oakland charter schools get high marks and skepticism

738: 1355:"Oakland schools' officials may face criminal probe" 1208:. 03 November 2008; Retrieved on September 11, 2011. 1113:. 10 December 2009; Retrieved on September 13, 2011. 3175: 3138: 3108: 3070: 3037: 3019: 2991: 2967: 2904: 2886: 2858: 2835: 2807: 2763: 2745: 2722: 2699: 2676: 2653: 2620: 2521: 2460: 2401: 2311: 2280: 2186: 2145: 2039: 1993: 1986: 1965: 1256:"Fate of American Indian Charter School II debated" 73: 65: 57: 49: 44: 21: 1602: 1576:. August 23, 2006. Retrieved on September 9, 2011. 1062:. October 2, 2009. Retrieved on September 8, 2011. 958:East Bay Express | Oakland, Berkeley & Alameda 216:), to serve as principal. Formerly a professor at 1703: 1701: 1699: 1600: 1598: 1596: 1594: 1592: 1590: 1588: 1586: 1584: 1582: 837: 835: 3244:Charter school organizations based in California 1824: 1822: 1820: 1519: 1517: 1123:Group, Grace Rauh | Bay Area News (2006-09-26). 1883:. June 6, 2007. Retrieved on September 8, 2011. 1818: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1080: 1078: 1076: 1074: 1072: 1070: 1068: 1038:. 27 July 2007; Retrieved on September 9, 2011. 911: 909: 907: 905: 903: 901: 899: 897: 3269:Native Americans in the San Francisco Bay Area 1794:. April 13, 2012; Retrieved on August 2, 2012. 1693:. May 9, 2007. Retrieved on September 8, 2011. 1425:"American Indian Model Schools to Remain Open" 1194: 1192: 1190: 1188: 895: 893: 891: 889: 887: 885: 883: 881: 879: 877: 472:praised Chavis and the AIM Schools. Columnist 3151:German International School of Silicon Valley 2590: 1943: 1775:. June 13, 2012. Retrieved on August 2, 2012. 1431:. UC Berkeley’s Graduate School of Journalism 1348: 1346: 982: 980: 978: 976: 974: 8: 3254:Educational institutions established in 1996 1707:Sebastian, Simone. "HARD LINE, TOP SCHOOL." 1646: 1644: 1642: 1606:Sebastian, Simone. "HARD LINE, TOP SCHOOL." 792: 790: 719:Patricia Gimbel, the dean of admissions for 643:In a letter dated June 9, 2006, sent to the 168:2007 but retained influence at the schools. 355:attend some classes at the Merritt campus. 2597: 2583: 2575: 2398: 1990: 1950: 1936: 1928: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1403: 1401: 1048: 1046: 1044: 800:. National Center for Education Statistics 798:"American Indian Public Charter School II" 426:Kirsten Vital, accountability head of the 18: 1568:A Charter School's Unconventional Success 1125:"Oakland first: Charter wins Blue Ribbon" 933: 931: 2635:Alameda Science and Technology Institute 1542: 1540: 1476: 1474: 1024: 1022: 1020: 1018: 1016: 1014: 1012: 1010: 1008: 862:"American Indian Charter School Hearing" 22:American Indian Public Charter School II 3121:California School for the Deaf, Fremont 1228: 1226: 786: 745: 305:School governing board. As reported by 274:2011 state "Extraordinary Audit" begins 1335:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 1328: 1150: 1140: 98:) is a charter school system based in 3259:Native American schools in California 2929:Life Academy of Health and Bioscience 513:. In 2000, the small AIPCS had a 62% 104:American Indian Public Charter School 7: 3095:Livermore Valley Charter Preparatory 2378:Oakland – Jack London Square station 1784:Chiang, Summer and Peter Schurmann. 987:Wilson, Emily (November 14, 2001), 3090:Leadership Public Schools, Hayward 1717:. Retrieved on September 11, 2011. 1616:. Retrieved on September 11, 2011. 220:, Chavis was then teaching at the 112:American Indian Public High School 14: 3249:1996 establishments in California 3218:St. Joseph Notre Dame High School 1857:. Retrieved on September 8, 2011. 1838:. Retrieved on September 9, 2011. 1094:. Retrieved on September 8, 2011. 925:. Retrieved on September 8, 2011. 569:, "self-confident" and "mature." 444:departure as head of the system. 3223:Saint Mary's College High School 2557: 2556: 2319:San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge 760: 748: 36: 27: 3116:California School for the Blind 2412:12th Street Oakland City Center 1054:A Crazy Idea for Middle Schools 645:Oakland Unified School District 527:Oakland Unified School District 428:Oakland Unified School District 322:and state boards of education. 197:Oakland Unified School District 127:Oakland Unified School District 3264:Schools in Oakland, California 3146:The College Preparatory School 2336:Posey and Webster Street Tubes 2267:2012 Oikos University shooting 2118:The College Preparatory School 2001:California College of the Arts 1382:. 19 July 2015. Archived from 871:, IBA Buzz blog, 04 April 2012 484:Students are required to wear 456:philosophies, and it promoted 16:American charter school system 1: 3078:American Indian Model Schools 2919:Coliseum College Prep Academy 2873:Conley-Caraballo Continuation 2383:Oakland International Airport 2096:American Indian Model Schools 2059:Coliseum College Prep Academy 1917:American Indian Model Schools 1733:Rache Ethnicity and Education 1612:. Friday, December 16, 2005. 725:university preparatory school 283:2012 Charter renewal hearings 92:American Indian Model Schools 2240:Shootings of police officers 954:"Beating a New Kind of Drum" 3208:Moreau Catholic High School 3193:Coastline Christian Schools 3100:Oakland School for the Arts 2225:1989 Loma Prieta earthquake 2128:Oakland School for the Arts 1353:Tucker, Jill (2013-04-18). 1254:Tucker, Jill (2012-04-05). 218:San Francisco State College 3285: 2837:Livermore Valley Joint USD 2606:Alameda County, California 1218:Review of AIPCS II charter 990:Beating a New Kind of Drum 660:Academic Performance Index 581:Mitchell Landsberg of the 388:Mitchell Landsberg of the 300:2012 FCMAT audit published 237:National Blue Ribbon Award 3213:St. Elizabeth High School 3188:Bishop O'Dowd High School 3176:Religious private schools 3129: 3057:Royal Sunset Continuation 2613: 2552: 2272:Ghost Ship warehouse fire 2133:St. Elizabeth High School 2113:Bishop O'Dowd High School 2026:Samuel Merritt University 1482:AIPCS Contact Information 35: 26: 3198:Fremont Christian School 2250:Your Black Muslim Bakery 2200:Oakland Railroad Company 551:Westlake Middle School. 132:Under the leadership of 3139:Secular private schools 2419:(Uptown Transit Center) 2393:Eastmont Transit Center 2373:International Boulevard 1710:San Francisco Chronicle 1609:San Francisco Chronicle 1035:San Francisco Chronicle 713:San Francisco Chronicle 432:San Francisco Chronicle 420:San Francisco Chronicle 406:Discipline under Chavis 202:San Francisco Chronicle 3203:Holy Names High School 3167:The Quarry Lane School 2878:New Haven Adult School 2755:Emery Secondary School 2534:San Francisco Bay Area 2493:Mountain View Cemetery 2356:Cypress Street Viaduct 2084:Oakland Technical High 1906:. Monday June 8, 2012. 775:Amethod Public Schools 755:San Francisco Bay Area 506: 470:American conservatives 458:free-market capitalism 2949:Oakland International 2691:Berkeley Adult School 1573:National Public Radio 540:Ellen Cushing of the 504: 222:University of Arizona 3183:Averroes High School 3011:Village Continuation 2468:Designated Landmarks 2235:Oscar Grant shooting 1713:. 16 December 2005. 654:Academic performance 3162:Maybeck High School 3132:Independent schools 2737:Valley Continuation 2714:Redwood Alternative 2645:Island Continuation 2615:Public high schools 2488:Children's Hospital 2417:19th Street Oakland 2220:Black Panther Party 1959:Oakland, California 1868:Chavis in Hot Water 1678:Too Hot for School? 1566:Brand, Madeleine. " 1423:Kwamilele, Tasion. 1236:. Ousd.legistar.com 1205:The Oakland Tribune 1059:The Washington Post 1001:on January 21, 2013 190:Oakland, California 102:. Started with the 100:Oakland, California 2709:Castro Valley High 2215:Naval Supply Depot 2011:Lincoln University 1873:2012-10-11 at the 1765:2012-06-19 at the 1683:2012-07-11 at the 1632:2012-04-02 at the 1553:2012-04-02 at the 1530:2012-04-02 at the 1507:2012-04-02 at the 1487:2011-09-03 at the 1153:has generic name ( 1028:Asimov, Nanette. " 867:2015-03-31 at the 848:2012-04-02 at the 825:2012-04-02 at the 664:Mitchell Landsberg 535:Hispanic Americans 507: 384:Student discipline 317:Charter revocation 3231: 3230: 3157:Head-Royce School 3109:State-run schools 2954:Oakland Technical 2701:Castro Valley USD 2572: 2571: 2483:Tallest buildings 2456: 2455: 2288:Oakland Athletics 2230:Firestorm of 1991 2205:Oakland Army Base 2173:Police Department 2141: 2140: 2123:Head-Royce School 2031:Patten University 1978:List of companies 1896:Gammon, Robert. " 1866:Gammon, Robert. " 1850:Los Angeles Times 1831:Los Angeles Times 1791:New America Media 1758:Cushing, Ellen. " 1676:Gammon, Robert. " 1087:Los Angeles Times 918:Los Angeles Times 721:Deerfield Academy 668:Los Angeles Times 637:Los Angeles Times 584:Los Angeles Times 566:Los Angeles Times 531:African Americans 460:. Chavis opposed 391:Los Angeles Times 254:Los Angeles Times 89: 88: 3276: 3052:San Lorenzo High 3029:San Leandro High 2788:Mission San Jose 2599: 2592: 2585: 2576: 2560: 2559: 2399: 2329:Caldecott Tunnel 2298:Oakland Roots SC 1991: 1952: 1945: 1938: 1929: 1922:Crazy Like a Fox 1903:East Bay Express 1884: 1880:East Bay Express 1864: 1858: 1853:. May 31, 2009. 1845: 1839: 1834:. May 31, 2009. 1826: 1795: 1782: 1776: 1772:East Bay Express 1756: 1741: 1740: 1724: 1718: 1705: 1694: 1690:East Bay Express 1674: 1661: 1648: 1637: 1623: 1617: 1604: 1577: 1564: 1558: 1544: 1535: 1521: 1512: 1498: 1492: 1478: 1469: 1468: 1466: 1464: 1455: 1447: 1441: 1440: 1438: 1436: 1420: 1414: 1405: 1396: 1395: 1393: 1391: 1380:Internet Archive 1372: 1366: 1365: 1363: 1362: 1350: 1341: 1340: 1334: 1326: 1324: 1323: 1317: 1311:. Archived from 1310: 1302: 1296: 1295: 1293: 1291: 1281: 1273: 1267: 1266: 1264: 1263: 1251: 1245: 1244: 1242: 1241: 1230: 1221: 1215: 1209: 1196: 1183: 1182: 1180: 1179: 1165: 1159: 1158: 1152: 1148: 1146: 1138: 1136: 1135: 1120: 1114: 1101: 1095: 1090:. May 31, 2009. 1082: 1063: 1050: 1039: 1026: 1003: 1002: 997:, archived from 995:East Bay Express 984: 969: 968: 966: 965: 950: 944: 935: 926: 921:. May 31, 2009. 913: 872: 859: 853: 839: 830: 816: 810: 809: 807: 805: 794: 765: 764: 763: 753: 752: 751: 744: 701:Student progress 543:East Bay Express 462:teacher's unions 414:East Bay Express 188:students in the 85: 82: 80: 40: 31: 19: 3284: 3283: 3279: 3278: 3277: 3275: 3274: 3273: 3234: 3233: 3232: 3227: 3171: 3153:Berkeley Campus 3134: 3125: 3104: 3071:Charter schools 3066: 3039:San Lorenzo USD 3033: 3021:San Leandro USD 3015: 2987: 2963: 2900: 2896:Newark Memorial 2882: 2854: 2831: 2803: 2783:John F. Kennedy 2759: 2741: 2718: 2695: 2672: 2649: 2616: 2609: 2603: 2573: 2568: 2548: 2517: 2452: 2397: 2307: 2303:Oakland Spiders 2293:Oakland Ballers 2276: 2261:Oakland Tribune 2188: 2182: 2178:Port of Oakland 2168:Fire Department 2137: 2069:McClymonds High 2054:Castlemont High 2041: 2035: 2016:Merritt College 1982: 1973:Oakland Seaport 1961: 1956: 1913: 1893: 1891:Further reading 1888: 1887: 1875:Wayback Machine 1865: 1861: 1846: 1842: 1827: 1798: 1783: 1779: 1767:Wayback Machine 1757: 1744: 1726: 1725: 1721: 1706: 1697: 1685:Wayback Machine 1675: 1664: 1652:Extreme Charter 1649: 1640: 1634:Wayback Machine 1627:Family Handbook 1624: 1620: 1605: 1580: 1565: 1561: 1555:Wayback Machine 1548:Family Handbook 1545: 1538: 1532:Wayback Machine 1525:Family Handbook 1522: 1515: 1509:Wayback Machine 1502:Family Handbook 1499: 1495: 1489:Wayback Machine 1479: 1472: 1462: 1460: 1453: 1449: 1448: 1444: 1434: 1432: 1422: 1421: 1417: 1412:Inside Bay Area 1406: 1399: 1389: 1387: 1374: 1373: 1369: 1360: 1358: 1352: 1351: 1344: 1327: 1321: 1319: 1315: 1308: 1306:"Archived copy" 1304: 1303: 1299: 1289: 1287: 1286:. June 12, 2012 1279: 1275: 1274: 1270: 1261: 1259: 1253: 1252: 1248: 1239: 1237: 1232: 1231: 1224: 1220:, OUSD Legistar 1216: 1212: 1198:Murphy, Katy. " 1197: 1186: 1177: 1175: 1167: 1166: 1162: 1149: 1139: 1133: 1131: 1122: 1121: 1117: 1110:Oakland Tribune 1103:Murphy, Katy. " 1102: 1098: 1083: 1066: 1052:Mathews, Jay. " 1051: 1042: 1027: 1006: 986: 985: 972: 963: 961: 952: 951: 947: 936: 929: 914: 875: 869:Wayback Machine 860: 856: 850:Wayback Machine 843:Family Handbook 840: 833: 827:Wayback Machine 820:Family Handbook 817: 813: 803: 801: 796: 795: 788: 783: 771: 761: 759: 749: 747: 739: 737: 703: 656: 620: 575: 561: 515:Native American 499: 494: 486:school uniforms 482: 480:School uniforms 450: 408: 396:military school 386: 368: 353:Merritt College 336: 319: 302: 285: 276: 264:Oakland Tribune 186:Native American 182: 154: 116:Merritt College 77: 69:616 (2015) 17: 12: 11: 5: 3282: 3280: 3272: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3236: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3179: 3177: 3173: 3172: 3170: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3148: 3142: 3140: 3136: 3135: 3130: 3127: 3126: 3124: 3123: 3118: 3112: 3110: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3086: 3085: 3074: 3072: 3068: 3067: 3065: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3043: 3041: 3035: 3034: 3032: 3031: 3025: 3023: 3017: 3016: 3014: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2997: 2995: 2993:Pleasanton USD 2989: 2988: 2986: 2985: 2979: 2973: 2971: 2965: 2964: 2962: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2910: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2899: 2898: 2892: 2890: 2884: 2883: 2881: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2864: 2862: 2856: 2855: 2853: 2852: 2847: 2841: 2839: 2833: 2832: 2830: 2829: 2824: 2819: 2813: 2811: 2805: 2804: 2802: 2801: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2769: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2758: 2757: 2751: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2740: 2739: 2734: 2728: 2726: 2720: 2719: 2717: 2716: 2711: 2705: 2703: 2697: 2696: 2694: 2693: 2688: 2682: 2680: 2674: 2673: 2671: 2670: 2668:MacGregor High 2665: 2659: 2657: 2651: 2650: 2648: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2626: 2624: 2618: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2610: 2604: 2602: 2601: 2594: 2587: 2579: 2570: 2569: 2567: 2566: 2553: 2550: 2549: 2547: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2529:Alameda County 2525: 2523: 2519: 2518: 2516: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2503:Temescal Creek 2500: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2478:Notable people 2475: 2470: 2464: 2462: 2458: 2457: 2454: 2453: 2451: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2414: 2408: 2406: 2396: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2368:Warren Freeway 2365: 2363:Interstate 980 2360: 2359: 2358: 2351:Interstate 880 2348: 2346:Interstate 580 2343: 2341:MacArthur Maze 2338: 2333: 2332: 2331: 2321: 2315: 2313: 2312:Transportation 2309: 2308: 2306: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2284: 2282: 2278: 2277: 2275: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2257: 2255:Occupy Oakland 2252: 2247: 2245:Riders scandal 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2196: 2194: 2184: 2183: 2181: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2149: 2147: 2143: 2142: 2139: 2138: 2136: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2104: 2103: 2093: 2092: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2045: 2043: 2037: 2036: 2034: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1997: 1995: 1988: 1984: 1983: 1981: 1980: 1975: 1969: 1967: 1963: 1962: 1957: 1955: 1954: 1947: 1940: 1932: 1926: 1925: 1919: 1912: 1911:External links 1909: 1908: 1907: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1885: 1859: 1840: 1796: 1777: 1742: 1719: 1695: 1662: 1650:Drum, Kevin. " 1638: 1618: 1578: 1559: 1536: 1513: 1493: 1470: 1442: 1415: 1397: 1367: 1342: 1297: 1268: 1246: 1222: 1210: 1184: 1173:www.cde.ca.gov 1160: 1129:East Bay Times 1115: 1096: 1064: 1040: 1004: 970: 945: 943:, 2 April 2012 927: 873: 854: 831: 811: 785: 784: 782: 779: 778: 777: 770: 769: 757: 736: 733: 702: 699: 690:Kevin Drum of 662:(API) of 967. 655: 652: 619: 616: 574: 571: 560: 557: 511:Asian American 498: 495: 493: 490: 481: 478: 466:Colbert Report 449: 446: 407: 404: 385: 382: 367: 364: 335: 332: 318: 315: 301: 298: 284: 281: 275: 272: 181: 178: 153: 150: 142:North Carolina 120:Asian American 87: 86: 75: 71: 70: 67: 63: 62: 59: 55: 54: 51: 47: 46: 42: 41: 33: 32: 24: 23: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3281: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3241: 3239: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3180: 3178: 3174: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3143: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3128: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3113: 3111: 3107: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3084: 3081: 3080: 3079: 3076: 3075: 3073: 3069: 3063: 3062:East Bay Arts 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3036: 3030: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 3001:Amador Valley 2999: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2990: 2984:(Alternative) 2983: 2980: 2978: 2977:Piedmont High 2975: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2966: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2903: 2897: 2894: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2885: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2860:New Haven USD 2857: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2834: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2818: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2806: 2800:(alternative) 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2762: 2756: 2753: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2744: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2721: 2715: 2712: 2710: 2707: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2698: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2686:Berkeley High 2684: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2675: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2652: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2619: 2612: 2607: 2600: 2595: 2593: 2588: 2586: 2581: 2580: 2577: 2565: 2564: 2555: 2554: 2551: 2545: 2544:United States 2542: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2526: 2524: 2520: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2474: 2473:Neighborhoods 2471: 2469: 2466: 2465: 2463: 2459: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2400: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2357: 2354: 2353: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2330: 2327: 2326: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2316: 2314: 2310: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2294: 2291: 2289: 2286: 2285: 2283: 2279: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2262: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2185: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2102: 2099: 2098: 2097: 2094: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2051: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2044: 2038: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2021:Mills College 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2006:Laney College 2004: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1989: 1985: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1970: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1953: 1948: 1946: 1941: 1939: 1934: 1933: 1930: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1904: 1899: 1895: 1894: 1890: 1882: 1881: 1876: 1872: 1869: 1863: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1851: 1844: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1832: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1807: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1792: 1787: 1781: 1778: 1774: 1773: 1768: 1764: 1761: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1743: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1723: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1711: 1704: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1691: 1686: 1682: 1679: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1658: 1653: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1628: 1622: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1610: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1593: 1591: 1589: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1574: 1569: 1563: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1549: 1543: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1526: 1520: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1503: 1497: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1483: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1459: 1452: 1446: 1443: 1430: 1429:Oakland North 1426: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1409: 1404: 1402: 1398: 1386:on 2015-07-19 1385: 1381: 1377: 1371: 1368: 1356: 1349: 1347: 1343: 1338: 1332: 1318:on 2014-06-11 1314: 1307: 1301: 1298: 1285: 1278: 1272: 1269: 1257: 1250: 1247: 1235: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1211: 1207: 1206: 1201: 1195: 1193: 1191: 1189: 1185: 1174: 1170: 1164: 1161: 1156: 1144: 1130: 1126: 1119: 1116: 1112: 1111: 1106: 1100: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1081: 1079: 1077: 1075: 1073: 1071: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1060: 1055: 1049: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1036: 1031: 1025: 1023: 1021: 1019: 1017: 1015: 1013: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1000: 996: 992: 991: 983: 981: 979: 977: 975: 971: 959: 955: 949: 946: 942: 938: 934: 932: 928: 924: 920: 919: 912: 910: 908: 906: 904: 902: 900: 898: 896: 894: 892: 890: 888: 886: 884: 882: 880: 878: 874: 870: 866: 863: 858: 855: 851: 847: 844: 838: 836: 832: 828: 824: 821: 815: 812: 799: 793: 791: 787: 780: 776: 773: 772: 768: 758: 756: 746: 742: 734: 732: 730: 729:Massachusetts 726: 722: 717: 715: 714: 707: 700: 698: 695: 694: 688: 684: 680: 678: 672: 669: 665: 661: 653: 651: 648: 646: 641: 639: 638: 632: 628: 624: 617: 615: 612: 610: 609:summer school 605: 603: 599: 593: 589: 586: 585: 579: 572: 570: 568: 567: 558: 556: 552: 548: 545: 544: 538: 536: 532: 528: 524: 519: 516: 512: 503: 496: 491: 489: 487: 479: 477: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 447: 445: 441: 439: 438: 433: 429: 424: 422: 421: 416: 415: 405: 403: 401: 397: 393: 392: 383: 381: 379: 378: 373: 365: 363: 361: 356: 354: 350: 346: 340: 333: 331: 327: 323: 316: 314: 310: 308: 299: 297: 293: 289: 282: 280: 273: 271: 268: 266: 265: 258: 256: 255: 248: 245: 244:Mills College 240: 238: 233: 229: 225: 223: 219: 215: 211: 206: 204: 203: 198: 193: 191: 187: 179: 177: 173: 169: 165: 163: 159: 151: 149: 145: 143: 139: 135: 130: 128: 123: 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 93: 84: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 43: 39: 34: 30: 25: 20: 3131: 3077: 2969:Piedmont USD 2944:Oakland High 2817:Hayward High 2678:Berkeley USD 2640:Encinal High 2630:Alameda High 2561: 2508:Sausal Creek 2498:Lake Merritt 2448:West Oakland 2428:Lake Merritt 2259: 2163:City Council 2108:The Crucible 2095: 2089:Skyline High 2079:Oakland High 2074:MetWest High 2064:Fremont High 1901: 1878: 1862: 1848: 1843: 1829: 1789: 1780: 1770: 1736: 1732: 1722: 1708: 1688: 1657:Mother Jones 1655: 1621: 1607: 1571: 1562: 1496: 1461:. Retrieved 1457: 1445: 1433:. Retrieved 1428: 1418: 1411: 1390:22 September 1388:. Retrieved 1384:the original 1379: 1370: 1359:. Retrieved 1320:. Retrieved 1313:the original 1300: 1288:. Retrieved 1283: 1271: 1260:. Retrieved 1249: 1238:. Retrieved 1213: 1203: 1176:. Retrieved 1172: 1163: 1132:. Retrieved 1128: 1118: 1108: 1099: 1085: 1057: 1033: 999:the original 989: 962:. Retrieved 960:. 2001-11-14 957: 948: 940: 916: 857: 814: 802:. Retrieved 723:, a private 718: 711: 708: 704: 693:Mother Jones 691: 689: 685: 681: 673: 667: 657: 649: 642: 635: 633: 629: 625: 621: 613: 606: 594: 590: 582: 580: 576: 564: 562: 553: 549: 541: 539: 520: 508: 497:Student body 492:Demographics 483: 454:U.S. liberal 451: 442: 435: 431: 425: 418: 412: 409: 389: 387: 377:Mother Jones 375: 369: 360:Lake Merritt 357: 341: 337: 328: 324: 320: 311: 306: 303: 294: 290: 286: 277: 269: 262: 259: 252: 249: 241: 234: 230: 226: 207: 200: 194: 183: 174: 172:accounting. 170: 166: 155: 146: 131: 124: 95: 91: 90: 3083:High School 2906:Oakland USD 2868:James Logan 2809:Hayward USD 2765:Fremont USD 2732:Dublin High 2663:Albany High 2622:Alameda USD 2101:High School 2049:Oakland USD 2040:Primary and 1458:OaklandSide 1151:|last= 474:George Will 96:AIM Schools 81:.aimschools 45:Information 3238:Categories 2982:Millennium 2934:McClymonds 2914:Castlemont 2888:Newark USD 2822:Mount Eden 2793:Washington 2724:Dublin USD 2655:Albany USD 2539:California 2388:AC Transit 2210:Key System 2146:Government 1361:2018-07-08 1322:2012-06-27 1262:2018-07-08 1240:2018-07-08 1178:2024-05-29 1134:2024-05-29 964:2024-05-29 804:1 February 781:References 618:Admissions 573:Curriculum 448:Philosophy 372:Kevin Drum 366:Operations 210:Ben Chavis 158:Ben Chavis 134:Ben Chavis 66:Enrollment 2850:Livermore 2798:Robertson 2778:Irvington 2747:Emery USD 2443:Rockridge 2433:MacArthur 2158:City Hall 2042:secondary 1987:Education 1739:(2): 138. 400:detention 349:Chinatown 3006:Foothill 2827:Tennyson 2773:American 2563:Category 2423:Coliseum 2405:stations 2191:Timeline 1871:Archived 1763:Archived 1681:Archived 1630:Archived 1551:Archived 1528:Archived 1505:Archived 1485:Archived 1357:. SFGate 1331:cite web 1258:. SFGate 1143:cite web 865:Archived 846:Archived 823:Archived 735:See also 687:higher. 370:In 2009 334:Campuses 307:SF Gate, 152:Overview 2959:Skyline 2939:MetWest 2924:Fremont 2845:Granada 2608:Schools 2522:Related 2187:History 1966:Economy 1463:May 29, 1435:29 July 1290:May 29, 941:SF Gate 767:Schools 741:Portals 666:of the 559:Faculty 180:History 74:Website 50:Faculty 3047:Arroyo 2281:Sports 2153:Mayors 1994:Higher 602:Edison 598:Darwin 523:Laurel 345:Laurel 214:Lumbee 162:Lumbee 138:Lumbee 108:Laurel 58:Grades 2513:Crime 2461:Other 2324:SR 24 1454:(PDF) 1316:(PDF) 1309:(PDF) 1284:FCMAT 1280:(PDF) 2403:BART 1465:2024 1437:2013 1392:2020 1337:link 1292:2024 1155:help 806:2018 677:KIPP 533:and 125:The 83:.org 2438:OAK 1900:." 1877:." 1654:." 1570:." 1202:", 1107:." 1056:." 1032:." 727:in 600:or 437:sic 374:of 79:www 61:K–8 3240:: 1799:^ 1788:, 1769:" 1745:^ 1737:14 1735:. 1731:. 1698:^ 1687:" 1665:^ 1641:^ 1581:^ 1539:^ 1516:^ 1473:^ 1456:. 1427:. 1410:, 1400:^ 1378:. 1345:^ 1333:}} 1329:{{ 1282:. 1225:^ 1187:^ 1171:. 1147:: 1145:}} 1141:{{ 1127:. 1067:^ 1043:^ 1007:^ 993:, 973:^ 956:. 930:^ 876:^ 834:^ 789:^ 239:. 144:. 122:. 53:23 2598:e 2591:t 2584:v 2193:) 2189:( 1951:e 1944:t 1937:v 1855:4 1836:3 1715:2 1625:" 1614:1 1546:" 1523:" 1500:" 1480:" 1467:. 1439:. 1394:. 1364:. 1339:) 1325:. 1294:. 1265:. 1243:. 1181:. 1157:) 1137:. 1092:2 967:. 923:1 841:" 818:" 808:. 743:: 212:( 160:( 136:( 94:(

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.