239:, and the litter in which the dog is born must be registered with the AKC. If the dog's parents are not registered with the AKC or the litter is not registered, an exception may be made if the AKC determines, through special registry research, that the dog is eligible for AKC registration. Once a determination of eligibility is met, either by litter application or registry research, the dog can be registered as purebred by the AKC. Registration indicates only that the dog's parents were registered as one recognized breed; it does not necessarily indicate that the dog comes from healthy or show-quality bloodlines, nor is registration necessarily a reflection on the quality of the breeder or how the puppy was raised.
224:
260:
29:
204:
not registered with the AKC would have to pay a duty charge; this was later changed in 1911, allowing any dog registered with a kennel club in its home country duty-free entry into the country. Soon after the AKC, CKC, and KC produced agreements that made any dog eligible to be registered with the club in its home country, eligible for registration in the remaining two clubs as well. In 1909, the group moved to New York and became
469:
593:
found the dogs in "poor" condition, suffering from illnesses, injuries and living in "unhealthy conditions", according to court documents. A veterinarian told the court that the rescued dogs had ailments that ranged "from serious to severe" and that "most of the injuries appeared to be chronic, having been in existence for a substantial period of time."
623:(OFA) and the AKC Canine Health Foundation have established the Canine Health Information Center (CHIC) to encourage health testing by breeders and provide breeders and researchers with information to improve breeding programs. More than 135 different breeds have specific health testing prerequisites required by their parent breed club.
654:(JRTCA) opposed the idea on the grounds that the working abilities of the JRT would be compromised by turning it into a show dog with an association dedicated to providing awards and championship status to individual dogs based solely on their conformation. The AKC did accept the JRT into the registry but under the new name
559:, and may also restrict participation in non-regular events or classes such as futurities or maturities to only those dogs meeting their defined criteria. These non-regular events can require health testing, DNA sampling, instinct/ability testing, and other outlined requirements as established by the hosting club.
592:
kennel approved by AKC inspectors in 2008 and 2009 was sentenced to five years in prison for animal cruelty in operating that kennel. Similarly, an AKC inspector found a North
Carolina kennel "in compliance with AKC's Care Conditions Policy" three months before county officers raided the facility and
550:
The AKC has no health standards for breeding; the only breeding restriction is age (a dog can be no younger than eight months). Though the majority of the 170 breed-specific parent clubs have a health committee devoted to their breed's specific concerns, the AKC prohibits clubs from imposing stricter
580:
breeder, filed a lawsuit (that was settled) against the AKC and cited the AKC's connections with high-volume breeders among the reasons. The Coton's "reputation and business model is based on a disassociation from 'puppy mills' and similar commercial breeding operations", according to the complaint.
203:
In 1894, the
American Kennel Club began to refuse to allow Canadian dogs without an American pedigree to participate in its shows, following the prevailing trends in American purebred cattle organizations. In 1906, the U.S. Department of Agriculture ruled that any dogs imported to America who were
562:
In summary, attention to health among breeders is voluntary and not mandated. By contrast, many dog clubs outside the U.S. do require health tests of breeding dogs. The German
Shepherd Club of Germany, for example, requires hip and elbow X-rays in addition to other tests before a dog can be bred.
563:
Such breeding restrictions are not allowed in AKC member clubs. As a result, some U.S. breeders have established parallel registries or health databases outside of the AKC; for example, the Berner Garde established such a database in 1995 after genetic diseases reduced the average lifespan of a
195:
in that individuals could not directly join the AKC; they became members of smaller, individual breed clubs, which were themselves members of the AKC. When arguments began to develop between the
American and Canadian breed clubs in 1886, the Canadian clubs pulled out from the organization and
607:
The AKC does support several health research initiatives. The AKC Canine Health
Foundation funded research that led to the mapping of the canine genome (DNA sequence) with grants totaling more than $ 2,000,000. Sequencing of the dog genome began in June 2003, funded in large part by the
546:
maintains that the AKC's standards only regulate physical appearance, not emotional or behavioral health. The AKC itself states that "There is a widely held belief that 'AKC' or 'AKC papers' guarantee the quality of a dog. This is not the case. AKC is a registry body. A registration
234:
The AKC is the largest registry of purebred dogs in the U.S. and is the only not-for profit registry, as well as the most well-known and the most influential. For a purebred dog to be registered with the AKC, the dog's parents must be registered with the AKC as the same
522:
in their dogs. As many as 25% of purebred dogs registered by the AKC has at least one hereditary genetic problem. These problems cost breeders and owners almost $ 1 billion in vet bills and lost revenues from stillborn pups. Some breed clubs, such as the U.S.
175:
began. Soon after, the need for a regulating body became obvious. The
National American Kennel Club, which had been founded in 1876, began to publish and make publicly available its studbook in 1879. This organization, however, had more vested interest in
191:, 10 American clubs and three Canadian clubs founded the American Kennel Club. These 13 clubs pledged "to do everything to advance the study, breeding, exhibiting, running and maintenance of purity of thoroughbred dogs." The AKC differed from
534:" in several U.S. states. These laws protect dog owners from genetic diseases that their breeder may have neglected to inform them of, allowing them to get a refund for the cost of the puppy or to force the breeder to pay their vet bills.
551:
regulations since the AKC Rules
Applying to Registration and Discipline apply to all breed clubs and do not provide an option for breed clubs to extend or override them. Thus, an AKC breed club cannot require a higher breeding age,
575:
has won out over these concerns. Concern surrounding the AKC's connections to low-quality breeders has resulted in some dog owners seeking to distance themselves from the organization. In
October 2012, Hailey Parker, a longtime
639:
Club voted to reject AKC recognition in May 2000 due to the incompatibility of the breed club's no-sales-to-pet-stores rule, while the AKC required such sales. The breed club had such a rule to aid in the genetic health of the
570:
For these, and other reasons, a small number of breed clubs have not yet joined the AKC so they can maintain stringent health standards, but, in general, the breeders' desire to show their dogs at AKC shows such as the
447:
Another AKC affiliate is the AKC Humane Fund, which supports breed rescue activities, assists shelters that permit domestic violence victims to bring their pets and educates dog lovers about responsible dog ownership.
604:. According to the Humane Society's report, "over the past five years, AKC has opposed more than 80 different state bills and local ordinances designed to provide stronger protections for dogs in puppy mills".
542:
The AKC supports some canine health research and has run advertising campaigns implying that the AKC is committed to healthy dogs, but the AKC's role in furthering dog health is controversial.
441:
program. This program tests dogs of any breed (including mixed breed) or type, registered or not, for basic behavior and temperament suitable for appearing in public and living at home.
588:
and for lax enforcement of breeding regulations. The AKC employs just nine field inspectors and critics argue that its inspections are ineffective. For example, the owner of a
Montana
444:
Another AKC affiliate is AKC Reunite, formerly AKC Companion Animal
Recovery (AKC CAR), founded in 1995, which is North America's largest not-for-profit pet ID and recovery service.
1844:
905:
1374:
1404:
1278:
1820:
160:
1702:
171:
In the early 1800s, the English became concerned with the beauty of dogs as well as their function. This fad spread to North America, and in 1877, the
1330:
609:
1722:
1805:
1667:
1312:
555:
ratings, genetic tests for heritable diseases, or any other restrictions. Parent clubs have the power to define the looks of the breed, or the
527:
Club, resisted applying for AKC breed acceptance due to fears that doing so would be detrimental to the genetics of the breed they represent.
1611:
1526:
1492:
1101:
821:
780:
1573:
597:
1849:
1692:
1439:
482:
1707:
1144:
620:
1777:
251:
service the club provides for new purebred dog breeds that have been introduced to the US and are yet to be recognized by the AKC.
616:
in 2005. Because people inherit many of the same diseases as dogs, humans can also benefit from health research funded for dogs.
572:
455:, after the dogs have been certified by AKC recognized therapy dog organizations and have performed a required number of visits.
172:
148:
878:
1757:
1516:
1226:
184:, and eventually changed its name to the National Field Trial Association and stopped hosting conformation shows completely.
1782:
651:
636:
1762:
1382:
1727:
930:
1252:
1411:
1660:
1543:
1069:
1747:
1282:
691:
493:
340:
156:
667:
The AKC has lobbied dog-related bills. They are opposed to tightening of laws regarding licensing of trainers.
205:
1164:
1767:
1752:
1717:
567:
to seven years. By comparison, the Swiss Bernese Mountain Dog Club introduced mandatory hip X-rays in 1971.
1047:
1334:
655:
552:
489:
477:
1839:
1792:
1653:
1640:
1604:
The encyclopedia of dog sports and activities: a field guide to 36 fun activities for you and your dog
1742:
1697:
1676:
681:
647:
564:
336:
264:
197:
1787:
438:
432:
223:
831:
1772:
1003:
686:
676:
230:
breed competition at the Reliant Arena American Kennel Club World Series Dog Show July 23, 2006.
215:
Association. These titles are Flyball Champion (FDCh), Flyball Master (FM), and the ONYX title.
1737:
1732:
1712:
1607:
1522:
1488:
1482:
1140:
1097:
776:
375:
The AKC organises a variety of field competitions they term performance dog sports, including
304:
181:
152:
136:
1447:
1136:
1129:
768:
1544:"License requirement for dog trainers stymied by intense lobbying from American Kennel Club"
589:
519:
28:
1798:
864:
826:
613:
577:
364:
283:
192:
259:
211:
On July 1, 2012, the AKC began to recognize certain titles issued by the North American
1124:
556:
543:
384:
376:
279:
275:
272:
248:
128:
1833:
1551:
1087:
547:
certificate ... in no way indicates the quality or state of health of the dog."
524:
388:
75:
1230:
412:
396:
1191:
1091:
1816:
721:
696:
452:
392:
352:
324:
320:
268:
177:
140:
65:
1468:
612:(NHGRI) and finished the completed sequence of the entire dog genome at MIT's
601:
585:
227:
188:
773:
Bred for Perfection: Shorthorn Cattle, Collies, and Arabian Horses Since 1800
139:
in the United States. In addition to maintaining its pedigree registry, this
531:
416:
408:
404:
308:
1256:
1471:, Canine Health Information Center, CHIC Breeds. Accessed March 16, 2011.
380:
132:
1645:
1636:
488:
Please help rewrite or integrate negative information to other sections
420:
335:
and miscellaneous groups. The AKC's premier conformation shows are the
332:
328:
316:
212:
151:, an annual event which predates the official forming of the AKC, the
400:
1227:"Verein für Deutsche Schäferhunde (SV) e.V.: Bekämpfung von HD + ED"
1093:
The Dog Wars: How the Border Collie Battled the American Kennel Club
1160:
1030:"Pet Microchip Registration & Lost Pet Recovery - AKC Reunite"
312:
258:
236:
222:
1055:
355:
competitions open to all AKC registered dogs over 12-months age.
295:
The AKC sanctions events in which dogs and handlers can compete.
879:"AKC-registered breeders raising dogs in 'miserable' conditions"
1649:
1574:"American Kennel Club opposed 450+ bills designed to help dogs"
1208:
530:
These genetic issues have resulted in the emergence of "puppy
462:
144:
1029:
1405:"The American Kennel Club: No longer 'The Dogs's Champion'"
1356:
1629:
1484:
Dog's Best Friend: Annals of the Dog-Human Relationship
196:
established their own kennel club two years later, the
106:
1357:"Newsday | Long Island's & NYC's News Source"
658:
to distinguish the AKC dogs from the JRT working dogs.
1434:
1432:
367:open to all AKC registered dogs over 6-months age.
101:
91:
81:
71:
61:
43:
35:
1128:
600:criticized the AKC for not taking a stand against
518:The AKC has been criticized for the prevalence of
247:The AKC's Foundation Stock Service is an optional
1487:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 197–198.
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
163:. The AKC recognizes 200 dog breeds, as of 2022.
1542:Finney, Michael; Yip, Randall (April 12, 2023).
1313:"Safety Concerns Stoke Criticism of Kennel Club"
1311:Pilon, Mary; Craig, Susanne (February 9, 2013).
906:"Safety Concerns Stoke Criticism of Kennel Club"
904:Pilon, Mary; Craig, Susanne (February 9, 2013).
143:also promotes and sanctions events for purebred
1375:"AKC Fails to Take a Stand Against Puppy Mills"
1192:"Rules Applying to Registration and Discipline"
584:The club has also been criticized for courting
1572:Block, Kitty; Amundson, Sara (June 30, 2023).
1661:
8:
863:American Kennel Club, Dog Registration FAQ,
762:
21:
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
307:dogs compete in different classes based on
159:. The AKC is a non-member partner with the
1668:
1654:
1646:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
650:wanted to be included in the AKC, but the
20:
1186:
1184:
1182:
877:Rossen, Jeff; Patel, Avni (May 1, 2013).
1845:1884 establishments in the United States
1135:. New York, New York: Scribner. p.
931:"Foundation Stock Service® Program Home"
610:National Human Genome Research Institute
1723:Ente Nazionale della Cinofilia Italiana
713:
990:
978:
966:
954:
1821:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
767:Margaret E. Derry (October 7, 2003).
161:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
7:
1703:Confederação Brasileira de Cinofilia
1606:. Neptune City: T.F.H Publications.
1515:Burns, Patrick (February 16, 2006).
652:Jack Russell Terrier Club of America
478:"criticism" or "controversy" section
1806:Verband fĂĽr das Deutsche Hundewesen
598:Humane Society of the United States
1693:Australian National Kennel Council
820:Lemonick, Michael D. (June 2001).
311:and sex, with breeds divided into
14:
1708:Cynological Federation of Georgia
1167:from the original on May 14, 2011
621:Orthopedic Foundation for Animals
451:The AKC also provides titles for
271:. This particular dog is a multi-
573:Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show
467:
173:Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show
149:Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show
27:
1758:Kennel Union of Southern Africa
646:In the 1990s, some breeders of
586:large scale commercial breeders
16:American purebreed dog registry
1778:Real Sociedad Canina en España
633:Cavalier King Charles Spaniel:
1:
1127:; Johnson, Catherine (2005).
637:Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
481:may compromise the article's
1763:Malaysian Kennel Association
957:, pp. 97 & 100-101.
49:; 140 years ago
1728:Indian National Kennel Club
1481:Mark Derr (April 1, 2004).
775:. JHU Press. pp. 48–.
377:herding and farm dog trials
1868:
769:"Producing Beautiful Dogs"
430:
1850:Dogs in the United States
1814:
1748:Kennel Club of Montenegro
1683:
1518:American Working Terriers
1070:"AKC Therapy Dog Program"
853:(#9): 10. September 2012.
692:Dogs in the United States
627:Opposition by breed clubs
459:Criticism and controversy
341:AKC National Championship
157:AKC National Championship
26:
1163:. American Kennel Club.
1004:"Performance Dog Sports"
867:, Accessed June 8, 2009.
722:"Members & Partners"
437:The AKC also offers the
243:Foundation Stock Service
1783:Société Centrale Canine
1768:New Zealand Kennel Club
1753:Kennel Club of Pakistan
1718:East Africa Kennel Club
187:In 1884, a group of 13
1602:Morgan, Diane (2009).
1131:Animals in Translation
1058:on September 29, 2015.
656:Parson Russell Terrier
371:Performance dog sports
287:
231:
1793:Svenska Kennelklubben
1677:National kennel clubs
1285:on September 28, 2007
1279:"KBS - 2. Massnahmen"
648:Jack Russell Terriers
644:Jack Russell Terrier:
262:
226:
1743:Kennel Club of India
1698:Canadian Kennel Club
1688:American Kennel Club
1637:American Kennel Club
1469:Caninehealthinfo.org
1440:"Dog Genome Project"
1337:on December 15, 2008
1161:"About Registration"
1074:American Kennel Club
1008:American Kennel Club
935:American Kennel Club
682:List of kennel clubs
565:Bernese Mountain Dog
337:Westminster Dog Show
265:Pembroke Welsh Corgi
198:Canadian Kennel Club
121:American Kennel Club
22:American Kennel Club
1788:Suomen Kennelliitto
1385:on October 19, 2018
1259:on February 4, 2007
1090:(January 1, 2007).
993:, pp. 311–322.
834:on August 20, 2006.
822:"A Terrible Beauty"
439:Canine Good Citizen
433:Canine Good Citizen
23:
1773:Polish Kennel Club
1548:ABC7 San Francisco
1444:broadinstitute.org
1233:on January 6, 2007
910:The New York Times
687:United Kennel Club
677:List of dog breeds
490:through discussion
363:The AKC organises
351:The AKC organises
305:conformation shows
299:Conformation shows
288:
232:
182:conformation shows
93:Official language
1827:
1826:
1738:Japan Kennel Club
1733:Irish Kennel Club
1713:Dutch Kennel Club
1613:978-0-7938-1275-2
1528:978-1-4116-6082-3
1494:978-0-226-14280-7
1450:on March 17, 2011
1379:humanesociety.org
1331:"Thedogpress.com"
1253:"Bernergarde.org"
1103:978-0-9794690-0-8
1048:"AKC Humane Fund"
782:978-0-8018-7344-7
520:genetic disorders
511:
510:
381:scent work trials
267:participating in
153:National Dog Show
117:
116:
1857:
1802:
1801:(United Kingdom)
1670:
1663:
1656:
1647:
1633:
1632:
1630:Official website
1617:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1446:. Archived from
1436:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1417:on March 4, 2016
1416:
1410:. Archived from
1409:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1381:. Archived from
1371:
1365:
1364:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1333:. Archived from
1327:
1321:
1320:
1308:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1281:. Archived from
1275:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1255:. Archived from
1249:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1229:. Archived from
1223:
1217:
1216:
1213:schaeferhunde.de
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1188:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1134:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1096:. Outrun Press.
1084:
1078:
1077:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1054:. Archived from
1044:
1038:
1037:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1000:
994:
988:
982:
976:
970:
964:
958:
952:
946:
945:
943:
941:
927:
921:
920:
918:
916:
901:
895:
894:
892:
890:
874:
868:
861:
855:
854:
845:"First Things".
842:
836:
835:
830:. Archived from
817:
794:
793:
791:
789:
764:
737:
736:
734:
732:
718:
590:Alaskan Malamute
506:
503:
497:
471:
470:
463:
365:obedience trials
359:Obedience trials
331:, non-sporting,
147:, including the
113:
110:
108:
57:
55:
50:
31:
24:
1867:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1810:
1799:The Kennel Club
1797:
1679:
1674:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1614:
1601:
1598:
1593:
1592:
1582:
1580:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1556:
1554:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1467:
1463:
1453:
1451:
1438:
1437:
1430:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1310:
1309:
1298:
1288:
1286:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1262:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1236:
1234:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1125:Grandin, Temple
1123:
1122:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1052:AKC Humane Fund
1046:
1045:
1041:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1013:
1011:
1002:
1001:
997:
989:
985:
977:
973:
965:
961:
953:
949:
939:
937:
929:
928:
924:
914:
912:
903:
902:
898:
888:
886:
876:
875:
871:
862:
858:
844:
843:
839:
819:
818:
797:
787:
785:
783:
766:
765:
740:
730:
728:
720:
719:
715:
710:
705:
673:
665:
629:
614:Broad Institute
596:Similarly, the
578:Coton de Tulear
540:
516:
507:
501:
498:
487:
476:This article's
472:
468:
461:
435:
429:
385:earthdog trials
293:
257:
245:
221:
193:The Kennel Club
169:
105:
94:
84:
53:
51:
48:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1832:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1634:
1623:
1622:External links
1620:
1619:
1618:
1612:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1578:A Humane World
1564:
1534:
1527:
1507:
1493:
1473:
1461:
1428:
1396:
1366:
1348:
1322:
1317:New York Times
1296:
1270:
1244:
1218:
1200:
1178:
1152:
1145:
1116:
1102:
1079:
1061:
1039:
1034:akcreunite.org
1021:
995:
983:
971:
969:, p. 101.
959:
947:
922:
896:
883:Rossen Reports
869:
856:
837:
795:
781:
738:
712:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
700:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
672:
669:
664:
661:
660:
659:
641:
628:
625:
557:breed standard
544:Temple Grandin
539:
536:
515:
512:
509:
508:
475:
473:
466:
460:
457:
431:Main article:
428:
427:Other programs
425:
373:
372:
361:
360:
349:
348:
301:
300:
292:
289:
256:
253:
249:breed registry
244:
241:
220:
217:
168:
165:
115:
114:
103:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
85:
83:Region served
82:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1863:
1862:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1583:September 26,
1579:
1575:
1568:
1565:
1557:September 26,
1553:
1552:San Francisco
1549:
1545:
1538:
1535:
1530:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1511:
1508:
1496:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1462:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1413:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1349:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1284:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1245:
1232:
1228:
1222:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1148:
1146:0-7432-4769-8
1142:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1105:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1088:Donald McCaig
1083:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1009:
1005:
999:
996:
992:
991:Morgan (2009)
987:
984:
981:, p. 16.
980:
979:Morgan (2009)
975:
972:
968:
967:Morgan (2009)
963:
960:
956:
955:Morgan (2009)
951:
948:
936:
932:
926:
923:
911:
907:
900:
897:
884:
880:
873:
870:
866:
860:
857:
852:
848:
841:
838:
833:
829:
828:
823:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
796:
784:
778:
774:
770:
763:
761:
759:
757:
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
739:
727:
723:
717:
714:
707:
702:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
674:
670:
668:
662:
657:
653:
649:
645:
642:
638:
634:
631:
630:
626:
624:
622:
617:
615:
611:
605:
603:
599:
594:
591:
587:
582:
579:
574:
568:
566:
560:
558:
554:
553:hip dysplasia
548:
545:
537:
535:
533:
528:
526:
525:Border Collie
521:
513:
505:
495:
491:
485:
484:
479:
474:
465:
464:
458:
456:
454:
449:
445:
442:
440:
434:
426:
424:
422:
418:
414:
413:pointing dogs
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:lure coursing
386:
382:
378:
370:
369:
368:
366:
358:
357:
356:
354:
346:
345:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
298:
297:
296:
290:
285:
281:
277:
274:
270:
266:
261:
254:
252:
250:
242:
240:
238:
229:
225:
218:
216:
214:
209:
207:
201:
199:
194:
190:
185:
183:
179:
174:
166:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
112:
104:
100:
96:
90:
87:United States
86:
80:
77:
76:New York City
74:
70:
67:
64:
60:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
25:
19:
1840:Kennel clubs
1687:
1603:
1596:Bibliography
1581:. Retrieved
1577:
1567:
1555:. Retrieved
1547:
1537:
1521:. Lulu.com.
1517:
1510:
1498:. Retrieved
1483:
1476:
1464:
1452:. Retrieved
1448:the original
1443:
1419:. Retrieved
1412:the original
1399:
1387:. Retrieved
1383:the original
1378:
1369:
1360:
1351:
1341:December 10,
1339:. Retrieved
1335:the original
1325:
1316:
1287:. Retrieved
1283:the original
1273:
1261:. Retrieved
1257:the original
1247:
1235:. Retrieved
1231:the original
1221:
1212:
1203:
1169:. Retrieved
1155:
1130:
1119:
1107:. Retrieved
1092:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1056:the original
1051:
1042:
1033:
1024:
1012:. Retrieved
1007:
998:
986:
974:
962:
950:
940:December 20,
938:. Retrieved
934:
925:
913:. Retrieved
909:
899:
887:. Retrieved
882:
872:
859:
850:
846:
840:
832:the original
825:
786:. Retrieved
772:
729:. Retrieved
725:
716:
666:
643:
632:
618:
606:
595:
583:
569:
561:
549:
541:
529:
517:
499:
480:
453:therapy dogs
450:
446:
443:
436:
393:field trials
374:
362:
350:
302:
294:
278:of agility,
246:
233:
219:Registration
210:
206:incorporated
202:
186:
178:field trials
170:
124:
120:
118:
72:Headquarters
36:Abbreviation
18:
1817:Kennel club
1014:October 26,
697:Dogs portal
602:puppy mills
391:trials and
353:dog agility
347:Dog agility
291:Competition
269:dog agility
189:breed clubs
141:kennel club
66:Kennel club
1834:Categories
1421:October 7,
1289:January 7,
1263:January 7,
1237:January 7,
726:www.fci.be
703:References
532:lemon laws
483:neutrality
417:retrievers
409:Dachshunds
405:coonhounds
255:Activities
228:Rottweiler
1454:March 15,
847:Dog World
708:Citations
502:June 2022
494:talk page
284:obedience
137:pedigrees
44:Formation
1641:Facebook
1500:June 20,
1171:April 5,
1165:Archived
1109:June 20,
915:June 20,
889:June 20,
788:June 20,
671:See also
663:Lobbying
514:Genetics
421:spaniels
339:and the
329:sporting
276:champion
180:than in
155:and the
133:purebred
129:registry
1361:Newsday
865:AKC.org
731:July 8,
492:on the
401:Beagles
397:Bassets
325:herding
321:working
317:terrier
303:In AKC
280:herding
213:Flyball
167:History
127:) is a
102:Website
97:English
52: (
1610:
1525:
1491:
1389:May 5,
1209:"Home"
1143:
1100:
1010:. 2021
779:
640:breed.
538:Health
282:, and
273:titled
1415:(PDF)
1408:(PDF)
1195:(PDF)
885:. NBC
313:hound
309:breed
237:breed
1608:ISBN
1585:2023
1559:2023
1523:ISBN
1502:2013
1489:ISBN
1456:2011
1423:2015
1391:2013
1343:2008
1291:2007
1265:2007
1239:2007
1173:2011
1141:ISBN
1111:2013
1098:ISBN
1016:2021
942:2019
917:2013
891:2013
827:Time
790:2013
777:ISBN
733:2021
635:The
619:The
419:and
395:for
145:dogs
135:dog
119:The
111:.org
109:.akc
62:Type
54:1884
47:1884
1639:on
333:toy
131:of
125:AKC
107:www
39:AKC
1836::
1819:•
1576:.
1550:.
1546:.
1442:.
1431:^
1377:.
1359:.
1315:.
1299:^
1211:.
1181:^
1139:.
1137:82
1072:.
1050:.
1032:.
1006:.
933:.
908:.
881:.
851:97
849:.
824:.
798:^
771:.
741:^
724:.
423:.
415:,
411:,
407:,
403:,
399:,
387:,
383:,
379:,
343:.
327:,
323:,
319:,
315:,
263:A
208:.
1669:e
1662:t
1655:v
1616:.
1587:.
1561:.
1531:.
1504:.
1458:.
1425:.
1393:.
1363:.
1345:.
1319:.
1293:.
1267:.
1241:.
1215:.
1197:.
1175:.
1149:.
1113:.
1076:.
1036:.
1018:.
944:.
919:.
893:.
792:.
735:.
504:)
500:(
496:.
486:.
286:.
200:.
123:(
56:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
