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901:. In 2001, it was opened to the public as The American Philosophical Society Museum, hosting revolving, thematic exhibitions that explore intersections of history, art, and science. The museum features works of art, scientific instruments, original manuscripts, rare books, natural history specimens, and curiosities of all kinds from the APS's own collections, along with objects on loan from other institutions.
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Membership of the APS "honors extraordinary accomplishments in all fields." It has about 1,000 elected members, comprising about 840 "resident" members (United States citizens or those working or living in the United States) and about 160 "international" members. As of April 2020 it had elected 5,710
358:
The society has about 1,000 elected members. As of April 2020, 5,710 members had been inducted since its creation. Through research grants, published journals, the
American Philosophical Society Museum, an extensive library, and regular meetings, the society supports a variety of disciplines in the
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from northern
Michigan. APS has created a guide to help provide broad coverage of the Native American and Indigenous archival collections at the Library & Museum of the American Philosophical Society. These materials date from 1553 to 2020 and include manuscript, audio, and visual materials
925:(LCP) built its headquarters directly across 5th Street from APS. In 1884 LCP sold its building, which was demolished for the expansion of the Drexel & Company Building in 1887. This building was demolished in the mid-1950s, during the creation of Independence National Historical Park.
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APS has a collection of indigenous language documents from around the United States including the ACLS Collection (American
Council of Learned Societies Committee on Native American Languages, American Philosophical Society) recordings of the
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The society also has a collection of manuscripts on the history of the
British colonies, Revolutionary War, the history of American science, quantum physics, Charles Darwin and evolution, genetics and the history of technology.
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542:. Franklin was elected the first president. During this time, the society maintained a standing Committee on American Improvements; one of its investigations was to study the prospects for a canal to connect the
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Hall at 431 Chestnut Street, immediately west of
Benjamin Franklin Hall, is the former Pennsylvania Company for Insurances on Lives and Granting Annuities Building, which was built in 1871–1873 and designed by
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1290:"American Council of Learned Societies Committee on Native American Languages, American Philosophical Society [ACLS Collection]: Franz Boas Collection of Materials for American Linguistics"
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897:. A third floor was added in 1890 to accommodate the expanding library, but was removed in 1948–1950, when the building was restored to its original appearance for the creation of
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569:. Under his influence, the society received land from the government of Pennsylvania, along with a plot of land in Philadelphia, where Philosophical Hall now stands.
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It was common at the time for intellectual societies to invite members from around the world, where the society recruited members from other countries, including
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770:, or natural philosophy," the oldest scientific prize awarded by an American institution, which it still awards. Other awards include the Barzun Prize for
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57:
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1983:
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2013:
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through research, professional meetings, publications, library resources, and community outreach. It was founded by the polymath
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have appeared since 1838; they publish the papers delivered at the society's biannual meetings. The society has also published
614:
were among the APS's first board members and contributors; the APS and SOC still maintain an informal, collegial relationship.
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786:, the Lewis Award, and the Thomas Jefferson Medal for distinguished achievement in the arts, humanities, or social sciences.
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1349:
Smith, Murphy D. (December 1, 1989). "Manuscript
Collecting at the American Philosophical Society: The First 101 Years".
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and is considered the first learned society founded in what became the United States, as well as the most prestigious.
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The life of
William Alexander, Earl of Stirling, Major-General in the Army of the United States during the Revolution
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On
January 2, 1769, the society united with the American Society for Promoting Useful Knowledge under the name
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1998:
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944:, to serve as a lecture hall. It is the site of meetings and most major events the society hosts.
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965:. It contains offices and the Consortium for History of Science, Technology and Medicine.
928:
APS built a library on the site in 1958 and recreated the façade of the old LCP building.
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779:
774:, the Judson Daland Prize for Outstanding Achievement in Clinical Investigation, the
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493:
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893:, was built in 1785–1789 to house the society and designed by Samuel Vaughan in the
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88:
1665:"Writings of Benjamin Franklin", broadcast from the American Philosophical Society
540:
American
Philosophical Society Held at Philadelphia for Promoting Useful Knowledge
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1639:
Notes on the
American Philosophical Society from the Scholarly Societies project
1320:"Home | Guide to the Indigenous Materials at the American Philosophical Society"
859:
825:
430:
1617:
1288:
Languages, American Council of Learned Societies Committee on Native American.
642:. Ten academic institutions have each been affiliated with 50 or more members:
3793:
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1664:
1216:
554:, which had been proposed by Thomas Gilpin, Sr., was built in the 1820s.
453:
326:
1060:
New York: Wiley & Putnam for the New Jersey Historical Society, 1847. p.5
213:
200:
3447:
Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc.
1518:
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767:
2539:
1364:
936:
APS restored the former Farmers' & Mechanics' Bank building at 425–29
3840:
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1319:
351:. In 1965, in recognition of the building's history, it was designated a
1652:
1164:
1679:
535:. The society lapsed into inactivity by 1746, but was revived in 1767.
1668:
3044:
940:, which was built in 1854–55 to the design of John M. Gries in the
343:, the society's headquarters and a museum, is located just east of
1032:"National Register Information System – (#66000675)"
908:
858:
396:
388:
377:
366:
1132:
Government Promotion of American Canals and Railroads, 1800–1890
726:
3048:
2456:
1683:
3635:
Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence
262:
1578:
Notable American Women, 1607–1950: A Biographical Dictionary
1090:"American Philosophical Society selected records, 1784–1954"
401:
Franklin Hall at the American Philosophical Hall, named for
87:, the headquarters of the American Philosophical Society in
3484:
Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One
1542:(2nd ed.), Philadelphia: Foundation for Architecture,
1495:(2nd ed.), Philadelphia: Foundation for Architecture,
1382:(2nd ed.), Philadelphia: Foundation for Architecture,
831:
The society also has an expansive archive on framer of the
3398:
A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain
1079:, Philadelphia Museum of Art. Retrieved December 31, 2015.
1610:
847:
relating to Indigenous peoples throughout the Americas.
2484:
US National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
2074:
Grand Army of the Republic Civil War Museum and Library
1406:
Teitelman, Edward & Longstreth, Richard W. (1981),
1259:"John H. Powell Collection of John Dickinson Research"
409:
The American Philosophical Society was founded as the
159:
134:
109:
30:
For the learned society of American philosophers, see
3526:
A Plan for Improving the Condition of the Free Blacks
1438:(Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1976), p. 92.
2414:
United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
433:, and others as an offshoot of an earlier club, the
3953:
3900:
3784:
3562:
3374:
3227:
3105:
2973:
2910:
2547:
2513:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
2490:
2358:
2322:
2279:
1959:
1887:
1829:
1719:
881:, at 104 South Fifth Street, Philadelphia, between
299:
291:
286:
273:
257:
247:
237:
229:
192:
176:
27:
American scholarly organization and learned society
3649:Benjamin Franklin Drawing Electricity from the Sky
3436:"Advice to a Friend on Choosing a Mistress" (1745)
1575:
796:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
1157:"Chesapeake and Delaware Canal (C & D Canal)"
1969:Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University
393:Thomas Jefferson Garden adjacent to Library Hall
3505:Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America
1217:"American Philosophical Society Member History"
1540:Philadelphia Architecture: A Guide to the City
1493:Philadelphia Architecture: A Guide to the City
1449:"American Philosophical Society Museum: About"
1401:
1399:
1380:Philadelphia Architecture: A Guide to the City
798:since 1771. Five issues appear each year. The
626:Over that history, 208 members have been from
4105:Members of the American Philosophical Society
3060:
2468:
1695:
8:
4125:Philosophical societies in the United States
3738:Cities, counties, schools named for Franklin
317:) is an American scholarly organization and
3455:Experiments and Observations on Electricity
1627:American Philosophical Society publications
607:were all prominent members of the society.
3491:Proposed alliance with the Iroquois (1775)
3257:Gulf Stream exploration, naming, and chart
3067:
3053:
3045:
2475:
2461:
2453:
2181:National Museum of American Jewish History
1702:
1688:
1680:
766:, a prize for achievement in "navigation,
644:
78:
3585:Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology
3356:President, Pennsylvania Abolition Society
1514:
1512:
567:United States Declaration of Independence
58:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
3204:Delegate, 1787 Constitutional Convention
1661:at Philadelphia Architects and Buildings
4130:Research libraries in the United States
3097:Second Continental Congress (1775–1776)
1974:African American Museum in Philadelphia
1227:from the original on September 17, 2022
1100:from the original on September 27, 2018
1023:
972:
561:, the society looked for leadership to
4095:Learned societies of the United States
3534:The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
3418:Early American publishers and printers
2034:Edgar Allan Poe National Historic Site
1473:
1462:
1197:from the original on February 13, 2017
41:
3087:President of Pennsylvania (1785–1788)
2251:Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial
2186:Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
2104:Independence National Historical Park
1408:Architecture in Philadelphia: A Guide
1352:Journal of the History of Collections
1269:from the original on October 12, 2020
1245:
899:Independence National Historical Park
762:In 1786, the society established the
349:Independence National Historical Park
18:American Philosophical Society Museum
7:
2986:Native American archaeological sites
1582:. Harvard University Press. p.
1037:National Register of Historic Places
4120:Organizations based in Philadelphia
4080:1743 establishments in Pennsylvania
3595:Benjamin Franklin National Memorial
3309:Academy and College of Philadelphia
2404:2016 Democratic National Convention
2156:Masonic Temple, Library, and Museum
1622:Indiana Philosophy Ontology Project
1330:from the original on April 11, 2022
828:bound 400 volumes for the society.
50:American Philosophical Society Hall
4041:Ann Smith Franklin (sister-in-law)
3441:"The Speech of Polly Baker" (1747)
3140:Committee of Secret Correspondence
2099:Historical Society of Pennsylvania
1984:American Swedish Historical Museum
1649:Historic American Buildings Survey
1538:Gallery, John Andrew, ed. (2004),
1491:Gallery, John Andrew, ed. (2004),
1378:Gallery, John Andrew, ed. (2004),
1300:from the original on April 7, 2022
640:University of California, Berkeley
32:American Philosophical Association
25:
4026:Mary Morrell Folger (grandmother)
3676:University of Pennsylvania statue
2241:Shofuso Japanese House and Garden
2161:Museum of the American Revolution
1567:Bibliography of Benjamin Franklin
863:National Historic Landmark Plaque
4054:
4053:
4006:Alexander Bache (great-grandson)
3763:Sons of Ben (Philadelphia Union)
3336:Continental Currency dollar coin
3237:Franklin's electrostatic machine
3209:Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly
3092:Ambassador to France (1779–1785)
3028:
3019:
3018:
2538:
2531:
2436:
2427:
2426:
2261:Wagner Free Institute of Science
2151:Marian Anderson Residence Museum
1163:. Scott M. Kozel. Archived from
1005:
993:
982:Interior of Philosophical Hall,
975:
913:Reading room for researchers at
565:, one of the signatories of the
158:
151:
133:
126:
108:
101:
4001:Andrew Harwood (great-grandson)
3976:Sarah Franklin Bache (daughter)
3431:The Drinker's Dictionary (1737)
3382:The Papers of Benjamin Franklin
3299:Library Company of Philadelphia
2094:Historical Society of Frankford
923:Library Company of Philadelphia
806:The Papers of Benjamin Franklin
325:that promotes knowledge in the
67:U.S. National Historic Landmark
3294:American Philosophical Society
3189:1776 Pennsylvania Constitution
3184:Staten Island Peace Conference
2141:La Salle University Art Museum
1979:American Philosophical Society
1653:American Philosophical Society
1618:American Philosophical Society
1263:American Philosophical Society
1221:American Philosophical Society
1191:American Philosophical Society
1119:New International Encyclopedia
1000:Benjamin Franklin Hall in 2013
889:Streets, immediately south of
794:The society has published the
623:members since its foundation.
311:American Philosophical Society
275:
1:
3392:Silence Dogood letters (1722)
3321:Philadelphia Contributionship
2981:European archaeological sites
2126:Institute of Contemporary Art
1659:Listing of Philosophical Hall
1324:indigenousguide.amphilsoc.org
1161:PENNWAYS: Roads to the Future
983:
552:Chesapeake and Delaware Canal
359:humanities and the sciences.
167:Show map of the United States
3996:Richard Bache Jr. (grandson)
3986:Benjamin F. Bache (grandson)
3629:The Apotheosis of Washington
3554:Franklin's phonetic alphabet
3512:"The Morals of Chess" (1786)
3405:The Busy-Body columns (1729)
3346:United States Postal Service
3172:Treaty of Amity and Commerce
2226:Rosenbach Museum and Library
2201:Philadelphia's Magic Gardens
2171:National Constitution Center
1410:, Cambridge, Massachusetts:
405:, the organization's founder
39:United States historic place
3981:William Franklin (grandson)
3701:Jefferson Memorial pediment
3622:Royal Society of Arts medal
3497:A Letter to a Royal Academy
3157:Declaration of Independence
3001:National Historic Landmarks
2191:Philadelphia History Museum
2116:Independence Seaport Museum
2089:Historic Strawberry Mansion
1075:September 28, 2018, at the
4146:
4036:Richard Bache (son-in-law)
4031:Peter Folger (grandfather)
3726:Washington–Franklin stamps
3691:Stanford University statue
3314:University of Pennsylvania
2196:Philadelphia Museum of Art
2069:Glen Foerd on the Delaware
2044:Fabric Workshop and Museum
2024:Eastern State Penitentiary
1651:(HABS) No. PA-1464, "
1564:
871:
559:American Revolutionary War
353:National Historic Landmark
29:
4100:Libraries in Philadelphia
4049:
3991:Louis F. Bache (grandson)
3860:(2002 documentary series)
3844:(1997 documentary series)
3743:Benjamin Franklin College
3590:Benjamin Franklin Parkway
3135:Hutchinson letters affair
3082:
3014:
2529:
2422:
2236:Science History Institute
2231:Ryerss Museum and Library
1989:Athenaeum of Philadelphia
1632:January 10, 2023, at the
1574:James, Edward T. (1971).
1561:General and cited sources
1130:Goodrich, Carter (1974).
1054:Duer, William Alexander.
612:Society of the Cincinnati
274:NRHP reference
95:
77:
73:
64:
55:
48:
44:
4016:James Franklin (brother)
4011:Josiah Franklin (father)
3681:Portland, Oregon, statue
3549:Franklin as a journalist
3518:An Address to the Public
3411:The Pennsylvania Gazette
3167:Franco-American alliance
3118:(1754 political cartoon)
2084:Hill–Physick–Keith House
2029:Ebenezer Maxwell Mansion
1155:Kozel, Scott M. (2010).
1094:Archives of American Art
478:Peter Stephen Du Ponceau
440:Early members included:
248:Architectural style
142:Show map of Pennsylvania
117:Show map of Philadelphia
4110:Museums in Philadelphia
4090:History of Philadelphia
3919:The New-England Courant
3716:One-hundred-dollar bill
3617:Benjamin Franklin Medal
3580:Benjamin Franklin House
3424:Poor Richard's Almanack
3331:Early American currency
3282:111th Infantry Regiment
3150:"...to be self-evident"
2176:National Liberty Museum
1012:Richardson Hall in 2013
776:Benjamin Franklin Medal
585:Elizabeth Cabot Agassiz
4115:Old City, Philadelphia
3971:Francis Franklin (son)
3966:William Franklin (son)
3913:American Enlightenment
3852:(2002 animated series)
3721:Franklin silver dollar
3696:Washington D.C. statue
3671:Columbus, Ohio, statue
3656:Revolutionary War Door
3542:Bagatelles and Satires
3536:(1771–1790, pub. 1791)
3476:Pennsylvania Chronicle
3361:Master, Les Neuf Sœurs
2503:Keeper of the Register
2064:Germantown White House
1946:Southwest Philadelphia
1936:Northwest Philadelphia
1924:Northeast Philadelphia
1472:Cite journal requires
1436:Philadelphia Preserved
932:Benjamin Franklin Hall
918:
864:
517:Alexander von Humboldt
406:
394:
386:
375:
3803:Ben Franklin in Paris
3706:Refunding Certificate
3304:Pennsylvania Hospital
3199:Treaty of Paris, 1783
2518:National Park Service
2498:Contributing property
2049:Fairmount Water Works
1565:Further information:
1524:June 4, 2013, at the
1042:National Park Service
912:
862:
411:Philosophical Society
400:
392:
381:
370:
214:39.94861°N 75.14944°W
3908:Age of Enlightenment
3834:A More Perfect Union
3711:Franklin half dollar
3686:San Francisco statue
3462:Birch letters (1755)
3123:Albany Plan of Union
1712:City of Philadelphia
1294:search.amphilsoc.org
651:Members (1743–2021)
632:Princeton University
610:Many members of the
521:Marquis de Lafayette
4021:Jane Mecom (sister)
3961:Deborah Read (wife)
3933:American Revolution
3926:The American Museum
3805:(1964 musical play)
3776:Ben Franklin effect
2266:Woodmere Art Museum
2206:Please Touch Museum
1365:10.1093/JHC/1.2.197
1134:. Greenwood Press.
1044:. January 23, 2007.
958:Edgar P. Richardson
636:Stanford University
321:founded in 1743 in
300:Designated NHL
219:39.94861; -75.14944
210: /
3884:(2022 documentary)
3786:In popular culture
3600:Franklin Institute
3326:Union Fire Company
3214:Postmaster General
3194:Libertas Americana
3177:Treaty of Alliance
2131:John Johnson House
2059:Franklin Institute
1941:South Philadelphia
1902:North Philadelphia
1809:Historic Landmarks
1528:on the APS website
1070:"Philip Syng, Jr."
919:
879:Philosophical Hall
874:Philosophical Hall
868:Philosophical Hall
865:
764:Magellanic Premium
638:, and 84 from the
628:Harvard University
589:John James Audubon
529:Tadeusz Kościuszko
462:Alexander Hamilton
407:
395:
387:
376:
341:Philosophical Hall
180:104 S. Fifth St.,
85:Philosophical Hall
4085:Benjamin Franklin
4067:
4066:
3892:(2024 miniseries)
3882:Benjamin Franklin
3876:(2015 miniseries)
3868:(2008 miniseries)
3858:Benjamin Franklin
3825:Benjamin Franklin
3758:State of Franklin
3468:The Way to Wealth
3145:Committee of Five
3076:Benjamin Franklin
3042:
3041:
2508:Historic district
2450:
2449:
2409:Philadelphia Mint
2376:Independence Hall
2109:Independence Hall
1994:Barnes Foundation
1951:West Philadelphia
1874:Police Department
1854:District Attorney
1804:Sites of interest
1593:978-0-674-62734-5
1434:Richard Webster,
1187:"Elected Members"
1141:978-0-8371-7773-1
833:U.S. constitution
755:
754:
563:Francis Hopkinson
533:Princess Dashkova
525:Baron von Steuben
474:David Rittenhouse
450:George Washington
442:Benjamin Franklin
423:Francis Hopkinson
415:Benjamin Franklin
403:Benjamin Franklin
372:Benjamin Franklin
345:Independence Hall
335:Benjamin Franklin
307:
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287:Significant dates
16:(Redirected from
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2371:Carpenters' Hall
2014:Civil War Museum
2009:Betsy Ross House
1999:Bartram's Garden
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1674:American Writers
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1611:Official website
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942:Italianate style
921:In 1789–90, the
818:Meriwether Lewis
772:cultural history
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498:Michael Hillegas
458:Thomas Jefferson
331:natural sciences
303:January 12, 1965
295:January 12, 1965
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3644:(1783 painting)
3641:Treaty of Paris
3558:
3387:Founders Online
3370:
3351:Street lighting
3267:Kite experiment
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3106:Founding of the
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2136:John Ruan House
2039:Elfreth's Alley
2004:Belmont Mansion
1955:
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1879:School district
1864:Fire Department
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3116:Join, or Die.
3113:
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3108:United States
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2166:Mütter Museum
2164:
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2079:Grumblethorpe
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1889:Neighborhoods
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1247:
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895:Federal style
892:
891:Old City Hall
888:
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854:
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822:William Clark
819:
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797:
789:
787:
785:
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780:Lashley Award
777:
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629:
624:
617:
615:
613:
608:
606:
605:Thomas Edison
602:
598:
597:Margaret Mead
594:
593:Linus Pauling
590:
586:
582:
581:Louis Pasteur
578:
574:
570:
568:
564:
560:
555:
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549:
545:
541:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
513:
511:
507:
503:
502:John Marshall
499:
495:
494:James Madison
491:
490:Benjamin Rush
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
466:James McHenry
463:
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292:Added to NRHP
290:
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272:
268:
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253:
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232:
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54:
47:
43:
37:
33:
19:
3925:
3917:
3889:
3881:
3873:
3865:
3857:
3849:
3841:
3833:
3827:(miniseries)
3824:
3810:
3802:
3797:(1953 short)
3794:
3769:
3731:other stamps
3647:
3639:
3628:
3627:Depicted in
3570:Bibliography
3541:
3533:
3525:
3517:
3504:
3496:
3483:
3475:
3467:
3454:
3446:
3423:
3410:
3397:
3293:
3230:other events
3162:Model Treaty
3115:
3005:Philadelphia
2928:Philadelphia
2892:Westmoreland
2822:Philadelphia
2397:
2386:Liberty Bell
2221:Rodin Museum
2054:Fort Mifflin
1978:
1869:Free Library
1849:City Council
1769:Demographics
1749:Bibliography
1744:Architecture
1672:
1577:
1539:
1533:
1519:"Directions"
1492:
1486:
1465:cite journal
1453:. Retrieved
1443:
1435:
1430:
1407:
1379:
1373:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1332:. Retrieved
1323:
1314:
1302:. Retrieved
1293:
1283:
1271:. Retrieved
1262:
1253:
1241:
1229:. Retrieved
1220:
1211:
1199:. Retrieved
1190:
1181:
1171:September 6,
1169:. Retrieved
1165:the original
1160:
1150:
1131:
1125:
1114:
1102:. Retrieved
1084:
1065:
1056:
1050:
1035:
1026:
954:Constance C.
951:
935:
927:
920:
915:Library Hall
905:Library Hall
877:
849:
840:
830:
814:William Penn
810:Joseph Henry
799:
795:
793:
790:Publications
784:neurobiology
761:
648:Institution
625:
621:
609:
577:Robert Frost
571:
556:
539:
537:
514:
510:John Andrews
470:Thomas Paine
439:
427:John Bartram
410:
408:
383:Library Hall
357:
339:
323:Philadelphia
314:
310:
308:
186:Pennsylvania
182:Philadelphia
89:Philadelphia
36:
3836:(1989 film)
3544:(pub. 1845)
3426:(1732–1758)
3413:(1729–1790)
3277:Associators
3228:Inventions,
3034:NRHP portal
2974:Other lists
2933:Center City
2857:Susquehanna
2807:Northampton
2345:Rittenhouse
2256:Penn Museum
2211:Powel House
2121:Insectarium
1929:River Wards
1912:Upper North
1907:Lower North
1897:Center City
1816:Skyscrapers
1506:, pp. 55–56
826:Jane Aitken
801:Proceedings
630:, 115 from
486:Owen Biddle
413:in 1743 by
217: /
193:Coordinates
4074:Categories
3866:John Adams
3795:Ben and Me
3341:Fugio cent
3289:Junto club
2918:Pittsburgh
2882:Washington
2837:Schuylkill
2797:Montgomery
2742:Lackawanna
2722:Huntingdon
2672:Cumberland
2652:Clearfield
2350:Washington
2271:Wyck House
2146:Lemon Hill
1831:Government
1549:0962290815
1502:0962290815
1421:0262700212
1389:0962290815
1246:James 1971
634:, 88 from
618:Membership
454:John Adams
327:humanities
265:.amphilsoc
202:39°56′55″N
3818:1972 film
3366:Gravesite
2958:Southwest
2948:Northwest
2943:Northeast
2923:Lancaster
2747:Lancaster
2732:Jefferson
2565:Armstrong
2560:Allegheny
1839:City Hall
1779:Education
1754:Companies
1412:MIT Press
1018:Citations
855:Buildings
768:astronomy
667:Princeton
238:Architect
205:75°8′58″W
4059:Category
3938:patriots
3928:magazine
3890:Franklin
3842:Liberty!
3770:Franklin
3375:Writings
3242:Bifocals
3024:Category
2852:Sullivan
2847:Somerset
2772:Lycoming
2752:Lawrence
2707:Franklin
2682:Delaware
2667:Crawford
2662:Columbia
2590:Bradford
2432:Category
2335:Franklin
2309:Phillies
2304:Freedoms
2019:Cliveden
1732:Timeline
1630:Archived
1522:Archived
1455:July 25,
1334:April 7,
1328:Archived
1304:April 7,
1298:Archived
1267:Archived
1225:Archived
1201:July 12,
1195:Archived
1104:June 17,
1098:Archived
1096:. 2011.
1073:Archived
883:Chestnut
697:Columbia
687:Berkeley
677:Stanford
546:and the
281:66000675
252:Georgian
177:Location
3901:Related
2995:covered
2991:Bridges
2897:Wyoming
2872:Venango
2802:Montour
2787:Mifflin
2767:Luzerne
2757:Lebanon
2737:Juniata
2727:Indiana
2697:Fayette
2677:Dauphin
2657:Clinton
2647:Clarion
2625:Chester
2610:Cameron
2605:Cambria
2575:Bedford
2359:Related
2323:Squares
2246:Stenton
1961:Museums
1859:Airport
1774:Economy
1764:Culture
1759:Cuisine
1727:History
1620:at the
1425:, p. 30
1273:May 26,
969:Gallery
917:in 2019
707:Chicago
657:Harvard
385:in 2024
374:in 1746
363:History
258:Website
3954:Family
3829:(1972)
3605:awards
3563:Legacy
3528:(1789)
3520:(1789)
3507:(1784)
3499:(1781)
3486:(1773)
3478:(1767)
3470:(1758)
3457:(1751)
3449:(1751)
3400:(1725)
2877:Warren
2842:Snyder
2832:Potter
2792:Monroe
2782:Mercer
2777:McKean
2762:Lehigh
2717:Greene
2712:Fulton
2702:Forest
2620:Centre
2615:Carbon
2600:Butler
2570:Beaver
2491:Topics
2442:Portal
2330:Centre
2299:Flyers
2294:Eagles
2281:Sports
1739:Accent
1720:Topics
1669:C-SPAN
1590:
1553:, p.64
1546:
1499:
1418:
1386:
1138:
887:Walnut
816:, and
778:, the
758:Awards
603:, and
550:. The
531:, and
519:, the
508:, and
188:, U.S.
3610:medal
2953:South
2938:North
2887:Wayne
2867:Union
2862:Tioga
2817:Perry
2640:South
2635:North
2595:Bucks
2585:Blair
2580:Berks
2555:Adams
2340:Logan
2314:Union
2289:76ers
1844:Mayor
1799:Riots
1789:Music
1784:Media
1667:from
1645:copy)
1393:p.160
435:Junto
230:Built
3811:1776
2963:West
2902:York
2827:Pike
2692:Erie
2630:East
1588:ISBN
1544:ISBN
1497:ISBN
1478:help
1457:2008
1416:ISBN
1384:ISBN
1336:2022
1306:2022
1275:2020
1233:2022
1203:2021
1173:2012
1136:ISBN
1106:2011
956:and
952:The
885:and
820:and
782:for
727:Yale
717:Penn
671:115
661:208
329:and
309:The
267:.org
233:1787
2687:Elk
2396:SS
1671:'s
1361:doi
751:53
747:NYU
741:57
737:MIT
731:59
721:64
711:68
701:73
691:84
681:88
347:in
315:APS
276:No.
263:www
4076::
1586:.
1584:26
1511:^
1469::
1467:}}
1463:{{
1414:,
1398:^
1355:.
1326:.
1322:.
1296:.
1292:.
1265:.
1261:.
1223:.
1219:.
1193:.
1189:.
1159:.
1092:.
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984:c.
838:.
824:.
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595:,
591:,
587:,
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1476:(
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1338:.
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1277:.
1235:.
1205:.
1175:.
1144:.
1108:.
313:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
