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1023:
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53:
457:; their black plumage stays visibly cleaner than that of a lighter-colored bird, the bare head is designed for easily digging inside animal carcasses, and the hooked beak is built for stripping the bodies clean of meat. The absence of head feathers helps the birds stay clean and remain (more or less) free of animal blood and bodily fluids, which could become problematic for the vultures and attract parasites; most vultures are known to bathe after eating, provided there is a water source. This water source can be natural or man-made, such as a stream or a livestock water tank.
1503:"Opinion 447. Rejection for nomenclatorial purposes of the original edition published at Philadelphia in 1791 and of the editions published in London and Dublin respectively in 1792 of the work by William Bartram entitled "Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, east and west Florida, the Cherokee country, the extensive territories of the Muscogulges or Creek confederacy, and the country of the Chactaws", as being a work in which the author did not apply the principles of binominal nomenclature"
570:
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81:
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941:. It prefers open land interspersed with areas of woods or brush. It is also found in moist lowland forests, shrublands and grasslands, wetlands and swamps, pastures, and heavily degraded former forests. Preferring lowlands, it is rarely seen in mountainous areas. It is usually seen soaring or perched on fence posts or dead trees.
871:, but rather are perforate; one can see through the beak from the side. The wings are broad but relatively short. The bases of the primary feathers are white, producing a white patch on the underside of the wing's edge, which is visible in flight. The tail is short and square, barely reaching past the edge of the folded wings.
1203:. It occasionally harasses cows giving birth, but primarily preys on newborn calves, lambs, and piglets. In its first few weeks, a calf will allow vultures to approach it. The vultures swarm the calf in a group and then peck at the calf's eyes, nose, or tongue. The calf then goes into shock and is killed by the vultures.
1254:. Like other birds with scavenging habits, the black vulture presents resistance to pathogenic microorganisms and their toxins. Many mechanisms may explain this resistance. Anti-microbial agents may be secreted by the liver or gastric epithelium, or produced by microorganisms of the normal microbiota of the species.
715:, known as the Pleistocene black vulture orâsomewhat in errorâthe "western black vulture", occurred across the present species' range. This bird did not differ much from the black vulture of today except in size; it was some 10â15% larger and had a relatively flatter and wider bill. It filled a similar
1114:
The black vulture lays its eggs on the ground in a wooded area, a hollow log, or some other cavity, seldom more than 3 m (10 ft) above the ground. While it generally does not use any nesting materials, it may decorate the area around the nest with bits of brightly colored plastic, shards of
1307:
in the United States, by the
Convention for the Protection of Migratory Birds in Canada, and by the Convention for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Game Mammals in Mexico. In the United States it is illegal to take, kill, or possess black vultures without a permit and violation of the law is
1157:
in natural settings. In areas populated by humans, it may scavenge at garbage dumps for refuse, offal, and other discarded edible waste, but also takes eggs, fruit (both ripe and rotting), fish, dung and ripe/decomposing plant material and can kill or injure newborn or incapacitated mammals. Like
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the eggs, which hatch after 28 to 41 days. Upon hatching, the young are covered with a buffy down, unlike turkey vulture chicks which are white. Both parents feed the nestlings, regurgitating food at the nest site. The young remain in the nest for two months, and after 75 to 80 days, they can fly
1110:
typically do not start until
November, for example, and those in Ecuador may wait until February. Pairs are formed following a courtship ritual which is performed on the ground: several males circle a female with their wings partially open as they strut and bob their heads. They sometimes perform
1119:
size is generally two eggs, though this can vary from one to three. The egg is oval and, on average, measures 7.56 cm Ă 5.09 cm (2.98 in Ă 2.00 in). The smooth, gray-green, bluish, or white shell is variably blotched or spotted with lavender or pale brown around the
961:
when approached or disturbed, which assists in predator deterrence and taking flight by decreasing its takeoff weight. Like all New World vultures, the black vulture often defecates on its legs, using the evaporation of the water in the feces and/or urine to cool itself, a process known as
1038:
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generally do not start before March. In South
America, Argentinian and Chilean birds begin egg-laying as early as September, while those further north on the continent typically wait until October. Some in South America breed even later than thatâblack vultures in
1045:
1043:
1040:
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The black vulture is considered a threat by cattle ranchers due to its predation on newborn cattle. The droppings produced by black vultures can harm or kill trees and other vegetation. As a defense, the vultures also âregurgitate a reeking and corrosive vomit."
1044:
766:
Fossil (or subfossil) black vultures cannot necessarily be attributed to the
Pleistocene or the recent species without further information: the same size variation found in the living bird was also present in its larger prehistoric relative. Thus, in 1968,
3852:
1042:
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Like the turkey vulture, this vulture is often seen standing in a spread-winged stance. The stance is believed to serve multiple functions: drying the wings, warming the body, and baking off bacteria. This same behavior is displayed by other
1061:
484:
are grunts or low hisses. It lays its eggs in caves, in cliffside rock crevasses, dead and hollow trees, or, in the absence of predators, on the bare ground, generally raising two chicks each year. The parents feed their young by
859:
measures 7â8.5 cm (2.8â3.3 in). Its plumage is mainly glossy black. The head and neck are featherless, and the skin is dark gray and wrinkled. The iris of the eye is brown and has a single incomplete row of
1065:
1064:
472:, or deer, rodents, rabbits, etc.), albeit very rarely. They will also opportunistically prey on extremely weakened, sick, elderly, or otherwise vulnerable animals. In areas populated by humans, it also scavenges at
1363:
has. While some of the glyphs clearly show the black vulture's open nostril and hooked beak, some are assumed to be this species because they are vulture-like but lack the king vulture's knob and are painted black.
790:
and the flatter and wider bills, and even then only with any certainty if the location where the fossils were found is known. As the
Pleistocene and current black vultures form an evolutionary continuum rather than
1066:
4607:
854:
were found to average 1.64 kg (3.6 lb). The extended wing bone measures 38.6â45 cm (15.2â17.7 in), the shortish tail measures 16â21 cm (6.3â8.3 in) and the relatively long
978:, the black vulture, like other New World vultures, has very few vocalization capabilities. It is generally silent, but can make hisses and grunts when agitated or while feeding. The black vulture is
1672:
Histoire naturelle des oiseaux : suivant la classification de M. Isidore
Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire; avec l'indication de leurs mĆurs et de leurs rapports avec les arts, le commerce et l'agriculture
1063:
1312:. Populations appear to remain stable, and it has not reached the threshold of inclusion as a threatened species, which requires a decline of more than 30% in ten years or three generations.
2235:
Ericson, Per G. P.; Irestedt, Martin; Zuccon, Dario; Larsson, Petter; Tison, Jean-Luc; Emslie, Steven D.; Götherström, Anders; Hume, Julian P.; Werdelin, Lars; Qu, Yanhua (August 23, 2022).
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The black vulture soars high while searching for food, holding its wings horizontally when gliding. It flaps in short bursts, followed by short periods of gliding. Its flight is less
666:, from Central and South America, in 1850 on the basis of smaller size and minor plumage differences. However, it has been established that the change between the three subspecies is
3479:
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The timing of black vultures' breeding season varies with the latitude at which they live. In the United States, birds in
Florida begin breeding as early as January, while those in
1041:
1332:
The bird can be a threat to the safety of aerial traffic, especially when it congregates in large numbers in the vicinity of garbage dumpsâas is the case in the Rio de
Janeiro
986:. The black vulture generally forages in groups; a flock of black vultures can easily drive a rival turkey vulture, which is generally solitary while foraging, from a carcass.
1162:
by disposing of carrion which would otherwise be a breeding ground for disease. The black vulture locates food either by sight or by following New World vultures of the genus
1359:. It is normally connected with either death or as a bird of prey. The vulture's glyph is often shown attacking humans. This species lacks the religious connections that the
528:
4996:
3205:
Gomez, Luis G.; Houston, David C.; Cotton, Peter; Tye, Alan (1994). "The role of greater yellow-headed vultures
Cathartes melambrotus as scavengers in neotropical forest".
2372:"CatĂĄlogo de los ejemplares tipo procedentes de la Cueva de San Josecito, Nuevo LeĂłn, MĂ©xico ("Catalogue of the type specimens from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo LeĂłn, Mexico")"
1287:
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1700:
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925:, Mexico, Central America, and most of South America. It is usually a permanent resident throughout its range, although birds at the extreme north of its range may
476:
sites and garbage dumps. It finds its meals by using its keen eyesight or following other (New World) vultures, which all possess a keen sense of smell. Lacking a
846:
ranges from 1.6 to 3 kg (3.5 to 6.6 lb) but in the smaller vultures of the tropical lowlands it is 1.18â1.94 kg (2.6â4.3 lb). 50 vultures in
731:
had evolved from the modern black vulture about 400,000 years ago and developed a larger and more robust body size when it colonized high-altitude environments.
4976:
4773:
648:(the earliest offshoot) to a lineage that gave rise to the turkey vulture and greater and lesser yellow-headed vultures, diverging around 12 million years ago.
434:). For ease of locating animal corpses (their primary source of sustenance), black vultures tend to inhabit relatively open areas with scattered trees, such as
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864:
on the upper lid and two rows on the lower lid. The legs are grayish-white, while the two front toes of the foot are long and have small webs at their bases.
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2174:
1992:
615:
has been listed as the author in the past, but he did not publish any official description. The genus name means "raven-vulture", from a contraction of the
3303:
2051:
2379:
1720:
2470:
1145:, a slightly smaller bird than the vulture, has preyed on adult black vultures, as well as the two eagles native to North America (north of Mexico).
1062:
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and roosts in large groups. In areas where their ranges overlap, the black vulture will roost on the bare branches of dead trees alongside groups of
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skillfully. Predation of black vultures is relatively unlikely, though eggs and nestlings are readily eaten if found by mammalian predators such as
4721:
1958:
1184:, a gas produced by the beginnings of decay in dead animals. Their heightened ability to detect odors allows them to search for carrion below the
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short distances and others across their range may undergo local movements in unfavourable conditions. In South
America, its range stretches to
685:
272:
3786:
3632:
2572:
2549:
1823:
449:
of 1.5 m (4.9 ft), the black vulture is an imposing bird, though relatively small for a vulture, let alone a raptor. It has black
3450:
786:. The southern birds were of the same size as present-day northern black vultures and can only be distinguished by their somewhat stouter
3535:
2351:
4682:
3646:
Estudo preliminar sobre a problemåtica das aves para a segurança do aeroporto internacional Tom Jobim e o aterro sanitårio de Gramacho
2770:
838:, measuring 56â74 cm (22â29 in) in length, with a 1.33â1.67 m (52â66 in) wingspan. Weight for black vultures from
453:, a featherless, grayish-black head and neck, and a short, hooked beak. These features are all evolutionary adaptations to life as a
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as the living form but fed on larger animals, and was previously thought to have evolved into it by decreasing in size during the
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1308:
punishable by a fine of up to US$ 15,000 and imprisonment of up to six months. It is listed as a species of Least Concern by the
493:, an additional digestive organ unique to birds, used for storing excess food; their âinfant formulaâ, of sorts, is thus called â
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4646:
3802:
1970:
1333:
689:
2831:
52:
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2836:
744:
688:(IOC). "American black vulture" is also commonly used, and in 2007 the South American Classification Committee (SACC) of the
612:
4726:
3657:
Preliminary study on the threat posed by birds in the Gramacho landfill to the safety of the Tom Jobim International Airport
4760:
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as its skin seemed to have a normal, dark color, and it was part of a flock of some twenty normally plumaged individuals.
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canopy. The black vulture is aggressive when feeding and may chase the slightly larger turkey vulture from carcasses.
540:
4843:
382:. Although a common and widespread species, it has a somewhat more restricted distribution than its compatriot, the
3346:
3344:
Coulson JO, Rondeau E, Caravaca M (March 2018). "Yellow-headed Caracara and Black Vulture Cleaning Baird's Tapir".
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1928:
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105:
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than that of other vultures, as the wings are not as long, forming a smaller wing area. In comparison with the
918:
827:
803:, which is further affirmed by phylogenetic studies indicating that it forms a clade within the South American
659:
3019:
1275:
4246:
1727:
1655:
1052:
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1137:. Due to its aggressiveness and size, few predators can threaten the fully-grown vulture. However, various
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645:
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200:
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527:"black vulture" or "carrion crow". Bartram's work has been rejected for nomenclatorĂal purposes by the
4923:
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569:
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4856:
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4402:
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651:
255:
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2199:
2145:
2086:
2017:
950:
760:
584:
306:
100:
35:
4830:
3600:"Feces from a giant kettle of vultures is disrupting CBP communications on the US-Mexico border"
3454:
3413:"Dominant culturable bacterial microbiota in the digestive tract of the American black vulture (
3184:
670:(that is, there is no division between the subspecies), and hence they are no longer recognised.
4713:
2960:
2495:
2237:"A 14,000-year-old genome sheds light on the evolution and extinction of a Pleistocene vulture"
4812:
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Opinions and Declarations Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
4817:
4336:
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477:
391:
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3130:
Stolen, E. D. (1996). "Black and turkey vulture interactions with bald eagles in Florida".
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only allows this in the case of animals which are injured or unable to return to the wild.
4799:
4256:
4166:
4157:
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3111:
2175:"New Information on the Late Pleistocene Birds from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico"
1899:). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.).
1093:
890:
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514:
395:
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2763:"Observations of plumage pigment aberrations of birds in Ecuador, including Ramphastidae"
2414:
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Steadman, David W; Arroyo-Cabrales, Joaquin; Johnson, Eileen; Guzman, A. Fabiola (1994).
3670:
1413:
289:
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926:
776:
490:
431:
383:
157:
673:
641:) in their third edition. By their fourth edition, they had adopted the current name.
406:. Despite the similar name and appearance, this species is not closely related to the
17:
4940:
4734:
4082:
4073:
3183:
Buckley, Neil J.; Kluever, Bryan M.; Driver, Robert; Rush, Scott A. (March 3, 2024).
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90:
85:
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1962:
1560:
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1502:
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4023:
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1963:"Proposal (259) to South American Classification Committee: Change English name of
1624:
1591:
1360:
1352:
1206:
Black vultures have sometimes been observed removing and eating ticks from resting
868:
740:
558:, which means "tearer" and is a reference to its feeding habits. The species name,
415:
4869:
4612:
4599:
957:, the black vulture flaps its wings more frequently during flight. It is known to
4651:
4586:
3785:
3083:
3046:
2990:
2925:
2798:
2672:
1819:"Multi-locus phylogenetic inference among New World Vultures (Aves: Cathartidae)"
539:
formally described the species using the same name in 1793 in his translation of
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4747:
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1837:
1818:
1784:
1687:
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403:
298:
3659:), FGV Environmental Management course monograph, (in Portuguese). resol.com.br
3109:
Coleman, J. S.; Fraser, J.D. (1986). "Predation on black and turkey vultures".
2254:
1801:
4864:
4448:
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2432:
2415:"The fossil avifauna of the tar seeps Las Breas de San Felipe, Matanzas, Cuba"
2052:"Ecomorphological Indicators of Feeding Behavior in Recent and Fossil Raptors"
1556:
1490:. London: printed by James and Johnson; Reprinted for J. Johnson. p. 285.
1267:
4497:
2440:
2262:
1932:
1817:
Johnson, Jeff A.; Brown, Joseph W.; Fuchs, Jerome; Mindell, David P. (2016).
1111:
courtship flights, diving or chasing each other over their chosen nest site.
3953:
1908:
1895:
Houston, D., Kirwan, G.M. & Boesman, P. (2017). American Black Vulture (
1383:
1192:
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1159:
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851:
835:
736:
574:
494:
454:
435:
117:
2448:
2280:
1846:
2628:
Fisher, Harvey L. (February 1942). "The Pterylosis of the Andean Condor".
2296:"Bird Remains from a Prehistoric Cave Deposit in Grant County, New Mexico"
2121:"Bird Remains from a Prehistoric Cave Deposit in Grant County, New Mexico"
2081:
4890:
4804:
4491:
3917:
2496:
Black Vulture, Life History, All About Birds â Cornell Lab of Ornithology
1379:
1207:
1107:
906:
882:
497:â. In the United States, the vulture receives legal protection under the
473:
446:
439:
177:
137:
3829:
3805:
was created from a revision of this article dated 11 June 2008
3359:
1487:
Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida
4910:
4664:
4545:
4114:
3899:
2651:
2419:
2324:
2203:
2149:
2090:
2021:
1235:
1223:
1154:
1126:
886:
861:
461:
450:
438:, in addition to subtropical forested areas and parts of the Brazilian
375:
367:
2345:
Howard, Hildegarde (1968). "Limb measurements of the extinct vulture,
3911:
2537:
1620:
1587:
Dictionary of Birds of the United States: Scientific and Common Names
1251:
1247:
1239:
1200:
1185:
894:
752:
469:
387:
127:
4700:
4468:
3534:
Milleson, Michael P.; Stephanie P. Shwiff; Michael L. Avery (2006).
2643:
2316:
2195:
2141:
2072:
2013:
850:
were found to average 2.15 kg (4.7 lb) while 119 birds in
4625:
692:
unsuccessfully proposed it to be the official name of the species.
297:
Approximate range of the black vulture (note: range throughout the
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1243:
1231:
1219:
1138:
1130:
1092:
1081:
999:
934:
847:
843:
821:
672:
568:
551:
419:
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family whose range extends from the southeastern United States to
4638:
3644:
Netzel, Christian and de SĂĄ, Marcello Espinola ParaguassĂș (2004)
937:
and Uruguay. It also is found as a vagrant on the islands of the
4207:
3923:
3864:
Live Streaming 24/7 Video of 2013 Nesting Pair of black vultures
1912:
1372:
1368:
1227:
1196:
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930:
810:
An additional fossil species from the Late Pleistocene of Cuba,
796:
727:
to be nested within the South American clade of black vultures;
423:
359:
147:
4472:
4437:
4108:
3936:
3872:
3859:
Photography showing the skeletal structure of the black vulture
3735:. Bird Stamps. Archived from the original on November 17, 2000
3687:"Drowning in rubbish, Lima sends out the vultures with GoPros"
1933:"New World vultures, Secretarybird, kites, hawks & eagles"
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1134:
775:
as opposed to the birds from locations farther north (such as
748:
468:, small reptiles, or small newborn animals (livestock such as
1199:. It is the only species of New World vulture which preys on
1072:
C. a. sunbathing in the morning and eating carrion, in Brazil
684:"Black vulture" has been designated the official name by the
3783:
3536:"Vulture-Cattle Interactions â A Survey of Florida Ranchers"
1789:(3rd ed.). American Ornithologists' Union. p. 152.
3868:
1806:(4th ed.). American Ornithologists' Union. p. 61.
3048:
Raptors of North America: Natural History and Conservation
893:
and tail and some black undertail feathers. It was not an
3308:) remove debris, ticks, and peck at sores of capybaras (
2600:
The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of North American Birds
795:
into two or more lineages, some include the Pleistocene
3417:
Bechstein 1793) and search for antagonistic substances"
2955:
Birds of North America: A Guide to Field Identification
1339:
The black vulture can be held in captivity, though the
3575:. AgNIC Wildlife Damage Management Web. Archived from
3279:. AgNIC Wildlife Damage Management Web. Archived from
3669:
Tozzer, Alfred Marston; Glover Morrill Allen (1910).
3312:), with an overview of tick-removing birds in Brazil"
889:
in 2005. It had white plumage overall, with only the
531:
as the author did not consistently use the system of
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4400:
4375:
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4325:
4300:
4205:
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4046:
4021:
3996:
3951:
2567:by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (2008),
1367:Black vultures are an important cultural symbol in
529:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
3451:"Birds Protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act"
3045:
2952:
2370:Arroyo-Cabrales, Joaquin; Johnson, Eileen (2003).
2352:Papers of the Archaeological Society of New Mexico
1861:
1378:This vulture has appeared on two stamps: those of
1158:other vultures, it plays an important role in the
3545:. University of California, Davis. Archived from
2992:Wildlife of Virginia and Maryland Washington D.C.
1864:Birds of Mexico: A Guide for Field Identification
1437:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22697624A93624950.en
3453:. US Fish & Wildlife Service. Archived from
2771:BoletĂn de la Sociedad Antioqueña de OrnitologĂa
1303:It receives special legal protections under the
966:. It cools the blood vessels in the unfeathered
3185:"Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus), version 2.0"
2736:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p.
1651:Analyse d'une nouvelle ornithologie élémentaire
1511:International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature
4987:Native birds of the Southeastern United States
3830:Citizen science observations for Black vulture
3044:Snyder, Noel F. R. & Helen Snyder (2006).
2677:. Houghton Mifflin Field Guides. p. 182.
2565:CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses, 2nd Edition
1534:Johann Lathams allgemeine Uebersicht der Vögel
460:The black vulture is a scavenger and feeds on
3884:
3014:
3012:
1752:Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1980).
1293:Six vultures on a wild hog carcass in Florida
1191:The black vulture also occasionally feeds on
1141:may kill vultures in conflicts, and even the
8:
3543:Proceedings, 22nd Vertebrate Pest Conference
1701:Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club
517:wrote of the black vulture in his 1791 book
3474:
3472:
3240:. Cambridge University Press. p. 350.
2951:Robbins, C. S.; Bruun, B; Zim, H S (2001).
2919:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2663:
2661:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2168:
2166:
1115:glass, or metal items such as bottle caps.
739:bone of the extinct species was found in a
637:initially before adopting Vieillot's name (
562:, means "clothed in black", from the Latin
4469:
4434:
4127:
4105:
3948:
3933:
3891:
3877:
3869:
3503:
3501:
3077:
3075:
3073:
2761:Hosner, Peter A; Lebbin, Daniel J (2006).
1923:
1921:
1351:The black vulture appears in a variety of
1226:on nesting colonies, and feed on domestic
711:, a prehistoric species of black vulture,
288:
79:
51:
42:
3434:
3262:"Black Vulture | the Peregrine Fund"
3200:
3198:
3039:
3037:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2803:. Cornell University Press. p. 138.
2589:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2270:
2080:
1836:
1435:
1218:). These vultures are known to kill baby
658:, the Andean black vulture, in 1817, and
4982:Least concern biota of the United States
3813:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
3796:
3625:Aves e PĂĄssaros Comuns do Rio de Janeiro
2832:Natural History of the Chihuahuan Desert
2733:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Zoology
1901:Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive
1319:
4997:Taxa named by Johann MatthÀus Bechstein
4688:american-black-vulture-coragyps-atratus
2380:Revista Mexicana de Ciencias GeolĂłgicas
1959:South American Classification Committee
1868:. University of Chicago Press. p.
1800:American Ornithologists' Union (1931).
1783:American Ornithologists' Union (1910).
1755:Greek-English Lexicon, Abridged Edition
1394:
1256:
1004:
974:to streak the legs. Because it lacks a
3746:
3304:"Unexpected cleaners: black vultures (
2930:. Houghton Mifflin Field. p. 33.
2856:Buckley, N. J. (1999). Black Vulture (
2797:Bull, John L; Levine, Emanuel (1998).
2709:. Yale University Press. p. 116.
1993:"The skulls of the Cathartid vultures"
1891:
1889:
723:. However, a 2022 genetic study found
3623:Pereira, José Felipe Monteiro (2008)
3598:Rohrlich, Justin (January 10, 2020).
3411:Carvalho, L. R.; et al. (2003).
2927:A Field Guide to Western Birds' Nests
2230:
2228:
1939:. International Ornithologists' Union
1824:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1559:; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979).
913:distribution. Its range includes the
30:For the Old World black vulture, see
7:
4977:Least concern biota of North America
3156:(American Black Vulture or Corbeau)"
1758:. Oxford University Press. pp.
834:The black vulture is a fairly large
34:. For the Indian black vulture, see
4947:IUCN Red List least concern species
3627:, Rio de Janeiro, Technical Books,
3480:"Game and Wild Birds: Preservation"
1423:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
735:may have interacted with humans; a
686:International Ornithologists' Union
480:âthe vocal organ of birdsâits only
270:
253:
236:
3672:Animal Figures in the Maya Codices
3234:Muller-Schwarze, Dietland (2006).
3221:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1994.tb01084.x
3022:. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. 2003
2868:(A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The
1803:Check-list of North American birds
1786:Check-list of North American birds
1537:(in German). Vol. 1, Part 2.
1465:. State of Indiana. August 4, 2022
1180:âforage by detecting the scent of
917:, the southernmost regions of the
867:The nostrils are not divided by a
25:
3571:Paulik, Laurie (August 6, 2007).
3422:Brazilian Journal of Microbiology
3275:Paulik, Laurie (August 6, 2007).
2706:The Origin and Evolution of Birds
1509:. Vol. 15, Part 12. London:
1305:Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918
1168:to carcasses. These vulturesâthe
499:Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918
418:(which includes raptors like the
3795:
3020:"All About Birds: Black Vulture"
2889:A Guide to the Birds of Colombia
2413:SuĂĄrez, William (May 22, 2020).
1562:Check-List of Birds of the World
1286:
1274:
1259:
1059:
1036:
1021:
1007:
573:Black vulture pair feeding on a
501:. This vulture also appeared in
104:
4972:Birds of the Rio Grande valleys
3436:10.1590/S1517-83822003000300007
3237:Chemical Ecology of Vertebrates
3088:. Reader's Digest. p. 11.
2603:. New York, NY: Knopf. p.
1971:American Ornithological Society
1931:; Donsker, David, eds. (2017).
1648:Vieillot, Louis-Pierre (1816).
1334:Tom Jobim International Airport
771:separated the Mexican birds as
690:American Ornithological Society
626:/ÎłáœșÏ for the respective birds.
3840:"American black vulture media"
2995:Stackpole Books. p. 172.
2959:. St. Martin's Press. p.
2837:University of Texas at El Paso
2800:Bull's Birds of New York State
2674:A Field Guide to Western Birds
1686:Gregory, Steven M. S. (1998).
1565:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.).
1501:Hemming, Francis, ed. (1957).
1153:The black vulture eats mainly
631:American Ornithologists' Union
613:Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
550:"vulture" is derived from the
1:
4962:Birds of prey of the Americas
3983:Greater yellow-headed vulture
3082:Reader's Digest, ed. (2005).
2526:; Christie, David A. (2001).
2473:. Enature.com. Archived from
1913:http://www.hbw.com/node/52943
1584:Holloway, Joel Ellis (2003).
1571:Museum of Comparative Zoology
1178:greater yellow-headed vulture
595:in 1816, listing as its type
3973:Lesser yellow-headed vulture
3855:at VIREO (Drexel University)
3326:(1): 417â426. Archived from
3085:Book Of North American Birds
2870:Birds of North America, Inc.
1967:to "American Black Vulture""
1721:"Moving Beyond Common Names"
1174:lesser yellow-headed vulture
603:placed in its current genus
280:South American black vulture
246:North American black vulture
3853:Black vulture photo gallery
3509:"Migratory Bird Treaty Act"
2542:Christopher Helm Publishers
2119:Howard, Hildegarde (1962).
1937:World Bird List Version 7.1
1838:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.08.025
1669:Le Maout, Emmanuel (1853),
1463:State of Indiana Government
970:and feet, and causes white
591:Vieillot defined the genus
544:A General Synopsis of Birds
535:. The German ornithologist
5013:
3347:Journal of Raptor Research
3052:. Voyageur Press. p.
2894:Princeton University Press
2886:Hilty, Stephen L. (1977).
2862:The Birds of North America
2703:Feduccia, J. Alan (1999).
2534:Helm Identification Guides
2387:(1): 79â93. Archived from
2255:10.1038/s42003-022-03811-0
1860:Blake, Emmet Reid (1953).
1617:Cassell's Latin Dictionary
1529:Bechstein, Johann MatthÀus
1484:Bartram, William (1792) .
1281:A flock on a horse carcass
29:
4444:
4433:
4126:
4104:
3947:
3932:
3906:
3753:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3310:Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris
2924:Harrison, Hal H. (1979).
2433:10.11646/zootaxa.4780.1.1
1991:Fisher, Harvey L (1944).
1688:"The correct citation of
1543:A.C. Schneider and Weigel
1341:Migratory Bird Treaty Act
1120:larger end. Both parents
814:, was described in 2020.
779:), which constituted the
773:C. occidentalis mexicanus
537:Johann MatthÀus Bechstein
402:, which is in the family
390:and all the way south to
386:, which breeds well into
312:
305:
296:
287:
230:
225:
206:
199:
101:Scientific classification
99:
77:
68:
59:
50:
45:
3845:Internet Bird Collection
3277:"Vultures and Livestock"
3133:Florida Field Naturalist
2989:Fergus, Charles (2003).
2730:Allaby, Michael (1992).
1567:Cambridge, Massachusetts
1430:: e.T22697624A93624950.
1316:Relationship with humans
919:Midwestern United States
905:The black vulture has a
901:Distribution and habitat
828:Hueston Woods State Park
696:Evolutionary history of
660:Charles Lucien Bonaparte
513:The American naturalist
4957:Birds described in 1793
4416:Trigonoceps occipitalis
4062:Gymnogyps californianus
2427:(1): zootaxa.4780.1.1.
1675:, L. Curmer, p. 66
1238:, other small mammals,
1053:Soberania National Park
1051:A pair from Panama, in
879:C. atratus brasiliensis
4967:Birds of the Caribbean
4277:Slender-billed vulture
3791:
3771:Listen to this article
2242:Communications Biology
2050:Hertel, Fritz (1995).
1615:Simpson, D.P. (1979).
1410:BirdLife International
1325:
1098:
1090:
923:southern United States
831:
681:
588:
408:Eurasian black vulture
340:American black vulture
18:American black vulture
4826:Paleobiology Database
4454:Indian vulture crisis
4341:Neophron percnopterus
4196:Gypohierax angolensis
3987:Cathartes melambrotus
3977:Cathartes burrovianus
3790:
3675:. Harvard University.
3651:June 8, 2021, at the
3333:on November 14, 2010.
3302:Sazima, Ivan (2007).
2347:Coragyps occidentalis
2294:Miller, Loye (1957).
1915:on October 21, 2017).
1324:On a sign in Florida.
1323:
1096:
1085:
825:
676:
644:The black vulture is
577:head. Plate 106 from
572:
533:binomial nomenclature
338:), also known as the
4412:White-headed vulture
4387:Lappet-faced vulture
4316:Necrosyrtes monachus
4237:White-backed vulture
4217:White-rumped vulture
3822:More spoken articles
3552:on December 10, 2015
3515:. Cornell Law School
3486:. Cornell Law School
2669:Peterson, Roger Tory
2529:Raptors of the World
2524:Ferguson-Lees, James
2213:on November 29, 2014
2031:on November 17, 2015
1545:. p. 655, Note.
945:Ecology and behavior
826:Adult and juvenile,
599:. French naturalist
580:The Birds of America
464:, but will also eat
263:Andean black vulture
4391:Torgos tracheliotos
3457:on October 10, 2007
3391:Animaldiversity.org
3360:10.3356/JRR-16-90.1
3320:Rev. Bras. Ornitol.
2498:. allaboutbirds.org
1513:. pp. 211â224.
915:mid-Atlantic States
781:nominate subspecies
652:Martin Lichtenstein
71:Conservation status
4992:New World vultures
4362:Red-headed vulture
4119:Old World vultures
3940:New World vultures
3792:
3579:on August 10, 2007
3513:US Code Collection
3484:US Code Collection
3189:Birds of the World
1911:. (retrieved from
1692:(Cathartinae) and
1347:In popular culture
1326:
1099:
1091:
1029:C. a. brasiliensis
1015:C. a. brasiliensis
996:Old World vultures
992:New World vultures
832:
784:C. o. occidentalis
761:The Dalles, Oregon
682:
664:C. a. brasiliensis
589:
396:only extant member
268:C. a. brasiliensis
61:C. a. brasiliensis
36:Red-headed vulture
4934:
4933:
4813:Open Tree of Life
4475:Taxon identifiers
4466:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4281:Gyps tenuirostris
4247:RĂŒppell's vulture
4231:Gyps himalayensis
4227:Himalayan vulture
4171:Gypaetus barbatus
4146:Aegypius monachus
4142:Cinereous vulture
4100:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4058:California condor
4037:Sarcoramphus papa
3788:
3633:978-85-61368-00-5
3283:on August 8, 2007
2573:978-1-4200-6444-5
2551:978-0-618-12762-7
2100:on March 20, 2014
1658:. pp. 21â22.
1355:hieroglyphics in
1299:Legal protections
1143:ornate hawk-eagle
1067:
1046:
1031:, Copan, Honduras
769:Hildegarde Howard
747:(9000â8000 years
635:Catharista atrata
601:Emmanuel Le Maout
520:Bartram's Travels
412:Old World vulture
364:New World vulture
326:
325:
321:
281:
277:
264:
260:
247:
243:
94:
64:Peten, Guatemala
32:Cinereous vulture
27:New World vulture
16:(Redirected from
5004:
4927:
4926:
4914:
4913:
4901:
4900:
4899:
4873:
4872:
4870:Coragyps-atratus
4860:
4859:
4847:
4846:
4834:
4833:
4821:
4820:
4808:
4807:
4795:
4794:
4782:
4781:
4769:
4768:
4766:NHMSYS0001689455
4756:
4755:
4743:
4742:
4730:
4729:
4717:
4716:
4704:
4703:
4691:
4690:
4678:
4677:
4668:
4667:
4655:
4654:
4642:
4641:
4629:
4628:
4616:
4615:
4613:coragyps-atratus
4603:
4602:
4590:
4589:
4580:
4579:
4567:
4566:
4554:
4553:
4551:4FF7DE80F4192276
4541:
4540:
4538:Coragyps_atratus
4528:
4527:
4517:
4516:
4515:
4513:Coragyps atratus
4502:
4501:
4500:
4483:Coragyps atratus
4470:
4435:
4366:Sarcogyps calvus
4337:Egyptian vulture
4221:Gyps bengalensis
4192:Palm-nut vulture
4128:
4106:
4012:Coragyps atratus
3949:
3934:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3870:
3849:
3812:
3810:
3799:
3798:
3789:
3779:
3777:
3772:
3759:
3758:
3752:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3666:
3660:
3642:
3636:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3551:
3540:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3505:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3476:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3415:Coragyps atratus
3408:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3387:(black vulture)"
3385:Coragyps atratus
3378:
3372:
3371:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3316:
3306:Coragyps atratus
3299:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3202:
3193:
3192:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3160:
3154:Coragyps atratus
3148:
3142:
3141:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3079:
3068:
3067:
3051:
3041:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3016:
3007:
3006:
2986:
2975:
2974:
2958:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2921:
2908:
2907:
2883:
2877:
2858:Coragyps atratus
2854:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2767:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2700:
2689:
2688:
2665:
2656:
2655:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2591:
2576:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2520:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2477:on March 4, 2016
2467:
2461:
2460:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2394:on July 17, 2011
2393:
2376:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2300:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2274:
2232:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2212:
2206:. Archived from
2179:
2170:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2125:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2099:
2093:. Archived from
2084:
2056:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2030:
2024:. Archived from
1997:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1965:Coragyps atratus
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1925:
1916:
1897:Coragyps atratus
1893:
1884:
1883:
1867:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1840:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1732:
1726:. Archived from
1725:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1627:pp. 63â64.
1619:(5th ed.).
1612:
1606:
1605:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1459:"Turkey vulture"
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1439:
1416:Coragyps atratus
1406:
1290:
1278:
1263:
1088:Museum Wiesbaden
1086:Egg, Collection
1069:
1068:
1048:
1047:
1025:
1011:
881:was observed in
757:Five Mile Rapids
717:ecological niche
709:Late Pleistocene
639:Catharista urubu
414:, of the family
392:Tierra del Fuego
335:Coragyps atratus
317:
292:
279:
275:
262:
258:
245:
241:
212:
210:Coragyps atratus
109:
108:
88:
83:
82:
55:
43:
21:
5012:
5011:
5007:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5002:
5001:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4930:
4922:
4917:
4909:
4904:
4895:
4894:
4889:
4876:
4868:
4863:
4855:
4850:
4842:
4837:
4829:
4824:
4816:
4811:
4803:
4800:Observation.org
4798:
4790:
4785:
4777:
4772:
4764:
4759:
4751:
4746:
4738:
4733:
4725:
4720:
4712:
4707:
4699:
4694:
4686:
4681:
4673:
4671:
4663:
4658:
4650:
4645:
4637:
4632:
4624:
4619:
4611:
4606:
4598:
4593:
4585:
4583:
4575:
4570:
4562:
4557:
4549:
4544:
4536:
4531:
4525:
4520:
4511:
4510:
4505:
4496:
4495:
4490:
4477:
4467:
4458:
4440:
4421:
4396:
4371:
4346:
4321:
4296:
4291:Gyps coprothere
4257:Griffon vulture
4251:Gyps rueppellii
4201:
4176:
4167:Bearded vulture
4151:
4122:
4092:
4067:
4042:
4017:
3992:
3943:
3928:
3902:
3897:
3838:
3826:
3825:
3814:
3808:
3806:
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3733:"Black Vulture"
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2544:. p. 305.
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1182:ethyl mercaptan
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984:turkey vultures
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788:tarsometatarsus
733:C. occidentalis
729:C. occidentalis
725:C. occidentalis
713:C. occidentalis
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678:C. occidentalis
515:William Bartram
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344:Mexican vulture
319:Bechstein, 1793
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2008:(6): 272â296.
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1733:on May 4, 2005
1719:Ietaka, Taro.
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777:Rancho La Brea
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633:used the name
525:Vultur atratus
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3938:Cathartidae (
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3247:0-521-36377-2
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3063:0-7603-2582-0
3059:
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2842:September 13,
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2747:0-19-286093-3
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2716:0-226-05641-4
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2614:0-394-46651-9
2610:
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2596:
2595:Terres, J. K.
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1905:Lynx Edicions
1902:
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1881:
1879:0-226-05641-4
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1771:
1769:0-19-910207-4
1765:
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1707:
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1702:
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1695:
1691:
1682:
1679:
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1673:
1665:
1662:
1657:
1654:(in French).
1653:
1652:
1644:
1641:
1636:
1634:0-304-52257-0
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1611:
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1603:
1601:0-88192-600-0
1597:
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1411:
1405:
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1401:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1357:Mayan codices
1354:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1337:
1335:
1330:
1322:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1310:IUCN Red List
1306:
1298:
1289:
1284:
1277:
1272:
1269:
1266:Feeding on a
1262:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1212:Baird's tapir
1209:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1161:
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1089:
1084:
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1057:
1054:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1010:
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1003:
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993:
987:
985:
981:
977:
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969:
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952:
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942:
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936:
932:
928:
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920:
916:
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900:
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865:
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840:North America
837:
829:
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806:
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794:
789:
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742:
738:
734:
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714:
710:
706:
699:
695:
693:
691:
687:
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669:
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657:
656:C. a. foetens
653:
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647:
642:
640:
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627:
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621:
618:
614:
610:
606:
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594:
586:
585:J. J. Audubon
582:
581:
576:
571:
567:
566:'dull black'.
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
542:
541:John Latham's
538:
534:
530:
526:
523:, calling it
522:
521:
516:
508:
506:
504:
503:Mayan codices
500:
496:
492:
488:
487:regurgitation
483:
482:vocalizations
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
458:
456:
452:
448:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
398:of the genus
397:
394:. It is the
393:
389:
385:
381:
380:South America
377:
373:
372:Central Chile
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
336:
331:
330:black vulture
322:
320:
316:
311:
308:
304:
300:
295:
291:
286:
274:
269:
266:
257:
252:
251:C. a. foetens
249:
240:
235:
234:C. a. atratus
232:
231:
229:
224:
219:
213:
211:
205:
202:
201:Binomial name
198:
194:
193:
188:
185:
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181:
180:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
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149:
146:
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139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
107:
102:
98:
92:
87:
86:Least Concern
76:
72:
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62:
58:
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49:
44:
41:
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4376:
4365:
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4340:
4326:
4315:
4301:
4290:
4287:Cape vulture
4280:
4271:Gyps indicus
4270:
4260:
4250:
4240:
4230:
4220:
4206:
4195:
4181:
4170:
4156:
4145:
4131:
4086:
4072:
4061:
4047:
4036:
4033:King vulture
4024:Sarcoramphus
4022:
4011:
4007:
3998:
3997:
3986:
3976:
3966:
3952:
3843:
3737:. Retrieved
3727:
3715:. Retrieved
3706:
3694:. Retrieved
3691:The Guardian
3690:
3681:
3671:
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3624:
3619:
3607:. Retrieved
3603:
3593:
3581:. Retrieved
3577:the original
3566:
3554:. Retrieved
3547:the original
3542:
3529:
3517:. Retrieved
3512:
3488:. Retrieved
3483:
3459:. Retrieved
3455:the original
3445:
3426:
3420:
3414:
3406:
3394:. Retrieved
3390:
3384:
3376:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3328:the original
3323:
3318:
3309:
3305:
3297:
3285:. Retrieved
3281:the original
3270:
3256:
3236:
3229:
3212:
3206:
3188:
3178:
3166:. Retrieved
3162:
3153:
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3125:
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3110:
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3084:
3047:
3024:. Retrieved
2991:
2954:
2946:
2926:
2888:
2881:
2874:Philadelphia
2865:
2861:
2857:
2852:
2840:. Retrieved
2829:
2819:
2799:
2792:
2780:. Retrieved
2775:
2769:
2756:
2732:
2725:
2705:
2673:
2638:(1): 30â32.
2635:
2629:
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2528:
2491:
2479:. Retrieved
2475:the original
2465:
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2389:the original
2384:
2378:
2365:
2356:
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2346:
2340:
2328:. Retrieved
2311:(1): 59â63.
2308:
2302:
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2215:. Retrieved
2208:the original
2187:
2181:
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2133:
2127:
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2102:. Retrieved
2095:the original
2064:
2058:
2045:
2033:. Retrieved
2026:the original
2005:
1999:
1986:
1974:. Retrieved
1964:
1953:
1941:. Retrieved
1936:
1900:
1896:
1863:
1855:
1828:
1822:
1812:
1802:
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1785:
1778:
1754:
1747:
1735:. Retrieved
1728:the original
1714:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1689:
1681:
1671:
1664:
1650:
1643:
1625:Cassell Ltd.
1616:
1610:
1592:Timber Press
1586:
1579:
1561:
1551:
1533:
1525:Latham, John
1519:
1506:
1496:
1486:
1479:
1467:. Retrieved
1462:
1453:
1443:November 19,
1441:. Retrieved
1427:
1421:
1415:
1382:in 1990 and
1377:
1366:
1361:king vulture
1350:
1338:
1331:
1327:
1302:
1215:
1205:
1190:
1163:
1152:
1113:
1100:
1028:
1014:
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948:
904:
878:
873:
866:
833:
811:
809:
804:
800:
783:
772:
765:
741:Paleo-Indian
732:
728:
724:
721:last ice age
712:
702:
697:
683:
677:
663:
655:
650:
643:
638:
634:
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623:
619:
608:
604:
596:
592:
590:
578:
563:
559:
555:
543:
524:
518:
512:
459:
444:
416:Accipitridae
399:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
334:
333:
329:
327:
318:
314:
313:
267:
256:Lichtenstein
250:
233:
209:
207:
191:
190:
178:
60:
40:
4952:Cathartidae
4787:Neotropical
4748:NatureServe
4696:iNaturalist
4507:Wikispecies
4403:Trigonoceps
4303:Necrosyrtes
4261:Gyps fulvus
3834:iNaturalist
3739:January 11,
3609:January 10,
3583:October 15,
3556:December 9,
3519:October 14,
3490:October 29,
3461:October 14,
3287:October 15,
3163:Sta.uwi.edu
3026:November 4,
2782:November 3,
2398:November 3,
2330:November 3,
2217:November 3,
2155:November 3,
2104:November 3,
2035:November 3,
1976:October 22,
1943:October 22,
1929:Gill, Frank
1831:: 193â199.
1737:November 5,
1696:(Otididae)"
1557:Mayr, Ernst
964:urohidrosis
959:regurgitate
818:Description
812:C. seductus
622:/ÎșÏÏαΟ and
611:) in 1853.
548:common name
489:from their
404:Cathartidae
299:West Indies
276:, 1850
259:, 1817
242:, 1793
226:Subspecies
168:Cathartidae
4941:Categories
4897:Q107055472
4865:Xeno-canto
4449:Diclofenac
4183:Gypohierax
4111:Aegypiinae
3818:Audio help
3809:2008-06-11
3573:"Vultures"
3119:: 600â601.
2778:(1): 30â42
2359:: 115â127.
2249:(1): 857.
1656:Deterville
1390:References
1268:wood stork
1176:, and the
1097:Hatchlings
980:gregarious
933:, central
805:C. atratus
801:C. atratus
662:described
654:described
593:Catharista
4353:Sarcogyps
4049:Gymnogyps
3954:Cathartes
3910:Kingdom:
3396:March 17,
3168:March 17,
2457:219510089
2441:1175-5334
2263:2399-3642
1909:Barcelona
1708:: 126â27.
1469:March 13,
1386:in 1994.
1384:Nicaragua
1208:capybaras
1193:livestock
1165:Cathartes
1160:ecosystem
972:uric acid
951:efficient
939:Caribbean
911:Neotropic
876:leucistic
862:eyelashes
852:Venezuela
836:scavenger
793:splitting
737:subfossil
703:From the
575:mule deer
495:crop milk
455:scavenger
436:chaparral
356:gallinazo
273:Bonaparte
239:Bechstein
218:Bechstein
186:Species:
124:Kingdom:
118:Eukaryota
4891:Wikidata
4753:2.104530
4740:22697624
4714:10453134
4639:45511378
4564:22697624
4559:BirdLife
4492:Wikidata
4328:Neophron
4158:Gypaetus
4133:Aegypius
3999:Coragyps
3918:Chordata
3916:Phylum:
3912:Animalia
3900:Vultures
3820: ·
3749:cite web
3717:June 19,
3696:June 19,
3649:Archived
3368:91157180
3140:: 43â45.
2671:(2001).
2597:(1980).
2449:33055754
2281:35999361
1961:(2007).
1847:27601346
1760:147, 387
1694:Ardeotis
1690:Coragyps
1539:NĂŒrnberg
1531:(1793).
1412:(2016).
1380:Suriname
1246:, young
1242:, small
1236:opossums
1224:seabirds
1127:raccoons
1122:incubate
1108:Trinidad
1078:Breeding
907:Nearctic
842:and the
698:Coragyps
609:C. urubu
605:Coragyps
597:C. urubu
556:vulturus
509:Taxonomy
474:dumpster
447:wingspan
440:pantanal
432:harriers
400:Coragyps
348:zopilote
307:Synonyms
179:Coragyps
164:Family:
138:Chordata
134:Phylum:
128:Animalia
114:Domain:
91:IUCN 3.1
4924:1466605
4911:9323738
4665:2481942
4546:Avibase
4498:Q213366
4115:Gypinae
3922:Class:
3807: (
3778:minutes
3635:, p. 35
2652:1364195
2481:June 2,
2420:Zootaxa
2325:1364617
2272:9399080
2204:1369460
2150:1365205
2091:4089021
2022:1364013
1252:insects
1248:turtles
1240:lizards
1155:carrion
1149:Feeding
927:migrate
887:Ecuador
707:to the
560:ÄtrÄtus
462:carrion
451:plumage
445:With a
376:Uruguay
362:in the
358:, is a
220:, 1793)
174:Genus:
154:Order:
144:Class:
89: (
4857:159147
4831:161512
4818:316995
4792:blkvul
4727:175272
4672:GNAB:
4647:EURING
4626:blkvul
4587:blkvul
4526:blavul
4378:Torgos
4074:Vultur
3631:
3604:Quartz
3366:
3244:
3092:
3060:
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2967:
2934:
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2864:, No.
2860:). In
2807:
2744:
2713:
2681:
2650:
2631:Condor
2611:
2571:
2548:
2538:London
2455:
2447:
2439:
2323:
2304:Condor
2279:
2269:
2261:
2202:
2183:Condor
2148:
2129:Condor
2089:
2020:
2001:Condor
1876:
1845:
1766:
1631:
1621:London
1598:
1244:snakes
1232:skunks
1220:herons
1201:cattle
1186:forest
1172:, the
1139:eagles
1131:coatis
1117:Clutch
1000:storks
998:, and
976:syrinx
921:, the
895:albino
891:tarsus
869:septum
857:tarsus
830:, Ohio
753:midden
680:fossil
668:clinal
546:. The
478:syrinx
470:cattle
430:, and
420:eagles
388:Canada
4919:WoRMS
4852:WoRMS
4805:73535
4779:33614
4709:IRMNG
4621:eBird
4584:BOW:
4577:10285
3550:(PDF)
3539:(PDF)
3364:S2CID
3331:(PDF)
3315:(PDF)
3159:(PDF)
2876:, PA.
2766:(PDF)
2648:JSTOR
2453:S2CID
2392:(PDF)
2375:(PDF)
2321:JSTOR
2299:(PDF)
2211:(PDF)
2200:JSTOR
2178:(PDF)
2146:JSTOR
2124:(PDF)
2098:(PDF)
2087:JSTOR
2055:(PDF)
2029:(PDF)
2018:JSTOR
1996:(PDF)
1731:(PDF)
1724:(PDF)
1228:ducks
1135:foxes
968:tarsi
935:Chile
883:Piñas
848:Texas
844:Andes
759:near
705:Early
646:basal
620:corax
617:Greek
554:word
552:Latin
428:kites
424:hawks
410:, an
354:, or
352:urubu
4906:GBIF
4844:4847
4774:NCBI
4735:IUCN
4722:ITIS
4701:4765
4660:GBIF
4652:2280
4600:Y9SZ
4572:BOLD
4208:Gyps
4113:and
3924:Aves
3755:link
3741:2012
3719:2020
3698:2020
3629:ISBN
3611:2020
3585:2007
3558:2007
3521:2007
3492:2007
3463:2007
3398:2022
3289:2007
3242:ISBN
3208:Ibis
3170:2022
3090:ISBN
3058:ISBN
3028:2007
2997:ISBN
2965:ISBN
2932:ISBN
2898:ISBN
2844:2016
2830:The
2805:ISBN
2784:2007
2742:ISBN
2711:ISBN
2679:ISBN
2609:ISBN
2569:ISBN
2546:ISBN
2483:2014
2445:PMID
2437:ISSN
2425:4780
2400:2007
2332:2007
2277:PMID
2259:ISSN
2219:2007
2157:2007
2106:2007
2037:2007
1978:2017
1945:2017
1874:ISBN
1843:PMID
1764:ISBN
1739:2007
1629:ISBN
1596:ISBN
1471:2023
1445:2021
1428:2016
1373:Peru
1369:Lima
1353:Maya
1250:and
1222:and
1210:and
1197:deer
1133:and
1103:Ohio
931:Peru
909:and
797:taxa
629:The
624:gyps
607:(as
564:Äter
491:crop
466:eggs
374:and
368:PerĂș
360:bird
328:The
148:Aves
4839:TSA
4761:NBN
4683:IBC
4634:EoL
4608:CMS
4595:CoL
4533:ADW
4522:ABA
3832:at
3431:doi
3356:doi
3217:doi
3213:136
2866:411
2738:348
2640:doi
2605:959
2429:doi
2349:".
2313:doi
2267:PMC
2251:doi
2192:doi
2138:doi
2077:hdl
2069:doi
2060:Auk
2010:doi
1870:267
1833:doi
1829:105
1706:118
1432:doi
1195:or
799:in
755:at
749:BCE
743:to
583:by
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