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378:(1865–1921) was an important American Realist and a member of The Ashcan School. Henri was interested in the spectacle of common life. He focused on individuals, strangers, quickly passing in the streets in towns and cities. His was a sympathetic rather than a comic portrayal of people, often using a dark background to add to the warmth of the person depicted. Henri's works were characterized by vigorous brushstrokes and bold impasto which stressed the materiality of the paint. Henri influenced Glackens, Luks, Shinn and Sloan. In 1906, he was elected to the
830:(1893) is one of the best, if not the earliest, naturalistic American novel. It is the harrowing story of a poor, sensitive girl whose uneducated, alcoholic parents utterly fail her. In love, and eager to escape her violent home, she allows herself to be seduced into living with a young man, who soon deserts her. When her self-righteous mother rejects her, Maggie becomes a prostitute to survive, but soon dies. Crane's earthy subject matter and his objective, scientific style, devoid of moralizing, earmark Maggie as a naturalist work.
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1086:. "In the Evening by the Moonlight" and "Golden Slippers" are well-known songs that he wrote, and he wrote other hits of the period, including "In the Morning by the Bright Light" and "De Golden Wedding". Bland wrote most of his songs from 1879 to 1882; in 1881, he left the U.S. for England with Haverly's Genuine Colored Minstrels. Bland found England more rewarding than the United States and stayed there until 1890; either he stopped writing songs during this period or he was unable to find an English publisher.
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905:. Twain's style, based on vigorous, realistic, colloquial American speech, gave American writers a new appreciation of their national voice. Twain was the first major author to come from the interior of the country, and he captured its distinctive, humorous slang and iconoclasm. For Twain and other American writers of the late 19th century, realism was not merely a literary technique: It was a way of speaking truth and exploding outworn conventions. Twain is best known for his works
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408:(1876–1953), a member of the Ashcan School, was famous for his numerous paintings of New York and the theater, and of various aspects of luxury and modern life inspired by his home in New York City. He painted theater scenes from London, Paris and New York. He found interest in the urban spectacle of life, drawing parallels between the theater and crowded seats and life. Unlike
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incompetency of the officers; the periodic lapses of morale; the uncertainty and meagerness of rations; and the wearying grind of army routine. His accounts of battle make frequent reference to the dreadful screaming of shells, the awful horror of mutilated bodies, and the agonizing cries of the wounded. War as detailed by his pen was a cruel and sordid business.
482:. He also was a successful commercial illustrator, producing numerous drawings and watercolors for contemporary magazines that humorously portrayed New Yorkers in their daily lives. Later in life, he was much better known as "the American Renoir" for his Impressionist views of the seashore and the French Riviera.
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and the life of ordinary
Americans at home. Artists used the feelings, textures and sounds of the city to influence the color, texture and look of their creative projects. Musicians noticed the quick and fast-paced nature of the early 20th century and responded with a fresh and new tempo. Writers and
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From the late 19th to the early 20th centuries, the United States experienced huge industrial, economic, social and cultural change. A continuous wave of
European immigration and the rising potential for international trade brought increasing growth and prosperity to America. Through art and artistic
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Art Young, who died in this city
Wednesday night at the age of 77, wouldn't have liked to have it said that he was a lovable soul in spite of his sometimes heterodox opinions. He valued his opinions. He had worked them out for himself, and for them he had sacrificed the chance to accumulated a fair
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composer and musician, often known as the "Father of the Blues". Handy remains among the most influential of
American songwriters. Although he was one of many musicians who played the distinctively American form of music known as the blues, he is credited with giving it its contemporary form. While
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journalist, photographer, and social reformer, was born in Ribe, Denmark. He is known for his dedication to using his photographic and journalistic talents to help the less fortunate in New York City, which was the subject of most of his prolific writings and photographic essays. He helped with the
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wrote that many
Romantics "wrote like exiled English colonials from an England of which they were never a part to a newer England that they were making...They did not use the words that people have always used in speech, the words that survive in language." In the same essay, Hemingway stated that
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Hopper's teacher Robert Henri encouraged his students to use their art to "make a stir in the world". He also advised his students "It isn’t the subject that counts but what you feel about it" and "Forget about art and paint pictures of what interests you in life". In this manner, Henri influenced
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C.A. White (1829–1892) wrote the hit song "Put Me in My Little Bed" in 1869, establishing him as a major songwriter. White was a songwriter of serious aspirations: Many of his songs were written for vocal quartets. He also made several attempts at opera. As half-owner of the music publishing firm
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was a style in art, music and literature that depicted contemporary social realities and the lives and everyday activities of ordinary people. The movement began in literature in the mid-19th century, and became an important tendency in visual art in the early 20th century. Whether a cultural
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of his pages are not all heroes. Soldier life as portrayed by
Watkins had more of the dullness and suffering than of excitement and glory. He tells much of the crushing fatigue of long marches; the boredom and discomfort of the long winter lulls; the caprice and harshness of discipline; the
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was a group of New York City artists who sought to capture the feel of early-20th-century New York City through realistic portraits of everyday life. These artists preferred to depict the richly and culturally textured lower class immigrants, rather than the rich and promising
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447:(1905), he shows children being entertained by a man with a toy while a woman and shopkeeper have a conversation in the background. The viewer is among the crowd rather than above it. Luks puts a positive spin on the Lower East Side by showing two young girls dancing in
934:. He "talked in a slow humorous drawl" and demonstrated unusual prowess as a storyteller. One of the book's commendable qualities is its realism. In an age noted for romanticizing "the war" and the men who fought it, he wrote with surprising frankness. The
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was published to great acclaim in 1895, but he barely had time to bask in the attention before he died at 28, having neglected his health. He has enjoyed continued success since his death—as a champion of the common man, a realist, and a symbolist. Crane's
1099:, he had a ready outlet for his work, but it was his songs that supported the publishing firm and not the other way around. White did not scorn writing for the popular stage—indeed he wrote a song for the pioneering African-American stage production
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juvenile novels that followed the adventures of bootblacks, newsboys, peddlers, buskers, and other impoverished children in their rise from humble backgrounds to lives of respectable middle-class security and comfort. His novels, of which
382:, but when painters in his circle were rejected for the academy's 1907 exhibition, he accused fellow jurors of bias and walked off the jury, resolving to organize a show of his own. He later referred to the academy as "a cemetery of art".
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era, soldiers, clergymen, sheriffs, judges, and farmers who had lived a century earlier. Primarily a journalist who also wrote fiction, essays, poetry, and plays, Crane saw life at its rawest in slums and on battlefields. His haunting
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in his compositions. He was scrupulous in documenting the sources of his works, which frequently combined stylistic influences from several performers. He loved this folk-musical form and brought a transforming touch to it.
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564:. Hopper is the most modern of the American realists and the most contemporary. While most popularly known for his oil paintings, he was equally proficient as a watercolorist and printmaker in
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In the U.S. at the beginning of the 20th century a new generation of painters, writers and journalists were coming of age. Many of the painters felt the influence of older U.S. artists such as
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888:. Early 19th-century American writers tended to be flowery, sentimental, or ostentatious—partially because they were still trying to prove that they could write as elegantly as the English.
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which is a type of dance among working-class immigrants; despite the poverty, children dance on the street. He looks for the joy and beauty in the life of the poor rather than the tragedy.
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133:. However they were interested in creating new and more urbane works that reflected city life and a population that was more urban than rural in the U.S. as it entered the new century.
523:, as in his paintings, he focused on the everyday lives of people. He depicted the leisure of the working class with an emphasis on female subjects. Among his better known works are
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music and remains the best-known figure. His music enjoyed a considerable resurgence of popularity and critical respect in the 1970s, especially for his most famous composition "
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ideas, and by 1906 or so, considered himself a socialist. He became politically active; by 1910, racial and sexual discrimination and the injustices of the
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Party in 1910. Originally from
Philadelphia, he worked in New York after 1904. From 1912 to 1916, he contributed illustrations to the socialist monthly
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596:(c. 1904). During his student years, Hopper also painted dozens of nudes, still lifes, landscapes, and portraits, including his self-portraits.
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socialites. One critic of the time did not like their choice of subjects, which included alleys, tenements, slum dwellers, and in the case of
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authors told a new story about
Americans; boys and girls real Americans could have grown up with. Pulling away from fantasy and focusing on
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from a not very well known regional music style to one of the dominant forces in
American music. Handy was an educated musician who used
568:. In both his urban and rural scenes, his spare and finely calculated renderings reflected his personal vision of modern American life.
511:(1871–1951) was an early-20th-century Realist of the Ashcan School, whose concerns with American social conditions led him to join the
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841:(1837–1920) wrote fiction and essays in the realist mode. His ideas about realism in literature developed in parallel with his
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American
Realism presented a new gateway and a breakthrough—introducing modernism, and what it means to be in the present. The
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Shinn, Everett. "Everett Shin on George Luks: An Unpublished Memoir". Archives of American Art. 6.2 (Apr., 1966).
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portrayal or a scenic view of downtown New York City, American realist works attempted to define what was real.
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boldness and a willingness to take risks. He had a fascination with violence as seen in his 1909 painting
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441:(1866–1933) was an Ashcan school artist who lived on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. In Luks' painting
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Handy, William Christoper (1941). Father of the Blues: An Autobiography. New York: Macmillan. p. 140.
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Art Center Information Presents the Ashcan School~Apostles of Ugliness » Art Center Information
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1082:(1854–1919) was the first prominent African-American songwriter and is known for his ballad,
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Gail Levin, Edward Hopper: An Intimate Biography, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1995, p. 38,
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depicts a city-scape that is not one particular view but a composite of many views.
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attempted to portray the exhaustion and cultural exuberance of the figurative
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Cylinder of Fiction. - The Fiction and Journalistic Writing of Stephen Crane
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expression (through all mediums including painting, literature and music),
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The Incredible Story of America's First Pop Star - Polyphonic on YouTube
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Handy was not the first to publish music in the blues form, he took the
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Music for the Nation: American Sheet Music, ca. 1870 to 1885 | loc.gov
592:. His first existing oil painting to hint at his famous interiors was
332:(1882–1925), painted city life in New York City. His paintings had an
808:(1871–1900), born in Newark, New Jersey, had roots going back to the
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274:, taverns frequented by the working class. They became known as the
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Sherry Maker, Edward Hopper, Brompton Books, New York, 1990, p. 9,
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Sherry Maker, Edward Hopper, Brompton Books, New York, 1990, p. 8,
1139:(c. 1867/68–1917) was an African-American musician and composer of
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560:(1882–1967) was a prominent American realist painter and
478:(1870–1938) painted the neighborhood surrounding his studio in
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James Davidson and Mark Lytle, “The Mirror with a Memory, ”
1656:. New York, N.Y.: Thames & Hudson. (pp. 302–312)
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cartoons, especially those drawn for the radical magazine
1463:. Wilmington, N.C.: Broadfoot Pub. Co. pp. 17, 19.
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is a typical example, were hugely popular in their day.
342:, which depicts a gory boxing scene. His 1913 painting
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519:. Sloan disliked propaganda, and in his drawings for
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American Paintings in The Metropolitan Museum of Art
899:all American fiction comes from Mark Twain's novel
1387:A companion to the regional literatures of America
727:, c. 1904–1908, charcoal and pastel on brown paper
1654:Framing America: A Social History of American Art
1623:Doezema, Marianne, and Elizabeth Milroy (1998).
1679:, a fully digitized 3 volume exhibition catalog
1627:. New Haven: Yale University Press. (pps. 311)
1504:After the Fact: The Art of Historical Detection
1037:, he is considered a pioneer in photography.
880:(1835–1910), better known by his pen name of
215:also known as The Eight and the group called
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1375:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1972. 37.
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930:which recounts his life as a soldier in the
1551:"Hall of Fame Retrieved January 14, 2009"
1390:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2003: 92.
1280:, Brompton Books, New York, 1990, p. 6,
845:attitudes. In his role as editor of the
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1013:. This image is Bandit's Roost at 59½
1723:Cultural history of the United States
1683:Music: New Generations of Songwriters
857:, and as the author of books such as
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947:Other writers of this sort included
913:The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
902:The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
884:, grew up in the frontier town of
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1024:(1849–1914), a Danish-American
529:Sunday, Women Drying Their Hair
1506:(New York: McGraw Hill, 2000).
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55:Whitney Museum of American Art
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1640:John Sloan: Painter and Rebel
1084:Carry me Back to Old Virginny
827:Maggie: A Girl of the Streets
1693:Literature: American Realism
1688:Literature: American Realism
1535:share of this world's goods.
594:Solitary Figure in a Theater
572:Hopper, as well as students
219:created the core of the new
86:'s Philadelphia Studio, 1898
1249:Loughery, 1997, pp. 144–46.
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1652:Pohl, Frances K. (2002).
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339:Both Members of This Club
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294:Both Members of This Club
1733:Culture of New York City
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1114:(1873–1958) was a
1010:How the Other Half Lives
866:The Rise of Silas Lapham
820:The Red Badge of Courage
744:Brooklyn Bridge at Night
468:Coney Island Fruit Stand
276:revolutionary black gang
1638:Loughery, John (1997).
1159:(includes "naturalism")
932:Confederate States Army
369:National Gallery of Art
367:, 1902, oil on canvas,
319:National Gallery of Art
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1267:Brooks, 1955, p. 73.
1258:Brooks, 1955, p. 79.
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839:William Dean Howells
834:William Dean Howells
600:Other visual artists
416:George Benjamin Luks
223:in the visual arts.
183:Thomas Wilmer Dewing
1620:. New York: Dutton.
1525:. December 31, 1943
1226:pp74-79 Dover, 1991
175:Frank Weston Benson
107:John Singer Sargent
1642:. New York: Holt.
1522:The New York Times
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1101:Out of Bondage
1091:
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1080:James A. Bland
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1005:Bandit's Roost
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981:J. D. Salinger
977:Ambrose Bierce
965:John Steinbeck
961:Upton Sinclair
944:
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878:Samuel Clemens
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788:rags-to-riches
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718:Joseph Pennell
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631:Joseph Pennell
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574:George Bellows
536:
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525:Picnic Grounds
499:McSorley's Bar
487:
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456:
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439:George B. Luks
425:George B. Luks
417:
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353:
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345:Cliff Dwellers
330:George Bellows
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231:Main article:
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429:Hester Street
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406:Everett Shinn
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149:in 1908. The
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123:J. Alden Weir
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119:Childe Hassam
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1559:. Retrieved
1555:the original
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1517:"Art Young"
1492:UI Journals
1163:Armory Show
1112:W. C. Handy
957:Jack London
953:Henry James
936:Johnny Rebs
794:Ragged Dick
663:David Hanna
659:Philip Koch
550:, c. 1921,
167:Robert Reid
1728:Modern art
1702:Categories
1662:0500283346
1633:0300073488
1618:John Sloan
1561:2009-01-14
1529:2010-10-24
1199:References
1107:W.C. Handy
1090:C.A. White
1064:capitalist
1055:The Masses
1001:Jacob Riis
992:Jacob Riis
987:Journalism
928:Co. Aytch,
908:Tom Sawyer
882:Mark Twain
873:Mark Twain
635:Leon Kroll
604:See also:
582:John Sloan
562:printmaker
521:The Masses
517:The Masses
509:John Sloan
486:John Sloan
272:John Sloan
30:See also:
1442:Scribners
1178:Modernism
1060:left wing
1050:socialist
1046:Art Young
1041:Art Young
1031:tenements
1026:muckraker
843:socialist
815:Civil War
763:Jonas Lie
623:Jonas Lie
513:Socialist
1479:34464004
1436:(1935).
1151:See also
761:, 1920,
501:, 1912,
431:, 1905,
246:l to r,
209:the now,
69:New York
53:(1924),
1611:Sources
1141:ragtime
774:Writers
566:etching
312:⁄
302:⁄
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979:, and
943:Others
817:novel
470:, 1898
401:, 1901
189:, and
129:, and
71:(1911)
1121:blues
1116:blues
1070:Music
1035:flash
410:Degas
153:were
1658:ISBN
1644:ISBN
1629:ISBN
1587:ISBN
1475:OCLC
1465:ISBN
1392:ISBN
1346:ISBN
1330:ISBN
1314:ISBN
1298:ISBN
1282:ISBN
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