3417:
3420:
1500:
factor is that trading partners such as China, depend for much of their economy on exports, especially to
America. There are many controversies about the current trade and external debt situation, and it is arguable whether anyone understands how these dynamics will play out in a historically unprecedented floating exchange rate system. While various aspects of the U.S. economic profile have precedents in the situations of other countries (notably government debt as a percentage of GDP), the sheer size of the U.S., and the integral role of the U.S. economy in the overall global economic environment, create considerable uncertainty about the future.
832:
840:
882:
848:
856:
2084:
2070:
1528:
890:
1129:
76:
1484:
1614:
2119:
205:
2105:
35:
1472:, when the value of imports substantially outweighs the value of exports. This external debt does not result mostly from loans to Americans or the American government, nor is it consumer debt owed to non-U.S. creditors. It is an accounting entry that largely represents U.S. domestic assets purchased with trade dollars and owned overseas, largely by U.S. trading partners.
2026:
112:
2054:
2040:
1298:, was quoted in the Associated Press (January 20, 2006) as saying "The U.S. trade deficit is a bigger threat to the domestic economy than either the federal budget deficit or consumer debt and could lead to political turmoil... Right now, the rest of the world owns $ 3 trillion more of us than we own of them."
1492:
receive interest and principal repayments. As the trade imbalance puts extra dollars in hands outside of the U.S., these dollars may be used to invest in new assets (foreign direct investment, such as new plants) or be used to buy existing
American assets such as stocks, real estate and bonds. With a mounting
1491:
If the external debt represents foreign ownership of domestic assets, the result is that rental income, stock dividends, capital gains and other investment income is received by foreign investors, rather than by U.S. residents. On the other hand, when
American debt is held by overseas investors, they
1280:
In 1985, the U.S. had just begun a growing trade deficit with China. During the 1990s, the U.S. trade deficit became a more excessive long-run trade deficit, mostly with Asia. By 2012, the U.S. trade deficit, fiscal budget deficit, and federal debt increased to record or near-record levels following
1560:
The U.S. is a member of several international trade organizations. The purpose of joining these organizations is to come to agreement with other nations on trade issues, although there is domestic political controversy to whether or not the U.S. government should be making these trade agreements in
1320:
In 2013 the United States' largest trading partner was Canada. China has seen substantial economic growth in the past 50 years and though a nuclear-security summit that took place in early 2010 President Obama hoped to ensure another 50 years of growth between the two countries. On April 19, 2010,
1227:
Over the long run, nations with trade surpluses tend also to have a savings surplus. The U.S. generally has developed lower savings rates than its trading partners, which have tended to have trade surpluses. Germany, France, Japan, and Canada have maintained higher savings rates than the U.S. over
1169:
International trade also influences the U.S. presidential election since voters' exposure to trade influences who wins the U.S. presidency, according to U.S. Census data covering nearly all economic activity in the United States. Moreover, employees in high-wage tradable goods and services sectors
1475:
For countries like the United States, a large net external debt is created when the value of foreign assets (debt and equity) held by domestic residents is less than the value of domestic assets held by foreigners. In simple terms, as foreigners buy property in the U.S., this adds to the external
1079:. Congress, however, has, in some cases, kept tight reins on the use of this authority by requiring that certain trade laws and programs be renewed; and by requiring the Executive Branch to issue reports to Congress so the latter can monitor the implementation of the trade laws and programs. The
1499:
Of major concern is the magnitude of the NIIP (or net external debt), which is larger than those of most national economies. Fueled by the sizable trade deficit, the external debt is so large that economists are concerned over whether the current account deficit is unsustainable. A complicating
1001:
required for different industries. In 2016 United States current account balance was negative $ 469,400,000,000. U.S. manufacturers exported $ 1,365.31 billion in goods exports in 2019, with Canada, Mexico, China, Japan and the United
Kingdom representing 35.44% of the export market.
1273:. On June 26, 2009, Jeff Immelt, the CEO of General Electric, called for the U.S. to increase its manufacturing base employment to 20% of the workforce, commenting that the U.S. has outsourced too much in some areas and can no longer rely on the financial sector and
1317:. "The rest of the world owns a staggering $ 2.5 trillion more of the U.S. than we own of other countries. Some of this $ 2.5 trillion is invested in claim checks—U.S. bonds, both governmental and private—and some in such assets as property and equity securities."
1046:
shall have power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and
Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and to promote the general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States
1246:($ 9 trillion), high non-bank corporate debt ($ 9 trillion), high mortgage debt ($ 9 trillion), high financial institution debt ($ 12 trillion), high unfunded Medicare liability ($ 30 trillion), high unfunded Social Security liability ($ 12 trillion), high
1515:. China had been buying huge quantities of dollar assets to keep its currency value low and its export economy humming, which caused American interest rates and saving rates to remain artificially low. These low interest rates, in turn, contributed to the
1354:, the U.S. trade deficit in goods reached $ 891 billion, which was the largest on record before the $ 1,183 billion deficit in the trade of goods recorded in 2021. By the end of the Trump presidency, the trade war was widely characterized as a failure.
1005:
Relatively few U.S. companies export; a 2009 study reported that 18% of U.S. manufacturers export their goods. Exporting is concentrated to a small number of companies: the largest 1% of U.S. companies that export comprise 81% of U.S. exports.
1331:
Though the U.S. trade deficit has been stubborn, and tends to be the largest by dollar volume of any nation, even the most extreme months as measured by percent of GDP there are nations that are far more noteworthy. Case in point, post
1432:
considered exports and are exempt from tariffs, but items shipped to Guam pay a 4% sales or use tax, items shipped to the USVI pay an excise tax (typically 0% to 4%), and Puerto Rico charges a consumption tax of 10.5–11.5%.
3732:
4452:
1602:
4944:
1867:
6601:
1105:
U.S. policy makers began to experiment on a broader level. In the 1940s, working with the
British government, the United States developed two innovations to expand and govern trade among nations: the
4817:
6810:
3036:
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1710:
4534:
6815:
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6644:
4634:
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3844:
2009:
3153:
1595:
6619:
6559:
6554:
6476:
5224:
4104:
1909:
6679:
6654:
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4711:
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3969:
3015:
1808:
6792:
6726:
5000:
4567:
4457:
1231:
Some economists believe that GDP and employment can be dragged down by an over-large deficit over the long run. Others believe that trade deficits are good for the economy. The
6649:
6639:
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1575:
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48:
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4939:
4256:
1198:
3610:
1873:
1778:
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905:, the country emerged as among the most significant global trade policy-makers, and it is now a partner to a number of international trade agreements, including the
6894:
6889:
6596:
6444:
6396:
5314:
5274:
1669:
1644:
6843:
6704:
6286:
6226:
5122:
4040:
3527:
3265:
2595:
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2017:
2013:
1879:
1715:
3132:
2223:
1903:
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5931:
5336:
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2025:
1422:
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1694:
1649:
1170:
are more likely to support incumbent presidents and their parties, whereas those in low-wage manufacturing jobs will be more likely to support the opposition.
6899:
4954:
4551:
4367:
4308:
3849:
1989:
1113:(ITO). GATT was a temporary multilateral agreement designed to provide a framework of rules and a forum to negotiate trade barrier reductions among nations.
1674:
6924:
6078:
5921:
5816:
5561:
5299:
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3939:
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3107:
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657:
3032:
6779:
6531:
6471:
6296:
5904:
5419:
5414:
5404:
4777:
4506:
3754:
2871:
1984:
1618:
1418:
3082:
1166:. Because of the significance for American economy and industry, much weight has been placed on trade policy by elected officials and business leaders.
2983:
1336:, Nepal's trade gap (in goods & services) was a shocking 33.3% of GDP although heavy remittances considerably offset that number. According to the
6591:
6518:
6073:
6016:
5909:
5738:
5180:
3683:
3369:
2500:
1512:
1343:(BEA), January 27, 2017 report, the GDP "increased 4.0 percent, or $ 185.5 billion, in the fourth quarter of 2016 to a level of $ 18,860.8 billion."
6261:
6246:
6120:
5916:
5409:
4897:
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1550:
1371:
3203:
1793:
6736:
6586:
6526:
6301:
6026:
5999:
5958:
5953:
5926:
5856:
5743:
5539:
5346:
4934:
4758:
4656:
4288:
2743:
1117:
54:
3149:
2393:"World Business Leaders Urge Trade Ministers To Seize The Opportunity to Resurrect the Doha Round – Trade Resource Center – Business Roundtable"
6483:
6466:
6383:
6316:
6127:
5836:
5519:
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5202:
5163:
4730:
4725:
4579:
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4067:
3923:
2392:
1106:
906:
3807:
3802:
3292:
3235:
2910:
2672:
1150:
has varied widely through various
American historical and industrial periods. As a major developed nation, the U.S. has relied heavily on the
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6271:
6266:
5943:
5831:
5701:
5605:
5514:
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3631:
2940:
2650:
1803:
1460:
1439:
regulations apply only when shipping to outside the United States and its territories, whether from inside or outside the main customs zone.
1251:
860:
818:
630:
268:
1829:
6391:
6256:
6139:
6036:
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5963:
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5637:
5600:
5529:
5361:
5326:
4877:
4607:
4340:
4111:
4062:
4035:
3959:
3918:
2005:
2001:
1933:
1401:
1337:
1015:
122:
3441:
3007:
133:
3500:
2773:
2053:
2039:
6838:
6830:
6578:
6095:
6083:
6021:
5778:
5269:
5168:
4765:
4479:
4424:
4320:
4204:
1914:
1413:
Transportation of certain living things or agricultural products may be prohibited even within a customs territory. This is enforced by
3906:
1281:
the implementation of broad unconditional or unilateral U.S. free trade policies and formal trade agreements in the preceding decades.
6853:
6760:
6458:
6276:
6251:
6235:
6219:
6068:
6009:
5894:
5889:
5826:
5588:
5549:
5509:
5356:
5289:
4902:
4529:
4524:
4429:
4377:
3661:
3520:
3343:
3261:
3231:
1414:
1375:
1023:
605:
2691:
1347:
1098:. The Union was able to avoid this, through skillful use of diplomacy and threats to other aspects of European-U.S. trade relations.
6881:
6718:
6110:
6090:
6041:
6031:
5899:
5821:
5798:
5758:
5622:
5612:
5489:
5464:
5371:
5351:
4829:
4619:
4345:
3727:
2719:
670:
471:
263:
169:
151:
62:
2795:
2366:
1788:
2823:
1783:
1763:
6629:
6306:
6115:
6061:
6046:
5948:
5783:
5259:
5212:
5207:
5109:
5036:
4736:
4501:
4030:
2332:
1476:
debt. When this occurs in greater amounts than
Americans buying property overseas, nations like the United States are said to be
1110:
652:
1813:
1753:
6149:
5938:
5879:
5788:
5679:
5654:
5151:
5141:
4706:
4624:
4562:
4546:
4392:
4387:
4151:
4131:
4121:
4116:
3053:
2143:
1855:
1798:
1773:
1748:
1570:
1270:
1019:
401:
5056:
3170:
1861:
1768:
1758:
6132:
5806:
5753:
5669:
5659:
5627:
5556:
5544:
5499:
5386:
5284:
5146:
5066:
4842:
4699:
4402:
4360:
4303:
3988:
3392:
2203:
2168:
1076:
2529:
6866:
6504:
6281:
6212:
5884:
5748:
5664:
5595:
5566:
5504:
5394:
5366:
5010:
4382:
4275:
3513:
2620:
2565:
2110:
1969:
1839:
1091:
863:(NIIP) has caused concern among economists over the effects of outsourcing and high U.S. trade deficits over the long-run.
373:
5051:
3393:"Debt and the dollar: The United States damages future living standards by borrowing itself into a deceptively deep hole"
1083:
was designed to force
Britain to rescind its restrictions on American trade, but failed, and was repealed in early 1809.
770:
6179:
6172:
6105:
5968:
5851:
5773:
5763:
5617:
5578:
5534:
5494:
5451:
5399:
5331:
5304:
5264:
5242:
4865:
4812:
4745:
4602:
4558:
4486:
4407:
4325:
4136:
4000:
3829:
3737:
3545:
2133:
1516:
1407:
642:
637:
323:
3257:
2903:"National Income and Product Accounts : Gross Domestic Product: Fourth Quarter and Annual 2016 (Advance Estimate)"
2253:
1186:
6100:
6051:
5866:
5768:
5691:
5573:
5469:
5294:
5279:
5217:
4852:
4807:
4614:
4496:
4350:
3428:
3124:
2587:
2428:
2231:
1953:
1834:
1554:
1447:
1340:
1333:
1221:
529:
451:
353:
1120:
in 1963 by
Executive Order 11075, originally called The Office of the Special Representative for Trade Negotiations.
1075:. Over time, and under carefully prescribed circumstances, Congress has delegated some of its trade authority to the
6004:
5874:
5706:
5686:
5674:
5484:
5474:
5156:
5061:
4674:
4664:
4191:
4186:
4176:
4171:
3693:
2163:
2153:
1220:
saw a U.S. economy characterized by slower GDP growth. In 1988, the United States ranked first in the world in the
1035:
692:
524:
466:
456:
388:
2484:
740:
5583:
4889:
4694:
4689:
4251:
3705:
1920:
1374:
designated to encourage economic activity. People and goods entering this territory are subject to inspection by
1243:
811:
697:
489:
363:
3819:
3759:
3099:
2841:
5696:
5041:
5031:
4797:
4753:
4594:
4355:
4141:
4005:
1565:
1396:
1182:
910:
707:
702:
461:
383:
839:
3078:
1458:
Gross U.S. assets held by foreigners were $ 16.3 trillion as of the end of 2006 (over 100% of GDP). The U.S.
5190:
4926:
4684:
4077:
3651:
1546:
The United States is a partner to many trade agreements, shown in the chart below and the map to the right.
1128:
785:
238:
913:(WTO). Gross U.S. assets held by foreigners were $ 16.3 trillion as of the end of 2006 (over 100% of GDP).
831:
6188:
5642:
4992:
4802:
4782:
4584:
4439:
4234:
4181:
4166:
4010:
3698:
3365:
2504:
1043:
898:
760:
712:
562:
1269:
and unfunded liabilities were mentioned as a serious problem facing the United States in the President's
1217:
6802:
5841:
5524:
4639:
4196:
4161:
4156:
4099:
4082:
3812:
3195:
1965:
735:
730:
617:
547:
378:
126:
that states a Knowledge (XXG) editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
2735:
847:
1446:
considered imports, and are subject to import tariffs, with exceptions on certain goods listed in the
6193:
5321:
5195:
5086:
4464:
3896:
3876:
3824:
3774:
3715:
3646:
2124:
1202:
1189:
of 1922. Harding's policies reduced taxes and protected U.S. business and agriculture. Following the
1137:
1072:
804:
755:
433:
428:
2396:
5733:
5649:
5459:
5175:
4860:
4491:
3688:
3288:
3227:
2902:
2669:
1366:
of the United States includes the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the U.S Commonwealth of
1310:
1290:
The balance of trade in the United States has been a concern among economists and business people.
1259:
1080:
1052:
881:
765:
196:
2932:
855:
4973:
4961:
4679:
4669:
4646:
4629:
4025:
3769:
3764:
3636:
1519:
because when mortgages are cheap, house prices are inflated as people can afford to borrow more.
1295:
1087:
1029:
750:
592:
368:
278:
2548:
1964:
partnered on the ban of liquor and food stuff on February 25, 2022, after it was announced that
889:
3445:
2765:
1483:
5716:
5076:
5046:
4872:
4224:
3722:
3641:
3626:
2646:
2306:
2138:
1527:
1363:
1274:
1210:
934:
775:
587:
333:
306:
216:
5632:
5479:
5185:
5005:
4015:
3856:
3839:
3834:
3673:
2458:
2296:
1322:
1232:
1190:
1094:
were confident that Britain would come to their aid because of British reliance on Southern
1060:
902:
780:
745:
343:
233:
3337:
2711:
6329:
5341:
5117:
5015:
4787:
4087:
4020:
3789:
3710:
3656:
3424:
2936:
2827:
2723:
2699:
2676:
2643:
Bad Money: Reckless Finance, Failed Politics, and the Global Crisis of American Capitalism
2624:
2533:
2488:
2370:
2301:
2284:
2207:
647:
557:
494:
258:
243:
878:
of the United States. The country is among the top three global importers and exporters.
2799:
2363:
1173:
The 1920s marked a decade of economic growth in the United States following a Classical
89:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
6353:
5811:
5711:
5094:
4229:
4219:
4214:
4209:
3881:
3744:
3678:
2820:
2766:"FTD – Statistics – Country Data – U.S. Trade Balance with World (Seasonally Adjusted)"
1442:
Shipments from U.S. territories other than Puerto Rico into the main customs territory
1386:
1314:
1291:
1255:
1178:
1163:
790:
682:
514:
499:
348:
338:
288:
253:
187:
2325:
1205:
currency agreement followed by the economy of the 1950s and 1960s. In 1971, President
6918:
6349:
6204:
4792:
4092:
3901:
3536:
2796:"Table 1288. U.S. Exports, General Imports, and Trade Balance in Goods: 1970 to 2004"
2350:
1937:
1613:
1504:
1493:
1247:
1213:
1206:
1155:
1144:
998:
677:
582:
572:
509:
504:
418:
413:
313:
273:
3442:"Reflections on Global Account Imbalances and Emerging Markets Reserve Accumulation"
204:
6344:
5099:
5071:
4126:
1957:
1553:, which are often precursors to free trade agreements. It has also negotiated many
1508:
1379:
1351:
1236:
1194:
1147:
1102:
600:
519:
408:
328:
3396:
2455:
Winners and Losers in International Trade: The Effects on U.S. Presidential Voting
2200:
1250:(amount owed to foreign lenders) and a serious deterioration in the United States
3495:
3317:
2326:"U.S. Trade Statutes: Expiration Dates and Mandated Periodic Reports to Congress"
6419:
6324:
5376:
4907:
4244:
4146:
3886:
3749:
2526:
1465:
became a negative $ 2.5 trillion at the end of 2006, or about minus 19% of GDP.
1367:
1235:
of a forgone tax base may outweigh perceived gains, especially where artificial
1174:
950:
938:
567:
283:
2617:
2090:
U.S. imports of goods by country in 2004 (does not include imports of services)
2076:
U.S. exports of goods by country in 2004 (does not include exports of services)
6414:
4239:
4045:
3871:
3866:
3784:
3467:
2100:
1266:
1224:"quality of life index" and third in the Economic Freedom of the World Index.
1116:
The growing importance of international trade led to the establishment of the
982:
954:
577:
423:
248:
17:
2310:
6339:
5728:
5721:
2148:
1382:
are separate customs territories administered largely by local authorities:
1325:
1034:
The authority of Congress to regulate international trade is set out in the
990:
942:
610:
552:
2736:"U.S. Trade in Goods and Services – Balance of Payments, 1960 through 2014"
2419:
1286:
However, recessions may cause short-run anomalies to rising trade deficits.
2104:
6334:
3911:
3861:
3505:
3125:"The centerpiece of Trump's trade deal with China 'failed spectacularly'"
1949:
1071:
of sensitive technology and extending tariff preferences to imports from
1511:, the enormous inflow of capital from China is one of the causes of the
2963:"List of markets for the selected product. Product: TOTAL All products"
2481:
1068:
1064:
1056:
358:
2453:
Jensen, J. Bradford; Quinn, Dennis; Weymouth, Stephen (January 2016),
2382:
International Trade and Investment art S. Fisher and Michael P. Malloy
1480:, but this is not conventional debt like a loan obtained from a bank.
3100:"Analysis: Trump promised to win the trade war with China. He failed"
2158:
1961:
1945:
1159:
1151:
1095:
970:
966:
926:
875:
871:
318:
228:
223:
3008:"How China Won Trump's Trade War and Got Americans to Foot the Bill"
2984:"New data show the failures of Donald Trump's China trade strategy"
2463:
2573:
1941:
1711:
Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR)
1526:
1469:
1127:
994:
974:
962:
922:
888:
880:
854:
846:
838:
830:
3171:"Trump Promised a 'Good and Easy To Win' Trade War, Then Lost It"
2349:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
925:
relations with many other countries. Within that, the trade with
1496:, the income from these assets increasingly transfers overseas.
1468:
This figure rises as long as the U.S. maintains an imbalance in
1436:
1391:
986:
978:
946:
930:
6208:
3509:
3289:"Taxes on Imported Goods: A Guide to Tariffs, Duties, and More"
1584:
3033:"More pain than gain: How the US-China trade war hurt America"
1133:
958:
293:
105:
69:
28:
3150:"Trump's economic legacy: Trade wars, tariffs and tax breaks"
3366:"News Release: U.S. International Investment Position, 2006"
203:
2566:"Causes and Consequences of the Trade Deficit: An Overview"
1932:
As of February 26, 2022, the United States has barred most
1557:, which concern the movement of capital rather than goods.
123:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
1209:
ended U.S. ties to Bretton Woods, leaving the U.S. with a
897:
The regulation of trade is constitutionally vested in the
3342:. International Finance Theory and Policy. June 3, 2004.
2010:
List of the largest trading partners of the United States
3258:"9 – Shipping to Puerto Rico and other U.S. Territories"
1242:
In 2006, the primary economic concerns focused on: high
3054:"China Trade War Didn't Boost U.S. Manufacturing Might"
1956:. This is the biggest bar on imports in the U.S. since
1313:
as a solution to the United States' problem and ensure
129:
2901:
Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) (January 27, 2017),
2712:
GE's Immelt says U.S. economy needs industrial renewal
3332:
3330:
3328:
3326:
2933:"Blow to Trump as US trade deficit hits 10-year high"
2872:"Nepal's trade deficit soars to 33.34 percent of GDP"
2668:
Cauchon, Dennis and John Waggoner (October 3, 2004).
2618:
China Manipulates Its Currency – A Response is Needed
1880:
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP)
1328:
to discuss trade policies between the two countries.
2476:
Joseph A. Schumpeter, "The Decade of the Twenties",
2373:
Preventing Diplomatic Recognition of the Confederacy
1576:
Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America
6880:
6852:
6829:
6801:
6778:
6753:
6735:
6717:
6612:
6577:
6547:
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6492:
6457:
6407:
6382:
6315:
5992:
5865:
5797:
5450:
5437:
5385:
5241:
5108:
5085:
5024:
4991:
4982:
4925:
4888:
4851:
4828:
4744:
4724:
4655:
4593:
4515:
4438:
4296:
4287:
4274:
3987:
3932:
3619:
3553:
3544:
3339:
Chapter 5–10: The International Investment Position
1980:American foreign trade is regulated internally by:
1892:
1848:
1822:
1741:
1734:
1703:
1632:
1625:
835:
Average tariff rates (France, United Kingdom, U.S.)
2588:"Growing Trade Deficit Good News for U.S. Economy"
2427:. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.
2224:"The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency"
1910:Canada–United States Automotive Products Agreement
3079:"Why Did Donald Trump's Trade War on China Fail?"
2364:U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian
4940:Native American recognition in the United States
2931:Politti, James; Rocco, Matthew (March 6, 2019).
1239:and manipulations are present to distort trade.
1199:United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference
969:, and many more items are traded. The country's
3418:Current account balance, U.S. dollars, Billions
2032:Proportion of U.S. exports to imports 1960–2004
3052:Zumbrun, Josh; Davis, Bob (October 25, 2020).
2710:Bailey, David and Soyoung Kim (June 26, 2009).
2501:"The Harding/Coolidge Prosperity of the 1920s"
2018:List of U.S. states and territories by imports
2014:List of U.S. states and territories by exports
1561:the first place. These organizations include:
933:is predominant. To fulfill the demands of the
6220:
5337:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States
3521:
1716:United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA)
1596:
1423:California Department of Food and Agriculture
1063:; providing remedies against unfairly traded
812:
8:
2060:U.S. imports of goods and services 1960–2004
2046:U.S. exports of goods and services 1960–2004
1990:United States International Trade Commission
1059:and to establish tariff rates; implementing
3431:World Economic Outlook Database, April 2008
2421:U.S. Trade Policy Functions: Who Does What?
2418:Akhtar, Shayerah Ilias (November 1, 2018).
2283:Kim, In Song; Osgood, Iain (May 11, 2019).
1915:North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
1549:The United States has also negotiated many
1284:The U.S. last had a trade surplus in 1975.
63:Learn how and when to remove these messages
6750:
6609:
6544:
6489:
6404:
6312:
6227:
6213:
6205:
5447:
5443:
5247:
4988:
4741:
4293:
4284:
4280:
3993:
3550:
3528:
3514:
3506:
2840:Division, US Census Bureau Foreign Trade.
2664:
2662:
1985:United States Court of International Trade
1738:
1729:
1629:
1619:Free trade agreements of the United States
1603:
1589:
1581:
1419:Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
1350:with China was launched by U.S. President
819:
805:
181:
4950:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes
2462:
2300:
1551:Trade and Investment Framework Agreements
1421:, and even state authorities such as the
170:Learn how and when to remove this message
152:Learn how and when to remove this message
2254:"2020 United States Manufacturing Facts"
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
1482:
1309:article, Buffett proposed a tool called
1265:These issues have raised concerns among
843:Average tariff rates in U.S. (1821–2016)
5001:List of counties and county equivalents
3228:"Import Tariffs Overview and Resources"
2852:from the original on September 24, 2017
2181:
2065:
2021:
1118:Office of the U.S. Trade Representative
195:
3468:"The Unofficial Paul Krugman Web Page"
3346:from the original on December 24, 2006
2776:from the original on September 1, 2022
2480:vol. 36, No. 2, (May, 1946), pp. 1–10
1856:Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA)
1428:Items shipped to U.S. territories are
1301:In both a 1987 guest editorial to the
1107:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
1038:(Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 1):
907:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
3391:Bivens, L. Josh (December 14, 2004).
3372:from the original on October 13, 2008
3295:from the original on February 3, 2024
3268:from the original on February 3, 2024
3238:from the original on February 3, 2024
3110:from the original on October 25, 2020
2503:. Calvin-coolidge.org. Archived from
2302:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050317-063728
2199:Bivens, L. Josh (December 14, 2004).
1840:Transatlantic Free Trade Area (TAFTA)
1461:net international investment position
1252:net international investment position
861:net international investment position
7:
3064:from the original on January 9, 2021
3039:from the original on August 15, 2020
2913:from the original on August 14, 2018
2882:from the original on October 4, 2017
2434:from the original on August 16, 2021
2324:Bolle, Mary Jane (October 2, 2007).
2006:List of exports of the United States
2002:List of imports of the United States
1513:global financial crisis of 2008–2009
1402:United States Minor Outlying Islands
1016:List of tariffs in the United States
851:Imports vs exports & net imports
3123:Elegant, Naomi (February 8, 2021).
2943:from the original on March 10, 2019
2670:The Looming National Benefit Crisis
2616:Bivens, Josh (September 25, 2006 ).
2598:from the original on August 9, 2011
2285:"Firms in Trade and Trade Politics"
1830:Middle East Free Trade Area (MEFTA)
6925:Foreign trade of the United States
6236:Public policy of the United States
3501:U.S. Exports/Imports Trade Balance
3262:International Trade Administration
3232:International Trade Administration
3206:from the original on June 13, 2021
3181:from the original on June 17, 2021
3156:from the original on April 5, 2021
3148:White, Martha (January 20, 2021).
3085:from the original on June 10, 2021
3077:Lester, Simon (January 25, 2021).
3018:from the original on June 15, 2021
2746:from the original on July 24, 2017
2338:from the original on July 19, 2011
2289:Annual Review of Political Science
2264:from the original on March 3, 2022
1835:Trade in Services Agreement (TISA)
1415:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
1376:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
1024:Protectionism in the United States
937:sector, the country has to import
868:Foreign trade of the United States
25:
4346:Director of National Intelligence
2994:from the original on May 13, 2021
2395:. January 3, 2006. Archived from
1370:, with the exception of over 200
1321:President Obama met with China's
472:International Chamber of Commerce
44:This article has multiple issues.
4502:Government Accountability Office
3287:Josh Kimble (January 28, 2022).
3169:Boehm, Eric (January 19, 2021).
3135:from the original on May 8, 2021
3098:Disis, Jill (October 25, 2020).
2525:Star Parker (December 17, 2012).
2117:
2103:
2082:
2068:
2052:
2038:
2024:
1612:
1503:According to economists such as
1111:International Trade Organization
110:
74:
33:
3196:"Trump's Protectionist Failure"
2821:America's Growing Trade Deficit
2694:. Retrieved on April 17, 2009.
2144:Trading with the Enemy Act 1917
1921:Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)
1571:Organization of American States
1454:Investment in the United States
1271:2006 State of the Union address
1020:Tariff in United States history
973:list includes food grains like
941:and iron ore on a large scale.
885:Merchandise exports (1870–1992)
52:or discuss these issues on the
6145:Separation of church and state
4361:National Reconnaissance Office
4304:President of the United States
2718:. Retrieved on June 28, 2009.
2631:Retrieved on February 2, 2010.
2169:United States balance of trade
1868:Southern African Customs Union
1:
3496:Comprehensive U.S. Trade Data
3444:. May 9, 2008. Archived from
3194:Gramm, Phil (March 2, 2021).
3031:Hass, Ryan (August 7, 2020).
2111:Business and economics portal
1970:Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant
1555:bilateral investment treaties
1055:includes the power to impose
1051:Congressional authority over
893:U.S. manufacturing employment
4507:Government Publishing Office
3975:Technological and industrial
3395:. Epinet.org. Archived from
2549:"The shift away from thrift"
2527:Tea Partiers must hang tough
2213:. Retrieved on July 8, 2007.
2134:Federal Trade Commission Act
1517:United States housing bubble
1408:United States Virgin Islands
870:comprises the international
548:Intellectual property rights
6477:Low-level radioactive waste
5979:Women's reproductive health
4945:Federally recognized tribes
4808:Public utilities commission
4712:Public Health Service Corps
4615:Code of Federal Regulations
4497:Congressional Budget Office
4351:Central Intelligence Agency
4257:Water supply and sanitation
3684:Declaration of Independence
3429:International Monetary Fund
2876:Kathmandupost.ekantipur.com
1954:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1448:Code of Federal Regulations
1341:Bureau of Economic Analysis
1338:U.S. Department of Commerce
1254:(NIIP) (−24% of GDP), high
1222:Economist Intelligence Unit
981:, and soybeans, as well as
530:Economic and monetary union
452:International Monetary Fund
389:Voluntary export restraints
6941:
5157:Red states and blue states
5062:City commission government
5057:Council–manager government
2698:November 23, 2009, at the
2629:Economic Policy Institute.
2206:December 17, 2004, at the
2164:Ocean freight differential
2154:Tariff in American history
1999:
1487:Account balance as of 2006
1036:United States Constitution
1027:
1013:
525:Customs and monetary union
467:World Customs Organization
457:International Trade Centre
6242:
6166:
5446:
5250:
5137:
4913:Comparison of governments
4283:
3996:
3892:Post-Cold War (1991–2008)
3733:drafting and ratification
3706:Articles of Confederation
3035:. Brookings Institution.
2907:US Department of Commerce
2211:Economic Policy Institute
1728:
1346:In 2018, the year that a
1305:and a more detailed 2003
1132:China gains entry to the
490:Preferential trading area
83:This article needs to be
5932:Prescription drug prices
5052:Mayor–council government
5042:Coterminous municipality
5032:Consolidated city-county
4798:Agriculture commissioner
4448:House of Representatives
4356:National Security Agency
4006:Contiguous United States
2722:August 15, 2009, at the
2641:Phillips, Kevin (2007).
2478:American Economic Review
1858:(no interest since 2005)
1566:World Trade Organization
1397:Northern Mariana Islands
1218:stagflation of the 1970s
1183:Emergency Tariff of 1921
911:World Trade Organization
771:Balassa–Samuelson effect
766:Ricardian trade theories
653:Largest consumer markets
462:World Trade Organization
6017:Criticism of government
5362:Social welfare programs
4955:State-recognized tribes
3940:Outline of U.S. history
3652:Continental Association
3200:The Wall Street Journal
3058:The Wall Street Journal
1187:Fordney–McCumber Tariff
1177:policy. U.S. President
786:Lerner symmetry theorem
6079:Environmental movement
5922:Health insurance costs
5817:Educational attainment
5342:Federal Reserve System
5300:Science and technology
4803:Insurance commissioner
4341:Intelligence Community
4036:minor outlying islands
3799:Civil rights movement
3368:. BEA. June 28, 2007.
2690:George W. Bush (2006)
1543:
1541: Free-trade areas
1488:
1141:
1049:
899:United States Congress
894:
886:
864:
852:
844:
836:
761:Gravity model of trade
658:Leading trade partners
563:Government procurement
364:Exchange rate controls
208:
132:by rewriting it in an
5905:Immigrant health care
5420:Transportation safety
5415:Transportation policy
5405:Public transportation
4475:President pro tempore
4331:Executive departments
4100:National Park Service
3755:Territorial evolution
3291:. AFC International.
3264:. February 20, 2018.
2990:. February 10, 2021.
2842:"Foreign Trade: Data"
1976:Internal institutions
1917:(superseded by USMCA)
1906:(superseded by NAFTA)
1530:
1486:
1334:2015 Nepal earthquake
1131:
1040:
892:
884:
858:
850:
842:
834:
741:Heckscher–Ohlin model
736:Competitive advantage
731:Comparative advantage
618:Trade and development
379:Countervailing duties
207:
6745:Same-sex immigration
6074:Environmental issues
5739:Political ideologies
5638:Indigenous languages
4838:List of legislatures
4635:separation of powers
4336:Independent agencies
4262:World Heritage Sites
3897:September 11 attacks
3820:Spanish–American War
3760:Mexican–American War
3716:Confederation period
3647:Continental Congress
3014:. January 11, 2021.
2594:. January 12, 2010.
2125:United States portal
1876:(on hold since 2006)
1870:(on hold since 2006)
1864:(on hold since 2006)
1804:United Arab Emirates
1404:(mostly uninhabited)
1138:most favoured nation
1101:Near the end of the
1073:developing countries
756:Intra-industry trade
484:Economic integration
434:Economic integration
429:Economic nationalism
5917:Health care finance
5410:Rail transportation
5176:Imperial presidency
4898:State constitutions
4843:List of legislators
4793:Auditor/Comptroller
4766:Lieutenant governor
4492:Library of Congress
4383:Diplomatic Security
4026:Indian reservations
3689:American Revolution
3399:on January 20, 2008
2457:, pp. w21899,
2201:Debt and the dollar
1996:Imports and exports
1936:imports including (
1535: United States
1372:foreign trade zones
1311:Import Certificates
1260:illegal immigration
1081:Embargo Act of 1807
1053:international trade
859:Deteriorating U.S.
384:Anti-dumping duties
324:Non-tariff barriers
269:Import substitution
6287:Telecommunications
6027:affirmative action
6000:Capital punishment
5959:Poverty and health
5954:Physician shortage
5927:Health care prices
5857:Standard of living
5540:standard of living
5347:Financial position
4974:Hawaiian home land
4962:Indian reservation
4935:Tribal sovereignty
4778:Secretary of state
4647:United States Code
4563:Territorial courts
4535:Associate Justices
4420:Inspector generals
3907:War in Afghanistan
3770:Reconstruction era
3637:Stamp Act Congress
3423:2011-06-04 at the
3234:. April 13, 2022.
3081:. Cato Institute.
2979:Multiple sources:
2826:2014-04-09 at the
2692:State of the Union
2675:2012-09-29 at the
2623:2011-08-12 at the
2576:on March 15, 2008.
2532:2013-02-05 at the
2487:2017-03-27 at the
2399:on January 3, 2006
2369:2020-07-31 at the
1952:) etc. due to the
1544:
1489:
1303:Omaha-World Herald
1296:Berkshire Hathaway
1142:
1067:; controlling the
1030:American Civil War
895:
887:
865:
853:
845:
837:
751:Economic geography
558:Competition policy
354:Technical barriers
334:Tariff-rate quotas
279:Trade facilitation
264:Export orientation
209:
134:encyclopedic style
121:is written like a
6912:
6911:
6908:
6907:
6774:
6773:
6713:
6712:
6573:
6572:
6513:
6512:
6453:
6452:
6202:
6201:
6162:
6161:
6158:
6157:
6128:National security
5837:Income inequality
5717:Statue of Liberty
5520:income inequality
5433:
5432:
5425:Trucking industry
5237:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5164:Foreign relations
5152:Electoral College
5133:
5132:
4921:
4920:
4873:District attorney
4720:
4719:
4547:Courts of appeals
4270:
4269:
3983:
3982:
3924:COVID-19 pandemic
3877:Feminist Movement
3723:American frontier
3642:Thirteen Colonies
2830:Warren E. Buffett
2652:978-0-14-314328-4
2592:Blog.heritage.org
2507:on March 12, 2009
2139:Trade Act of 2002
1929:
1928:
1888:
1887:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1364:customs territory
1358:Customs territory
1277:to drive demand.
1275:consumer spending
1090:, leaders of the
829:
828:
776:Linder hypothesis
588:Emissions trading
180:
179:
172:
162:
161:
154:
104:
103:
67:
16:(Redirected from
6932:
6751:
6610:
6545:
6490:
6405:
6313:
6229:
6222:
6215:
6206:
6182:
6175:
6062:African American
5944:Health insurance
5832:Household income
5702:National symbols
5633:American English
5606:Federal holidays
5515:household income
5448:
5444:
5248:
5186:Anti-Americanism
5110:Special district
5037:Independent city
5006:County executive
4989:
4783:Attorney general
4742:
4731:Federal District
4314:Executive Office
4294:
4285:
4281:
4041:populated places
4021:federal enclaves
4016:federal district
3994:
3857:American Century
3840:Great Depression
3835:Roaring Twenties
3795:Women's suffrage
3674:Halifax Resolves
3667:Founding Fathers
3662:military history
3627:Pre-colonial era
3551:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3507:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3438:
3432:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3334:
3321:
3320:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3224:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2837:
2831:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2798:. Archived from
2792:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2732:
2726:
2708:
2702:
2688:
2682:
2666:
2657:
2656:
2638:
2632:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2572:. Archived from
2562:
2556:
2555:, April 7, 2005.
2546:
2540:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2497:
2491:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2433:
2426:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2389:
2383:
2380:
2374:
2361:
2355:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2337:
2330:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2304:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2230:. Archived from
2220:
2214:
2197:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2086:
2072:
2056:
2042:
2028:
1739:
1630:
1617:
1616:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1582:
1540:
1534:
1523:Trade agreements
1378:. The remaining
1323:paramount leader
1287:
1258:, and a rise in
1233:opportunity cost
1191:Great Depression
1140:in early 2000s.
1103:Second World War
1077:Executive Branch
1061:trade agreements
921:The country has
903:Great Depression
821:
814:
807:
781:Leontief paradox
746:New trade theory
349:Export subsidies
234:Balance of trade
182:
175:
168:
157:
150:
146:
143:
137:
114:
113:
106:
99:
96:
90:
78:
77:
70:
59:
37:
36:
29:
21:
6940:
6939:
6935:
6934:
6933:
6931:
6930:
6929:
6915:
6914:
6913:
6904:
6876:
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6803:Native American
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6140:Opioid epidemic
6057:Native American
6037:intersex rights
5988:
5984:Life expectancy
5974:Medical deserts
5964:Race and health
5861:
5847:Personal income
5793:
5697:National anthem
5530:personal income
5495:Economic issues
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5087:Minor divisions
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4903:Statutory codes
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4608:civil liberties
4589:
4580:Other tribunals
4559:District courts
4511:
4470:current members
4453:current members
4434:
4368:Law enforcement
4266:
3979:
3928:
3919:Great Recession
3790:Progressive Era
3780:Native genocide
3711:Perpetual Union
3699:Treaty of Paris
3657:United Colonies
3615:
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1109:(GATT) and the
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1014:Main articles:
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945:, cotton yarn,
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4861:Supreme courts
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4603:Bill of Rights
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4573:list of judges
4570:
4568:list of courts
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4552:list of judges
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4321:Vice President
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4105:National Parks
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4058:Extreme points
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3745:Federalist Era
3742:
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3738:Bill of Rights
3735:
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3679:Lee Resolution
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3539: articles
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3490:External links
3488:
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3459:
3448:on May 9, 2008
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1938:semiconductors
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1387:American Samoa
1359:
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1315:balanced trade
1292:Warren Buffett
1256:trade deficits
1228:the long run.
1179:Warren Harding
1164:finished goods
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376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
344:Customs duties
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
314:Trade barriers
310:
305:
304:
301:
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297:
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291:
289:Domestic trade
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82:
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68:
42:
41:
39:
32:
24:
18:American trade
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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6789:
6786:
6785:
6783:
6781:
6777:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6758:
6756:
6754:By Presidency
6752:
6746:
6743:
6742:
6740:
6738:
6734:
6728:
6725:
6724:
6722:
6720:
6716:
6706:
6703:
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6698:
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6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6680:G. H. W. Bush
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6655:L. B. Johnson
6653:
6651:
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6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
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6617:
6615:
6613:By Presidency
6611:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6598:
6595:
6593:
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6588:
6585:
6584:
6582:
6580:
6576:
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6563:
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6558:
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6552:
6550:
6548:By Presidency
6546:
6538:
6535:
6534:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6524:
6522:
6520:
6519:Environmental
6516:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6497:
6495:
6493:By Presidency
6491:
6485:
6482:
6478:
6475:
6474:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
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6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
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6423:
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6413:
6412:
6410:
6408:By Presidency
6406:
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6393:
6390:
6389:
6387:
6385:
6381:
6375:
6372:
6370:
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6350:Great Society
6348:
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6094:
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6069:Energy policy
6067:
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6040:
6038:
6035:
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6018:
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6011:
6010:incarceration
6008:
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5985:
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5911:
5908:
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5898:
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5895:Prenatal care
5893:
5891:
5890:Birth control
5888:
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5883:
5882:
5881:
5878:
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5870:
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5853:
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5827:Homeownership
5825:
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5813:
5810:
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5550:working class
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5510:homeownership
5508:
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5316:
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5311:
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5290:Manufacturing
5288:
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5219:
5218:Third parties
5216:
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4585:U.S. attorney
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4530:Chief Justice
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4093:Sierra Nevada
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4031:insular zones
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3902:War on Terror
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3882:LGBT Movement
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2538:Urbancure.com
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1529:
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1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1505:Larry Summers
1501:
1497:
1495:
1494:trade deficit
1485:
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1471:
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1380:insular areas
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1299:
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1294:, founder of
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1288:
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1263:
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1257:
1253:
1249:
1248:external debt
1245:
1244:national debt
1240:
1238:
1237:currency pegs
1234:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1214:fiat currency
1212:
1208:
1207:Richard Nixon
1204:
1203:Bretton Woods
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1165:
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1157:
1156:raw materials
1153:
1149:
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1145:United States
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999:machine tools
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728:
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688:United States
686:
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678:Trade mission
676:
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659:
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589:
586:
584:
583:Trade justice
581:
579:
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574:
573:Globalization
571:
569:
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561:
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556:
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551:
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538:
531:
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510:Single market
508:
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505:Customs union
503:
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446:Organizations
443:
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430:
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419:Laissez-faire
417:
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414:Protectionism
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329:Import quotas
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119:This article
117:
108:
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81:
72:
71:
66:
64:
57:
56:
51:
50:
45:
40:
31:
30:
27:
19:
6620:T. Roosevelt
6345:New Frontier
6291:
6247:Agricultural
6111:Human rights
6091:Gun politics
6042:Islamophobia
6032:antisemitism
5900:Hospice care
5842:Middle class
5822:Homelessness
5799:Social class
5759:Social class
5623:Human rights
5613:Homelessness
5525:middle class
5490:Demographics
5465:Architecture
5372:Unemployment
5352:Labor unions
5309:
5100:Town meeting
5077:City council
5072:City manager
4813:State police
4675:Marine Corps
4665:Armed Forces
4640:civil rights
4620:Constitution
4192:Southwestern
4187:Southeastern
4177:Northwestern
4172:Northeastern
4137:Mid-Atlantic
4127:Great Plains
3845:World War II
3728:Constitution
3632:Colonial era
3611:2008–present
3475:. Retrieved
3471:
3462:
3450:. Retrieved
3446:the original
3436:
3413:
3401:. Retrieved
3397:the original
3386:
3376:November 17,
3374:. Retrieved
3360:
3350:November 17,
3348:. Retrieved
3338:
3309:
3297:. Retrieved
3282:
3270:. Retrieved
3252:
3240:. Retrieved
3222:
3210:September 8,
3208:. Retrieved
3199:
3185:September 8,
3183:. Retrieved
3174:
3160:September 8,
3158:. Retrieved
3152:. NBC News.
3139:September 8,
3137:. Retrieved
3128:
3114:September 8,
3112:. Retrieved
3103:
3089:September 8,
3087:. Retrieved
3068:September 8,
3066:. Retrieved
3057:
3043:September 8,
3041:. Retrieved
3022:September 8,
3020:. Retrieved
3011:
2998:September 8,
2996:. Retrieved
2987:
2975:
2966:
2957:
2945:. Retrieved
2926:
2917:February 24,
2915:, retrieved
2906:
2896:
2884:. Retrieved
2875:
2866:
2854:. Retrieved
2845:
2835:
2816:
2804:. Retrieved
2800:the original
2790:
2778:. Retrieved
2769:
2760:
2748:. Retrieved
2739:
2730:
2716:UK Guardian.
2715:
2706:
2686:
2679:
2642:
2636:
2628:
2612:
2600:. Retrieved
2591:
2582:
2574:the original
2569:
2560:
2552:
2544:
2537:
2521:
2509:. Retrieved
2505:the original
2495:
2477:
2472:
2454:
2448:
2438:November 11,
2436:. Retrieved
2420:
2413:
2401:. Retrieved
2397:the original
2387:
2378:
2359:
2348:
2340:. Retrieved
2319:
2292:
2288:
2278:
2266:. Retrieved
2257:
2248:
2236:. Retrieved
2232:the original
2227:
2218:
2210:
1979:
1931:
1823:Multilateral
1704:Multilateral
1559:
1548:
1545:
1509:Paul Krugman
1502:
1498:
1490:
1477:
1474:
1467:
1459:
1457:
1443:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1427:
1412:
1361:
1352:Donald Trump
1345:
1330:
1319:
1306:
1302:
1300:
1289:
1283:
1279:
1264:
1241:
1230:
1226:
1201:brought the
1195:World War II
1172:
1168:
1148:trade policy
1143:
1124:Trade policy
1115:
1100:
1085:
1050:
1041:
1033:
1004:
920:
917:Introduction
901:. After the
896:
867:
866:
687:
601:Currency war
520:Fiscal union
409:Mercantilism
307:Restrictions
185:
166:
148:
139:
120:
92:
84:
60:
53:
47:
46:Please help
43:
26:
6737:Immigration
6719:Gun control
6597:Middle East
6527:Solid waste
6330:New Freedom
6325:Square Deal
6302:Vaccination
6116:Immigration
6047:LGBT rights
5949:Food safety
5784:Video games
5377:Wall Street
5357:Public debt
5260:Agriculture
5196:nationalism
4908:Uniform act
4830:Legislative
4737:Territorial
4695:Coast Guard
4690:Space Force
4440:Legislative
4235:Red (South)
4225:Mississippi
4147:New England
4083:Appalachian
4053:Earthquakes
3950:Discoveries
3945:Demographic
3887:Vietnam War
3830:World War I
3825:Imperialism
3775:Indian Wars
3750:War of 1812
3315:19 CFR
3299:February 3,
3272:February 3,
3242:February 3,
2806:February 4,
2645:. Penguin.
2570:www.cbo.gov
1794:New Zealand
1695:South Korea
1368:Puerto Rico
1181:signed the
1175:supply side
1092:Confederacy
1086:During the
951:mineral oil
939:mineral oil
606:Trade costs
568:Outsourcing
284:Trade route
197:World trade
142:August 2013
6690:G. W. Bush
6645:Eisenhower
6537:G. W. Bush
6484:Smart grid
6467:Hydropower
6430:G. W. Bush
6364:G. W. Bush
6150:Xenophobia
5939:Disability
5880:Healthcare
5789:Visual art
5734:Philosophy
5680:television
5670:newspapers
5660:journalism
5650:Literature
5562:attainment
5213:Republican
5208:Democratic
5181:Ideologies
5142:Corruption
4707:NOAA Corps
4630:preemption
4625:federalism
4240:Rio Grande
4142:Midwestern
4122:West Coast
4117:East Coast
3960:Inventions
3872:Space Race
3867:Korean War
3850:home front
3785:Gilded Age
3477:October 4,
3452:October 4,
2886:October 4,
2856:October 4,
2846:Census.gov
2780:October 4,
2770:Census.gov
2750:October 4,
2740:Census.gov
2602:October 4,
2238:October 4,
2176:References
2149:Trade wars
2000:See also:
1968:had taken
1894:Defunct or
1789:Mozambique
1267:economists
1028:See also:
983:aeroplanes
955:lubricants
935:industrial
671:By country
578:Fair trade
424:Free trade
374:Safeguards
249:Trade bloc
244:Trade pact
95:March 2018
49:improve it
6844:Stem cell
6592:Criticism
6340:Fair Deal
6272:Fireworks
6267:Education
6133:Terrorism
5910:Rationing
5807:Affluence
5754:Sexuality
5722:Uncle Sam
5628:Languages
5557:Education
5500:affluence
5460:Americana
5387:Transport
5285:Insurance
5275:Companies
5255:By sector
5147:Elections
4788:Treasurer
4746:Executive
4685:Air Force
4657:Uniformed
4480:President
4297:Executive
4068:Mountains
4001:Territory
3989:Geography
3813:1954–1968
3808:1896–1954
3803:1865–1896
3765:Civil War
3606:1991–2008
3601:1980–1991
3596:1964–1980
3591:1945–1964
3586:1917–1945
3581:1865–1917
3576:1849–1865
3571:1815–1849
3566:1789–1815
3561:1776–1789
3554:By period
2967:TRADE MAP
2680:USA Today
2511:March 30,
2403:March 15,
2311:1094-2939
1950:computers
1849:Suspended
1784:Mauritius
1764:Indonesia
1742:Bilateral
1690:Singapore
1640:Australia
1633:Bilateral
1362:The main
1348:trade war
1326:Hu Jintao
1088:Civil War
991:computers
957:, steel,
943:Machinery
693:Argentina
611:Trade war
553:Smuggling
239:Trade law
55:talk page
6919:Category
6392:Monetary
6384:Economic
6335:New Deal
6317:Domestic
6282:Taxation
6257:Cultural
6189:Category
5885:Abortion
5749:Religion
5707:Columbia
5665:internet
5601:Holidays
5596:Folklore
5567:literacy
5505:eviction
5395:Aviation
5367:Taxation
5322:Currency
5315:by state
5225:Scandals
5095:Township
4853:Judicial
4754:Governor
4517:Judicial
4403:Marshals
4276:Politics
4230:Missouri
4220:Columbia
4215:Colorado
4210:Arkansas
4203:Longest
4182:Southern
4167:Northern
4011:counties
3965:Military
3955:Economic
3933:By topic
3912:Iraq War
3862:Cold War
3620:By event
3421:Archived
3403:June 28,
3370:Archived
3344:Archived
3293:Archived
3266:Archived
3236:Archived
3204:Archived
3179:Archived
3154:Archived
3133:Archived
3108:Archived
3083:Archived
3062:Archived
3037:Archived
3016:Archived
2992:Archived
2947:March 8,
2941:Archived
2911:archived
2880:Archived
2850:Archived
2824:Archived
2774:Archived
2744:Archived
2720:Archived
2696:Archived
2673:Archived
2621:Archived
2596:Archived
2530:Archived
2485:Archived
2482:in JSTOR
2429:Archived
2367:Archived
2342:July 24,
2333:Archived
2268:March 3,
2262:Archived
2204:Archived
2097:See also
1874:Thailand
1779:Malaysia
1735:Proposed
1655:Colombia
1626:Existing
1211:floating
1185:and the
1158:and the
1044:Congress
698:Pakistan
188:a series
186:Part of
6839:Genetic
6831:Science
6727:Clinton
6685:Clinton
6650:Kennedy
6587:History
6579:Foreign
6425:Clinton
6397:history
6173:Outline
6121:illegal
6106:Smoking
5969:Obesity
5852:Poverty
5774:Theater
5764:Society
5618:Housing
5579:Fashion
5535:poverty
5480:Cuisine
5452:Culture
5439:Society
5400:Driving
5327:Exports
5305:Tourism
5265:Banking
5243:Economy
5203:Parties
5047:Charter
5011:Sheriff
4458:Speaker
4326:Cabinet
4289:Federal
4197:Western
4162:Eastern
4157:Central
4152:Pacific
4112:Regions
4063:Islands
3546:History
3129:Fortune
2228:Cia.gov
2159:Mergers
1934:Russian
1896:expired
1814:Uruguay
1754:Ecuador
1670:Morocco
1645:Bahrain
1307:Fortune
1065:imports
1057:tariffs
1010:History
876:exports
872:imports
708:Vietnam
703:Romania
648:Tariffs
643:Exports
638:Imports
402:History
369:Embargo
359:Bribery
319:Tariffs
128:Please
85:updated
6854:Social
6675:Reagan
6670:Carter
6640:Truman
6630:Hoover
6625:Wilson
6459:Energy
6420:Reagan
6359:Reagan
6277:Fiscal
6252:Arctic
6194:Portal
6101:Hunger
6052:racism
5993:Issues
5867:Health
5769:Sports
5729:People
5574:Family
5545:wealth
5470:Cinema
5295:Mining
5280:Energy
5025:Cities
4993:County
4927:Tribal
4465:Senate
4309:powers
4205:rivers
4078:ranges
4046:states
3970:Postal
3175:Reason
2649:
2309:
2016:, and
1962:Canada
1946:liquor
1942:lasers
1904:Canada
1799:Taiwan
1774:Kuwait
1749:Brazil
1680:Panama
1665:Jordan
1660:Israel
1539:
1533:
1463:(NIIP)
1216:. The
1197:, the
1160:export
1152:import
1096:cotton
1069:export
1022:, and
997:, and
971:export
967:coffee
927:Europe
725:Theory
542:Issues
229:Export
224:Import
217:Policy
6900:Biden
6895:Trump
6890:Obama
6882:Space
6872:Biden
6867:Trump
6862:Obama
6821:Obama
6816:Nixon
6811:Grant
6793:Biden
6788:Trump
6766:Biden
6761:Trump
6705:Biden
6700:Trump
6695:Obama
6660:Nixon
6602:Obama
6565:Biden
6560:Trump
6555:Obama
6505:Trump
6500:Obama
6445:Biden
6440:Trump
6435:Obama
6415:Nixon
6374:Trump
6369:Obama
6292:Trade
6180:Index
6005:Crime
5875:Aging
5692:Names
5687:Music
5675:radio
5655:Media
5485:Dance
5475:Crime
5310:Trade
5067:Mayor
5016:Clerk
4984:Local
4726:State
4245:Yukon
4088:Rocky
4073:peaks
3427:from
2432:(PDF)
2425:(PDF)
2336:(PDF)
2329:(PDF)
1862:Qatar
1769:Kenya
1759:Ghana
1650:Chile
1470:trade
995:paper
975:wheat
963:sugar
923:trade
713:India
631:Lists
6665:Ford
6307:Visa
6262:Drug
5744:Race
5589:list
5584:Flag
5123:list
4967:list
4878:list
4818:list
4771:list
4759:list
4735:and
4680:Navy
4670:Army
4540:list
4252:Time
4132:Gulf
3479:2017
3454:2017
3405:2009
3378:2008
3352:2008
3301:2024
3274:2024
3244:2024
3212:2022
3187:2022
3162:2022
3141:2022
3116:2022
3091:2022
3070:2022
3045:2022
3024:2022
3000:2022
2949:2019
2919:2017
2888:2017
2858:2017
2808:2013
2782:2017
2752:2017
2647:ISBN
2604:2017
2513:2009
2440:2018
2405:2018
2344:2008
2307:ISSN
2270:2022
2240:2017
1958:WWII
1685:Peru
1675:Oman
1507:and
1437:ITAR
1392:Guam
1193:and
1042:The
987:cars
979:corn
947:toys
931:Asia
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