553:
509:
520:
545:
77:
64:
3241:
857:
902:
817:, temporarily stopped producing the jellies after a 21-month-old Japanese boy choked to death on a frozen MannanLife konjac jelly. 17 people died from choking on konjac between 1995 and 2008. MannanLife konjac jelly's packaging added a note to consumers, advising them to cut the product into smaller pieces before serving it to small children.
798:, konjac fruit jelly does not melt readily in the mouth. Some products form a gel strong enough to require chewing to disintegrate the gel. Though the product is intended to be eaten by gently squeezing the container, a consumer can suck the product out with enough force to unintentionally lodge it in the trachea. Because of this hazard, the
531:
809:
Some konjac jelly snacks are not of a size and consistency that pose a choking risk, but are nonetheless affected by the government bans. Some products that remain in East Asian markets have an increased size, unusual shape, and more delicate consistency than the round, plug-like gels that were
864:
Konjac can also be used for facial massage accessories, which are popular in Korea and gaining popularity in the West. Most commonly this is through the use of a konjac sponge, which is unique in that it can be used on sensitive skin that may become easily irritated with more common
1384:
645:
is a
Japanese food consisting of konjac cut into noodle-like strips. It is usually sold in plastic bags with accompanying water, which is drained before cooking. The name literally means 'thread-konjac'.
824:, choked on a piece of konjac gel candy. She lapsed into a coma and died 27 months later at age 11. The Enriles won a $ 16.7 million judgment against the Taiwanese manufacturer of the candy.
787:(FDA) issued product warnings in 2001, and there were subsequent recalls in the US and Canada. Choking and intestinal blockage risk warnings have been published at more recent websites.
663:
is often added for the characteristic dark color and flavor. Without additives for color, konjac is white. It is then boiled and cooled to solidify. Konjac made in noodle form is called
1732:
810:
associated with the choking incidents. The snacks usually have warning labels advising parents to make sure their children chew the jelly thoroughly before swallowing.
3438:
1392:
3477:
3619:
1341:"Draft Commission Decision (SANCO/362/2002) suspending the placing on the market and import of jelly confectionery containing food additive E 425 Konjac"
1217:
Chua, M; Baldwin, TC; Hocking, TJ; Chan, K (24 March 2010). "Traditional uses and potential health benefits of
Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch ex N.E.Br".
731:, konjac is mainly grown in An Giang province. The corms are collected and processed into flour. The flour is used to make drinks, cakes, and noodles.
1301:"Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 95/2/EC as regards the conditions of use for a food additive E 425 konjac"
844:
versions of seafood. For
Chinese cooking, thin strands of konjac gel can be used as substitute for shark fins when preparing a plant-based version of
3386:
3221:
1340:
3451:
3399:
1138:
3529:
1362:
619:. It is typically mottled grey and firmer in consistency than most gelatins. It has very little flavor; the common variety tastes vaguely like
3170:
1725:
1590:
1072:
985:
3143:
1385:"Product Safety Australia for Triko Fibrous Fruit Jelly describing that 'Jelly cups containing konjac are permanently banned in Australia'"
883:
In traditional hand papermaking in Japan, konnyaku imparts strength to paper for dyeing, rubbing, folding—and other manipulations, such as
500:
Wild forms grow naturally in China and
Southeast Asia. Konjac has been used in Japan since the 6th century, as a supposed medicinal food.
1300:
1461:
1431:
31:
1551:
3664:
3629:
3049:
468:, it is cooked and consumed primarily in China, Japan and Korea. The two basic types of cake are white and black. Noodles made from
354:
1524:
1254:
3158:
2286:
1718:
1491:
3425:
623:, usually with a slightly oceanic taste and smell (from the seaweed powder added to it, though some forms omit the seaweed).
449:, growing from a large corm up to 25 cm (10 in) in diameter. The single leaf is up to 1.3 m (4 ft) across,
3469:
3456:
76:
3644:
2650:
1219:
784:
756:
414:
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3624:
3555:
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3669:
552:
1056:
3547:
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2458:
1703:
1529:
519:
508:
42:
3378:
3365:
3360:
3261:
3075:
1699:
1406:
1255:"FDA issues a second warning and an import alert about konjac mini-cup gel candies that pose choking risk"
1088:
780:
427:
419:
3313:
3654:
2962:
2925:
1786:
1370:
1348:
1311:
180:
3404:
3659:
3334:
3153:
2990:
2917:
1149:
821:
196:
880:-targeting drug delivery systems (OCDDS), which enable drugs to be delivered directly to the colon.
3508:
3503:
2552:
2077:
1940:
1276:
1001:
3095:
1026:
767:
Konjac can also be made into a popular East Asian fruit jelly snack, known variously in the US as
3591:
3534:
1910:
1633:
1122:
381:
204:
71:
3085:
3080:
975:
3443:
1192:
544:
464:
The food made from the corm of this plant is also widely known in
English by its Japanese name
3490:
3321:
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2820:
2757:
1962:
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1315:
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1920:
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1870:
1741:
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1439:
1228:
841:
691:
606:
594:
441:
areas of East and
Southeast Asia, from China and Japan south to Indonesia and Vietnam (USDA
301:
3065:
63:
1935:
1559:
1063:. In Sharma, Harish K.; Njintang, Nicolas Y.; Singhal, Rekha S.; Kaushal, Pragati (eds.).
877:
783:
among children and elderly people caused by suffocation while eating konjac candy, the US
771:
cups (after a typical flavor) or konjac candy, usually served in bite-sized plastic cups.
579:
480:
458:
446:
114:
3070:
2360:
1262:
3516:
2985:
2790:
2315:
1989:
1950:
1945:
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1769:
939:
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Shirataki noodles have gained popularity in the US for their low carbohydrate content.
845:
799:
748:
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157:
101:
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2300:
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1972:
1838:
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2420:
1649:
1525:"Candymaker liable in girl's death / Jury awards choking victim's family millions"
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3293:
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2206:
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2132:
2067:
2034:
1801:
1774:
1496:
1261:. No. 1–17. US Food and Drug Administration. 5 October 2001. Archived from
907:
866:
832:
Konjac corm powder has a noticeably fishy smell and is used as an ingredient in
744:
696:
434:
137:
1583:
Phoenix Claws and Jade Trees: Essential
Techniques of Authentic Chinese Cooking
3206:
3201:
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2013:
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2001:
803:
752:
654:
627:
564:
450:
3573:
2365:
1806:
1657:
1240:
856:
779:
Perhaps because of several highly publicized deaths and near-deaths in the
675:
1710:
570:
Konjac is grown in East and
Southeast Asia and it is prized for its large
3568:
3278:
3211:
3022:
3002:
2935:
2835:
2741:
2682:
2672:
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2513:
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2246:
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2164:
2072:
2046:
2008:
1984:
1955:
1915:
1821:
1816:
1811:
884:
791:
438:
1174:
1148:. Japan: Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Archived from
3391:
3196:
3191:
3112:
3090:
3012:
2867:
2862:
2810:
2731:
2726:
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683:
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147:
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2709:
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2493:
2488:
2463:
2435:
2408:
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2251:
2159:
2154:
1831:
1791:
1067:. West Sussex, England, UK: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 591–606.
870:
768:
659:
571:
536:
454:
377:
38:
3255:
1277:"Glucomannan: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Dosage, and Warning"
876:
It can be used in the formulation of drugs and devices such as oral
530:
453:, and divided into numerous leaflets. The flowers are produced on a
3352:
3216:
3007:
2970:
2942:
2907:
2902:
2877:
2827:
2677:
2640:
2333:
2112:
2096:
2062:
1925:
1892:
1865:
1843:
855:
833:
593:
In Japan, over 90% of all domestically produced konjac is made in
583:
575:
551:
543:
529:
518:
507:
485:
88:
3430:
3339:
3122:
3032:
3017:
2947:
2912:
2413:
2398:
2199:
2184:
1996:
1977:
1967:
1175:"How to make konjac foods (shirataki noodles or konyaku) myself"
1065:
Tropical Roots and Tubers: Production, Processing and
Technology
740:
706:'demonic taro'), and the jelly is called "konjac tofu" (
615:
560:
478:. The corm of the konjac is often colloquially referred to as a
385:
3259:
1714:
1413:. Australian Competition & Consumer Commission. 2015-11-30
980:. Westport, Connecticut, USA: Greenwood Press. p. 92.
1634:"Konjac glucomannan, a promising polysaccharide for OCDDS"
426:), one of the largest flowering plants in the world and a
340:
334:
310:
343:
319:
316:
1347:. UK Food Standards Agency. 8 March 2002. Archived from
1672:"Wet Strength: The Use of Konnyaku in Hand Papermaking"
1632:
Zhang, Cui; Chen, Ji-da; Yang, Feng-qing (April 2014).
1369:. UK Food Standards Agency. 8 July 2003. Archived from
1030:
1468:. The Yomiuri Shimbun. October 9, 2008. Archived from
1438:. The Yomiuri Shimbun. October 5, 2008. Archived from
355:
346:
337:
331:
322:
313:
307:
30:"Devil's tongue" redirects here. For other uses, see
3268:
3179:
3131:
3048:
2781:
2750:
2612:
2545:
2529:
2446:
2391:
2384:
2326:
2282:
2095:
2055:
2022:
1901:
1755:
1748:
328:
304:
1393:Australian Competition & Consumer Commission
1113:
813:Japan's largest manufacturer of konjac snacks,
631:
1120:
653:is made by mixing konjac flour with water and
638:
1726:
1055:Ray, Ramesh C.; Behera, Sudhanshu S. (2016).
716:
707:
8:
1432:"Govt slow to act following konnyaku deaths"
701:
3256:
2388:
1752:
1733:
1719:
1711:
1700:" Multilingual taxonomic information"
1585:. New York: Clarkson Potter. p. 278.
62:
49:
1462:"Sales of konnyaku jelly to be suspended"
1363:"Mini fruit gel sweets containing konjac"
820:In 1999, 8-year-old Michelle Enrile from
1608:"Banning Shark Fins from Shark Fin Soup"
743:of the konjac plant contains around 40%
969:
967:
965:
931:
682:Konjac is consumed in parts of China's
582:of the same name. It is also used as a
1050:
1048:
840:products. It can be incorporated into
526:male (top) and female (bottom) flowers
974:Evans, Toshie M. (1997). "konnyaku".
7:
860:A konjac sponge for facial cleansing
626:In Japan, it is valued more for its
461:up to 55 cm (22 in) long.
1492:"Food maker pulls 'konyaku' sweets"
1407:"Mini jelly cups containing konjac"
1089:"Cooking 101—Konnyaku De-Mystified"
548:Konjac corm used for preparing food
412:(though this name is also used for
1523:Rubenstein, Steve (May 13, 2003).
977:A Dictionary of Japanese Loanwords
25:
3620:Amorphophallus subg. Scutrandrium
1500:. October 9, 2008. Archived from
717:
708:
563:-based dipping sauce rather than
3240:
3239:
900:
559:konnyaku, usually served with a
376:, a vegetable species native to
300:
75:
3548:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:84377-1
1558:. March 3, 2015. Archived from
32:Devil's tongue (disambiguation)
1552:"Wake up and Smell the Konjac"
1061:: Technological Interventions"
950:. World Flora Consortium. 2022
755:substance that may be used in
484:, though it is not related to
1:
3171:Sushi and sashimi ingredients
1650:10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.12.081
794:and some other commonly used
686:province; the corm is called
1220:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
785:Food and Drug Administration
757:traditional Chinese medicine
613:) appears in dishes such as
271:(Durand ex Carrière) Hook.f.
1193:"Mùa củ huyền vùng Bảy Núi"
1114:
806:banned konjac fruit jelly.
632:
418:). It is a relative of the
279:(Durand ex Carrière) Baill.
3691:
1606:Kho, Kian (July 1, 2010).
669:and used in foods such as
534:Japanese konjac gel, with
457:enclosed by a dark purple
263:(Durand ex Carrière) Engl.
36:
29:
3235:
1233:10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.021
1121:
828:Vegan seafood alternative
695:
639:
433:It is cultivated in warm
210:
203:
186:
179:
72:Scientific classification
70:
61:
52:
3665:Plants described in 1858
3630:Edible thickening agents
1676:papermakingresources.com
574:corms, used to create a
268:Proteinophallus rivierei
37:Not to be confused with
1742:Japanese food and drink
1704:University of Melbourne
1530:San Francisco Chronicle
1027:"Amorphophallus Konjac"
276:Tapeinophallus rivierei
228:Amorphophallus rivierei
43:Konyak (disambiguation)
1006:National Taiwan Museum
861:
781:San Francisco Bay Area
567:
549:
541:
527:
516:
388:. It is also known as
3509:Amorphophallus konjac
3300:Amorphophallus konjac
3270:Amorphophallus konjac
3222:Customs and etiquette
1638:Carbohydrate Polymers
1312:Food Standards Agency
942:Amorphophallus konjac
859:
751:makes konjac jelly a
555:
547:
533:
524:Amorphophallus konjac
522:
513:Amorphophallus konjac
511:
373:Amorphophallus konjac
214:Amorphophallus mairei
190:Amorphophallus konjac
56:Amorphophallus konjac
27:Amorphophallus konjac
18:Amorphophallus konjac
1411:productsafety.gov.au
1389:productsafety.gov.au
822:San Jose, California
735:Traditional medicine
715:) or "snow konjac" (
384:which has an edible
370:are common names of
252:Conophallus konniaku
220:Amorphophallus nanus
3645:Japanese condiments
3144:Desserts and sweets
1562:on January 21, 2019
1504:on October 15, 2012
1472:on October 10, 2008
1155:on 27 December 2021
504:Cultivation and use
236:Brachyspatha konjac
223:H.Li & C.L.Long
3635:E-number additives
3625:Chinese condiments
2392:Alcoholic beverage
1581:Kho, Kian (2015).
1442:on October 8, 2008
1093:Hints for the Home
948:World Flora Online
862:
568:
550:
542:
528:
517:
244:Conophallus konjak
231:Durand ex Carrière
3607:
3606:
3491:Open Tree of Life
3262:Taxon identifiers
3253:
3252:
2841:Mentaiko / tarako
2758:Square watermelon
2608:
2607:
2091:
2090:
1592:978-0-385-34469-2
1395:. 5 October 2017.
1074:978-1-118-99269-2
1033:on 21 August 2014
987:978-0-313-28741-1
921:Shirataki noodles
704:
286:
285:
260:Hydrosme rivierei
16:(Redirected from
3682:
3650:Medicinal plants
3640:Jams and jellies
3600:
3599:
3587:
3586:
3577:
3576:
3564:
3563:
3551:
3550:
3538:
3537:
3525:
3524:
3512:
3511:
3499:
3498:
3486:
3485:
3473:
3472:
3460:
3459:
3447:
3446:
3434:
3433:
3421:
3420:
3408:
3407:
3395:
3394:
3382:
3381:
3369:
3368:
3356:
3355:
3343:
3342:
3330:
3329:
3317:
3316:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3257:
3243:
3242:
3227:Okinawan cuisine
2631:Botan Rice Candy
2389:
2319:
1753:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1712:
1707:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1320:
1314:. Archived from
1305:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1154:
1143:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1052:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1029:. Archived from
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
998:
992:
991:
971:
960:
959:
957:
955:
936:
910:
905:
904:
873:or washcloths).
720:
719:
711:
710:
705:
702:
699:
644:
642:
641:
635:
607:Japanese cuisine
595:Gunma Prefecture
540:seaweed mixed in
415:A. paeoniifolius
362:
358:
353:
352:
349:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
333:
330:
325:
324:
321:
318:
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312:
309:
306:
299:
280:
272:
264:
256:
248:
240:
232:
224:
192:
80:
79:
66:
50:
21:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3675:Sichuan cuisine
3670:Root vegetables
3610:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3595:
3590:
3582:
3580:
3572:
3567:
3559:
3554:
3546:
3541:
3533:
3528:
3520:
3515:
3507:
3502:
3494:
3489:
3481:
3476:
3468:
3463:
3455:
3450:
3442:
3437:
3429:
3424:
3416:
3411:
3403:
3398:
3390:
3385:
3377:
3372:
3364:
3359:
3351:
3346:
3338:
3333:
3325:
3320:
3312:
3307:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3264:
3254:
3249:
3231:
3175:
3159:Soups and stews
3127:
3044:
2783:
2777:
2746:
2616:
2614:
2604:
2541:
2525:
2442:
2380:
2322:
2313:
2284:
2278:
2087:
2051:
2018:
1897:
1744:
1739:
1698:
1695:
1690:
1680:
1678:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1535:
1533:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1475:
1473:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1445:
1443:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1416:
1414:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1285:
1283:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1265:on 12 May 2009.
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1139:"こんにゃくをめぐる事情"
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102:Tracheophytes
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51:
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33:
19:
3655:Natural gums
3269:
3086:Nakiri bōchō
3081:Maguro bōchō
2882:
2801:Bamboo shoot
2773:Shine Muscat
2595:Pocari Sweat
2361:Honzen-ryōri
2301:Kenchin-jiru
2190:Onsen tamago
1973:Okinawa soba
1839:Hayashi rice
1679:. Retrieved
1675:
1666:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1615:. Retrieved
1611:
1601:
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1564:. Retrieved
1560:the original
1555:
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1534:. Retrieved
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1502:the original
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1470:the original
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1440:the original
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1371:the original
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1349:the original
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1316:the original
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1258:
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1150:the original
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1097:. Retrieved
1092:
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1035:. Retrieved
1031:the original
1021:
1010:. Retrieved
1008:. 2017-11-06
1005:
1002:"Titan Arum"
996:
976:
952:. Retrieved
947:
941:
934:
889:
882:
875:
863:
836:alternative
831:
819:
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789:
778:
775:Choking risk
766:
738:
726:
721:
712:
687:
681:
674:
670:
665:
658:
650:
648:
633:Ito konnyaku
625:
614:
610:
604:
592:
569:
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523:
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432:
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410:elephant yam
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121:
108:
95:
55:
47:
3660:Papermaking
3413:iNaturalist
3294:Wikispecies
3101:Usuba bōchō
3058:Rice cooker
2873:Katsuobushi
2763:Yubari King
2737:Warabimochi
2703:Zunda-mochi
2530:Soft drinks
2500:Herbal tea
2314: [
2207:Shabu-shabu
2145:Chawanmushi
2133:Satsuma-age
2035:Okonomiyaki
1876:Sustainable
1775:Katsu curry
1644:: 175–181.
1617:February 9,
1566:February 9,
1497:Japan Times
1367:food.gov.uk
1345:food.gov.uk
1308:food.gov.uk
1115:Honzō Wamyō
1099:February 9,
954:17 December
908:Food portal
867:exfoliating
842:plant-based
763:Fruit jelly
745:glucomannan
472:are called
435:subtropical
430:of konjac.
402:voodoo lily
138:Alismatales
115:Angiosperms
3614:Categories
3517:Plant List
3207:Tokusanhin
3202:Teppanyaki
3139:Condiments
3066:Deba bōchō
3038:Yuzu koshō
2998:Sesame oil
2922:Mushrooms
2898:Mayonnaise
2821:Sakurajima
2806:Beni shōga
2784:condiments
2768:Ruby Roman
2688:Goheimochi
2590:Oronamin C
2558:C.C. Lemon
2354:Wappameshi
2349:Makunouchi
2222:Tamagoyaki
2128:Kushikatsu
2078:Milk bread
1946:Tantan-men
1827:Tenshindon
1536:October 4,
1417:2019-10-05
1286:2019-08-28
1203:2021-12-29
1146:maff.go.jp
1012:2024-08-19
927:References
852:Other uses
815:MannanLife
747:gum. This
739:The dried
713:móyù dòufu
609:, konjac (
424:A. titanum
420:titan arum
406:snake palm
3379:242302696
3366:242302696
3118:Suribachi
3106:Yanagi ba
2953:Sake kasu
2931:Matsutake
2926:Enokitake
2888:Kuromitsu
2698:Kuzumochi
2615:desserts/
2585:Lipovitan
2514:Kombu-cha
2504:Genmaicha
2454:Green tea
2385:Beverages
2306:Miso soup
2287:Shirumono
2259:Tsukudani
2242:Tsukemono
2227:Tokoroten
2200:Fugusashi
2040:Hirayachi
2030:Monjayaki
1963:Shirataki
1936:Kagoshima
1782:Glutinous
1556:Slim Rice
1508:April 24,
1476:April 24,
1446:April 24,
1281:webmd.com
1037:20 August
804:Australia
666:shirataki
655:limewater
649:Japanese
601:East Asia
565:soy sauce
475:shirataki
451:bipinnate
298:English:
166:Species:
85:Kingdom:
3574:50314098
3569:Tropicos
3522:kew-8190
3444:11325430
3279:Wikidata
3245:Category
3212:Teriyaki
3050:Utensils
3023:Umeboshi
3003:Shichimi
2986:Tonkatsu
2936:Shiitake
2883:Konnyaku
2836:Kamaboko
2683:Agemochi
2668:Konpeitō
2658:Dorayaki
2626:Amanattō
2613:Snacks /
2553:Aquarius
2546:Products
2344:Kyaraben
2327:Set menu
2296:Butajiru
2274:Yakitori
2269:Yakiniku
2247:Nukazuke
2232:Tonkatsu
2217:Sukiyaki
2212:Shiokara
2180:Nikujaga
2165:Nabemono
2109:Agemono
2073:Melonpan
2047:Takoyaki
2023:Konamono
2009:Yakisoba
2002:Yakiudon
1956:Tsukemen
1951:Tonkotsu
1916:Hiyamugi
1911:Harusame
1888:Takikomi
1822:Tekkadon
1817:Oyakodon
1812:Katsudon
1802:Chūkadon
1749:Shushoku
1681:30 March
1658:24607175
1612:Red Cook
1259:FDA News
1241:20079822
944:K. Koch"
894:See also
885:momigami
792:gelatine
722:xuě móyù
671:sukiyaki
651:konnyaku
611:konnyaku
515:in bloom
470:konnyaku
466:konnyaku
439:tropical
428:congener
368:konnyaku
205:Synonyms
144:Family:
128:Monocots
3496:1049804
3465:MoBotPF
3431:84377-1
3392:2871520
3340:1098904
3285:Q674443
3197:Omakase
3192:Kaiseki
3180:Related
3113:Shamoji
3091:Santoku
3076:Kitchen
3062:Knives
3013:Tenkasu
2868:Karashi
2863:Kanzuri
2811:Burdock
2727:Taiyaki
2722:Shiruko
2693:Kankoro
2663:Karukan
2636:Daifuku
2618:Wagashi
2578:Georgia
2519:Mugicha
2509:Sobacha
2484:Kukicha
2474:Hōjicha
2469:Gyokuro
2459:History
2431:Habushu
2426:Awamori
2404:Amazake
2371:Kaiseki
2311:Suimono
2264:Tsukune
2195:Sashimi
2138:Tempura
2123:Korokke
2118:Karaage
1931:Champon
1903:Noodles
1883:Sekihan
1871:History
1861:Omurice
1854:Tenmusu
1849:Onigiri
1797:Donmono
1325:8 April
871:loofahs
838:seafood
790:Unlike
753:viscous
729:Vietnam
692:Chinese
684:Sichuan
628:texture
588:gelatin
572:starchy
557:Sashimi
496:History
390:konjaku
366:) and
197:K. Koch
154:Genus:
148:Araceae
134:Order:
89:Plantae
3584:477513
3581:uBio:
3561:133125
3530:PLANTS
3470:276204
3457:506751
3418:126233
3314:417511
3187:Chinmi
3166:Snacks
3149:Dishes
3028:Wasabi
2967:Sauce
2963:Sansyō
2893:Kuzuko
2858:Hijiki
2851:Tobiko
2846:Surimi
2816:Daikon
2796:Aonori
2751:Fruits
2710:Senbei
2646:Chichi
2600:Yakult
2563:Calpis
2537:Ramune
2494:Sencha
2489:Matcha
2479:Kabuse
2464:Bancha
2436:Umeshu
2421:Shōchū
2409:Nigori
2376:Osechi
2366:Jūbako
2339:Ekiben
2252:Takuan
2237:Tororo
2170:Namasu
2160:Kakuni
2083:Yudane
1832:Unadon
1807:Gyūdon
1765:Chahan
1656:
1589:
1239:
1159:8 June
1071:
984:
769:lychee
694::
676:gyūdon
660:Hijiki
537:hijiki
486:tubers
459:spadix
455:spathe
378:Yunnan
359:-yak,
293:konjak
289:Konjac
247:Schott
216:H.Lév.
53:Konjac
39:cognac
3535:AMKO2
3483:78372
3439:IRMNG
3353:AMURK
3217:Umami
3154:Ramen
3132:Lists
3071:Gyuto
3008:Shiso
2971:Ponzu
2958:Panko
2943:Myoga
2908:Mirin
2903:Menma
2878:Kombu
2832:Fish
2828:Dashi
2742:Yōkan
2715:Arare
2678:Mochi
2673:Manjū
2641:Dango
2334:Bento
2318:]
2175:Nattō
2155:Gyōza
2113:Furai
2097:Okazu
2068:Curry
2063:Anpan
2056:Bread
1990:Salad
1985:Sōmen
1926:Ramen
1893:Zosui
1866:Sushi
1844:Okowa
1770:Curry
1319:(PDF)
1310:. UK
1304:(PDF)
1153:(PDF)
1142:(PDF)
1057:"13:
878:colon
834:vegan
584:vegan
580:jelly
576:flour
408:, or
122:Clade
109:Clade
96:Clade
3543:POWO
3504:PfaF
3478:NCBI
3452:ITIS
3426:IPNI
3405:2948
3400:GRIN
3387:GBIF
3348:EPPO
3327:CXFY
3309:BOLD
3123:Zaru
3033:Yuzu
3018:Tofu
2981:Tare
2948:Nori
2913:Miso
2791:Anko
2732:Uirō
2651:Kibi
2573:Boss
2414:Toso
2399:Sake
2283:Soup
2185:Oden
2150:Gari
2014:Hōtō
1997:Udon
1978:Soki
1968:Soba
1792:Kayu
1757:Rice
1683:2017
1654:PMID
1619:2021
1587:ISBN
1568:2021
1538:2021
1510:2024
1478:2024
1448:2024
1327:2018
1237:PMID
1161:2022
1123:本草和名
1101:2021
1069:ISBN
1039:2014
982:ISBN
956:2022
802:and
741:corm
709:魔芋豆腐
703:lit.
688:moyu
673:and
621:salt
616:oden
578:and
561:miso
386:corm
363:-jak
291:(or
3592:WFO
3556:RHS
3374:FoC
3361:FNA
3335:EoL
3322:CoL
2976:Soy
2918:MSG
2447:Tea
1646:doi
1642:104
1229:doi
1225:128
916:Muk
727:In
724:).
718:雪魔芋
640:糸蒟蒻
605:In
481:yam
437:to
380:in
361:KON
357:KON
41:or
3616::
3594::
3571::
3558::
3545::
3532::
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3506::
3493::
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3296::
3281::
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697:魔芋
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