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of coasts, harbors and countryside with views of the city, together with still life and portrait. The Dutch women chose almost exclusively still life and portrait. The style and subject of each group reflect the time and context in which they worked, which is in a way the essence of impressionism.
78:
in a separate class for female students. Around them, a group of young women, mostly fellow-students, came together to found a circle. The purpose was to exchange experiences as women who wanted to become professional artists. They had weekly meetings at the residence of
180:, a prestigious recognition for young artists. In 1907, members of the group participated in an exhibition of international masters in the Stedelijk Museum. In 1910, Ritsema won the bronze medal at the
184:. At that time, the young women were established artists. In 1919, Ansingh and Ritsema became the first female board members with voting rights of the Arti and Amicitiae artist association.
204:
from 1900. The novel carried illustrations by
Ansingh. The name stuck, not in the least because the artists themselves, already approaching their 40´s, used it frequently. The word
172:
In the first decade of the 20th century, the members of the circle were regularly present at the annual art exhibits of artist societies in
Amsterdam. In 1905 Ansing, Ritsema and
843:
De kunst van het beschutte bestaan: vijf schilderessen aan het begin van deze eeuw: Thérèse
Schwartze, Betzy Rezora Berg, Jacoba van Heemskerck, Ans van den Berg, Betsy Osieck
311:
Therese. The influence of host and mentor
Theresa Schwartz is also often recognized. Although Suze Robertson is sometimes named as one of the Joffers, she is not one of them.
307:
Ansingh, Ritsema, van den Berg, Bauer-Stumpff, Bodenheim, Westendorp-Osieck, Surie and van
Regteren-Altena. Other analysts often include also Robertson and Ansingh´s sister,
836:
De
Amsterdamse Joffers: Marie E. van Regteren Altena, Ans van den Berg, Jo Bauer-Stumpff, Nelly Bodenheim, Lizzy Ansingh, Coba Ritsema, Coba Surie, Betsi Westendorp-Osieck.
763:
De
Amsterdamse Joffers: Maria E. van Regteren Altena, Ans van den Berg, Jo Bauer-Stumpff, Nelly Bodenheim, Lizzy Ansingh, Coba Ritsema, Coba Surie, Betsie Westendorp-Osieck
21:
980:
45:. Each one became a successful artist. As a group they contributed to the social acceptance in the Netherlands of women becoming professional artists.
53:
37:
at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. They supported each other in their professional careers. Most of them were students of the
904:
86:
They came from wealthy and artistic families, and did not depend on painting for their livelihoods. Almost all of them were students of the
403:
38:
970:
458:
513:
1905 Lizzy
Ansingh, Jacoba Ritsema and Marie van Regteren Altena in the collection of the "Arti et Amicitiae" and "Pulchri Studio" –
882:
857:
266:(1841–1895). Characteristic of the french female impressionists is the powerful, light-filled color palette with lively motifs. The
693:
735:
103:
945:
636:
181:
164:, Arti et Amicitiae and Pulchri Studios, works of Ansingh, Ritsema and Robertson were exhibited and favourably received.
975:
376:
290:
250:
The female painters of the
Amsterdam Impressionism belonged to a later generation than the French female impressionists
985:
286:
Marie
Bracquemond (1887): Under the Lamp – Sisley and his wife dine at the Braquements in Sèvres, private collection.
510:
1905 Thérèse Schwartze represented in the exhibition of works of art from Wiesbaden and Biebrich private Collections
161:
523:
1912 Stedelijke internationale tentoonstelling van kunstwerken van levende meesters, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam.
520:
1907 Stedelijke internationale tentoonstelling van kunstwerken van levende meesters, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam.
507:
1903 Stedelijke internationale tentoonstelling van kunstwerken van levende meesters, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam.
339:
173:
742:. De kunst; een algemeen geĂŻllustreerd en artistiek weekblad jrg 18, 1925/1926, no 930, 21-11-1925 (in Dutch)
274:. These darker colours create a quieter and more melancholic atmosphere. The French women painters preferred
666:
382:
357:
236:
177:
142:
111:
80:
42:
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110:
was an illustrator, not a painter like the other members. Ansingh, Ritsema, Robertson, Jacoba Surie and
95:
370:
102:
was in certain ways an exception in the group. She was older, already married and had studied at the
282:
129:
Ritsema is considered the most talented of the group. She initially received her education at the
275:
201:
407:
Suze Robertson (before 1922): Still life with pewter plate and bottle – Rijsmuseum of Amsterdam.
430:
Johanna Elisabeth Westendorp-Osieck: Still life with cancer, 23,6 Ă— 24,5 cm, oil on canvas
25:
Thérèse Schwartze (1885): Three girls of the orphanage in Amsterdam – Rijksmuseum of Amsterdam.
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251:
160:
Starting around 1900, at the annual art exhibitions of the artist societies Sint Lucas in the
115:
932:
391:
327:
321:
91:
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219:, an Amsterdam art gallery. A 1947 book by Johan van Eikeren consolidated the expression
107:
433:
Marie van Regteren Altena: Atelier with nacked modell, 51,2 Ă— 76,8 cm, oil on canvas
259:
57:
Thérèse Schwartze (after 1879): Young Italian with her dog Puck – Rijksmuseum Amsterdam.
494:
263:
200:, as it was spelled at the time, was known because of an unrelated historical novel by
150:
123:
99:
421:
Betsy Westendorp: Still life with glass paint pots, 25,0 Ă— 19,4 cm, oil on canvas
954:
315:
138:
67:
863:
351:
345:
271:
255:
235:
The Amsterdamse Joffers used different styles but in general terms are part of the
146:
71:
610:
154:
176:
participated in a collective exhibit in Hamburg. In 1906, Ansingh received the
462:
Thérèse Schwartze (1894): Lutheran initiates – Stedelijk Museum of Amsterdam).
240:
567:
34:
424:
Jo Bauer-Stumpf: Still life with anemones, 56,9 Ă— 48 cm, oil on canvas
940:
294:
Suze Robertson (1883): The woman as a card reader – Breda Museum of Breda.
192:
Albert Plasschaert, art critic and pen friend of Ansingh, named the group
436:
Ans van den Berg: Still life with chrysanthemum, 40,8 Ă— 76,8 cm, oil
244:
130:
442:
Thérèse Schwartze: Portrait of Lizzy Ansingh, 40,4 × 49,4 cm, oil
270:
used colours typical of the leading Dutch impressionist movement, the
526:
1913 Exhibition: Women from 1813 to 1913 – Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam
208:
means maiden, Miss or young lady. In the 1920´s and under the name
850:
Juffers en Joffers: een eerbewijs aan vrouwen in de Schilderkunst.
457:
427:
Coba Ritsema: Girl in a studio, 32,4 Ă— 46,5 cm, oil on canvas
402:
289:
281:
52:
20:
721:
Twee Amsterdamsche Joffers, een familieverhaal uit Vondel´s kring
585:
303:
The 1947 book by Johan van Eikeren identified eight artists as
145:
and Fredrik Theodorus Grabijn. Some of Ritsema´s students were
137:
She was influenced by Dutch impressionists such as her brother
637:"Tiende jaarlijkse tentoonstelling van kunstwerken Sint Lucas"
784:
451:
Many museums in the Netherlands and abroad have works by the
415:
Ans van den Berg: White and red azaleas, 76 Ă— 65 cm, oil
831:
tentoonstellingscatalogus, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam 1941.
412:
Lizzy Ansingh: The sourcer of life, 124,5 Ă— 174 cm, oil
223:
in Dutch art history. The separate class for women at the
841:
Gerritsen-Kloppenburg, Mieke en Henriëtte Coppes (1991):
418:
Jacobe Surie: Pisces, 50 Ă— 70,2 cm, oil on canvas
133:
School of Art before joining the women´s group at the
535:
1991 Lizzy Ansingh in a joint exhibition in Amsterdam
875:
Van Gogh bis Cobra: holländische Malerei 1880–1950.
239:art movement. Their subject choice is dominated by
643:. Het nieuws van den dag:kleine courant (in Dutch)
538:1991 Nelly Bodenheim – Amsterdam Historical Museum
785:From the list of exhibitions from 1858 to 2010 –
550:2022 Amsterdamse Joffers - Museum Villa Mondriaan
83:, an established painter who was Ansingh´s aunt.
532:1984 Suze Robertson – Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam
247:. Ansing was famous for her paintings of dolls.
33:were a group of women artists who met weekly in
188:Collective recognition: the group adopts a name
439:Nelly Bodenheim: Illustrations of hand posters
215:the group frequently exhibited their work at
8:
775:Archive Nassauischer Kunstverein, 2014–2015.
547:2008/2009 Suze Robertson – Museum Kempenland
890:Aziatische kunst uit het legaat Westendorp.
574:(in Dutch). A.J.G. Strengholt. p. 342.
529:1955 Suze Robertson – Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
358:Johanna Elisabeth (Betsy) Westendorp-Osieck
541:2003/2004 Suze Robertson – Museum Rijswijk
801:"Tentoonstelling: De Amsterdamse Joffers"
673:. Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland (in Dutch)
196:in a newspaper article in 1912. The term
16:Group of 19th century Dutch women artists
559:
544:2005/2006 Lizzy Ansingh – Museum Arnhem
447:Museum Guide of the Amsterdamse Joffers
692:Plasschaert, Albert (2 August 1915).
7:
660:
658:
114:were members of artist associations
41:and belonged to the movement of the
981:Dutch artist groups and collectives
829:Betsy Westendorp-Osieck, 1880–1940.
665:de Haas, Anna (17 September 2019).
39:Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten
919:Aquarellen, tekeningen en pastels.
667:"Ansing, Maria Elisabeth Georgina"
149:, Jan van den Hengst, Tine Honey,
14:
939:
694:"Coba Ritsema op Pulchri Studio"
895:Ingrid Pfeiffer, Max Hollein:
104:Delft University of Technology
1:
868:Dutch Art in the XIX Century.
635:Valler, J.N. (11 June 1900).
346:Jacoba Johanna (Coba) Ritsema
719:van Zeggelen, Marie (1900).
476:Musée du Jeu de Paume, Paris
470:Dordrechts Museum, Dordrecht
935:" by Joris Bas Backer, 2016
765:(in Dutch). F. G. Kroonder.
761:van Eikeren, Johan (1947).
485:Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam
74:began their studies at the
1002:
611:"Coba Ritsema (1876-1961)"
479:Museum Boijmans, Rotterdam
120:kunstvereniging Sint Lucas
90:and followed classes with
971:19th century in Amsterdam
917:Betsy Westendorp-Osieck:
671:resources.huygens.knaw.nl
488:Van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven
340:Marie van Regteren Altena
174:Marie van Regteren-Altena
491:Centraal Museum, Utrecht
43:Amsterdam Impressionists
933:The Amsterdamse Joffers
912:De Amsterdamse Joffers.
473:Gemeentmuseum, Den Haag
388:Josefa Tepe (1884–1962)
237:Amsterdam Impressionism
178:Willink van Collenprijs
143:George Hendrik Breitner
112:Betsy Westendorp-Osieck
834:Johan H. van Eikeren:
787:Kunstverein in Hamburg
723:(in Dutch). Scheltema.
515:Kunstverein in Hamburg
482:Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
463:
408:
295:
287:
182:Brussels international
168:Individual recognition
58:
49:Origin and development
26:
948:at Wikimedia Commons
852:De Doelenpers, 2000,
838:F. G. Kroonder, 1947.
799:Gelderland, Erfgoed.
590:amsterdamsejoffers.nl
586:"Amsterdamse Joffers"
461:
455:in their collections.
406:
299:Members of the circle
293:
285:
217:Kunstzaal Frans Buffa
198:Amsterdamsche Joffers
96:Nicolaas van der Waay
56:
24:
921:'s-Gravenhage, 1951.
305:Amsterdamse Joffers:
976:Dutch women artists
946:Amsterdamse Joffers
899:Hatje Cantz, 2008,
897:Impressionistinnen.
823:Selected references
467:Breda Museum, Breda
385:(1851–1918), mentor
221:Amsterdamse Joffers
194:Amsterdamse Joffers
31:Amsterdamse Joffers
986:Women in Amsterdam
736:"De zeven joffers"
615:Fem Art Collection
464:
409:
377:Elsa van Doesburgh
296:
288:
276:landscape painting
202:Marie van Zeggelen
59:
27:
944:Media related to
905:978-3-7757-2078-6
805:mijngelderland.nl
572:Holland schildert
453:Amsterdam Joffers
383:Thérèse Schwartze
252:Marie Bracquemond
231:Style and subject
116:Arti et Amicitiae
81:Thérèse Schwartze
993:
943:
910:Adriaan Venema:
892:Amsterdam, 1968.
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392:Marie Wandscheer
328:Ans van den Berg
322:Jo Bauer-Stumpff
262:(1847–1893) and
162:Stedelijk Museum
98:and Carel Dake.
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371:Thérèse Ansingh
367:
365:Related artists
334:Nelly Bodenheim
301:
233:
227:was long gone.
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108:Nelly Bodenheim
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51:
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926:External links
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873:Geurt Imanse:
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870:London., 1908.
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399:Selected works
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337:
331:
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319:
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264:Berthe Morisot
232:
229:
189:
186:
169:
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151:Victoire Winix
135:Rijksakademie.
124:Pulchri Studio
100:Suze Robertson
63:
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50:
47:
15:
13:
10:
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6:
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966:Impressionism
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961:Art societies
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877:Hatje, 1980,
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858:90-70655-27-6
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316:Lizzy Ansingh
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258:(1845–1926),
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225:Rijksacademie
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139:Jacob Ritsema
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92:August Allebé
89:
88:Rijksakademie
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76:Rijksacademie
73:
69:
68:Lizzy Ansingh
61:
55:
48:
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40:
36:
32:
23:
19:
938:
918:
914:Baarn, 1977.
911:
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864:G. H. Marius
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842:
835:
828:
809:. Retrieved
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744:. Retrieved
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702:. Retrieved
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645:. Retrieved
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618:. Retrieved
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593:. Retrieved
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571:
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452:
450:
352:Jacoba Surie
308:
304:
302:
272:Hague School
267:
260:Eva Gonzalès
256:Mary Cassatt
249:
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197:
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159:
147:Jacoba Surie
134:
128:
119:
87:
85:
75:
72:Coby Ritsema
65:
30:
28:
18:
888:K. W. Lim:
811:3 September
746:3 September
734:Wolf, N.H.
704:3 September
677:2 September
647:4 September
620:3 September
595:1 September
502:Exhibitions
394:(1855–1936)
379:(1875–1957)
373:(1883-1968)
360:(1880–1968)
354:(1879–1970)
348:(1876–1961)
342:(1868–1958)
336:(1874–1951)
330:(1873–1942)
324:(1873–1951)
318:(1875–1959)
245:portraiture
155:Lize Duyvis
955:Categories
845:, Heerlen,
807:(in Dutch)
700:(in Dutch)
568:Luns, Huib
517:zu Hamburg
241:still life
497:, Haarlem
210:Amsterdam
66:In 1894,
62:Beginning
35:Amsterdam
570:(1940).
931:Comic "
309:Sorella
268:Joffers
213:Joffers
131:Haarlem
903:
881:
856:
206:Joffer
555:Notes
901:ISBN
879:ISBN
854:ISBN
813:2022
748:2022
706:2022
679:2022
649:2022
622:2022
597:2022
243:and
153:and
122:and
70:and
29:The
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866::
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738:.
696:.
669:.
657:^
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613:.
588:.
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118:,
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599:.
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