2328:
38:
1822:
1853:
696:
Constant, instantaneous and average current are expressed in amperes (as in "the charging current is 1.2 A") and the charge accumulated (or passed through a circuit) over a period of time is expressed in coulombs (as in "the
302:
as a fundamental relationship, with the CGS unit of charge defined by measuring the force between two charged metal plates. The CGS unit of current is then defined as one unit of charge per second.
444:, was then defined as "the quantity of electricity carried in 1 second by a current of 1 ampere". Conversely, a current of one ampere is one coulomb of charge going past a given point per second:
663:
494:
1543:
617:, "is the quantity of electricity carried in 1 second by a current of 1 ampere". Conversely, a current of one ampere is one coulomb of charge going past a given point per second:
311:
437:
states that there is an attractive or repulsive force between two parallel wires carrying an electric current. This force is used in the formal definition of the ampere.
415:
The ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed one
340:
295:
1873:
1758:
2303:
1956:
1877:
329:
1410:
385:
is defined as the product of current and voltage, the ampere can alternatively be expressed in terms of the other units using the relationship
1625:
1781:
1670:
1486:
1436:
1395:
537:
1575:
276:
elementary charges moving in a second. Prior to the redefinition the ampere was defined as the current passing through two parallel wires 1
351:
per centimetre of length between two wires one centimetre apart. The size of the unit was chosen so that the units derived from it in the
328:. In recognition of Ampère's contributions to the creation of modern electrical science, an international convention, signed at the 1881
1960:
1901:
1508:
2357:
2019:
1627:
Draft
Resolution A "On the revision of the International System of units (SI)" to be submitted to the CGPM at its 26th meeting (2018)
1816:
1775:
168:
128:
1686:
1837:
2209:
1847:
1596:
46:. As the current through the coil increases, the plunger is drawn further into the coil and the pointer deflects to the right.
2313:
1386:
57:
2028:
1348:
1012:
837:
726:
193:
1806:
1369:
623:
450:
1373:
1734:
2267:
434:
317:
217:
205:
90:
358:
The "international ampere" was an early realization of the ampere, defined as the current that would deposit
2308:
572:
224:
20:
1867:
2352:
2012:
992:
924:
882:
966:
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181:
548:, since the latter two could be tied to physical phenomena that are relatively easy to reproduce, the
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of approximately a few parts in 10, and involved realisations of the watt, the ohm and the volt.
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2005:
1843:
1812:
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1404:
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when expressed in the unit C, which is equal to A⋅s, where the second is defined in terms of
1947:
1706:
1321:
790:
782:
549:
336:
332:, established the ampere as a standard unit of electrical measurement for electric current.
321:
299:
209:
189:
145:
139:
105:
72:
1318: – Maximum current that can be applied continuously without harming a device or system
2084:
1456:
816:
382:
325:
1714:
1702:
2237:
2169:
1506:
SI supports only the use of symbols and deprecates the use of abbreviations for units.
1327:
887:
525:
367:
2346:
2298:
2222:
2159:
2149:
1658:
1424:
1018:
945:
730:
427:
288:
1451:
995:
and electrical appliances, but are defined independently of the ampere, notably the
2242:
2199:
2184:
2139:
2119:
2036:
1000:
980:
971:
950:
908:
298:
has two units of current, one structured similarly to the SI's and the other using
529:
2114:
2069:
1986:
1604:
1381:
1377:
1022:
770:
746:
709:"). The relation of the ampere (C/s) to the coulomb is the same as that of the
1902:"Appendix 2: Practical realisation of unit definitions: Electrical quantities"
400:
2179:
2094:
37:
370:
solution. Later, more accurate measurements revealed that this current is
2059:
1728:
1315:
738:
419:
apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to
403:, a device that can measure electrical voltage, current, and resistance.
344:
1923:
991:
There are also some SI units that are frequently used in the context of
2247:
2232:
2174:
2104:
2099:
2049:
1309:
821:
781:
respectively) with all other SI units being defined using these. These
750:
614:
607:
441:
213:
197:
43:
1710:
2262:
2164:
2074:
2054:
762:
742:
734:
606:, the unperturbed ground state hyperfine transition frequency of the
347:, was defined as the amount of current that generates a force of two
201:
1842:(Fourth ed.), Belmont, CA: Thompson Brooks/Cole, p. 746,
1330: – Physiological reaction or injury caused by electric current
524:
This definition of the ampere was most accurately realised using a
2277:
2272:
2257:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2109:
2064:
996:
929:
850:
714:
416:
277:
1869:
Beyond the
Kilogram: Redefining the International System of Units
2252:
2194:
2189:
842:
766:
758:
710:
541:
348:
2001:
1981:
399:, and thus 1 A = 1 W/V. Current can be measured by a
2227:
2154:
2144:
1339: – Widely used analogy for explaining electrical circuits
866:
786:
753:
representing seven fundamental types of physical quantity, or
575:
defined the ampere by taking the fixed numerical value of the
545:
335:
The ampere was originally defined as one tenth of the unit of
160:
120:
1544:"Mise en pratique for the definition of the ampere in the SI"
248:, which means an ampere is an electric current equivalent to
1017:
Like other SI units, the ampere can be modified by adding a
793:. The units with special names derived from the ampere are:
1997:
559:
Techniques to establish the realisation of an ampere had a
316:
The ampere is named for French physicist and mathematician
62:
151:
111:
1896:
1894:
1982:
The NIST Reference on
Constants, Units, and Uncertainty
1351: – Comparison of a wide range of electric currents
1332:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1753:
1751:
200:(C) moving past a point per second. It is named after
1839:
Serway's principles of physics: a calculus based text
626:
453:
312:
International System of
Electrical and Magnetic Units
169:
129:
1808:
Physical
Chemistry: Understanding our Chemical World
157:
117:
2286:
2208:
2083:
2035:
785:can either be given special names e.g. watt, volt,
154:
148:
114:
108:
86:
78:
68:
56:
51:
30:
657:
488:
411:Until 2019, the SI defined the ampere as follows:
1687:"A short history of the SI units in electricity"
1874:National Institute of Standards and Technology
528:, but in practice the unit was maintained via
2013:
1537:
1535:
1390:(18th ed.), Cambridge University Press,
1312: – Device that measures electric current
658:{\displaystyle {\rm {1\ A=1\,{\text{C/s}}.}}}
489:{\displaystyle {\rm {1\ A=1{\frac {C}{s}}.}}}
8:
1759:International Bureau of Weights and Measures
2304:Historical definitions of the SI base units
1509:"Bureau International des Poids et Mesures"
789:, etc. or defined in terms of others, e.g.
2020:
2006:
1998:
36:
27:
1957:Bureau International des Poids et Mesures
645:
644:
628:
627:
625:
471:
455:
454:
452:
1568:"2.1. Unit of electric current (ampere)"
1387:Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary
1027:
795:
280:apart that produces a magnetic force of
1361:
330:International Exposition of Electricity
1949:The International System of Units (SI)
1836:Serway, Raymond A; Jewett, JW (2006),
1764:The International System of Units (SI)
1402:
341:centimetre–gram–second system of units
227:, the ampere is defined by fixing the
208:(1775–1836), considered the father of
1036:
1033:
42:Demonstration model of a moving iron
7:
1966:from the original on 5 November 2013
1737:from the original on 20 October 2016
1578:from the original on 3 February 2012
355:system would be conveniently sized.
1825:from the original on 2 January 2014
1514:, 2006, p. 130, archived from
1489:from the original on 7 October 2014
1880:from the original on 21 March 2008
1409:: CS1 maint: overridden setting (
635:
476:
473:
462:
14:
1856:from the original on 21 June 2013
503:was determined by steady current
2327:
2326:
1787:from the original on 4 June 2021
1665:, New York: Three Rivers Press,
1429:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
672:is determined by steady current
252:elementary charges moving every
196:(SI). One ampere is equal to 1
144:
104:
16:SI base unit of electric current
1597:"Base unit definitions: Ampere"
1324: – Flow of electric charge
895:ampere per volt or inverse ohm
2314:System of units of measurement
1457:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
343:. That unit, now known as the
1:
1349:Orders of magnitude (current)
1013:Orders of magnitude (current)
838:Electric potential difference
727:international system of units
721:Units derived from the ampere
194:International System of Units
366:of silver per second from a
204:mathematician and physicist
1029:SI multiples of ampere (A)
613:The SI unit of charge, the
440:The SI unit of charge, the
407:Former definition in the SI
324:and laid the foundation of
2374:
1989:Definition of ampere and μ
1010:
309:
18:
2358:Units of electric current
2322:
1811:, John Wiley & Sons,
1431:(3rd ed.), Longman,
1345: – Physical constant
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
320:(1775–1836), who studied
35:
2268:minute and second of arc
1021:that multiplies it by a
999:, joule, watt, candela,
2309:2019 revision of the SI
1733:, Sizes, 1 April 2014,
1697:(2), Montclair: 97–99,
729:(SI) is based on seven
573:2019 revision of the SI
225:2019 revision of the SI
21:Ampere (disambiguation)
1908:, BIPM, archived from
1805:Monk, Paul MS (2004),
1574:(8th ed.), BIPM,
1485:(8th ed.), BIPM,
993:electrical engineering
925:Electrical capacitance
883:Electrical conductance
659:
490:
432:
430:per metre of length.
1959:, 2006, p. 144,
1730:History of the ampere
967:Magnetic flux density
904:Electrical inductance
862:Electrical resistance
660:
491:
413:
218:Hans Christian Ørsted
2210:Other accepted units
1685:Kowalski, L (1986),
1542:BIPM (20 May 2019),
773:, electric current,
624:
561:relative uncertainty
451:
19:For other uses, see
2294:Conversion of units
1717:on 14 February 2002
1703:1986PhTea..24...97K
1691:The Physics Teacher
1343:Vacuum permeability
1030:
775:amount of substance
676:flowing for a time
668:In general, charge
554:quantum Hall effect
534:electromotive force
507:flowing for a time
499:In general, charge
52:General information
2087:with special names
1479:"2. SI base units"
1028:
779:luminous intensity
655:
567:Present definition
532:from the units of
486:
435:Ampère's force law
318:André-Marie Ampère
206:André-Marie Ampère
91:André-Marie Ampère
2340:
2339:
2218:astronomical unit
1711:10.1119/1.2341955
1672:978-0-307-33598-2
1663:Electric Universe
1521:on 14 August 2017
1460:, Merriam-Webster
1438:978-1-4058-8118-0
1397:978-0-521-15255-6
1337:Hydraulic analogy
1301:
1300:
989:
988:
937:coulomb per volt
811:In SI base units
648:
634:
577:elementary charge
479:
461:
229:elementary charge
188:, is the unit of
96:
95:
2365:
2330:
2329:
2022:
2015:
2008:
1999:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1955:(8th ed.),
1954:
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1936:
1934:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1912:on 14 April 2013
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1770:(8th ed.),
1769:
1755:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1713:, archived from
1682:
1676:
1675:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1640:on 29 April 2018
1639:
1633:, archived from
1632:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1607:on 25 April 2017
1603:, archived from
1601:Physics.nist.gov
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1322:Electric current
1031:
874:volt per ampere
796:
791:metre per second
783:SI derived units
708:
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550:Josephson effect
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2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1940:
1929:
1928:www.npl.co.uk
1925:
1919:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1863:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1832:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1818:0-471-49180-2
1814:
1810:
1809:
1801:
1798:
1783:
1779:
1777:92-822-2213-6
1773:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1724:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1636:
1629:
1628:
1621:
1618:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1500:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1420:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1399:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1370:Jones, Daniel
1365:
1362:
1355:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1297:quettaampere
1296:
1293:
1290:
1288:quectoampere
1287:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1040:
1034:Submultiples
1032:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1006:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
984:
982:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
960:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
946:Magnetic flux
944:
943:
939:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
922:
918:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
901:
897:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
880:
876:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
859:
855:
852:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
835:
831:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
797:
794:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
731:SI base units
728:
720:
718:
716:
713:(J/s) to the
712:
700:
694:
691:
688:
684:
650:
641:
638:
629:
620:
619:
618:
616:
611:
609:
601:
578:
574:
566:
564:
562:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
522:
519:
515:
481:
468:
465:
456:
447:
446:
445:
443:
438:
436:
431:
429:
418:
412:
406:
404:
402:
397:
393:
389:
384:
379:
369:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
313:
305:
303:
301:
300:Coulomb's law
297:
292:
290:
279:
230:
226:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
174:
165:
141:
135:
134:
125:
101:
92:
89:
85:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
64:
61:
59:
55:
50:
45:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
2243:electronvolt
2044:
1988:
1948:
1942:
1931:, retrieved
1927:
1924:"ampere (A)"
1918:
1910:the original
1905:
1882:, retrieved
1868:
1862:
1849:0-53449143-X
1838:
1831:
1807:
1800:
1789:, retrieved
1763:
1741:20 September
1739:, retrieved
1729:
1723:
1715:the original
1694:
1690:
1680:
1662:
1653:
1642:, retrieved
1635:the original
1626:
1620:
1611:28 September
1609:, retrieved
1605:the original
1600:
1591:
1580:, retrieved
1571:
1562:
1551:, retrieved
1547:
1523:, retrieved
1516:the original
1502:
1491:, retrieved
1482:
1473:
1464:29 September
1462:, retrieved
1455:
1446:
1428:
1419:
1385:
1382:Esling, John
1378:Setter, Jane
1374:Roach, Peter
1364:
1277:ronnaampere
1268:rontoampere
1257:yottaampere
1248:yoctoampere
1237:zettaampere
1228:zeptoampere
1188:femtoampere
1128:microampere
1108:milliampere
1097:hectoampere
1088:centiampere
1016:
990:
981:square metre
958:volt second
853:per coulomb
755:"dimensions"
724:
695:
689:
686:
682:
667:
612:
599:
570:
558:
523:
517:
513:
498:
439:
433:
414:
410:
395:
391:
387:
380:
357:
334:
315:
294:The earlier
293:
222:
185:
177:
99:
97:
69:Unit of
25:
1906:SI brochure
1791:16 December
1582:19 November
1572:SI brochure
1553:18 February
1525:21 November
1493:19 November
1483:SI brochure
1208:attoampere
1197:petaampere
1177:teraampere
1168:picoampere
1157:gigaampere
1148:nanoampere
1137:megaampere
1117:kiloampere
1077:decaampere
1068:deciampere
1023:power of 10
1007:SI prefixes
1003:, and lux.
916:ohm second
771:temperature
610:-133 atom.
364: grams
291:per metre.
262:seconds or
212:along with
87:Named after
58:Unit system
2347:Categories
2037:Base units
1884:3 December
1644:28 October
1356:References
1291:10 A
1282:10 A
1271:10 A
1262:10 A
1251:10 A
1242:10 A
1231:10 A
1222:10 A
1217:exaampere
1211:10 A
1202:10 A
1191:10 A
1182:10 A
1171:10 A
1162:10 A
1151:10 A
1142:10 A
1131:10 A
1122:10 A
1111:10 A
1102:10 A
1091:10 A
1082:10 A
1071:10 A
1062:10 A
1054:SI symbol
1045:SI symbol
1037:Multiples
979:weber per
745:, ampere,
701:charge is
538:resistance
401:multimeter
296:CGS system
223:As of the
216:physicist
176:; symbol:
2180:steradian
2095:becquerel
961:kg⋅m⋅s⋅A
940:s⋅A⋅kg⋅m
919:kg⋅m⋅s⋅A
898:s⋅A⋅kg⋅m
877:kg⋅m⋅s⋅A
856:kg⋅m⋅s⋅A
799:Quantity
737:, metre,
530:Ohm's law
246:10 C
182:shortened
180:), often
2332:Category
2287:See also
2060:kilogram
2029:SI units
1961:archived
1878:archived
1876:, 2006,
1854:archived
1823:archived
1782:archived
1761:(2006),
1735:archived
1661:(2005),
1576:archived
1487:archived
1452:"ampere"
1427:(2008),
1405:citation
1384:(eds.),
1372:(2011),
1316:Ampacity
1304:See also
808:Meaning
739:kilogram
552:and the
544:and the
345:abampere
2248:hectare
2233:decibel
2175:sievert
2170:siemens
2100:coulomb
2050:candela
1699:Bibcode
1310:Ammeter
985:kg⋅s⋅A
888:siemens
822:coulomb
805:Symbol
751:candela
707: C
699:battery
615:coulomb
608:caesium
442:coulomb
428:newtons
376: A
339:in the
306:History
289:newtons
198:coulomb
192:in the
44:ammeter
2263:minute
2223:dalton
2165:radian
2160:pascal
2150:newton
2075:second
2055:kelvin
2045:ampere
1933:21 May
1872:, US:
1846:
1815:
1774:
1669:
1435:
1394:
1051:Value
1042:Value
1019:prefix
777:, and
763:length
749:, and
743:kelvin
735:second
633:
582:to be
540:, the
460:
381:Since
214:Danish
202:French
100:ampere
79:Symbol
31:ampere
2278:tonne
2273:neper
2258:litre
2200:weber
2185:tesla
2140:lumen
2135:katal
2130:joule
2125:hertz
2120:henry
2110:farad
2065:metre
1987:NIST
1964:(PDF)
1953:(PDF)
1785:(PDF)
1768:(PDF)
1638:(PDF)
1631:(PDF)
1519:(PDF)
1512:(PDF)
1057:Name
1048:Name
1001:lumen
997:hertz
972:tesla
951:weber
930:farad
909:henry
851:joule
802:Unit
715:joule
584:1.602
417:metre
383:power
372:0.999
360:0.001
349:dynes
278:metre
264:6.241
254:1.602
236:1.602
173:-peer
133:-pair
2253:hour
2195:watt
2190:volt
2115:gray
2070:mole
1935:2019
1886:2008
1844:ISBN
1813:ISBN
1793:2021
1772:ISBN
1743:2023
1667:ISBN
1646:2018
1613:2010
1584:2011
1555:2022
1548:BIPM
1527:2011
1495:2011
1466:2020
1433:ISBN
1411:link
1392:ISBN
1074:daA
843:volt
832:A⋅s
767:mass
759:time
747:mole
733:the
725:The
711:watt
571:The
542:volt
536:and
353:MKSA
98:The
2228:day
2155:ohm
2145:lux
1707:doi
1294:QA
1285:qA
1274:RA
1265:rA
1254:YA
1245:yA
1234:ZA
1225:zA
1214:EA
1205:aA
1194:PA
1185:fA
1174:TA
1165:pA
1154:GA
1145:nA
1134:MA
1125:μA
1114:kA
1105:mA
1094:hA
1085:cA
1065:dA
955:Wb
867:ohm
787:lux
757:, (
705:000
680:as
647:C/s
589:634
586:176
546:ohm
511:as
362:118
269:074
266:509
259:634
256:176
241:634
238:176
186:amp
184:to
161:ɪər
121:ɛər
2349::
1926:,
1904:,
1893:^
1852:,
1821:,
1780:,
1750:^
1705:,
1695:24
1693:,
1689:,
1599:,
1570:,
1546:,
1534:^
1481:,
1454:,
1407:}}
1403:{{
1380:;
1376:;
1025:.
976:T
934:F
913:H
892:S
871:Ω
847:V
826:C
769:,
765:,
761:,
741:,
717:.
703:30
693:.
685:=
603:Cs
594:10
521:.
518:It
516:=
425:10
390:=
378:.
374:85
286:10
274:10
250:10
220:.
171:AM
142::
140:US
136:,
131:AM
63:SI
2021:e
2014:t
2007:v
1991:0
1968:.
1709::
1701::
1413:)
690:t
687:I
683:Q
678:t
674:I
670:Q
651:.
642:1
639:=
636:A
630:1
600:ν
598:∆
592:×
580:e
514:Q
509:t
505:I
501:Q
482:.
477:s
474:C
469:1
466:=
463:A
457:1
423:×
421:2
396:V
394:/
392:P
388:I
284:×
282:2
272:×
244:×
232:e
178:A
164:/
158:p
155:m
152:æ
149:ˈ
146:/
124:/
118:p
115:m
112:æ
109:ˈ
106:/
102:(
82:A
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
