33:
46:
312:
341:
began soon after the discovery of this species in the nineteenth century and continued throughout the twentieth century. A multivariate approach to treatment of anatomical characters has facilitated the discrimination among very similarly shaped species, aided by behavioral and ecological evidence.
381:
Colouration in wild stocks is variable, with most specimens grey to olive brown with a characteristic pattern of black dorsolateral bars, some pink, white, yellow or orange specimens do occur. These brightly colored forms, often called "golds", exist in nature at varying frequencies throughout the
324:
Midas cichlids are heavily built and are capable of standing up to any other aquarium-sized cichlid in fights over territory. They have powerful jaws, sharp teeth and a physical size advantage in comparison to other aquarium species. Therefore, the aggressivity of Midas cichlids should not be
502:
Geiger MF, McCrary JK, Schliewen U (2010): Not a simple case – A first comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis for the Midas cichlid complex in
Nicaragua (Teleostei: Cichlidae: Amphilophus); Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56:1011-1024
483:
Geiger MF, McCrary JK, & Stauffer JR, Jr. (2010): Description of two new species of the Midas cichlid complex (Teleostei:Cichlidae) from Lake Apoyo, Nicaragua; PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 123(2):159–173
382:
range of the species group. Colorations and morphological characters (e.g. accentuated nuchal humps) seen in the hobbyist trade are the product of selective breeding for several generations and may not be reflected in the wild.
464:
Stauffer JR, Jr., McCrary JK, & Black KE (2008): Three new species of cichlid fishes (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Apoyo, Nicaragua; PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 121(1):117–129
402:. Among the small body of information regarding populations of the species of this group, four other species may have smaller populations and/or ranges than this fish in Laguna de Apoyo:
468:
572:
775:
837:
536:
934:
909:
749:
446:
788:
553:
spp.) en
Nicaragua con aportes sobre su ecologia y estado de conservacion en la Laguna de Apoyo ; Revista Nicaraguense BIODIVERSIDAD 1:43-50
919:
577:
876:
505:
929:
924:
466:
793:
619:
487:
370:, the great majority of which have not been described to date. The nine most recently described members of this species
351:
914:
697:
684:
675:
45:
363:
263:
157:
842:
587:
610:
416:
428:
404:
358:. The genetic evidence from Apoyo supports a hypothesis that the six known species of the lake evolved via
637:
422:
702:
140:
868:
227:
904:
881:
723:
391:
359:
300:
410:
32:
829:
554:
441:
334:
166:
40:
355:
816:
780:
689:
850:
806:
710:
530:
347:
855:
238:
605:
596:
491:
472:
371:
87:
898:
801:
624:
FishBase (2006) Eds. Froese, R. and D. Pauly. World Wide Web electronic publication.
512:
399:
97:
715:
432:, constitutes about eighty percent of the breeding population of Laguna de Apoyo.
325:
underestimated and cohabitants should be chosen carefully in an aquarium setting.
311:
485:
390:
The conservation status of only one species of this group has been analyzed. The
298:
and smaller fish. The species is closely related to, but not to be mistaken for,
824:
762:
669:
343:
117:
582:
291:
267:
660:
271:
57:
736:
654:
375:
295:
275:
77:
754:
741:
256:
107:
767:
67:
631:
342:
Multiple species of this group have been identified and verified by
863:
310:
549:
McCrary JK, Lopez Perez LJ (2008): El monitoreo de las mojarras (
366:
are considered to exist among what has historically been called
259:
728:
635:
625:
567:
362:. A few to perhaps several dozen species fitting the
644:
573:
378:to their respective small, volcanic crater lakes.
398:) was evaluated as Critically Endangered by the
606:"Amphilophus astorquii in a multspecies school"
8:
294:and their diet consists of plant material,
632:
31:
20:
447:List of freshwater aquarium fish species
601:cichlids in Laguna de Apoyo, Nicaragua"
457:
535:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
528:
282:is often sold under the trade name of
578:"Hallan Nuevas Mojarras" (in Spanish)
173:
7:
869:642C62C2-0849-6BBC-BF56-EFAFA7C1FA1E
426:. The final member of the complex,
350:evidence in volcanic crater lakes
14:
44:
910:Cichlid fish of Central America
1:
333:Considerable debate over the
935:Taxa named by Albert Günther
920:Freshwater fish of Nicaragua
304:, which shares the nickname
588:"The Little Apoyo Cichlid,
266:and adjacent watersheds in
951:
364:biological species concept
172:
165:
146:
139:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
320:Physical characteristics
200:Archocentrus citrinellus
690:Amphilophus_citrinellus
676:Amphilophus citrinellus
646:Amphilophus citrinellus
417:Amphilophus supercilius
252:Amphilophus citrinellus
192:Amphilophus citrinellum
150:Amphilophus citrinellus
25:Amphilophus citrinellus
930:Fish described in 1864
925:Fish of Lake Nicaragua
316:
216:Herichthys citrinellus
208:Cichlasoma citrinellum
590:Amphilophus astorquii
429:Amphilophus astorquii
405:Amphilophus flaveolus
314:
235:Cichlasoma granadense
176:Cichlasoma citrinella
613:Amphilophus globosus
423:Amphilophus globosus
396:Amphilophus zaliosus
360:sympatric speciation
301:Amphilophus labiatus
583:Midas Cichlids Care
411:Amphilophus chancho
386:Conservation status
132:A. citrinellus
915:Fish of Costa Rica
628:version (07/2006).
597:"Video of endemic
490:2011-10-03 at the
471:2011-10-03 at the
442:Flowerhorn cichlid
317:
315:Two Midas cichlids
892:
891:
851:Open Tree of Life
638:Taxon identifiers
620:"Chancho Cichlid"
348:mitochondrial DNA
306:red devil cichlid
248:
247:
242:
231:
220:
219:(Günther, 1864)
212:
211:(Günther, 1864)
204:
203:(Günther, 1864)
196:
195:(Günther, 1864)
188:
184:Heros citrinellus
180:
179:(Gïnther, 1864)
942:
885:
884:
872:
871:
859:
858:
846:
845:
833:
832:
820:
819:
810:
809:
797:
796:
784:
783:
771:
770:
758:
757:
745:
744:
732:
731:
719:
718:
706:
705:
693:
692:
680:
679:
678:
665:
664:
663:
633:
556:
547:
541:
540:
534:
526:
524:
523:
517:
511:. Archived from
510:
500:
494:
481:
475:
462:
329:Taxonomic status
237:
226:
218:
210:
202:
194:
186:
178:
152:
49:
48:
35:
21:
950:
949:
945:
944:
943:
941:
940:
939:
895:
894:
893:
888:
880:
875:
867:
862:
854:
849:
841:
836:
828:
823:
815:
813:
805:
800:
792:
787:
779:
774:
766:
761:
753:
748:
740:
735:
727:
722:
714:
709:
701:
696:
688:
683:
674:
673:
668:
659:
658:
653:
640:
564:
559:
548:
544:
527:
521:
519:
515:
508:
506:"Archived copy"
504:
501:
497:
492:Wayback Machine
482:
478:
473:Wayback Machine
463:
459:
455:
438:
388:
374:are considered
331:
322:
262:endemic to the
224:Heros basilaris
187:Günther, 1864
161:
154:
148:
135:
43:
17:
16:Species of fish
12:
11:
5:
948:
946:
938:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
897:
896:
890:
889:
887:
886:
873:
860:
847:
834:
821:
811:
798:
785:
772:
759:
746:
733:
720:
707:
694:
681:
666:
650:
648:
642:
641:
636:
630:
629:
622:
617:
608:
603:
594:
585:
580:
575:
570:
563:
562:External links
560:
558:
557:
542:
495:
476:
456:
454:
451:
450:
449:
444:
437:
434:
387:
384:
368:A. citrinellus
339:A. citrinellus
330:
327:
321:
318:
288:A. citrinellus
280:A. citrinellus
264:San Juan River
246:
245:
244:
243:
232:
221:
213:
205:
197:
189:
181:
170:
169:
163:
162:
155:
144:
143:
137:
136:
129:
127:
123:
122:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
88:Actinopterygii
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
947:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
902:
900:
883:
878:
874:
870:
865:
861:
857:
852:
848:
844:
839:
835:
831:
826:
822:
818:
812:
808:
803:
799:
795:
790:
786:
782:
777:
773:
769:
764:
760:
756:
751:
747:
743:
738:
734:
730:
725:
721:
717:
712:
708:
704:
699:
695:
691:
686:
682:
677:
671:
667:
662:
656:
652:
651:
649:
647:
643:
639:
634:
627:
623:
621:
618:
616:
615:photographed"
614:
609:
607:
604:
602:
600:
595:
593:
591:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
568:Midas Cichlid
566:
565:
561:
555:
552:
546:
543:
538:
532:
518:on 2011-10-03
514:
507:
499:
496:
493:
489:
486:
480:
477:
474:
470:
467:
461:
458:
452:
448:
445:
443:
440:
439:
435:
433:
431:
430:
425:
424:
419:
418:
413:
412:
407:
406:
401:
400:IUCN Red List
397:
393:
392:arrow cichlid
385:
383:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
340:
336:
328:
326:
319:
313:
309:
307:
303:
302:
297:
293:
289:
285:
284:Midas cichlid
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
258:
254:
253:
240:
236:
233:
229:
225:
222:
217:
214:
209:
206:
201:
198:
193:
190:
185:
182:
177:
174:
171:
168:
164:
159:
153:
151:
145:
142:
141:Binomial name
138:
134:
133:
128:
125:
124:
121:
120:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
645:
626:fishbase.org
612:
598:
589:
550:
545:
520:. Retrieved
513:the original
498:
479:
460:
427:
421:
415:
409:
403:
395:
389:
380:
367:
338:
332:
323:
305:
299:
287:
283:
279:
251:
250:
249:
234:
223:
215:
207:
199:
191:
183:
175:
149:
147:
131:
130:
118:
98:Cichliformes
24:
18:
905:Amphilophus
825:NatureServe
763:iNaturalist
670:Wikispecies
599:Amphilophus
551:Amphilophus
255:is a large
119:Amphilophus
899:Categories
522:2011-01-01
453:References
337:status of
292:omnivorous
268:Costa Rica
611:"Nesting
335:taxonomic
274:. In the
272:Nicaragua
228:T.N. Gill
126:Species:
108:Cichlidae
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
830:2.102269
807:18242650
781:10156195
737:FishBase
655:Wikidata
531:cite web
488:Archived
469:Archived
436:See also
296:molluscs
276:aquarium
241:, 1907
230:, 1877
167:Synonyms
104:Family:
78:Chordata
74:Phylum:
68:Animalia
54:Domain:
755:2370102
661:Q206453
376:endemic
372:complex
344:genomic
257:cichlid
160:, 1864)
158:Günther
114:Genus:
94:Order:
84:Class:
882:991188
856:358037
794:648192
768:208884
729:608445
420:, and
278:trade
877:WoRMS
864:Plazi
843:61819
814:NAS:
776:IRMNG
703:80936
516:(PDF)
509:(PDF)
356:Xiloá
352:Apoyo
838:NCBI
802:IUCN
789:ITIS
750:GBIF
742:4786
716:D3GS
698:BOLD
537:link
354:and
346:and
290:are
270:and
260:fish
239:Meek
817:442
724:EoL
711:CoL
685:AFD
901::
879::
866::
853::
840::
827::
804::
791::
778::
765::
752::
739::
726::
713::
700::
687::
672::
657::
533:}}
529:{{
414:,
408:,
286:.
592:"
539:)
525:.
394:(
308:.
156:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
