411:("the burner"). The latter nickname is connected to a tradition reporting that he ordered a hundred members of the Tamimi subtribe of Darim burned alive. Alternatively, it is attributed to his burning the date palms of al-Jamama. The historian Gustav Rothstein notes that it is more likely that these stories are later inventions, designed to explain Amr's nickname, rather than its origin. Rothstein points out that Muharriq was a common name among the Lakhmids, and the name of a local pre-Islamic deity, so that it may simply reflect a dedication of Amr in his childhood to this cult.
349:, but pointedly remarked that he did not deem it necessary to retaliate so as not to disturb the peace. Amr repeated his demands in 567 via a Persian embassy to Constantinople, but was again rebuffed. In return, he ordered his brother Qabus to raid the Ghassanid territories. According to Shahîd, it appears that at that time, the Byzantine government tacitly consented to give the Lakhmids the desired subsidies to maintain the peace between Byzantium and Persia.
43:
311:), were associated as junior rulers already during Amr's rule. On the other hand, his namesake half-brother, Amr ibn Umama, was explicitly excluded. Ibn Umama tried to secure the assistance of the Yemeni ruler to claim his rights, only to be murdered by one of his companions.
399:
bearing sealed letters with orders for their execution. Al-Mutalammis was suspicious enough to destroy his letter, but Tarafa delivered his, and was executed. The "letter of al-Mutalammis" became the proverbial example of this device in Arab lore.
217:
over southern Arabia and was instrumental in the downfall of
Aksumite power in southern Arabia. He was famous for his bellicosity and his patronage of poets. He was killed over an insult to Amru ibn kulthum's mother the chief of the taghlib tribe.
314:
Amr himself was likely a
Christian, although perhaps not openly so, since the religion was distrusted by his Sasanian overlords as it was associated with their main rival, the
1135:
326:, Amr demanded the payment of gold subsidies by the Byzantines, as had been the practice under his father, but this demand was rejected by the Byzantine negotiator,
447:, the Arab poets were increasingly exposed to the cultural influence of the Sasanians, and his court "contributed to an urbanisation of pastoralist Arabic poetry".
1150:
1160:
387:
The Arabic sources highlight Amr's energy and warlike nature, but also his cruelty, which was legendary: according to a well-known story, he sent the poets
947:
1165:
1155:
1140:
822:
742:
360:, and who had come to ask for Sasanian aid in overthrowing Aksumite rule over Yemen. according to the narratives included in the history of
718:
785:
761:
1130:
887:
1101:
1063:
1015:
379:
in 569 or 570, after the
Lakhmid ruler's mother had insulted Kulthum's mother at court. He was succeeded by his brother Qabus.
231:
129:
68:
1023:
1093:
1047:
940:
308:
396:
904:
1039:
249:"ibn Hind" in Arabic literature, rather than the patronymic "ibn al-Mundhir". He was appointed to rule over the
883:
245:
princess Hind bint al-Harith ibn Amr ibn Hujr Akil al-Murar; unusually, Amr is most often referred to with the
1055:
1031:
1007:
933:
319:
284:
he was engaged in several wars against the other powerful tribal groups of northeastern Arabia, such as the
775:
1145:
983:
798:
Die
Dynastie der Lahmiden in al-Hîra. Ein Versuch zur arabisch-persichen Geschichte zur Zeit der Sasaniden
432:
424:
419:
Amr's court was renowned in Arab history for the number of poets it attracted, including
Kulthum, Tarafa,
168:
436:
420:
335:
1079:
991:
304:
78:
803:
The
Dynasty of the Lakhmids at al-Hira. An Essay on Arab–Persian History at the Time of the Sasanids
280:
After succeeding his father as king of the
Lakhmids, in his capacity as the client and proxy of the
1125:
388:
327:
925:
771:
353:
330:. As a result, Amr broke the peace by launching raids against his pro-Byzantine counterpart, the
147:
914:
860:
844:
818:
815:
Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth
Century. Volume 1, Part 1: Political and Military History
781:
757:
738:
714:
706:
737:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
852:
840:
315:
261:
242:
214:
796:
376:
300:
281:
210:
194:
159:
107:
832:
810:
734:
The
History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume V: The Sāsānids, the Byzantines, the Lakhmids, and Yemen
999:
899:
891:
728:
702:
369:
346:
179:
1119:
895:
879:
856:
874:
440:
289:
836:
241:), and succeeded to the throne upon his father's death in 554. His mother was the
732:
975:
428:
711:
The
Cambridge History of Iran: The Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian periods (1)
293:
246:
187:
918:
864:
365:
361:
357:
331:
323:
285:
42:
250:
957:
439:. Amr himself was also the cousin of the greatest pre-Islamic Arab poet,
206:
119:
368:, who was indeed persuaded to send an expedition to Yemen which quickly
961:
444:
227:
114:
33:
392:
268:
and was defeated at the battle of Haliban or Huluban (west of modern
265:
777:
The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire: Volume III, AD 527–641
817:. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
269:
754:
Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the coming of Islam
364:, Amr took him with him to an audience with the Sasanian ruler,
103:
929:
58:
54:
461:
459:
345:). Al-Harith complained about these during this 563 visit to
713:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 593–612.
253:
tribal confederation in central Arabia by his father. In
324:
the war between the Sasanian Persians and the Byzantines
407:("the one who makes stones emit sounds"), as well as
490:
488:
486:
484:
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
352:
Some time after that he received the Yemeni magnate
173:
307:, and another brother by the same mother (possibly
143:
135:
125:
113:
92:
84:
74:
64:
49:
26:
873:
805:] (in German). Berlin: Reuther & Reichard.
403:Amr's difficult character earned him the nickname
139:Hind bint al-Harith ibn Amr ibn Hujr Akil al-Murar
941:
8:
948:
934:
926:
905:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
465:
41:
23:
913:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 451–452.
780:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
686:
674:
626:
566:
542:
518:
662:
650:
638:
614:
602:
590:
375:He was killed while dining by the chief
1136:6th-century monarchs in the Middle East
530:
455:
209:in 554–569/570. He was a client of the
581:, pp. 275–276, 281, 285–287, 338.
578:
554:
506:
494:
260:, Amr clashed with the forces of the
7:
1161:Vassal rulers of the Sasanian Empire
213:. In around 550 AD he clashed with
198:
163:
756:. London and New York: Routledge.
318:. During the negotiations for the
303:indicates that Amr's full brother
272:) and forced to give up hostages.
14:
1151:People of the Roman–Sasanian Wars
707:"Iran and the Arabs Before Islam"
16:Thirteenth Lakhmid king (554–569)
843:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;
857:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23069
340:
236:
1166:Arab Christians in Mesopotamia
1156:Arabs from the Sasanian Empire
851:(3rd ed.). Brill Online.
186:), more commonly known by the
1:
1141:6th-century murdered monarchs
709:. In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.).
356:, whose family dominated the
254:
96:
1102:al-Nu'man III ibn al-Mundhir
1094:al-Mundhir IV ibn al-Mundhir
1064:al-Mundhir III ibn al-Nu'man
1040:al-Mundhir II ibn al-Mundhir
1016:al-Nu'man I ibn Imru al-Qays
232:al-Mundhir III ibn al-Nu'man
752:Hoyland, Robert G. (2001).
174:
1182:
1024:al-Mundhir I ibn al-Nu'man
795:Rothstein, Gustav (1899).
1048:al-Nu'man II ibn al-Aswad
971:
665:, p. 328 (note 774).
509:, pp. 152, 665, 666.
183:
40:
34:King of the Lakhmid state
31:
872:Wensinck, A. J. (1960).
1131:6th-century Arab people
1059:(non-dynastic, 503–505)
1032:al-Aswad ibn al-Mundhir
1008:Imru al-Qays II ibn Amr
1003:(non-dynastic, 363–368)
992:Amr II ibn Imru al-Qays
429:al-Munakhal al-Yashkuri
299:The medieval historian
205:), was the king of the
1072:Amr III ibn al-Mundhir
984:Imru al-Qays I ibn Amr
849:Encyclopaedia of Islam
226:He was the son of the
184:Ἄμβρος ὁ Ἀλαμουνδάρου
156:Amr III ibn al-Mundhir
148:Nestorian Christianity
27:Amr III ibn al-Mundhir
1056:Abu Ya'fur ibn Alqama
689:, pp. 46–47, 95.
421:al-Harith ibn Hilliza
370:conquered the country
336:al-Harith ibn Jabalah
1080:Qabus ibn al-Mundhir
433:Suwayd ibn Khadhdhaq
425:al-Muthaqqib al-Abdi
79:Qabus ibn al-Mundhir
772:Martindale, John R.
653:, pp. 451–452.
605:, pp. 236–252.
593:, pp. 606–607.
437:Yazid ibn Khadhdhaq
395:to the governor of
328:Peter the Patrician
320:peace treaty of 561
175:ʿAmr ibn al-Mundhir
979:(late 3rd century)
888:Lévi-Provençal, E.
839:. In Fleet, Kate;
545:, pp. 99–100.
443:. At his court in
405:Muḍarriṭ al-Ḥijāra
354:Sayf ibn Dhi Yazan
1113:
1112:
1106:
1098:
1090:
1084:
1076:
1068:
1060:
1052:
1044:
1036:
1028:
1020:
1012:
1004:
996:
988:
980:
966:
824:978-0-88402-214-5
744:978-0-7914-4355-2
569:, pp. 96–99.
533:, pp. 55–56.
468:, pp. 53–54.
423:, al-Mutalammis,
172:
153:
152:
1173:
1104:
1096:
1088:
1082:
1074:
1066:
1058:
1050:
1042:
1034:
1026:
1018:
1010:
1002:
994:
986:
978:
964:
950:
943:
936:
927:
922:
877:
868:
828:
806:
791:
767:
748:
724:
720:978-0-521-200929
690:
684:
678:
672:
666:
660:
654:
648:
642:
636:
630:
624:
618:
612:
606:
600:
594:
588:
582:
576:
570:
564:
558:
552:
546:
540:
534:
528:
522:
516:
510:
504:
498:
492:
469:
463:
344:
342:
316:Byzantine Empire
259:
256:
240:
238:
200:
185:
177:
167:
165:
101:
98:
45:
24:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1089:(governor, 574)
967:
954:
871:
845:Rowson, Everett
831:
825:
809:
794:
788:
770:
764:
751:
745:
729:Bosworth, C. E.
727:
721:
703:Bosworth, C. E.
701:
698:
693:
685:
681:
673:
669:
661:
657:
649:
645:
637:
633:
625:
621:
613:
609:
601:
597:
589:
585:
577:
573:
565:
561:
553:
549:
541:
537:
529:
525:
517:
513:
505:
501:
493:
472:
466:Martindale 1992
464:
457:
453:
417:
415:Cultural legacy
385:
377:Amr ibn Kulthum
339:
301:Yaqut al-Hamawi
282:Sasanian Empire
278:
257:
235:
224:
215:Aksumite Empire
211:Sasanian Empire
108:Lakhmid kingdom
102:
99:
21:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1179:
1177:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1118:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1099:
1091:
1085:
1077:
1069:
1061:
1053:
1045:
1037:
1029:
1021:
1013:
1005:
1000:Aws ibn Qallam
997:
989:
981:
972:
969:
968:
956:Rulers of the
955:
953:
952:
945:
938:
930:
924:
923:
884:Kramers, J. H.
880:Gibb, H. A. R.
875:"ʿAmr b. Hind"
869:
841:Krämer, Gudrun
837:"ʿAmr b. Hind"
829:
823:
807:
792:
786:
774:, ed. (1992).
768:
762:
749:
743:
731:, ed. (1999).
725:
719:
697:
694:
692:
691:
687:Rothstein 1899
679:
675:Rothstein 1899
667:
655:
643:
641:, p. 370.
631:
629:, p. 102.
627:Rothstein 1899
619:
617:, p. 452.
607:
595:
583:
571:
567:Rothstein 1899
559:
557:, p. 279.
547:
543:Rothstein 1899
535:
523:
519:Rothstein 1899
511:
499:
470:
454:
452:
449:
416:
413:
384:
381:
347:Constantinople
343: 528–569
277:
274:
258: 550/552
239: 502–554
223:
220:
164:عمرو بن المنذر
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
137:
133:
132:
130:Al-Mundhir III
127:
123:
122:
117:
111:
110:
94:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
69:Al-Mundhir III
66:
62:
61:
51:
47:
46:
38:
37:
29:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1178:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1146:Lakhmid kings
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1103:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1086:
1081:
1078:
1073:
1070:
1065:
1062:
1057:
1054:
1049:
1046:
1041:
1038:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1006:
1001:
998:
993:
990:
985:
982:
977:
976:Amr I ibn Adi
974:
973:
970:
963:
959:
951:
946:
944:
939:
937:
932:
931:
928:
920:
916:
912:
908:
906:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
876:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
833:Shahîd, Irfan
830:
826:
820:
816:
812:
811:Shahîd, Irfan
808:
804:
800:
799:
793:
789:
787:0-521-20160-8
783:
779:
778:
773:
769:
765:
763:0-415-19535-7
759:
755:
750:
746:
740:
736:
735:
730:
726:
722:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
699:
695:
688:
683:
680:
677:, p. 95.
676:
671:
668:
664:
663:Bosworth 1999
659:
656:
652:
651:Wensinck 1960
647:
644:
640:
639:Bosworth 1999
635:
632:
628:
623:
620:
616:
615:Wensinck 1960
611:
608:
604:
603:Bosworth 1999
599:
596:
592:
591:Bosworth 1983
587:
584:
580:
575:
572:
568:
563:
560:
556:
551:
548:
544:
539:
536:
532:
527:
524:
521:, p. 94.
520:
515:
512:
508:
503:
500:
496:
491:
489:
487:
485:
483:
481:
479:
477:
475:
471:
467:
462:
460:
456:
450:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
414:
412:
410:
406:
401:
398:
394:
390:
389:al-Mutalammis
382:
380:
378:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
348:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
312:
310:
309:al-Mundhir IV
306:
302:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
275:
273:
271:
267:
263:
252:
248:
244:
233:
229:
221:
219:
216:
212:
208:
207:Lakhmid Arabs
204:
203:ʿAmr ibn Hind
196:
192:
189:
181:
176:
170:
161:
157:
149:
146:
142:
138:
134:
131:
128:
124:
121:
118:
116:
112:
109:
105:
95:
91:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
39:
36:
35:
30:
25:
22:
19:
1071:
965:(c. 300–602)
910:
903:
848:
814:
802:
797:
776:
753:
733:
710:
682:
670:
658:
646:
634:
622:
610:
598:
586:
574:
562:
550:
538:
531:Hoyland 2001
526:
514:
502:
441:Imru al-Qays
418:
408:
404:
402:
386:
374:
351:
313:
298:
279:
225:
202:
191:Amr ibn Hind
190:
155:
154:
32:
20:
18:
1067:(503/5–554)
900:Pellat, Ch.
892:Schacht, J.
579:Shahîd 1995
555:Shahîd 1995
507:Shahîd 1995
495:Shahîd 2010
199:عمرو بن هند
65:Predecessor
1126:569 deaths
1120:Categories
451:References
247:matronymic
188:matronymic
100: 569
1105:(580–602)
1097:(575–580)
1083:(569–574)
1075:(554–569)
1051:(497–503)
1043:(490–497)
1035:(462–490)
1027:(418–462)
1019:(390–418)
1011:(368–390)
995:(328–363)
987:(295–328)
919:495469456
909:Volume I:
896:Lewis, B.
865:1873-9830
383:Character
366:Khosrau I
362:al-Tabari
358:Hadramawt
332:Ghassanid
169:romanized
75:Successor
958:Lakhmids
902:(eds.).
847:(eds.).
835:(2010).
813:(1995).
705:(1983).
409:Muḥarriq
264:viceroy
262:Aksumite
144:Religion
120:Lakhmids
1087:Suhrab
962:al-Hira
696:Sources
445:al-Hira
397:Bahrayn
322:ending
290:Taghlib
243:Kindite
228:Lakhmid
171::
88:unknown
917:
898:&
863:
821:
784:
760:
741:
717:
393:Tarafa
292:, and
266:Abraha
251:Ma'add
195:Arabic
160:Arabic
136:Mother
126:Father
878:. In
801:[
334:king
305:Qabus
294:Tamim
276:Reign
270:Riyad
230:king
180:Greek
115:House
50:Reign
915:OCLC
861:ISSN
819:ISBN
782:ISBN
758:ISBN
739:ISBN
715:ISBN
435:and
391:and
286:Bakr
222:Life
104:Najd
93:Died
85:Born
960:of
911:A–B
853:doi
59:569
55:554
53:CE
1122::
907:.
894:;
890:;
886:;
882:;
859:.
473:^
458:^
431:,
427:,
372:.
341:r.
296:.
288:,
255:c.
237:r.
201:,
197::
182::
178:;
166:,
162::
106:,
97:c.
949:e
942:t
935:v
921:.
867:.
855::
827:.
790:.
766:.
747:.
723:.
497:.
338:(
234:(
193:(
158:(
57:–
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
