Amenhotep III - Knowledge

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the Volga river: three from Sintashta and two from Krasnoyarsk. Also in a basal position, there are three modern Russian samples (two from the Altai region) and one Danish sequence. Interestingly, while the vast majority (70%) of H2 modern sequences in our dataset are of European origin, H2b displays a strong South Asian component, with seven samples from Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka. The newly published Sintashta and Middle Bronze Age Krasnoyarsk (Russian) sequences (Narasimhan et al.2018), together with the previously released Yamnaya and Srubnaya, span a period from 5 to 3.5 ka. These, plus the modern South Asian sequences, support our earlier suggestion that H2b was involved in movements east and southwards from the Pontic-Caspian region into South Asia, by documenting its progress eastwards across the Eurasian Steppe. The

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In the 14th century BCE, the pharaoh sent an expedition to Cyprus to establish Egyptian control over the island, which was subsequently maintained for several centuries. During this time, the Egyptians established a number of settlements on the island, and they exported copper and other raw materials

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Amenhotep's refusal to allow one of his daughters to be married to the Babylonian monarch may indeed have followed from Egyptian royal custom, which allowed a claim upon the throne through descent from a royal princess. It could also be viewed as a diplomatic stratagem to enhance Egypt's prestige, as

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After the Sed festival, Amenhotep transcended from being a near-god to one divine. The king may have later traveled across Egypt following the festival, potentially reenacting the ceremony for different audiences. Few Egyptian kings lived long enough for their own celebration. Those who survived used

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would have ruled until he came of age, none is attested in the surviving records. In Regnal Year 11, Amenhotep commanded the construction of an artificial lake at Tiye's hometown of Djakaru. He then celebrated a Festival of Opening the Lake in the third month of Inundation, day sixteen, and rowed the

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H2b is a minor branch. It contains several ancient samples from Russia, all basal to the rest of the branch, including one individual from the Yamnaya culture and one from the Late Bronze Age Srubnaya culture, both from the Pontic-Caspian Steppe region, and five other Bronze Age samples from east of

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gave "conclusive evidence" of a coregency that lasted at least eight years. In the tomb, the cartouches of the two pharaohs were carved side by side. However, this conclusion has since been called into question by other egyptologists, according to whom the inscription means only that construction on

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Temples were built and statues erected up and down the Nile. Craftsmen and jewelers created ornaments commentating the event including jewelry, ornaments, and stelae. The scribe Nebmerutef coordinated every step of the event. He directed Amenhotep to use his mace to knock on the temple doors. Beside

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of Nineveh, mistress of all lands: "I wish to go to Egypt, a country that I love, and then return." Now I herewith send her, and she is on her way. Now, in the time, too, of my father,... went to this country, and just as earlier she dwelt there and they honored her, may my brother now honor her 10

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to plan the ceremony, potentially because he was one of the few courtiers still alive to have served at the last Sed Festival, held for Amenhotep II. In preparation for the first Sed Festival, Amenhotep, son of Hapu enlisted scribes to gather information from records and inscriptions, most found in

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him, Amenhotep-Hapu mirrored his effort like a royal shadow. The king was followed by Queen Tiye and the royal daughters. When moving to another venue, the banner of the jackal god Wepwawet, "Opener of Ways" preceded the King. The king changed his costume at each major activity of the celebration.

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He was survived by at least one child, his successor Amenhotep IV. His wife Tiye is known to have outlived him by at least twelve years, as she is mentioned in several Amarna letters dated from her son's reign, as well as depicted at the royal dinner table in Akhenaten's years 9 and 12, in scenes

2376:; he concluded that "a majority an affinity with 'Sub-Saharan' Africans in one affinity analysis". However, he emphasized the complexity of ethnic attributions, cautioning that the royal mummies may have had other affiliations obscured by the typological categories, and that different "data and 1274:. Built mostly out of mud-brick, it was Amenhotep's residence throughout most of the later part of his reign. Construction began around Regnal Year 11 and continued until the king moved to the palace permanently around Regnal Year 29. Once completed, it was the largest royal residence in Egypt. 1157:

Finally, he married at least two of his daughters, Sitamun and Iset, in the last decade of his reign. Jar-label inscriptions from Regnal Year 30 indicate that Sitamun was elevated to the status of Great Royal Wife by that time. Although shunned by common Egyptians, incest was not uncommon among

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headress have come from excavations behind the Colossi of Memnon as well as from Tanis in the Delta. In 2014, two giant statues of Amenhotep toppled by an earthquake in 1200 BC were reconstructed from more than 200 fragments and re-erected at the northern gate of the king's funerary temple.

1319: 1687:'s reforming zeal shook these old certainties to their foundations, and forced the momentous question whether a pharaoh was more powerful than his society as represented in the worship of Amun. Akhenaten even moved the capital away from Thebes, the center of Amun's worship, and built 2329:, identified in the study as Akhenaten, and "The Younger Lady", sibling parents of his grandson, Tutankhamun. A more recent study, published in 2020, traced the family lineage via Y-chromosomes and mtDNA. Although only a partial profile was obtained, he shares his YDNA haplogroup, 1247:

held many offices during the reign of Amenhotep the pharaoh, but is best known for receiving the right to build his mortuary temple behind that of the king. Amenhotep, son of Hapu, was deified after his death and was one of the few non-royals to be worshiped in such a manner.

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Despite the martial prowess Amenhotep displayed during the hunt, he is known to have participated in only one military incident. In Regnal Year Five, he led a victorious campaign against a rebellion in Kush. This victory was commemorated by three rock-carved stelae found near

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These show malicious damage where the cartouche was chipped away. Cassirer suggests this was another example of Akhenaten's vandalism against Amun Other gods displayed on the stela, Re and Ma’at, showed no damage. The altered stela may then have been displayed by Akhenaten.

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Gad, Yehia; Ismail, Somaia; Fathalla, Dina; Khairat, Rabab; Fares, Suzan; Gad, Ahmed Zakaria; Saad, Rama; Moustafa, Amal; ElShahat, Eslam; Mandil, Naglaa; Fateen, Mohamed; Elleithy, Hisham; Wasef, Sally; Zink, Albert; Hawass, Zahi; Pusch, Carsten (2020).

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When Amenhotep died, he left behind a country at the very height of its power and influence, commanding immense respect in the international world. However, it was a country wedded to age-old political and religious certainties under the Amun priesthood.

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According to historian William Stiebling and archaeologist Susan N. Helft, conflicting DNA analyses by different research teams have thusfar failed to establish consensus on the genetic makeup of the ancient Egyptians and their geographic origins.

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outside of Thebes. The tomb is the largest in the West Valley of the Kings and includes two side chambers for his Great Royal Wives, Tiye and Sitamun. However, it does not seem that either woman was buried there. During the reign of Smendes in the

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was taken from Egypt to Europe by an art dealer. Once owned by Eric Cassirer, it is now believed to be in a private collection in the United States. The white alabaster stela is 10 × 9 cm (3.94 × 3.54 in), but only its upper half survived.

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Hawass, Zahi; Gad, Yehia Z.; Ismail, Somaia; Khairat, Rabab; Fathalla, Dina; Hasan, Naglaa; Ahmed, Amal; Elleithy, Hisham; Ball, Markus; Gaballah, Fawzi; Wasef, Sally; Fateen, Mohamed; Amer, Hany; Gostner, Paul; Selim, Ashraf (2010-02-17).

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Thutmose, the eldest son of Amenhotep III with his wife Tiye, became Crown Prince, but died before his father. Amenhotep was ultimately succeeded by his second son, who ascended the throne as Amenhotep IV and later took the name Akhenaten.

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One of the major highlights of the festival was the king's dual coronation. He was enthroned separately for Upper and Lower Egypt. For Upper Egypt, Amenhotep wore the white crown but changed to the red crown for the Lower Egypt coronation.

2356:(STR) published data from studies by Hawass et al. 2010;2012 which sought to determine familial relations and research pathological features such as potential infectious diseases among the New Kingdom royal mummies, including 1423:." Moran agrees that this explanation was more likely. Further, Moran argues that the contents of Amarna Letter EA 21 support this claim, wherein Tushratta asks the gods, including Ishtar, for their blessing of the marriage. 1383:, late in Amenhotep's reign. Scholars have generally assumed that the statue's sojourn to Egypt was requested by Amenhotep in order to cure him of his various ailments, which included painful abscesses in his teeth. However, 2675: 4120: 1885:

which means "the Dazzling Sun Disk"; it appears in his titulary at Luxor temple and was frequently used as the name for one of his palaces, and for the Year 11 royal barge, as well as for a company of Amenhotep's army.

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Amenhotep-Huy's tomb started during Amenhotep III's reign and ended under Akhenaten's, and Amenhotep-Huy thus simply wanted to pay his respects to both rulers, carving their names separately rather than simultaneously.

2585: 1415:), the mistress of heaven, protect us, my brother and me, a 100,000 years, and may our mistress grant both of us great joy. And let us act as friends. Is Šauška for me alone my god, and for my brother not his god? 1291:, consisting of a series of tests that demonstrated the pharaoh's fitness for continuing as ruler of Egypt. Based on indications left by Queen Tiye's steward Khenruef, the festival may have lasted two to eight months. 2613: 2597: 1427:

from Cyprus to Egypt in exchange for luxury goods and other commodities. However, the Egyptian presence on Cyprus was at times interrupted by incursions of other powers, including the Hittites and the Mycenaeans.

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royalty. A sculpture restored by Amenhotep for his grandfather, Amenhotep II, shows Sitamun with a young prince beside her. This has led to theories that Sitamun was the mother of Smekhkare and/or Tutankhamun.

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in Nubia. Similarly, five other scarabs state that his wife Gilukhepa of Mitanni arrived in Egypt with a retinue of 317 women. She was the first of many such princesses who would enter the pharaoh's family.

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His reign was a period of unprecedented prosperity and splendour, when Egypt reached the peak of its artistic and international power, and as such he is considered one of ancient Egypt's greatest pharaohs.

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in Regnal Years 30, 34, and 37, each at Malkata palace in Western Thebes. A temple of Amun and festival hall were built especially for the celebrations. The Sed festival was a tradition that dated to the

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Amenhotep has the distinction of having the most surviving statues of any Egyptian pharaoh, with over 250 identified. These statues provide a series of portraits covering the entire length of his reign.

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were commissioned and distributed during Amenhotep's reign. On the "marriage scarabs," Amenhotep affirmed his divine power and the legitimacy of his wife. With Tiye, Amenhotep fathered at least two sons,

2333:, with his son and grandson, upholding the family tree outlined in the earlier study. However, the specific clade of R1b was not determined. The mitochondrial haplogroup of Amenhotep III was found to be 2628: 3798: 1557:

and obesity. Further, a forensic examination of his mummy revealed worn and cavity-pitted teeth which must have inflicted constant pain. An examination of the mummy by the Australian anatomist

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The god Heh, representing the number one million, holds notched palm leaves signifying years and the cartouche of Amenhotep, symbolically raising the pharoah for a million years.

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The likeliest explanation is that the statue was sent to Egypt "to shed her blessings on the wedding of Amenhotep and Tadukhepa, as she had been sent previously for Amenhotep and

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Hieroglyphs on the backpillar of Amenhotep 's statue. There are 2 places where Akhenaten erased the name Amun, later restored on a deeper surface. The British Museum, London

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For the 18th dynasty, the mummy shows an unusually heavy use of subcutaneous stuffing to make the mummy look more lifelike. The mummy has museum inventory number CG 61074.

4121:"Ideas about "Race" in Nile Valley Histories: A Consideration of "Racial" Paradigms in Recent Presentations on Nile Valley Africa, from "Black Pharaohs" to Mummy Genomest" 1462:, and other scholars argue strongly against the establishment of a long coregency between the two rulers and in favor of either no coregency or one of at most two years. 1839:

One of the most stunning finds of royal statues dating to his reign was made as recently as 1989 in the courtyard of Amenhotep 's colonnade of the Temple of Luxor. The

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with his son Amenhotep IV. Lawrence Berman has claimed that proponents of the coregency theory tended to be art historians, while historians remained unconvinced.

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Amarna letter. Letter from Labayu (ruler of Shechem) to the Egyptian Pharaoh Amenhotep III or his son Akhenaten. 14th century BCE. From Tell el-Amarna, Egypt.

2645: 8544: 8512: 1505: 1079: 44: 1553:, Steward of the King's Great Wife, Tiye, depict Amenhotep as a visibly weak and sick figure. Scientists believe that in his final years he suffered from 3516: 2650: 1497:

king Tushratta, claiming that Amenhotep IV did not honor his father's promise to send Tushratta gold statues as part of the marriage arrangement between

1734:. The king also started work on the Tenth Pylon at the Temple of Amun. Amenhotep's first recorded act as king — in his Years 1 and 2 — was to open new 8242: 8237: 2840: 1214:

There is a significant attestation for the court officials who served during Amenhotep's reign, primarily through the discovery of their tombs in the

1069: 1895:, believed to have been built by king to house craftsmen and labourers working on royal projects at Thebes, along with its own bakery and cemetery. 1641: 8371: 8217: 8212: 2660: 1911:

A series of festival (ḥb) emblems together with a Sed (sd) emblem identifying the stela as one made for Amenhotep 's Sed Festival royal jubilee.

3756: 1501:, and Amenhotep III. This correspondence implies that if any coregency occurred between Amenhotep and Akhenaten, it lasted no more than a year. 8222: 1920: 1083:

One of the many commemorative "marriage scarabs" of Amenhotep, which affirm the divine power of the king and the legitimacy of his wife, Tiye.

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When I heard that my brother Nimmureya had gone to his fate, on that day I sat down and wept. On that day I took no food, I took no water.

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The Amarna Letters also reference the exchange between Amenhotep and the Mitanni King Tushratta of the statue of a healing goddess,

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When he died in the 38th or 39th year of his reign he was succeeded by his son Amenhotep IV, who later changed his name to

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times more than before. May my brother honor her, at pleasure let her go so that she may come back. May Šauška (i.e.,

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N. de G. Davies, The rock tombs of El-Amarna, Parts III and IV, 1905 (Reprinted 2004), The Egypt Exploration Society,

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of Mitanni, in or around Regnal Year 36 of his reign. Other wives, whose names are unknown, included: a daughter of

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https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/118093/Amenhotep-III-achieved-unprecedented-equality-with-his-wife-Tiye-recent

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From other scarabs, Amenhotep is known to have killed either 102 or 110 lions in the first ten years of his reign.

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Berman, Lawrence M. (1998). "Overview of Amenhotep III and His Reign". In O'Connor, David; Cline, Eric (eds.).

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Amenhotep III achieved unprecedented equality with his wife Tiye, recent study. (2022, August 3). EgyptToday.

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and later pharaohs for their own construction projects. All that remained standing was the gateway with the

1482: 1769:, a rock temple dedicated to Amun "Lord of the Ways" at Wadi es-Sebuam, and the temple of Horus of Miam at 1493:, which is dated to Regnal Year 2 of Amenhotep IV. The subject of the letter involves a complaint from the 1166: 8594: 8486: 8476: 8393: 8257: 8247: 7795: 7774: 7693: 6607: 6467: 6077: 5711: 5671: 5465: 5407: 5291: 5095: 4758: 2346: 1295: 1244: 1219: 1372:

Amenhotep himself married the daughters of several foreign rulers while refusing them his own daughters.

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to the south. Some of the most magnificent statues of New Kingdom Egypt date to his reign "such as the

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in Nubia. The official account of Amenhotep's military victory emphasizes his martial prowess with the

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Amenhotep probably became pharaoh when he was between the ages of 6 and 12. While it is likely that a

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Causing His Name to Live: Studies in Egyptian Epigraphy and History in Memory of William J. Murnane

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Causing His Name to Live: Studies in Egyptian Epigraphy and History in Memory of William J. Murnane

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included a nearly undamaged 6 feet (1.8 m)-high pink quartzite statue of the king wearing the

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Amenhotep's greatest attested regnal date is Year 38, which appears on wine jar-label dockets from

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Amenhotep wanted his Sed Festivals to be far more spectacular than those of the past. He appointed

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Loprieno, Antonio (2001) "From Ancient Egyptian to Coptic" in Haspelmath, Martin et al. (eds.),

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two outstanding couchant rose granite lions originally set before the temple at Soleb in Nubia

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from June 1386 to 1349 BC, or from June 1388 BC to December 1351 BC/1350 BC, after his father

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Aidan Dodson (1990). "Crown Prince Djhutmose and the Royal Sons of the Eighteenth Dynasty".

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Hayes, William (1973). "Internal affairs from Thutmosis I to the death of Amenophis III".

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The Divine Father: Religious and Philosophical Concepts of Divine Parenthood in Antiquity

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In 2021, excavations revealed a settlement near Amenhotep's mortuary temple, called the

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Foreign leaders communicated their grief at the pharaoh's death, with Tushratta saying:

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Another striking characteristic of Amenhotep's reign is the series of over 200 large

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The arrival of the statue is known to have coincided with Amenhotep's marriage with

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in firmly rejecting the latter's entreaty to marry one of this pharaoh's daughters:

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on the lake. This event was commemorated on at least eleven commemorative scarabs.

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The Complete Valley of the Kings: Tombs and Treasures of Egypt's Greatest Pharaohs

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Egypt and Eastern Mediterranean in the Bronze Age, levant,Aegean, Cyprus and Egypt

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Troy, Lana (1986). "Patterns of Queenship in Ancient Egyptian Myth and History".

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https://www.egypttoursportal.com/en-us/blog/egyptian-pharaohs/king-amenhotep-iii/

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Diplomatic correspondence from Amenhotep's reign are partially preserved in the

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Royal and Divine Statuary in Egypt's Dazzling Sun: Amenhotep III and his World

2369: 2342: 1924: 1806: 1710:, a colonnade behind the new temple entrance, and a new temple to the goddess 1445: 1171: 1096: 1053: 832: 813: 4034: 3088: 17: 8336: 8075: 7990: 7953: 7879: 7873: 7800: 7780: 7497: 7479: 7424: 7404: 7267: 7102: 7085: 7035: 6888: 6855: 6850: 6792: 6591: 6412: 6365: 6277: 6254: 6027: 5893: 5862: 5430: 5256: 5137: 4874: 3973: 3887: 2377: 2373: 2325:

Genetic analysis has confirmed that Amenhotep III is the father of both the

2274: 1863: 1852: 1810: 1735: 1684: 1554: 1498: 1420: 1399: 1395: 1352: 1226: 1203: 1127: 1123: 1111: 1088: 1065: 1045: 1005: 985: 974: 853: 827: 801: 779: 775: 90: 6317: 4506: 4091: 4042: 3992: 3921: 3615: 1923:

that have been discovered over a large geographic area ranging from Syria (

1391:, relating to the dispatch of the statue to Thebes, discounts this theory. 1299:

ancient funerary temples, describing the appropriate rituals and costumes.

4497: 4025: 4008: 3888:"Untangling Neolithic and Bronze Age mitochondrial lineages in South Asia" 1016:, who had taken the form of Thutmose IV to father a child with Mutemwiya. 679: 549: 399: 262: 138: 8145: 8140: 8129: 8096: 8011: 8004: 7958: 7930: 7924: 7889: 7852: 7847: 7842: 7837: 7469: 7409: 7252: 7224: 6817: 6747: 6559: 6545: 6525: 6487: 6399: 6344: 6302: 6134: 6104: 6067: 6012: 5857: 5734: 5639: 5583: 5478: 5385: 5379: 5368: 5334: 5218: 5204: 5197: 5184: 5148: 4888: 4239:(2001 ed.). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. pp. 1–25. 1738: 1711: 1644:, along with those of 17 other kings and 4 queens in an event termed the 933: 1367:

From time immemorial, no daughter of the king of Egy is given to anyone.

1048:. In addition, several daughters are frequently credited to the couple: 8122: 8061: 7904: 7588: 7399: 7393: 7381: 7262: 7257: 7194: 7173: 7018: 6970: 6870: 6860: 6585: 6482: 6452: 6434: 6423: 6406: 6358: 6351: 6282: 6204: 5852: 5660: 5646: 5558: 5509: 5415: 5358: 5309: 5142: 5132: 5112: 5045: 4895: 4774: 4723:

Uppsala Studies in Ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern Civilizations

4305: 4108:

from the original on Mar 14, 2023 – via Griffith Research Online.

4082: 3606: 3589: 2676:

The lion hunts of Amenhotep III during the first ten years of his reign

2365: 1844: 1818: 1715: 1542: 1494: 1380: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1257: 1143: 1135: 1119: 1061: 1049: 958: 886: 817: 805: 783: 58: 4073: 1855:, clearly part of Akhenaten's campaign against the god of his father. 8029: 7899: 7536: 7419: 7024: 6995: 6865: 6840: 6632: 6566: 6392: 6385: 6312: 6267: 6261: 6087: 6007: 5593: 5420: 5373: 5327: 5299: 5225: 5103: 5062: 4944: 4909: 4881: 3939:

in the Ural Mountains, or a "Sintashta-derived" culture (such as the

2817:

https://www.thoughtco.com/pharaoh-amenhotep-iii-and-queen-tiye-120268

1778: 1731: 1719: 1699: 1688: 1561:

concluded that the pharaoh had died at between the age of 40 and 50.

1412: 1407: 1376: 1332: 1230: 1179: 1151: 1073: 4297: 2815:

Silver, C. (2017). Pharaoh Amenhotep III and Queen Tiye. ThoughtCo.

8115: 7894: 7884: 7862: 7520: 6429: 6417: 6330: 6247: 6098: 6032: 5694: 5516: 5363: 5321: 5315: 5107: 5066: 4937: 4930: 4916: 1928: 1857: 1831: 1784: 1754: 1666: 1627: 1584: 1546: 1526: 1520: 1476: 1318: 1195: 1107: 1078: 1028: 1009: 995: 966: 2634:

A prostrate figurine of Amenhotep III found in Tutankhamun's tomb

8361: 7867: 7857: 7247: 7122: 6323: 5653: 5473: 5455: 5340: 5122: 5117: 4951: 4606:

Ancient Egyptian Literature: A Book of Readings: The Late Period

2326: 2110: 1848: 1798: 1723: 1692: 1607: 1594: 1270: 1024: 1020: 1013: 938: 875: 871: 771: 8295: 8175: 7292: 6657: 5759: 4785: 4747: 3757:"Amenhotep III Statues Once More Stand Before Pharaoh's Temple" 3063:

Albrecht, Felix; Feldmeier, Reinhard, eds. (February 6, 2014).

1753:

to undertake his great building projects. He virtually covered

8291: 6072: 3957:"The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia" 2364:. Keita used the Popaffiliator algorithm which differentiates 1727: 1311:

the celebration as the affirmation of transition to divinity.

923: 638: 507: 383: 246: 122: 4418:"Maternal and Paternal Lineages in King Tutankhamun's Family" 2710: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2702: 1718:

court, was also decorated with scenes of the sacred funerary

1267:, "House of Rejoicing". Originally, the palace was known as 389:"The great-of-strength one who has struck down the Asiatics" 4743: 4396:

Chronicle of a Pharaoh – The Intimate Life of Amenhotep III

2767:

Die Ägyptischen Personennamen, Bd. 1: Verzeichnis der Namen

1761:...including a small temple with a colonnade (dedicated to 1154:; and a daughter of the ruler of Ammia (modern-day Syria). 1012:

Temple. Amenhotep claimed that his true father was the god

690: 560: 422: 285: 163: 3833: 3831: 3588:

Habicht, M.E; Bouwman, A.S; Rühli, F.J (25 January 2016).

1851:

had been hacked out wherever it appeared in the pharaoh's

1606:, Amenhotep's mummy was later moved to the mummy cache in 1260:

was built in the 14th century BC and its ancient name was

4422:

Guardian of Ancient Egypt: Essays in Honor of Zahi Hawass

3739: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3163: 3161: 2986: 2984: 2827:

Team, E. (2023). King Amenhotep III. Egypt Tours Portal.

4138:

Jr, William H. Stiebing; Helft, Susan N. (3 July 2023).

2971: 2969: 1004:

Amenhotep was the son of Thutmose IV and his minor wife

3387: 3385: 3013: 3011: 1444:

It has long been theorized that Amenhotep III shared a

4523:

The Middle East and the Aegean Region, C. 1800–1380 BC

2888: 2886: 2884: 1095:

Amenhotep is also sometimes credited as the father of

4476:"Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family" 4009:"Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family" 252:"Who has established laws and pacified the Two Lands" 1632:

Mummified head of Amenhotep III following unwrapping

973:

died. Amenhotep was Thutmose's son by a minor wife,

698: 654: 568: 525: 428: 403: 291: 266: 171: 142: 8495: 8437: 8379: 8329: 7828: 7813: 7654: 7626: 7611: 7574: 7546: 7506: 7488: 7438: 7371: 7356: 7323: 7314: 7238: 7215: 7148: 7071: 7009: 6961: 6946: 6879: 6826: 6738: 6723: 6688: 6679: 6576: 6535: 6443: 6375: 6223: 5991: 5976: 5912: 5886: 5838: 5823: 5790: 5781: 5710: 5670: 5545: 5530: 5464: 5406: 5349: 5290: 5275: 5165: 5094: 5079: 4980: 4864: 4849: 4816: 4807: 4424:. Czech Institute of Egyptology. pp. 497–518. 3801:", National Geographic, April 12, 2021 with images. 2591:

Drawing of Amenhotep III bust in the British Museum

1331:, a collection of documents found near the city of 900: 882: 867: 859: 849: 839: 793: 767: 623: 492: 368: 231: 107: 86: 76: 64: 57: 32: 4617: 4554: 4448:Ancient Egyptian Queens: A Hieroglyphic Dictionary 4393: 4337: 4314: 4258: 1801:was, in its day, the largest religious complex in 3913:20.500.11820/cb51c121-196b-4cc8-914c-dfdae3bb7750 3452:Proof found of Amenhotep III-Akhenaten co-regency 1862:Obverse: The Stela of Amenhotep. back: raised by 1072:from Medinet Habu, and Beketaten only appears in 4366:. In Brand, Peter James; Cooper, Louise (eds.). 4261:The Large Commemorative Scarabs of Amenhotep III 4185:. In Brand, Peter James; Cooper, Louise (eds.). 2572:Amenhotep wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt, 2553:Amenhotep wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt, 2401:Granodiorite seated statue of Amenhotep at the 1508:announced that findings from the tomb of Vizier 1481:A statue head of Amenhotep III collected by the 1440:Proposed coregency with Amenhotep IV / Akhenaten 27:Ninth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt 4579:The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary 4484:The Journal of the American Medical Association 3572: 2603:Amenhotep III from KV 22 tomb of Amenhotep III 2433:Granodiorite Amenhotep (Left Statue) Close up, 2337:, which is associated with migrations from the 1759: 1574: 1404: 1365: 4474:Hawass, Zahi; et al. (17 February 2010). 1000:Amenhotep and Tiye with one of their daughters 8307: 4759: 4624:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 3861: 1881:One of Amenhotep's most popular epithets was 1698:Amenhotep built extensively at the temple of 1359:, Amenhotep is quoted by the Babylonian king 8: 4676:(2000 ed.). London: Thames and Hudson. 4340:The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt 4125:Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections 3463: 3002: 2948: 2916: 2904: 2740:Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, 2646:Colossal red granite statue of Amenhotep III 1636:In April 2021, his mummy was moved from the 1589:The mummy of Amenhotep III during unwrapping 8610:Pharaohs of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt 2938:Part III. The Tombs of Huya and Ahmes, 1905 965:. According to different authors, he ruled 128:"The strong bull who has appeared in truth" 8314: 8300: 8292: 8172: 7825: 7623: 7368: 7320: 7311: 7289: 6958: 6735: 6685: 6676: 6654: 5988: 5835: 5787: 5778: 5756: 5542: 5287: 5091: 4861: 4813: 4804: 4782: 4766: 4752: 4744: 4712:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4544:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4144:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 209–212. 3873: 3583: 3581: 2651:Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III 1949: 1940: 702: 658: 572: 529: 432: 407: 295: 270: 175: 146: 104: 43: 29: 4561:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4496: 4370:. Leiden; Boston: Brill. pp. 65–82. 4099: 4081: 4024: 3982: 3972: 3911: 3605: 3050: 2975: 2875: 2791: 2753:Language Typology and Language Universals 2579:. From Thebes, Egypt. British Museum. EA7 2560:. From Thebes, Egypt. British Museum. EA6 2417:Granodiorite statue of Amenhotep at the 1691:, a city dedicated to his new deity, the 1610:along with several other pharaohs of the 1485:. The image was created during his reign. 4650:Amenhotep III: Perspectives on His Reign 4648:O'Connor, David; Cline, Eric H. (2001). 4641:Amenhotep III: Perspectives on His Reign 4236:Amenhotep III: Perspectives on His Reign 4189:. Leiden; Boston: Brill. pp. 9–20. 4141:Ancient Near Eastern History and Culture 3837: 3822: 3810: 3666: 3550:"Amenhetep III | Theban Mapping Project" 3536: 3440:Pharaoh power-sharing unearthed in Egypt 2960: 2851: 2714: 2607:N 521 A, Other inventory number: LP 2114 1872: 1655: 1642:National Museum of Egyptian Civilization 1165: 4530:Kozloff, Arielle; Bryan, Betsy (1992). 3743: 3475: 3227: 3215: 3203: 3186: 3167: 3038: 2990: 2773:. Glückstadt: J.J. Augustin. p. 30 2726: 2686: 2661:Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt Family Tree 2391: 1218:. Among these court officials were the 1110:. In Regnal Year 10, Amenhotep married 160: 38:Nibmu(`w)areya, Mimureya, Amenophis III 4705: 4557:Amenhotep III: Egypt's Radiant Pharaoh 4537: 3849: 3785: 3722: 3710: 3698: 3654: 3487: 3427: 3403: 3391: 3287: 3263: 3152: 3140: 3128: 3111: 3101: 3017: 2892: 2863: 2803: 2742:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2182: 2178: 2168: 2068: 1958: 1954: 1805:, but the king built too close to the 1489:Evidence against a coregency includes 1335:. The letters come from the rulers of 932: 4639:O'Connor, David; Cline, Eric (1998). 4450:. London: Golden House Publications. 4336:Dodson, Aidan; Hilton, Dylan (2004). 4216:Chronologie des Pharaonischen Ägypten 3499: 3415: 3326:The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age 3311: 3299: 3275: 3251: 3239: 2693: 2523:Red Granite Statue, North East side, 2278: 2272: 2262: 2250: 2240: 2236: 2224: 2222: 2212: 2200: 2190: 2186: 2162: 2152: 2140: 2130: 2126: 2114: 2108: 2098: 2086: 2076: 2072: 2056: 2050: 2040: 2024: 2014: 2010: 1998: 1992: 1982: 1966: 1962: 1683:The resulting upheavals from his son 1241:; and the Viceroy of Kush, Merimose. 1046:Amenhotep IV (later called Akhenaten) 7: 1019:In Regnal Year 2, Amenhotep married 644:"Amun is satisfied, ruler of Thebes" 4286:The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 3763:. December 15, 2014. Archived from 3069:(E-book ed.). Leiden; Boston: 1900:Sed Festival Stela of Amenhotep III 1618:, where it lay until discovered by 1070:colossal limestone group of statues 1035:throughout Amenhotep's reign. Many 4119:Keita, S. O. Y. (September 2022). 4056:Hawass, Zahi; et al. (2012). 3679:The Obelisk Court of Amenhotep III 3629:Parisse, Emmanuel (5 April 2021). 3442:Daily News Egypt. February 6, 2014 2619:Depiction of Amenhotep III in the 2508:Right Inscriptions (Left Statue), 25: 8352:317a and 317b mummies (daughters) 4608:. University of California Press. 3594:Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 2936:. Facsimile in Internet Archive: 2493:Left Inscriptions (Left Statue), 2352:In 2022, S.O.Y. Keita analysed 8 513:"The possessor of the Maat of Re" 8370: 4736:Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt 4659:Akhenaten: Egypt's False Prophet 2627: 2612: 2596: 2584: 2565: 2546: 2531: 2516: 2501: 2486: 2471: 2456: 2441: 2426: 2410: 2394: 1506:Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities 891:Mortuary Temple of Amenhotep III 741: 683: 603: 553: 211: 4652:. University of Michigan Press. 4643:. University of Michigan Press. 4344:. London: Thames & Hudson. 3519:from the original on 7 May 2009 3356:Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 2380:might give different results". 1174:, Great Royal Wife of Amenhotep 1106:In addition to Tiye, Amenhotep 4698:Smith, Grafton Elliot (1912). 1638:Museum of Egyptian Antiquities 941:is satisfied"), also known as 1: 7786:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator 4280:Cassirer, Manfred (1952). "A 4218:. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern. 3955:Narasimhan, Vagheesh (2019). 3904:10.1080/03014460.2019.1623319 3761:Latin American Herald Tribute 2907:, nos. 24, 57, 103 & 104. 2573: 2554: 1745:, just south of Cairo and at 1597:in the Western Valley of the 1593:Amenhotep was buried in tomb 631: 500: 376: 239: 115: 8546:The Curse of King Tut's Tomb 8514:The Curse of King Tut's Tomb 8506:Of Time, Tombs and Treasures 4576:Leprohon, Ronald J. (2013). 4553:Kozloff, Arielle P. (2012). 1529:, from Dahamsha, now in the 924: 639: 508: 384: 247: 123: 8357:Amenhotep III (grandfather) 8342:"The Younger Lady" (mother) 7719:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator 4446:Grajetzki, Wolfram (2005). 4400:. Oxford University Press. 4321:. Thames & Hudson Ltd. 3573:Reeves & Wilkinson 1996 1921:commemorative stone scarabs 1282:Amenhotep celebrated three 1269:the Palace of the Dazzling 8646: 6618:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef 6002:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep 5766:Second Intermediate Period 4604:Lichtheim, Miriam (1980). 4467:A History of Ancient Egypt 4255:Blankenberg-van Delden, C. 3368:10.1177/030751339007600107 2448:Bulls Tail (Left Statue), 2180: 2062: 1956: 1944:Ancestors of Amenhotep III 1773:... additional temples at 1504:However in February 2014, 732: 693: 594: 563: 494:Prenomen (Praenomen) 468: 425: 344: 288: 202: 166: 8368: 8280: 8182: 8171: 8069:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus 7759:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos 7310: 7288: 6675: 6664:Third Intermediate Period 6653: 5777: 5755: 4803: 4792:First Intermediate Period 4781: 4734:Tyldesley, Joyce (2006). 4657:Reeves, Nicholas (2000). 4317:Chronicle of the Pharaohs 4284:Stela of Amenophis III". 2738:Loprieno, Antonio (1995) 2256: 2238: 2230: 2206: 2188: 2184: 2146: 2128: 2120: 2092: 2074: 2070: 2034: 2012: 2004: 1976: 1960: 1789:Luxor Temple of Amenhotep 1604:Third Intermediate Period 943:Amenhotep the Magnificent 934:[ʔaˌmaːnəʔˈħutpu] 697: 630: 567: 499: 427: 375: 290: 238: 170: 114: 96: 49:Statue of Amenhotep III, 42: 37: 8625:Ancient Egyptian mummies 8605:14th-century BC pharaohs 7781:Cleopatra VII Philopator 6038:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI 4796: (<3150–2040 BC) 4465:Grimal, Nicolas (1992). 4392:Fletcher, Joann (2000). 4178:Allen, James P. (2009). 4171:Akhenaten: King of Egypt 3799:The New Secrets of Luxor 3554:thebanmappingproject.com 3464:Kozloff & Bryan 1992 3003:Kozloff & Bryan 1992 2949:Dodson & Hilton 2004 2917:Kozloff & Bryan 1992 2905:Kozloff & Bryan 1992 2656:History of ancient Egypt 2621:Rijksmuseum van Oudheden 1797:on the west bank of the 8630:Children of Thutmose IV 7754:Ptolemy XI Alexander II 7669:Ptolemy II Philadelphus 5963:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra 4313:Clayton, Peter (1994). 4180:"The Amarna Succession" 3974:10.1126/science.aat7487 3892:Annals of Human Biology 3797:Simmons, Debra Adams, " 3513:"North Tombs at Amarna" 2764:Ranke, Hermann (1935). 2421:, Left of Statue above. 1671:Amenhotep, Luxor Museum 1646:Pharaohs' Golden Parade 1483:Cleveland Museum of Art 1315:International relations 1206:typical of the period. 1108:had several other wives 920: 515:The Lord of Truth is Re 381:Aa khepesh hui setjetiu 244:Semen hepu segereh tawy 8620:Ancient child monarchs 7796:Ptolemy XIV Philopator 7775:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena 7769:Berenice IV Epiphaneia 7724:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes 7694:Arsinoe III Philopator 6608:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef 6078:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw 6018:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V 5609:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb 4738:. Thames & Hudson. 4661:. Thames & Hudson. 4359:Dorman, Peter (2009). 4265:. Leiden: E.J. Brill. 4173:. Thames & Hudson. 4169:Aldred, Cyril (1991). 2347:Indo-Iranian languages 1878: 1870: 1790: 1783: 1672: 1664: 1633: 1590: 1578: 1533: 1486: 1417: 1369: 1324: 1296:Amenhotep, son of Hapu 1245:Amenhotep, son of Hapu 1210:Court of Amenhotep III 1175: 1092: 1001: 802:Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten 636:Imen hetepu heka waset 8574:Curse of the pharaohs 7744:Ptolemy X Alexander I 7709:Ptolemy VI Philometor 7689:Ptolemy IV Philopator 7684:Berenice II Euergetes 7679:Ptolemy III Euergetes 7641:Philip III Arrhidaeus 6150:Khahotepre Sobekhotep 6145:Merhotepre Sobekhotep 5499:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II 4668:Wilkinson, Richard H. 4498:10.1001/jama.2010.121 4212:Beckerath, Jürgen von 4026:10.1001/jama.2010.121 2538:Limestone Amenhotep, 2405:, from its left side. 2360:, Amenhotep III, and 2339:Pontic-Caspian steppe 1936:Ancestry and genetics 1876: 1861: 1788: 1670: 1659: 1631: 1588: 1524: 1480: 1322: 1169: 1082: 1042:Crown Prince Thutmose 1037:commemorative scarabs 999: 992:Family and early life 874:; Mummy found in the 8419:Meteoric iron dagger 8177:Dynastic genealogies 7801:Ptolemy XV Caesarion 7097:Tutkheperre Shoshenq 7011:High Priests of Amun 6513:Merankhre Mentuhotep 6215:Seheqenre Sankhptahi 6210:Sewadjare Mentuhotep 6063:Khaankhre Sobekhotep 5770: (2040–1550 BC) 5489:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I 3725:, pp. 224, 295. 3657:, pp. 223, 225. 3324:Cline, Eric (2012). 2478:Feet (Left Statue), 2463:Belt (Left Statue), 2370:Sub-Saharan Africans 1757:with new monuments: 1652:Monuments and legacy 1616:Nineteenth Dynasties 1559:Grafton Elliot Smith 640:Imn ḥtp(.w) ḥḳꜣ wꜣst 120:Ka nakht kha em maat 8615:Egyptian architects 8472:Lady Evelyn Herbert 8347:Ankhesenamun (wife) 7699:Ptolemy V Epiphanes 7636:Alexander the Great 6668: (1550–664 BC) 6190:Mershepsesre Ini II 6185:Merkawre Sobekhotep 5579:Neferkare IV Khendu 3466:, p. 39, fig. II.4. 2717:, pp. 102–104. 1599:Valley of the Kings 1491:Amarna Letter EA 27 1389:Amarna Letter EA 23 1122:. He later married 947:Amenhotep the Great 878:(Theban Necropolis) 8522:Mysteries of Egypt 8508:(1977 documentary) 8362:Tiye (grandmother) 8337:Akhenaten (father) 8036:Trebonianus Gallus 6623:Senakhtenre Ahmose 6241:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre 6195:Sewahenre Senebmiu 6170:Sankhenre Sewadjtu 5599:Neferkare V Tereru 5569:Neferkare III Neby 5237:Sekhemib-Perenmaat 4666:Reeves, Nicholas; 4620:The Amarna Letters 4469:. Blackwell Books. 3967:(6457): eaat7487. 3886:Silva, M. (2019). 3862:Hawass et al. 2010 3767:on August 25, 2018 3689:Urk. IV, 1677–1678 3607:10.1002/ajpa.22909 3454:thehistoryblog.com 3339:Muhly, D. (1998). 2671:Quay with Sphinxes 2345:and the spread of 2027:Merytre Hatshepsut 1913:Top and back view: 1879: 1871: 1791: 1673: 1665: 1662:Colossus of Memnon 1634: 1591: 1534: 1487: 1468:William J. Murnane 1357:Amarna Letter EA 4 1325: 1176: 1170:Amenhotep III and 1114:, the daughter of 1093: 1085:Walters Art Museum 1023:, the daughter of 1002: 963:Eighteenth Dynasty 863:1353 BC or 1351 BC 8582: 8581: 8569:Steve Martin song 8564:(2016 miniseries) 8556:(2015 miniseries) 8457:Earl of Carnarvon 8289: 8288: 8276: 8275: 8167: 8166: 8163: 8162: 8159: 8158: 8083:Claudius Gothicus 7977:Severus Alexander 7944:Septimius Severus 7809: 7808: 7607: 7606: 7352: 7351: 7284: 7283: 7280: 7279: 7276: 7275: 6991:Osorkon the Elder 6942: 6941: 6719: 6718: 6649: 6648: 6645: 6644: 6641: 6640: 6613:Nubkheperre Intef 6493:Sekhemre Shedwast 6115:Sehetepkare Intef 6043:Semenkare Nebnuni 5972: 5971: 5819: 5818: 5751: 5750: 5747: 5746: 5743: 5742: 5526: 5525: 5504:Netjerkare Siptah 5426:Neferirkare Kakai 5271: 5270: 5075: 5074: 4845: 4844: 4700:The Royal Mummies 4614:Moran, William L. 4589:978-1-58983-736-2 4568:978-1-107-01196-0 4457:978-0-9547218-9-3 4431:978-80-7308-979-5 4407:978-0-19-521660-8 4377:978-90-04-17644-7 4272:978-90-04-00474-0 4196:978-90-04-17644-7 4151:978-1-000-88066-3 4074:10.1136/bmj.e8268 3937:Sintashta culture 3852:, pp. 11–12. 3788:, pp. 3, 14. 3430:, pp. 75–78. 3418:, pp. 87–89. 3278:, pp. 61–62. 3131:, pp. 16–17. 3080:978-90-04-26477-9 2354:Short Tandem loci 2322: 2321: 2318: 2317: 1866:(1213–1203 a.c.) 1815:Colossi of Memnon 1565:from the tomb of 1464:Donald B. Redford 1361:Kadashman-Enlil I 1216:Theban Necropolis 910: 909: 905:18th Dynasty 895:Colossi of Memnon 761: 760: 757: 756: 753: 752: 749: 748: 736: 735: 728: 727: 724: 723: 674: 673: 670: 669: 619: 618: 615: 614: 611: 610: 598: 597: 590: 589: 586: 585: 544: 543: 540: 539: 488: 487: 484: 483: 480: 479: 472: 471: 466: 465: 462: 461: 419: 418: 415: 414: 364: 363: 360: 359: 356: 355: 348: 347: 342: 341: 338: 337: 282: 281: 278: 277: 248:smn hpw sgrḥ tꜣwy 227: 226: 223: 222: 219: 218: 206: 205: 198: 197: 194: 193: 158: 157: 154: 153: 16:(Redirected from 8637: 8540:(2005 TV series) 8467:Arthur Callender 8404:Head of Nefertem 8374: 8316: 8309: 8302: 8293: 8283:List of pharaohs 8173: 7938:Pescennius Niger 7826: 7822: 7821: 7734:Ptolemy IX Soter 7704:Cleopatra I Syra 7624: 7620: 7619: 7369: 7365: 7364: 7321: 7312: 7305: 7304: 7290: 7041:Djedkhonsuefankh 6959: 6955: 6954: 6736: 6732: 6731: 6706: 6701: 6686: 6677: 6670: 6669: 6655: 6248:Qareh Khawoserre 6234:Yakbim Sekhaenre 6175:Mersekhemre Ined 5989: 5985: 5984: 5836: 5832: 5831: 5788: 5779: 5772: 5771: 5757: 5543: 5539: 5538: 5288: 5284: 5283: 5092: 5088: 5087: 4862: 4858: 4857: 4814: 4805: 4798: 4797: 4783: 4768: 4761: 4754: 4745: 4739: 4730: 4717: 4711: 4703: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4662: 4653: 4644: 4635: 4623: 4609: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4572: 4560: 4549: 4543: 4535: 4526: 4517: 4515: 4513: 4500: 4480: 4470: 4461: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4411: 4399: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4365: 4355: 4343: 4332: 4320: 4309: 4276: 4264: 4250: 4229: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4184: 4174: 4156: 4155: 4135: 4129: 4128: 4116: 4110: 4109: 4103: 4085: 4068:(e8268): e8268. 4053: 4047: 4046: 4028: 4003: 3997: 3996: 3986: 3976: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3915: 3883: 3877: 3871: 3865: 3859: 3853: 3847: 3841: 3835: 3826: 3820: 3814: 3808: 3802: 3795: 3789: 3783: 3777: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3753: 3747: 3741: 3726: 3720: 3714: 3708: 3702: 3696: 3690: 3687: 3681: 3676: 3670: 3664: 3658: 3652: 3646: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3626: 3620: 3619: 3609: 3600:(S61): 216–231. 3585: 3576: 3570: 3564: 3563: 3561: 3560: 3546: 3540: 3534: 3528: 3527: 3525: 3524: 3509: 3503: 3497: 3491: 3485: 3479: 3473: 3467: 3461: 3455: 3449: 3443: 3437: 3431: 3425: 3419: 3413: 3407: 3401: 3395: 3389: 3380: 3379: 3351: 3345: 3344: 3336: 3330: 3329: 3321: 3315: 3309: 3303: 3297: 3291: 3285: 3279: 3273: 3267: 3261: 3255: 3249: 3243: 3237: 3231: 3225: 3219: 3213: 3207: 3201: 3190: 3184: 3171: 3165: 3156: 3150: 3144: 3138: 3132: 3126: 3120: 3119: 3113: 3109: 3107: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3060: 3054: 3048: 3042: 3036: 3030: 3027: 3021: 3015: 3006: 3000: 2994: 2988: 2979: 2973: 2964: 2958: 2952: 2946: 2940: 2926: 2920: 2914: 2908: 2902: 2896: 2890: 2879: 2873: 2867: 2861: 2855: 2849: 2843: 2837: 2831: 2825: 2819: 2813: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2789: 2783: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2772: 2761: 2755: 2749: 2743: 2736: 2730: 2724: 2718: 2712: 2697: 2691: 2666:List of pharaohs 2631: 2616: 2600: 2588: 2578: 2575: 2569: 2559: 2556: 2550: 2535: 2520: 2505: 2490: 2475: 2460: 2445: 2430: 2414: 2398: 1950: 1941: 1841:cache of statues 1702:, including the 1581:Burial and mummy 1537:Health and death 1385:William L. Moran 1146:; a daughter of 1138:; a daughter of 1033:Great Royal Wife 957:, was the ninth 936: 931: 927: 917:Ancient Egyptian 876:KV35 royal cache 823:The Younger Lady 745: 744: 703: 699: 691: 687: 686: 680: 659: 655: 651: 642: 632: 607: 606: 573: 569: 561: 557: 556: 550: 530: 526: 522: 511: 501: 433: 429: 423: 408: 404: 400: 396: 395: 387: 385:ˁꜣ-ḫpš ḥwi sṯtyw 377: 296: 292: 286: 271: 267: 263: 259: 258: 250: 240: 215: 214: 176: 172: 164: 147: 143: 139: 135: 134: 126: 124:Kꜣ nḫt ḫˁ m mꜣˁt 116: 105: 47: 30: 21: 8645: 8644: 8640: 8639: 8638: 8636: 8635: 8634: 8600:1350s BC deaths 8585: 8584: 8583: 8578: 8497: 8491: 8433: 8381: 8375: 8366: 8325: 8320: 8290: 8285: 8272: 8178: 8155: 8055:Macrianus Minor 7984:Maximinus Thrax 7920:Marcus Aurelius 7819: 7818: 7817: 7805: 7664:Ptolemy I Soter 7650: 7617: 7616: 7615: 7603: 7570: 7542: 7502: 7484: 7464:Psammetichus IV 7434: 7362: 7361: 7360: 7348: 7326: 7317: 7306: 7303:(664 BC–313 AD) 7302: 7301: 7272: 7234: 7211: 7207:Menkheperre Ini 7144: 7067: 7005: 6952: 6951: 6950: 6938: 6875: 6822: 6803:Neferneferuaten 6729: 6728: 6727: 6715: 6714: 6704: 6699: 6698:Pharaohs 6691: 6682: 6671: 6667: 6666: 6637: 6572: 6531: 6458:Sobekhotep VIII 6439: 6371: 6219: 6180:Sewadjkare Hori 5982: 5981: 5980: 5968: 5908: 5882: 5829: 5828: 5827: 5815: 5793: 5784: 5773: 5769: 5768: 5739: 5706: 5666: 5574:Djedkare Shemai 5536: 5535: 5534: 5522: 5460: 5402: 5345: 5281: 5280: 5279: 5267: 5161: 5085: 5084: 5083: 5071: 4976: 4855: 4854: 4853: 4841: 4819: 4810: 4799: 4795: 4794: 4777: 4772: 4742: 4733: 4720: 4704: 4697: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4665: 4656: 4647: 4638: 4632: 4612: 4603: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4575: 4569: 4552: 4536: 4529: 4520: 4511: 4509: 4478: 4473: 4464: 4458: 4445: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4414: 4408: 4391: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4363: 4358: 4352: 4335: 4329: 4312: 4298:10.2307/3855505 4279: 4273: 4253: 4247: 4232: 4226: 4210: 4201: 4199: 4197: 4182: 4177: 4168: 4164: 4159: 4152: 4137: 4136: 4132: 4118: 4117: 4113: 4055: 4054: 4050: 4005: 4004: 4000: 3954: 3953: 3949: 3885: 3884: 3880: 3874:Gad et al. 2020 3872: 3868: 3860: 3856: 3848: 3844: 3836: 3829: 3821: 3817: 3809: 3805: 3796: 3792: 3784: 3780: 3770: 3768: 3755: 3754: 3750: 3742: 3729: 3721: 3717: 3709: 3705: 3697: 3693: 3688: 3684: 3677: 3673: 3665: 3661: 3653: 3649: 3639: 3637: 3628: 3627: 3623: 3587: 3586: 3579: 3571: 3567: 3558: 3556: 3548: 3547: 3543: 3535: 3531: 3522: 3520: 3511: 3510: 3506: 3498: 3494: 3486: 3482: 3474: 3470: 3462: 3458: 3450: 3446: 3438: 3434: 3426: 3422: 3414: 3410: 3402: 3398: 3390: 3383: 3353: 3352: 3348: 3338: 3337: 3333: 3323: 3322: 3318: 3310: 3306: 3298: 3294: 3286: 3282: 3274: 3270: 3262: 3258: 3250: 3246: 3238: 3234: 3226: 3222: 3214: 3210: 3202: 3193: 3185: 3174: 3166: 3159: 3151: 3147: 3139: 3135: 3127: 3123: 3110: 3100: 3093: 3091: 3081: 3062: 3061: 3057: 3049: 3045: 3037: 3033: 3029:Urk. IV 1665–66 3028: 3024: 3016: 3009: 3001: 2997: 2989: 2982: 2974: 2967: 2959: 2955: 2947: 2943: 2927: 2923: 2915: 2911: 2903: 2899: 2891: 2882: 2874: 2870: 2862: 2858: 2850: 2846: 2838: 2834: 2826: 2822: 2814: 2810: 2802: 2798: 2790: 2786: 2776: 2774: 2770: 2763: 2762: 2758: 2750: 2746: 2737: 2733: 2725: 2721: 2713: 2700: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2642: 2635: 2632: 2623: 2617: 2608: 2601: 2592: 2589: 2580: 2577: 1400 BCE 2576: 2570: 2561: 2558: 1400 BCE 2557: 2551: 2542: 2536: 2527: 2521: 2512: 2506: 2497: 2491: 2482: 2476: 2467: 2461: 2452: 2446: 2437: 2431: 2422: 2415: 2406: 2399: 2390: 2323: 1938: 1868:Egyptian Museum 1795:mortuary temple 1722:of the deities 1654: 1583: 1539: 1519: 1456:Nicholas Reeves 1442: 1433: 1387:'s analysis of 1317: 1280: 1254: 1239:Amenhotep (Huy) 1212: 1164: 1140:Kadashman-Enlil 1031:. Tiye was the 994: 929: 831: 826: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 786: 782: 778: 774: 763: 762: 742: 710: 684: 666: 645: 643: 637: 604: 554: 516: 514: 512: 506: 450: 439: 437: 390: 388: 382: 333: 331: 323: 315: 310: 305: 303: 253: 251: 245: 212: 180: 129: 127: 121: 102: 71: 53: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8643: 8641: 8633: 8632: 8627: 8622: 8617: 8612: 8607: 8602: 8597: 8587: 8586: 8580: 8579: 8577: 8576: 8571: 8566: 8558: 8550: 8542: 8534: 8526: 8518: 8510: 8501: 8499: 8493: 8492: 8490: 8489: 8484: 8482:Albert Lythgoe 8479: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8443: 8441: 8435: 8434: 8432: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8385: 8383: 8377: 8376: 8369: 8367: 8365: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8333: 8331: 8327: 8326: 8321: 8319: 8318: 8311: 8304: 8296: 8287: 8286: 8281: 8278: 8277: 8274: 8273: 8271: 8270: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8192: 8189: 8183: 8180: 8179: 8176: 8169: 8168: 8165: 8164: 8161: 8160: 8157: 8156: 8154: 8153: 8151:Maximinus Daza 8148: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8126: 8119: 8112: 8107: 8100: 8093: 8086: 8079: 8072: 8065: 8058: 8051: 8046: 8039: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8015: 8008: 8001: 7994: 7987: 7980: 7973: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7934: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7912: 7910:Antoninus Pius 7907: 7902: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7834: 7832: 7823: 7820:(30 BC–313 AD) 7811: 7810: 7807: 7806: 7804: 7803: 7798: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7660: 7658: 7652: 7651: 7649: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7632: 7630: 7621: 7609: 7608: 7605: 7604: 7602: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7584:Artaxerxes III 7580: 7578: 7572: 7571: 7569: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7552: 7550: 7544: 7543: 7541: 7540: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7512: 7510: 7504: 7503: 7501: 7500: 7494: 7492: 7486: 7485: 7483: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7460: 7455: 7453:Petubastis III 7450: 7444: 7442: 7436: 7435: 7433: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7390: 7385: 7377: 7375: 7366: 7354: 7353: 7350: 7349: 7347: 7346: 7341: 7340: 7339: 7336: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7318: 7315: 7308: 7307: 7293: 7286: 7285: 7282: 7281: 7278: 7277: 7274: 7273: 7271: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7244: 7242: 7236: 7235: 7233: 7232: 7227: 7221: 7219: 7213: 7212: 7210: 7209: 7204: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7154: 7152: 7146: 7145: 7143: 7142: 7137: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7077: 7075: 7069: 7068: 7066: 7065: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7021: 7015: 7013: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6967: 6965: 6956: 6948:3 Intermediate 6944: 6943: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6885: 6883: 6877: 6876: 6874: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6832: 6830: 6824: 6823: 6821: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6744: 6742: 6733: 6730:(1550–1070 BC) 6721: 6720: 6717: 6716: 6713: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6683: 6680: 6673: 6672: 6658: 6651: 6650: 6647: 6646: 6643: 6642: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6588: 6582: 6580: 6574: 6573: 6571: 6570: 6563: 6556: 6549: 6541: 6539: 6533: 6532: 6530: 6529: 6522: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6463:Neferhotep III 6460: 6455: 6449: 6447: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6403: 6396: 6389: 6381: 6379: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6369: 6362: 6355: 6348: 6341: 6334: 6327: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6293:Sewadjkare III 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6262:Maaibre Sheshi 6258: 6255:'Ammu Ahotepre 6251: 6244: 6237: 6229: 6227: 6221: 6220: 6218: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6165:Merhotepre Ini 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6125:Sobekhotep III 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 5997: 5995: 5986: 5983:(1802–1550 BC) 5978:2 Intermediate 5974: 5973: 5970: 5969: 5967: 5966: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5918: 5916: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5890: 5888: 5884: 5883: 5881: 5880: 5875: 5873:Mentuhotep III 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5844: 5842: 5833: 5830:(2040–1802 BC) 5825:Middle Kingdom 5821: 5820: 5817: 5816: 5814: 5813: 5808: 5807: 5806: 5803: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5785: 5782: 5775: 5774: 5762:Middle Kingdom 5760: 5753: 5752: 5749: 5748: 5745: 5744: 5741: 5740: 5738: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5725:Neferkare VIII 5722: 5716: 5714: 5708: 5707: 5705: 5704: 5697: 5692: 5690:Nebkaure Khety 5687: 5682: 5680:Meryibre Khety 5676: 5674: 5668: 5667: 5665: 5664: 5657: 5650: 5643: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5614:Neferkamin Anu 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5555: 5553: 5540: 5537:(2181–2040 BC) 5532:1 Intermediate 5528: 5527: 5524: 5523: 5521: 5520: 5513: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5470: 5468: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5458: 5453: 5451:Djedkare Isesi 5448: 5446:Menkauhor Kaiu 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5412: 5410: 5404: 5403: 5401: 5400: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5355: 5353: 5347: 5346: 5344: 5343: 5338: 5331: 5324: 5319: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5296: 5294: 5285: 5282:(2686–2181 BC) 5273: 5272: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5265: 5260: 5253: 5246: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5222: 5215: 5208: 5201: 5194: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5171: 5169: 5163: 5162: 5160: 5159: 5152: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5100: 5098: 5089: 5086:(3150–2686 BC) 5081:Early Dynastic 5077: 5076: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5069: 5060: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5036: 5029: 5022: 5015: 5008: 5001: 4994: 4986: 4984: 4978: 4977: 4975: 4974: 4967: 4962: 4955: 4948: 4941: 4934: 4927: 4920: 4913: 4906: 4899: 4892: 4885: 4878: 4870: 4868: 4859: 4847: 4846: 4843: 4842: 4840: 4839: 4834: 4833: 4832: 4829: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4811: 4808: 4801: 4800: 4786: 4779: 4778: 4773: 4771: 4770: 4763: 4756: 4748: 4741: 4740: 4731: 4718: 4695: 4682: 4663: 4654: 4645: 4636: 4630: 4610: 4601: 4588: 4573: 4567: 4550: 4527: 4525:. Pt 1, Vol 2. 4518: 4491:(7): 638–647. 4471: 4462: 4456: 4443: 4430: 4412: 4406: 4389: 4376: 4356: 4350: 4333: 4327: 4310: 4277: 4271: 4251: 4245: 4230: 4224: 4208: 4195: 4175: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4157: 4150: 4130: 4111: 4048: 4019:(7): 638–647. 3998: 3947: 3898:(2): 140–144. 3878: 3866: 3854: 3842: 3840:, p. 130. 3827: 3825:, p. 129. 3815: 3813:, p. 128. 3803: 3790: 3778: 3748: 3746:, p. 118. 3727: 3715: 3713:, p. 224. 3703: 3701:, p. 223. 3691: 3682: 3671: 3669:, p. 162. 3659: 3647: 3621: 3577: 3575:, p. 198. 3565: 3541: 3539:, p. 161. 3529: 3504: 3492: 3490:, p. 225. 3480: 3478:, p. 119. 3468: 3456: 3444: 3432: 3420: 3408: 3396: 3381: 3346: 3331: 3316: 3304: 3292: 3280: 3268: 3256: 3254:, p. 346. 3244: 3232: 3230:, p. 195. 3220: 3218:, p. 190. 3208: 3206:, p. 189. 3191: 3189:, p. 182. 3172: 3170:, p. 192. 3157: 3145: 3133: 3121: 3112:|journal= 3079: 3073:. p. 29. 3055: 3053:, p. 104. 3051:Lichtheim 1980 3043: 3041:, p. 197. 3031: 3022: 3007: 2995: 2993:, p. 194. 2980: 2976:Grajetzki 2005 2965: 2963:, p. 156. 2953: 2951:, p. 154. 2941: 2921: 2909: 2897: 2880: 2876:Tyldesley 2006 2868: 2856: 2844: 2832: 2820: 2808: 2796: 2794:, p. 190. 2792:Beckerath 1997 2784: 2756: 2744: 2731: 2729:, p. 112. 2719: 2698: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2679: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2641: 2638: 2637: 2636: 2633: 2626: 2624: 2618: 2611: 2609: 2602: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2583: 2581: 2571: 2564: 2562: 2552: 2545: 2543: 2540:British Museum 2537: 2530: 2528: 2525:British Museum 2522: 2515: 2513: 2510:British Museum 2507: 2500: 2498: 2495:British Museum 2492: 2485: 2483: 2480:British Museum 2477: 2470: 2468: 2465:British Museum 2462: 2455: 2453: 2450:British Museum 2447: 2440: 2438: 2435:British Museum 2432: 2425: 2423: 2419:British Museum 2416: 2409: 2407: 2403:British Museum 2400: 2393: 2389: 2386: 2320: 2319: 2316: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2286: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2279: 2277: 2271: 2268: 2267: 2264: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2245: 2242: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2195: 2192: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2173: 2170: 2169: 2167: 2161: 2158: 2157: 2154: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2135: 2132: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2115: 2113: 2107: 2104: 2103: 2100: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2081: 2078: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2057: 2055: 2049: 2046: 2045: 2042: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2029: 2023: 2020: 2019: 2016: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1999: 1997: 1991: 1988: 1987: 1984: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1971: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1955: 1953: 1946: 1945: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1747:Dayr al-Barsha 1653: 1650: 1582: 1579: 1538: 1535: 1525:Amenhotep and 1518: 1515: 1441: 1438: 1432: 1429: 1329:Amarna Letters 1316: 1313: 1279: 1276: 1256:The palace of 1253: 1252:Malkata Palace 1250: 1211: 1208: 1163: 1162:Life and reign 1160: 1126:, daughter of 993: 990: 908: 907: 902: 898: 897: 884: 880: 879: 869: 865: 864: 861: 857: 856: 851: 847: 846: 841: 837: 836: 795: 791: 790: 769: 765: 764: 759: 758: 755: 754: 751: 750: 747: 746: 739: 737: 734: 733: 730: 729: 726: 725: 722: 721: 718: 715: 712: 707: 695: 694: 688: 677: 675: 672: 671: 668: 667: 663: 647: 646: 635: 628: 627: 621: 620: 617: 616: 613: 612: 609: 608: 601: 599: 596: 595: 592: 591: 588: 587: 584: 583: 580: 577: 565: 564: 558: 547: 545: 542: 541: 538: 537: 534: 518: 517: 504: 497: 496: 490: 489: 486: 485: 482: 481: 478: 477: 475: 473: 470: 469: 467: 464: 463: 460: 459: 456: 453: 447: 444: 441: 426: 420: 417: 416: 413: 412: 392: 391: 380: 373: 372: 366: 365: 362: 361: 358: 357: 354: 353: 351: 349: 346: 345: 343: 340: 339: 336: 335: 328: 325: 320: 317: 312: 307: 300: 289: 283: 280: 279: 276: 275: 255: 254: 243: 236: 235: 229: 228: 225: 224: 221: 220: 217: 216: 209: 207: 204: 203: 200: 199: 196: 195: 192: 191: 188: 185: 182: 168: 167: 161: 159: 156: 155: 152: 151: 131: 130: 119: 112: 111: 103: 100:Royal titulary 98: 97: 94: 93: 88: 84: 83: 78: 74: 73: 68: 62: 61: 55: 54: 51:British Museum 48: 40: 39: 35: 34: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8642: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8621: 8618: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8595:Amenhotep III 8593: 8592: 8590: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8563: 8559: 8557: 8555: 8551: 8549: 8547: 8543: 8541: 8539: 8535: 8533: 8532:(2003 series) 8531: 8527: 8525: 8523: 8519: 8517: 8515: 8511: 8509: 8507: 8503: 8502: 8500: 8494: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8452:Howard Carter 8450: 8448: 8445: 8444: 8442: 8440: 8436: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8409:Lotus chalice 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8399:Anubis Shrine 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8386: 8384: 8380:Artifacts and 8378: 8373: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8334: 8332: 8328: 8324: 8317: 8312: 8310: 8305: 8303: 8298: 8297: 8294: 8284: 8279: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8184: 8181: 8174: 8170: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8131: 8127: 8125: 8124: 8120: 8118: 8117: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8105: 8101: 8099: 8098: 8094: 8092: 8091: 8087: 8085: 8084: 8080: 8078: 8077: 8073: 8071: 8070: 8066: 8064: 8063: 8059: 8057: 8056: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8044: 8040: 8038: 8037: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8020: 8016: 8014: 8013: 8009: 8007: 8006: 8002: 8000: 7999: 7995: 7993: 7992: 7988: 7986: 7985: 7981: 7979: 7978: 7974: 7972: 7971: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7939: 7935: 7933: 7932: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7875: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7835: 7833: 7831: 7827: 7824: 7816: 7812: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7776: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7729:Cleopatra III 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7661: 7659: 7657: 7653: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7633: 7631: 7629: 7625: 7622: 7614: 7610: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7581: 7579: 7577: 7573: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7553: 7551: 7549: 7545: 7539: 7538: 7534: 7532: 7531:Nepherites II 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7513: 7511: 7509: 7505: 7499: 7496: 7495: 7493: 7491: 7487: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7465: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7445: 7443: 7441: 7437: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7395: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7383: 7379: 7378: 7376: 7374: 7370: 7367: 7359: 7355: 7345: 7342: 7337: 7334: 7333: 7331: 7330: 7328: 7322: 7319: 7313: 7309: 7300: 7296: 7291: 7287: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7245: 7243: 7241: 7237: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7222: 7220: 7218: 7214: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7202: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7175: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7155: 7153: 7151: 7147: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7135: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7098: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7074: 7070: 7064: 7063: 7062:Psusennes III 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7026: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7016: 7014: 7012: 7008: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6964: 6960: 6957: 6953:(1069–664 BC) 6949: 6945: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6919:Ramesses VIII 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6886: 6884: 6882: 6878: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6829: 6825: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6788:Amenhotep III 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6745: 6743: 6741: 6737: 6734: 6726: 6722: 6711: 6708: 6703: 6697: 6696: 6693: 6687: 6684: 6678: 6674: 6665: 6661: 6656: 6652: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6628:Seqenenre Tao 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6603:Sobekemsaf II 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6593: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6583: 6581: 6579: 6575: 6569: 6568: 6564: 6562: 6561: 6557: 6555: 6554: 6553:Wepwawetemsaf 6550: 6548: 6547: 6543: 6542: 6540: 6538: 6534: 6528: 6527: 6523: 6521: 6520: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6446: 6442: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6425: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6408: 6404: 6402: 6401: 6397: 6395: 6394: 6390: 6388: 6387: 6383: 6382: 6380: 6378: 6374: 6368: 6367: 6363: 6361: 6360: 6356: 6354: 6353: 6349: 6347: 6346: 6342: 6340: 6339: 6335: 6333: 6332: 6328: 6326: 6325: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6263: 6259: 6257: 6256: 6252: 6250: 6249: 6245: 6243: 6242: 6238: 6236: 6235: 6231: 6230: 6228: 6226: 6222: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6160:Merneferre Ay 6158: 6156: 6155:Wahibre Ibiau 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6140:Sobekhotep IV 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6100: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6003: 5999: 5998: 5996: 5994: 5990: 5987: 5979: 5975: 5965: 5964: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5947:Amenemhat III 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5919: 5917: 5915: 5911: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5891: 5889: 5885: 5879: 5878:Mentuhotep IV 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5868:Mentuhotep II 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5845: 5843: 5841: 5837: 5834: 5826: 5822: 5812: 5809: 5804: 5801: 5800: 5798: 5797: 5795: 5789: 5786: 5780: 5776: 5767: 5763: 5758: 5754: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5730:Wahkare Khety 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5717: 5715: 5713: 5709: 5703: 5702: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5685:Neferkare VII 5683: 5681: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5669: 5663: 5662: 5658: 5656: 5655: 5651: 5649: 5648: 5644: 5642: 5641: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5556: 5554: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5541: 5533: 5529: 5519: 5518: 5514: 5512: 5511: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5463: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5413: 5411: 5409: 5405: 5399: 5398: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5381: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5356: 5354: 5352: 5348: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5336: 5332: 5330: 5329: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5317: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5289: 5286: 5278: 5274: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5258: 5254: 5252: 5251: 5247: 5245: 5244: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5232:Seth-Peribsen 5230: 5228: 5227: 5223: 5221: 5220: 5216: 5214: 5213: 5209: 5207: 5206: 5202: 5200: 5199: 5195: 5193: 5192: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5175:Hotepsekhemwy 5173: 5172: 5170: 5168: 5164: 5158: 5157: 5153: 5151: 5150: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5105: 5102: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5093: 5090: 5082: 5078: 5068: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5058: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5041: 5037: 5035: 5034: 5030: 5028: 5027: 5023: 5021: 5020: 5016: 5014: 5013: 5009: 5007: 5006: 5002: 5000: 4999: 4995: 4993: 4992: 4988: 4987: 4985: 4983: 4979: 4973: 4972: 4968: 4966: 4965:Double Falcon 4963: 4961: 4960: 4956: 4954: 4953: 4949: 4947: 4946: 4942: 4940: 4939: 4935: 4933: 4932: 4928: 4926: 4925: 4921: 4919: 4918: 4914: 4912: 4911: 4907: 4905: 4904: 4900: 4898: 4897: 4893: 4891: 4890: 4886: 4884: 4883: 4879: 4877: 4876: 4872: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4863: 4860: 4856:(pre-3150 BC) 4852: 4851:Protodynastic 4848: 4838: 4835: 4830: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4823: 4821: 4815: 4812: 4806: 4802: 4793: 4789: 4788:Protodynastic 4784: 4780: 4776: 4769: 4764: 4762: 4757: 4755: 4750: 4749: 4746: 4737: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4719: 4715: 4709: 4701: 4696: 4685: 4683:0-500-05080-5 4679: 4675: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4660: 4655: 4651: 4646: 4642: 4637: 4633: 4631:0-8018-4251-4 4627: 4622: 4621: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4602: 4591: 4585: 4582:. SBL Press. 4581: 4580: 4574: 4570: 4564: 4559: 4558: 4551: 4547: 4541: 4533: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4508: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4485: 4477: 4472: 4468: 4463: 4459: 4453: 4449: 4444: 4433: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4413: 4409: 4403: 4398: 4397: 4390: 4379: 4373: 4369: 4362: 4357: 4353: 4351:0-500-05128-3 4347: 4342: 4341: 4334: 4330: 4328:9780500050743 4324: 4319: 4318: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4278: 4274: 4268: 4263: 4262: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4246:0-472-10742-9 4242: 4238: 4237: 4231: 4227: 4225:3-8053-2310-7 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4198: 4192: 4188: 4181: 4176: 4172: 4167: 4166: 4161: 4153: 4147: 4143: 4142: 4134: 4131: 4126: 4122: 4115: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4052: 4049: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4002: 3999: 3994: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3951: 3948: 3944: 3942: 3938: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3882: 3879: 3875: 3870: 3867: 3863: 3858: 3855: 3851: 3846: 3843: 3839: 3838:Cassirer 1952 3834: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3823:Cassirer 1952 3819: 3816: 3812: 3811:Cassirer 1952 3807: 3804: 3800: 3794: 3791: 3787: 3782: 3779: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3752: 3749: 3745: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3719: 3716: 3712: 3707: 3704: 3700: 3695: 3692: 3686: 3683: 3680: 3675: 3672: 3668: 3667:Fletcher 2000 3663: 3660: 3656: 3651: 3648: 3636: 3632: 3625: 3622: 3617: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3584: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3569: 3566: 3555: 3551: 3545: 3542: 3538: 3537:Fletcher 2000 3533: 3530: 3518: 3514: 3508: 3505: 3502:, p. 50. 3501: 3496: 3493: 3489: 3484: 3481: 3477: 3472: 3469: 3465: 3460: 3457: 3453: 3448: 3445: 3441: 3436: 3433: 3429: 3424: 3421: 3417: 3412: 3409: 3405: 3400: 3397: 3394:, p. 23. 3393: 3388: 3386: 3382: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3350: 3347: 3342: 3335: 3332: 3327: 3320: 3317: 3314:, p. 50. 3313: 3308: 3305: 3302:, p. 62 n. 2. 3301: 3296: 3293: 3290:, p. 22. 3289: 3284: 3281: 3277: 3272: 3269: 3266:, p. 13. 3265: 3260: 3257: 3253: 3248: 3245: 3241: 3236: 3233: 3229: 3224: 3221: 3217: 3212: 3209: 3205: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3164: 3162: 3158: 3155:, p. 15. 3154: 3149: 3146: 3143:, p. 16. 3142: 3137: 3134: 3130: 3125: 3122: 3117: 3105: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3067: 3059: 3056: 3052: 3047: 3044: 3040: 3035: 3032: 3026: 3023: 3020:, p. 13. 3019: 3014: 3012: 3008: 3004: 2999: 2996: 2992: 2987: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2961:Fletcher 2000 2957: 2954: 2950: 2945: 2942: 2939: 2935: 2934:0-85698-160-5 2931: 2925: 2922: 2919:, fig. II, 5. 2918: 2913: 2910: 2906: 2901: 2898: 2894: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2872: 2869: 2865: 2860: 2857: 2854:, p. 10. 2853: 2852:Fletcher 2000 2848: 2845: 2842: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2812: 2809: 2805: 2800: 2797: 2793: 2788: 2785: 2769: 2768: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2748: 2745: 2741: 2735: 2732: 2728: 2723: 2720: 2716: 2715:Leprohon 2013 2711: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2690: 2687: 2681: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2639: 2630: 2625: 2622: 2615: 2610: 2606: 2605:Louvre Museum 2599: 2594: 2587: 2582: 2568: 2563: 2549: 2544: 2541: 2534: 2529: 2526: 2519: 2514: 2511: 2504: 2499: 2496: 2489: 2484: 2481: 2474: 2469: 2466: 2459: 2454: 2451: 2444: 2439: 2436: 2429: 2424: 2420: 2413: 2408: 2404: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2385: 2381: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2350: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2281: 2276: 2270: 2269: 2266: 2265: 2260: 2259: 2254: 2253: 2248: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2234: 2233: 2228: 2227: 2220: 2219: 2216: 2215: 2210: 2209: 2204: 2203: 2198: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2176: 2175: 2172: 2171: 2166: 2165:Amenhotep III 2160: 2159: 2156: 2155: 2150: 2149: 2144: 2143: 2138: 2137: 2134: 2133: 2124: 2123: 2118: 2117: 2112: 2106: 2105: 2102: 2101: 2096: 2095: 2090: 2089: 2084: 2083: 2080: 2079: 2066: 2065: 2060: 2059: 2054: 2048: 2047: 2044: 2043: 2038: 2037: 2032: 2031: 2028: 2022: 2021: 2018: 2017: 2008: 2007: 2002: 2001: 1996: 1990: 1989: 1986: 1985: 1980: 1979: 1974: 1973: 1970: 1964: 1952: 1951: 1948: 1947: 1943: 1942: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1927:) through to 1926: 1922: 1917: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1894: 1893: 1892:Dazzling Aten 1887: 1884: 1875: 1869: 1865: 1860: 1856: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1837: 1834: 1833: 1828: 1824: 1823:Temple of Mut 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1793:His enormous 1787: 1782: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1758: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1696: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1681: 1677: 1669: 1663: 1660:The northern 1658: 1651: 1649: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1630: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1600: 1596: 1587: 1580: 1577: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1523: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1510:Amenhotep-Huy 1507: 1502: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1484: 1479: 1475: 1473: 1472:Alan Gardiner 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1447: 1439: 1437: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1422: 1416: 1414: 1409: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1392: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1364: 1362: 1358: 1355:'s reign. In 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1321: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1297: 1292: 1290: 1285: 1284:Sed festivals 1278:Sed festivals 1277: 1275: 1273: 1272: 1266: 1264: 1259: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1242: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1221: 1217: 1209: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1181: 1173: 1168: 1161: 1159: 1155: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1077: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1007: 998: 991: 989: 987: 982: 978: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 955:Amenophis III 952: 948: 944: 940: 935: 926: 922: 918: 914: 913:Amenhotep III 906: 903: 899: 896: 892: 888: 885: 881: 877: 873: 870: 866: 862: 858: 855: 852: 848: 845: 842: 838: 834: 829: 824: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 796: 792: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 770: 766: 740: 738: 731: 719: 716: 713: 708: 705: 704: 701: 700: 696: 692: 689: 682: 681: 678: 676: 664: 661: 660: 657: 656: 653: 652: 649: 648: 641: 634: 633: 629: 626: 622: 602: 600: 593: 581: 578: 575: 574: 571: 570: 566: 562: 559: 552: 551: 548: 546: 535: 532: 531: 528: 527: 524: 523: 520: 519: 510: 503: 502: 498: 495: 491: 476: 474: 457: 454: 448: 445: 442: 435: 434: 431: 430: 424: 421: 410: 409: 406: 405: 402: 401: 398: 397: 394: 393: 386: 379: 378: 374: 371: 367: 352: 350: 329: 326: 321: 318: 313: 308: 301: 298: 297: 294: 293: 287: 284: 273: 272: 269: 268: 265: 264: 261: 260: 257: 256: 249: 242: 241: 237: 234: 230: 210: 208: 201: 189: 186: 183: 178: 177: 174: 173: 169: 165: 162: 149: 148: 145: 144: 141: 140: 137: 136: 133: 132: 125: 118: 117: 113: 110: 106: 101: 95: 92: 89: 85: 82: 79: 75: 70:1391–1353 or 69: 67: 63: 60: 56: 52: 46: 41: 36: 33:Amenhotep III 31: 19: 18:Amunhotep III 8561: 8553: 8545: 8537: 8529: 8521: 8513: 8505: 8477:Alfred Lucas 8462:Harry Burton 8356: 8128: 8121: 8114: 8102: 8095: 8088: 8081: 8074: 8067: 8060: 8053: 8041: 8034: 8017: 8010: 8003: 7996: 7989: 7982: 7975: 7968: 7936: 7929: 7915:Lucius Verus 7872: 7773: 7749:Berenice III 7739:Cleopatra IV 7714:Cleopatra II 7646:Alexander IV 7566:Nectanebo II 7535: 7516:Nepherites I 7475:Artaxerxes I 7462: 7392: 7380: 7363:(664–332 BC) 7343: 7299:Roman Period 7201:Shoshenq VII 7199: 7172: 7132: 7113:Shoshenq III 7095: 7060: 7023: 7001:Psusennes II 6914:Ramesses VII 6894:Ramesses III 6787: 6778:Amenhotep II 6773:Thutmose III 6709: 6598:Sobekemsaf I 6590: 6565: 6558: 6551: 6544: 6524: 6517: 6422: 6405: 6400:'Aper-'Anati 6398: 6391: 6384: 6364: 6357: 6350: 6343: 6336: 6329: 6322: 6308:Sekheperenre 6260: 6253: 6246: 6239: 6232: 6130:Neferhotep I 6120:Seth Meribre 6097: 6083:Djedkheperew 6000: 5961: 5952:Amenemhat IV 5942:Senusret III 5932:Amenemhat II 5848:Mentuhotep I 5810: 5699: 5659: 5652: 5645: 5638: 5564:Neferkare II 5515: 5508: 5441:Nyuserre Ini 5395: 5378: 5333: 5326: 5314: 5255: 5250:Neferkasokar 5248: 5241: 5224: 5217: 5210: 5203: 5196: 5189: 5154: 5147: 5055: 5038: 5031: 5024: 5017: 5010: 5003: 4998:Finger Snail 4996: 4989: 4969: 4957: 4950: 4943: 4936: 4929: 4922: 4915: 4908: 4901: 4894: 4887: 4880: 4873: 4836: 4735: 4726: 4722: 4699: 4687:. Retrieved 4672: 4658: 4649: 4640: 4619: 4605: 4593:. Retrieved 4578: 4556: 4534:. Cleveland. 4531: 4522: 4510:. Retrieved 4488: 4482: 4466: 4447: 4435:. Retrieved 4421: 4395: 4381:. Retrieved 4367: 4339: 4316: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4260: 4235: 4215: 4200:. Retrieved 4186: 4170: 4162:Bibliography 4140: 4133: 4124: 4114: 4065: 4061: 4051: 4016: 4012: 4001: 3964: 3960: 3950: 3933: 3895: 3891: 3881: 3869: 3857: 3845: 3818: 3806: 3793: 3781: 3771:December 15, 3769:. Retrieved 3765:the original 3760: 3751: 3744:Clayton 1994 3718: 3706: 3694: 3685: 3674: 3662: 3650: 3638:. Retrieved 3635:ScienceAlert 3634: 3624: 3597: 3593: 3568: 3557:. Retrieved 3553: 3544: 3532: 3521:. Retrieved 3507: 3495: 3483: 3476:Clayton 1994 3471: 3459: 3447: 3435: 3423: 3411: 3399: 3359: 3355: 3349: 3340: 3334: 3325: 3319: 3307: 3295: 3283: 3271: 3259: 3247: 3242:, p. 8. 3235: 3228:Kozloff 2012 3223: 3216:Kozloff 2012 3211: 3204:Kozloff 2012 3187:Kozloff 2012 3168:Kozloff 2012 3148: 3136: 3124: 3092:. Retrieved 3065: 3058: 3046: 3039:Kozloff 2012 3034: 3025: 2998: 2991:Kozloff 2012 2956: 2944: 2924: 2912: 2900: 2895:, p. 7. 2871: 2866:, p. 4. 2859: 2847: 2835: 2823: 2811: 2806:, p. 3. 2799: 2787: 2775:. Retrieved 2766: 2759: 2752: 2747: 2739: 2734: 2727:Clayton 1994 2722: 2696:, p. 7. 2689: 2382: 2351: 2324: 2164: 1995:Amenhotep II 1969:Thutmose III 1918: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1899: 1897: 1890: 1888: 1882: 1880: 1845:Double Crown 1838: 1830: 1792: 1763:Thutmose III 1760: 1751:Middle Egypt 1704:Luxor temple 1697: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1635: 1624: 1620:Victor Loret 1592: 1575: 1571: 1563: 1540: 1531:Luxor Museum 1503: 1488: 1460:Peter Dorman 1450: 1443: 1434: 1425: 1418: 1405: 1393: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1326: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1293: 1281: 1268: 1261: 1255: 1243: 1213: 1192: 1189: 1184: 1183:royal barge 1177: 1156: 1148:Tarhundaradu 1116:Shuttarna II 1105: 1094: 1018: 1003: 983: 979: 954: 946: 942: 912: 911: 370:Golden Horus 72:1388–1351 BC 8562:Tutankhamun 8548:(2006 film) 8524:(1998 film) 8516:(1980 film) 8487:Arthur Mace 8429:Exhibitions 8382:exhibitions 8323:Tutankhamun 8019:Gordian III 7964:Diadumenian 7764:Cleopatra V 7618:(332–30 BC) 7613:Hellenistic 7556:Nectanebo I 7448:Cambyses II 7430:Psamtik III 7388:Tefnakht II 7190:Takelot III 7185:Osorkon III 7180:Shoshenq VI 7134:Pedubast II 7118:Shoshenq IV 7091:Shoshenq II 7056:Pinedjem II 7046:Menkheperre 6981:Psusennes I 6934:Ramesses XI 6924:Ramesses IX 6909:Ramesses VI 6899:Ramesses IV 6846:Ramesses II 6808:Tutankhamun 6783:Thutmose IV 6763:Thutmose II 6753:Amenhotep I 6725:New Kingdom 6660:New Kingdom 6519:Senusret IV 6503:Dedumose II 6478:Nebiriau II 6473:Nebiryraw I 6468:Mentuhotepi 6273:Khakherewre 6200:Merkheperre 6110:Imyremeshaw 6093:Sedjefakare 6048:Sehetepibre 6023:Ameny Qemau 5957:Sobekneferu 5937:Senusret II 5922:Amenemhat I 5904:Iyibkhentre 5634:Neferirkare 5629:Neferkauhor 5436:Shepseskare 5277:Old Kingdom 5263:Khasekhemwy 5243:Neferkara I 5212:Weneg-Nebty 5057:Scorpion II 4437:16 February 4292:: 128–130. 4083:10072/62081 3850:Berman 1998 3786:Berman 1998 3723:Grimal 1992 3711:Grimal 1992 3699:Grimal 1992 3655:Grimal 1992 3488:Grimal 1992 3428:Reeves 2000 3404:Dorman 2009 3392:Berman 1998 3288:Berman 1998 3264:Aldred 1991 3153:Berman 1998 3141:Berman 1998 3129:Berman 1998 3018:Berman 1998 2893:Berman 1998 2864:Berman 1998 2804:Berman 1998 2374:East Asians 2362:Rameses III 2358:Tutankhamun 2053:Thutmose IV 1905:Front view: 1883:Aten-tjehen 1767:Elephantine 1547:Theban tomb 1289:Old Kingdom 1185:Aten-tjehen 1150:, ruler of 1101:Tutankhamun 971:Thutmose IV 921:jmn-ḥtp(.w) 844:Thutmose IV 835:(theorized) 830:(theorized) 505:Neb maat re 81:Thutmose IV 77:Predecessor 8589:Categories 8530:Tutenstein 8136:Diocletian 8090:Quintillus 8043:Aemilianus 7998:Gordian II 7970:Elagabalus 7791:Arsinoe IV 7674:Arsinoe II 7599:Darius III 7526:Psammuthes 7415:Psamtik II 7230:Bakenranef 7168:Pedubast I 7163:Takelot II 7158:Harsiese A 7140:Osorkon IV 7128:Shoshenq V 7108:Osorkon II 7081:Shoshenq I 7051:Smendes II 7031:Pinedjem I 6976:Amenemnisu 6929:Ramesses X 6904:Ramesses V 6856:Amenmesses 6836:Ramesses I 6798:Smenkhkare 6768:Hatshepsut 6758:Thutmose I 6508:Montuemsaf 6498:Dedumose I 6298:Nebdjefare 6288:Merdjefare 6058:Nedjemibre 6053:Sewadjkare 5927:Senusret I 5899:Qakare Ini 5720:Meryhathor 5624:Neferkaure 5619:Qakare Iby 5604:Neferkahor 5589:Neferkamin 5397:Thamphthis 5391:Shepseskaf 5305:Sekhemkhet 5156:Horus Bird 5033:Scorpion I 4689:6 February 4595:7 December 4383:6 February 4202:6 February 3559:2021-12-19 3523:2009-05-18 3500:Smith 1912 3416:Moran 1992 3312:Moran 1992 3300:Moran 1992 3276:Moran 1992 3252:Hayes 1973 3240:Moran 1992 2694:Moran 1992 2378:algorithms 2343:South Asia 2327:KV55 mummy 1925:Ras Shamra 1909:Side view: 1807:floodplain 1612:Eighteenth 1517:Later life 1452:Eric Cline 1431:Succession 1172:Queen Tiye 1142:, king of 1134:, king of 1097:Smenkhkare 1054:Henuttaneb 951:Hellenized 925:Amānəḥūtpū 833:Smenkhkare 814:Henuttaneb 509:Nb mꜣˁt rˁ 233:Nebty name 109:Horus name 8447:Discovery 8268:Ptolemaic 8076:Gallienus 7991:Gordian I 7954:Caracalla 7880:Vespasian 7874:Vitellius 7656:Ptolemaic 7498:Amyrtaeus 7480:Darius II 7425:Ahmose II 7405:Psamtik I 7344:uncertain 7332:Pharaohs 7268:Tanutamun 7103:Takelot I 7086:Osorkon I 7036:Masaharta 6986:Amenemope 6889:Setnakhte 6851:Merneptah 6793:Akhenaten 6710:uncertain 6592:Nebmaatre 6413:Sakir-Har 6366:Yaqub-Har 6278:Nebefawre 6028:Hotepibre 5894:Segerseni 5863:Intef III 5811:uncertain 5799:Pharaohs 5431:Neferefre 5257:Hudjefa I 5138:Semerkhet 4875:Hedju Hor 4837:uncertain 4825:Pharaohs 4708:cite book 4540:cite book 4101:206896841 4035:0098-7484 3941:Andronovo 3930:195787671 3376:193951672 3362:: 87–88. 3114:ignored ( 3104:cite book 3089:1388-3909 2682:Footnotes 2366:Eurasians 2275:Mutemwiya 1864:Merenptah 1853:cartouche 1811:Merneptah 1736:limestone 1706:with two 1685:Akhenaten 1622:in 1898. 1555:arthritis 1499:Tadukhepa 1495:Mitannian 1446:coregency 1421:Gilukhepa 1406:... Thus 1400:Tushratta 1396:Tadukhepa 1353:Akhenaten 1227:Amenhotep 1204:hyperbole 1132:Kurigalzu 1128:Tushratta 1124:Tadukhepa 1112:Gilukhepa 1089:Baltimore 1066:Beketaten 1006:Mutemwiya 986:Akhenaten 975:Mutemwiya 883:Monuments 854:Mutemwiya 828:Beketaten 780:Tadukhepa 776:Gilukhepa 91:Akhenaten 87:Successor 8424:Chariots 8414:Trumpets 8228:21 to 23 8146:Galerius 8141:Maximian 8130:Numerian 8097:Aurelian 8049:Valerian 8012:Balbinus 8005:Pupienus 7959:Macrinus 7931:Pertinax 7925:Commodus 7890:Domitian 7853:Claudius 7848:Caligula 7843:Tiberius 7838:Augustus 7458:Darius I 7410:Necho II 7253:Shebitku 7225:Tefnakht 6818:Horemheb 6748:Ahmose I 6560:Pantjeny 6546:Senebkay 6526:Pepi III 6488:Bebiankh 6345:Shenshek 6303:Nebsenre 6135:Sihathor 6105:Khendjer 6068:Renseneb 6013:Nerikare 5858:Intef II 5735:Merykare 5640:Wadjkare 5584:Merenhor 5479:Userkare 5386:Menkaure 5380:Bikheris 5369:Djedefre 5335:Qahedjet 5219:Wadjenes 5205:Horus Sa 5198:Nubnefer 5185:Nynetjer 5149:Sneferka 4889:Ni-Neith 4775:Pharaohs 4702:. Cairo. 4670:(1996). 4616:(1992). 4512:18 March 4507:20159872 4257:(1969). 4214:(1997). 4106:Archived 4092:23247979 4043:20159872 3993:31488661 3922:31267777 3616:26808107 3517:Archived 3005:, no. 2. 2640:See also 1739:quarries 1235:Ptahmose 798:Thutmose 794:Children 8498:culture 8496:Popular 8123:Carinus 8104:Tacitus 8062:Quietus 7905:Hadrian 7589:Khabash 7420:Wahibre 7400:Necho I 7394:Nekauba 7382:Ammeris 7325:Dynasty 7263:Taharqa 7258:Shabaka 7195:Rudamun 7174:Iuput I 7019:Herihor 6971:Smendes 6871:Twosret 6861:Seti II 6705:female) 6690:Dynasty 6586:Rahotep 6483:Semenre 6453:Djehuti 6435:Khamudi 6424:Yanassi 6407:Salitis 6359:Yakareb 6352:Khamure 6283:Sehebre 6205:Merkare 5853:Intef I 5792:Dynasty 5701:Imhotep 5661:Iytjenu 5647:Khuiqer 5559:Menkare 5510:Neferka 5494:Pepi II 5416:Userkaf 5310:Sanakht 5133:Anedjib 5113:Hor-Aha 5046:Iry-Hor 5040:Shendjw 5012:Pen-Abu 4896:Hat-Hor 4818:Dynasty 4306:3855505 3984:6822619 3961:Science 3640:5 April 3094:May 30, 2777:25 July 2388:Gallery 1821:in the 1819:Sekhmet 1720:barques 1716:obelisk 1640:to the 1551:Kheruef 1543:Malkata 1381:Nineveh 1345:Babylon 1341:Mitanni 1337:Assyria 1258:Malkata 1220:viziers 1144:Babylon 1136:Babylon 1120:Mitanni 1062:Nebetah 1050:Sitamun 961:of the 959:pharaoh 901:Dynasty 887:Malkata 818:Nebetah 806:Sitamun 784:Sitamun 768:Consort 59:Pharaoh 8330:Family 8263:Argead 8110:Probus 8030:Decius 8025:Philip 7900:Trajan 7628:Argead 7537:Muthis 7490:XXVIII 7470:Xerxes 7338:female 7316:Period 7025:Piankh 6996:Siamun 6866:Siptah 6841:Seti I 6681:Period 6633:Kamose 6567:Snaaib 6537:Abydos 6393:Semqen 6386:Sharek 6338:Sheneh 6318:'Apepi 6313:Bebnum 6268:Nehesy 6088:Sebkay 6008:Sonbef 5805:female 5783:Period 5594:Nikare 5484:Pepi I 5421:Sahure 5374:Khafre 5359:Snefru 5328:Sedjes 5300:Djoser 5226:Senedj 5104:Narmer 5063:Narmer 4945:Wazner 4910:Hsekiu 4882:Ny-Hor 4831:female 4809:Period 4680: 4628: 4586: 4565: 4505: 4454: 4428: 4404: 4374: 4348: 4325: 4304: 4269: 4243: 4222: 4193: 4148: 4098: 4090: 4041: 4033: 3991: 3981: 3928: 3920: 3614: 3374: 3087: 3077: 2932: 2372:, and 1803:Thebes 1779:Sesebi 1732:Khonsu 1730:, and 1708:pylons 1700:Karnak 1689:Amarna 1413:Ishtar 1408:Šauška 1377:Ishtar 1333:Amarna 1233:, and 1231:Aperel 1223:Ramose 1180:regent 1152:Arzawa 1074:Amarna 1064:, and 868:Burial 850:Mother 840:Father 8538:Egypt 8394:Mummy 8116:Carus 7895:Nerva 7885:Titus 7863:Galba 7830:XXXIV 7815:Roman 7594:Arses 7521:Hakor 7440:XXVII 7150:XXIII 6740:XVIII 6700:(male 6430:Apepi 6418:Khyan 6331:Wazad 6099:Wegaf 6033:Iufni 5887:Nubia 5695:Setut 5517:Nefer 5364:Khufu 5322:Khaba 5316:Nebka 5180:Nebra 5108:Menes 5067:Menes 5019:Stork 4982:Upper 4938:Neheb 4931:Thesh 4917:Khayu 4866:Lower 4479:(PDF) 4364:(PDF) 4302:JSTOR 4282:hb-sd 4183:(PDF) 4096:S2CID 3926:S2CID 3372:S2CID 3071:Brill 2771:(PDF) 1929:Soleb 1832:nemes 1771:Aniba 1765:) at 1755:Nubia 1712:Ma'at 1527:Sobek 1349:Hatti 1196:Aswan 1029:Thuya 1010:Luxor 967:Egypt 625:Nomen 66:Reign 8439:Tomb 8389:Mask 7949:Geta 7868:Otho 7858:Nero 7576:XXXI 7561:Teos 7508:XXIX 7373:XXVI 7358:Late 7335:male 7295:Late 7248:Piye 7217:XXIV 7123:Pami 7073:XXII 6662:and 6578:XVII 6324:Nuya 5993:XIII 5802:male 5764:and 5654:Khui 5551:VIII 5474:Teti 5456:Unas 5341:Huni 5143:Qa'a 5123:Djet 5118:Djer 5026:Bull 5005:Fish 4971:Wash 4952:Mekh 4828:male 4714:link 4691:2024 4678:ISBN 4626:ISBN 4597:2021 4584:ISBN 4563:ISBN 4546:link 4514:2022 4503:PMID 4452:ISBN 4439:2022 4426:ISBN 4402:ISBN 4385:2024 4372:ISBN 4346:ISBN 4323:ISBN 4267:ISBN 4241:ISBN 4220:ISBN 4204:2024 4191:ISBN 4146:ISBN 4088:PMID 4039:PMID 4031:ISSN 4013:JAMA 3989:PMID 3918:PMID 3773:2014 3642:2021 3612:PMID 3116:help 3096:2020 3085:ISSN 3075:ISBN 2930:ISBN 2779:2020 2111:Tiaa 1849:Amun 1799:Nile 1777:and 1775:Kawa 1743:Tura 1724:Amun 1693:Aten 1614:and 1608:KV35 1595:WV22 1567:Huya 1271:Aten 1265:-Hay 1198:and 1058:Iset 1044:and 1027:and 1025:Yuya 1021:Tiye 1014:Amun 949:and 939:Amun 930:IPA: 872:WV22 860:Died 810:Iset 788:Iset 772:Tiye 8554:Tut 7548:XXX 7297:to 7240:XXV 6963:XXI 6828:XIX 6445:XVI 6225:XIV 6073:Hor 5914:XII 5547:VII 5292:III 5128:Den 4924:Tiu 4790:to 4493:doi 4489:303 4294:doi 4078:hdl 4070:doi 4066:345 4062:BMJ 4021:doi 4017:303 3979:PMC 3969:doi 3965:365 3908:hdl 3900:doi 3602:doi 3598:159 3364:doi 2341:to 2335:H2b 2331:R1b 2273:3. 2163:1. 2109:5. 2051:2. 2025:9. 1993:4. 1967:8. 1749:in 1741:at 1728:Mut 1549:of 1379:of 1263:Per 1200:Saï 1118:of 1099:or 953:as 945:or 937:; 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