238:) remains were also found in the earliest layer of the trench, dating to around 2100 B.C. However unlike the dog remains, analysis of the pig remains was inconclusive on whether they were domesticated or wild boar. However, by around 1800 B.C., the age of the pigs at death were around 2–3 years, consistent with that of a population of domestic pigs. This evidence suggests that slaughter of domestic pigs was more common by this time than wild boar hunting, and for the majority of its occupation, the population at An Son was engaged in pig husbandry, most likely with the help of containment crates.
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263:. Due to the proximity of An Son to other sites, research provided insight into relations and interactions with other regions, helping understand certain behaviors or cultural styles that civilizations exchanged. From material culture, archaeologists have been able to determine a correspondence between An Son and two other early Neolithic sites, Bau Too and Nong Nor. Nong Nor's ceramic vessels suggest strong similarities to the vessels found at An Son. They shared many characteristics, although artifacts at An Son were rare.
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231:) bones were found in all layers of the trench, indicating that dogs were domesticated and a prominent aspect of the society's diet since its initial occupation around 2100 B.C. This marks one of the earliest indicators of dog domestication in Southern Vietnam. The cut marks found on the bones, and lack of remains found in burials indicate that while the dogs were domesticated they were most likely bred to be butchered and eaten rather than for companionship.
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time improved and became more intricate. In the 1997 excavation, Nishimura
Masanari and Nguyen Kim Dung found pottery that had different decorations, indicating development of new techniques and tools resulting in more intricate designs over a period of time. In the 2009 excavation, archaeologists expected to find more pottery vessel remains but instead found tools for puncturing and incising the pottery.
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of
Southern Vietnam. This site provides one of the earliest evidence demonstrating a well developed culture in Southern Vietnam. While this site was only occupied for a short period of time, the material culture demonstrates both a strong tie to other regions as well as indigenous identity. The clear
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In addition, An Son exemplifies the rapid adaptation and local innovation of
Neolithic culture in Southern Vietnam. The introduction of Neolithic type ceramics, advanced rice cultivation, and the domestication of animals were all found very early in the layers of the site. This indicates that all of
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An Son is one of the most extensively excavated sites in
Southern Vietnam that provides evidence of a Neolithic sequence. Excavations occurred over the course of a decade that increased knowledge of the people of An Son, while also permitting comparison of its Neolithic culture to other regions and
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Another common artifact found at An Son is pottery remains. Pottery at the site was decorated with intricate patterns, showcasing their makers' skill. Pottery was often used for cooking, storing, or serving food. While the use for pottery typically remained the same, the designs over the course of
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One of the important discoveries in the site was the discovery of domestic dog bones in the earliest layers. Currently there is no earlier evidence of domestic dogs in the
Hoabinhian culture in southern Vietnam. Therefore, evidence of domestic dog bones in the early layers of the site of An Son
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Archaeologists have found some of the best evidence for subsistence strategies at An Son. The site is home to some of the earliest sedentary agriculturists in southern
Vietnam. Excavations that have resulted in proof of agricultural sites have been used to determine the timing and dates of the
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of the site using material remains found within four cultural layers within pit 1. The analysis of the artifacts led to the identification of four major cultural periods in An Son. In addition, they were able to more definitively date the time of occupation as the 2nd millennium B.C., in the
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that existed during the period of occupation. In addition, excavation of ceramic remains, specifically pottery, provided information not only on the cultural substance of the population, but also led to predictions of intra- and inter-regional relations and origins of the population.
287:, however the ceramics found at the An Son site shows similarities to Thailand ceramic techniques. The similarities and differences An Son had to areas in and around Vietnam show the interaction with other civilizations.
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on vessels at An Son. Roulette stamping is a decorative technique used frequently on ceramic vessels. Although An Son's material culture shows ceramics were often incised and impressed which is common throughout
275:, roulette stamping shows potential communication with other cultures or civilizations. Widespread Neolithic culture in Southern Vietnam led to innovation across civilizations shortly after settlement at sites.
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Bellwood, Peter; Oxenham, Marc; Hoang, Bui Chi; Dzung, Nguyen Kim; Willis, Anna; Sarjeant, Carmen; Piper, Philip; Matsumura, Hirofumi; Tanaka, Katsunori; Beavan-Athfield, Nancy; Higham, Thomas (2011).
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The 2004 excavation proved to be most helpful in identifying human burials in An Son. Archaeologists dug multiple trenches in the eastern side of the site and were able to locate 20 individuals.
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While pig and dog bones were the most dominant in the make up of bones found in An Son, there was also evidence for wild animal hunting including other terrestrial mammals, reptiles, and fish.
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between approximately 2300-1200 B.C. During the excavations, archaeologists found many artifacts indicative of a
Neolithic lifestyle similar to other Neolithic sites in Southern Vietnam and
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importance of this site is demonstrated by the interest from the Center for
Vietnamese and Inter-cultural Studies in Hanoi, Vietnam. The Center funded and led the excavation in 1997.
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found in the burials further helped establish the continuous occupation of the site. The An Son burials constitute a
Neolithic population that expressed a mixture of both indigenous
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tools made out of stone used for cutting material or food sources, giving archaeologists a better understanding of the time period and the technological advancements at An Son.
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introduction of domesticating animals in other areas in
Vietnam. Archaeologists have been able to determine the interactions between the site of An Son and other sites around
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The 2009 excavation yielded an abundance of artifacts illuminating different cultural aspects of An Son. Specifically, animal bones and plant remains provide evidence for the
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and age profiling analysis of 8610 animal bones found within the different layers of a trench. Within this trench the majority of bones uncovered were those of dog and pig.
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productions. Furthermore, the burials found from excavations at An Son have gathered evidence of ritual ceremonies, an indication of the belief system of this area.
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Archaeologists were able to study the site of An Son due to material artifacts that indicated a timeline in which a civilization existed. Excavations found stone
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during the early Neolithic period indicate that domestic dogs were most likely introduced to the area by the earliest agriculturalists in the region.
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There have been five major excavation projects since 1987 in An Son. The three most significant of these occurred in 1997, 2004, and 2009.
414:"[SOUTHEAST ASIAN PREHISTORY] Excavation of An Son: a Neolithic mound site in the middle Vam Co Dong valley, southern Vietnam"
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Piper, P. J.; Campos, F. Z.; Ngoc Kinh, D.; Amano, N.; Oxenham, M.; Chi Hoang, B.; Bellwood, P.; Willis, A. (2012-02-06).
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these adaptations co-occurred. In addition, this site also demonstrates
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Another piece of evidence that hints at cultural exchange is the use of
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Finally, An Son is also significant in terms of its place in the
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556:, vol. Terra Australis 42, ANU Press, pp. 387–412,
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from the Center for Vietnamese and Inter-cultural studies at
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Contextualising the Neolithic Occupation of Southern Vietnam
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New Perspectives in Southeast Asian and Pacific Prehistory
550:"The Role of Potters in Establishing Identity at An Sơn"
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and innovation of Neolithic culture at the local level.
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in An Son was characterized primarily by dog and pig
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Nishimura, Masanari; Nguyen, Kim Dung (2008-01-24).
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Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association
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352:"An Son and the Neolithic of Southern Vietnam"
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138:and Neolithic southern Chinese DNA markers.
245:Origins and interactions with other regions
179:Ceramics found in excavation unit at An Son
41:located in the An Ninh Tay commune of the
470:International Journal of Osteoarchaeology
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97:The 1997 excavation was carried out by
16:Archaeological site in Southern Vietnam
296:the timeline of other civilizations.
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619:Archaeological sites in Vietnam
30:Vam Co Dong River (East Vam Co)
590:Strebe, Matthew (2015-11-11).
211:. In addition to evidence for
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171:Wavy Rimmed Vessel at An Son
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548:Sarjeant, Carmen (2014),
430:10.7152/bippa.v22i0.11810
107:Hanoi National University
73:. Excavations have found
291:Significance of the site
150:Excavation Trench (2009)
624:Neolithic sites of Asia
281:mainland Southeast Asia
594:. Global Heritage Fund
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19:For other places, see
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285:Northeastern Thailand
249:Further information:
187:, which are axe-like
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205:subsistence economy
199:Subsistence economy
156:subsistence economy
39:archaeological site
356:Asian Perspectives
251:History of Vietnam
234:The earliest pig (
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118:Neolithic Period.
99:Nishimura Masanari
85:Excavation history
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592:"My Son, Vietnam"
563:978-1-925021-74-5
521:978-1-76046-094-5
313:cultural heritage
268:roulette stamping
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577:2022-02-16
535:2022-02-16
320:References
136:Hoabinhian
115:chronology
45:along the
490:1047-482X
438:1835-1794
394:162068543
386:1535-8283
217:biometric
209:husbandry
189:Neolithic
63:Paul Levy
261:Cambodia
71:Thailand
257:Vietnam
79:ceramic
75:pottery
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35:An Son
21:An Sơn
568:JSTOR
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185:adzes
558:ISBN
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