1538:
960:. The Arabic script used to write the Tausug language differs in some aspects to the script used for the Arabic language and in the Jawi script used for Malay languages. One of the main differences is in the way that word-initial vowels are written. In Arabic, /in/ is (إن); in Jawi (Malay), it is (ان). In Tausug, it is (ئِن). The Tausug Arabic script utilises the letter yā' with a hamza (ئ) to represent a short vowel. If a kasra (ئِ) is added, it becomes an 'i' sound. If a fatha (ئَ) is added, it becomes an 'a' sound. If a damma (ئُ) is added, it becomes a 'u' sound.
113:
1468:
1571:
82:
410:
1557:
936:. The script was developed approximately 1920–1937. "Although the script is used for representing Visayan (Cebuano)—a widely used language of the southern Philippines—its privileged role is in the written reproduction of a constructed utopian language, referred to as Eskayan or Bisayan Declarado... the Eskayan language and its script are used by approximately 550 people for restricted purposes in the southeast of the island of Bohol."
884:
845:
864:
622:
1524:
945:
534:
677:
1510:
898:
168:
136:
214:
120:
262:
246:
230:
200:
184:
152:
826:
1483:
went before the House of
Representatives of the Republic of the Philippines in 2011. The bill calls for the protection and conservation of Baybayin as the national script of the Philippines. Among its strategies, it aims to promote the Baybayin script by having it inscribed on all Philippine-produced
461:
The use of the
Baybayin was widespread during the 15th century. By the end of 17th century, its use was almost non-existent and its use in public life eventually disappeared by the 18th century. The inability of the script to record the new sounds introduced by the Spaniards, the rapid acquisition of
1490:
The Act came before the House again in 2018. According to a press release from the House, the bill "declares there is a need to promote, protect, preserve and conserve "Baybayin" as the
National Writing System of the Philippines, using it as a tool for cultural and economic development to create a
635:
The script became prominent with the spread of Islam, supplanting the earlier writing systems. The
Tausugs, Malays, and other groups that use it hold the script in high esteem as a gateway to understanding Islam and its Holy Book, the Quran. The use of Jawi script was a key factor driving the
2032:
777:
was also cited. The inscription of the four suyat scripts was the first documentary heritage of the
Philippines to be inscribed in the Memory of the World Programme. Computer fonts for these three living scripts are available for
1537:
421:
Baybayin is a script that has historically been widely used in traditional
Tagalog domains and in other parts of Luzon and Visayas in the Philippines prior to and during the 16th and 17th centuries. Baybayin is an
430:
is
Tagalog in origin and is used as an umbrella term that encompasses other Philippine variants known under other names in a number of other major Philippine ethnolinguistic domains, such as Badlit (in
1808:
1487:
Due to lack of congressional and senatorial sessions and support, the bill did not pass into law in the 16th
Congress. It was refiled in 2016 under the 17th Congress, with little political support.
2183:
454:, called the "Calatagan Pot," is inscribed with characters strikingly similar to Baybayin, and is claimed to have been inscribed ca. 1300 AD. However, its authenticity has not yet been proven. The
462:
literacy in the Latin script with its concomitant social and material benefits, and the disruption of traditional family activities were the main culprits for the loss of
Baybayin script.
2237:
1503:
techniques and styles in the
Philippines. Each suyat script has its own suyat calligraphy, although all suyat calligraphy are collectively referred to as Filipino suyat calligraphy.
447:). Baybayin script continued to be used during the early part of the Spanish colonization of the Philippines until largely being replaced by usage of the Latin alphabet.
2176:
101:
ethnolinguistic groups. The term was suggested and used by cultural organizations in the Philippines to denote a unified neutral terminology for Philippine scripts.
2721:
2617:
2588:
1635:
2209:
1855:
458:
in Manila, one of the largest archives in the Philippines, currently possesses the most extant collections of ancient variants of Baybayin script in the world.
2083:
769:
also recognized that the four scripts, along with thirteen other suyat scripts, have existed within the Philippine archipelago since the 10th century AD. The
2849:
2169:
1949:
1812:
794:
fonts as well a concise manual that gives a background of these ancient scripts and a short tutorial on how to write with them are included in each package.
2652:
2568:
1782:
3052:
277:
1674:
2978:
2477:
383:, found in the 1970s and dated between the 9th and 12th centuries. It is an ancient seal made of ivory that was found in an archaeological site in
2433:
1706:
112:
2583:
2465:
1836:
1741:
1570:
2706:
2627:
2379:
2350:
1993:
474:
are the only surviving descendants of Baybayin, however their use is confined to poetry and other literary pursuits among their writers.
3067:
1753:
Mahinnaz Mirdehghan. 2010. Persian, Urdu, and Pashto: A comparative orthographic analysis. Writing Systems Research Vol. 2, No. 1, 9–23.
1764:
325:
Since the 21st century, these scripts have simply been collectively referred to as "suyat" by various Filipino cultural organizations.
1933:
1659:
455:
392:
3212:
2033:"Philippine Paleographs (Hanunoo, Buid, Tagbanua and Pala'wan) - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization"
2842:
2716:
2455:
1491:
consciousness, respect and pride for the legacies of Filipino cultural history, heritage and the country's authentic identity."
2423:
1888:
2224:
2052:
2007:
1907:
1472:
360:
3161:
2971:
738:
3062:
2526:
2521:
3233:
2835:
2511:
2413:
2390:
2262:
1615:
371:
containing numerous loanwords from Sanskrit and a few non-Malay vocabulary elements whose origin is ambiguous between
297:
around 300 BC. These scripts are related to other Southeast Asian systems of writing that developed from South Indian
2068:
Kelly, Piers. 2015. Introducing the Eskaya Writing System: A Complex Messianic Script from the Southern Philippines.
1786:
2996:
2593:
2460:
2428:
2397:
2385:
2091:
1605:
1953:
1467:
363:, the earliest known written document found in the Philippines. It is a legal document with the inscribed date of
3207:
2816:
2572:
952:
The Tausūg language was previously written with the Arabic alphabet. The script used was inspired by the use of
3238:
2964:
2311:
2296:
1736:
Andrew Alexander Simpson (2007). Language and National Identity in Asia. Oxford University Press. pp. 356–60.
2114:
1556:
3120:
3100:
3077:
3046:
3020:
2882:
2622:
2556:
2318:
2204:
1577:
833:
774:
636:
emergence of Malay as the lingua franca of the region, alongside the spread of Islam. It was widely used in
353:
81:
2791:
1610:
2733:
2642:
653:
1703:
1682:
746:
467:
391:
in stylized Kawi. Declared as a National Cultural Treasure, the Butuan Ivory Seal is now housed at the
765:
as the only existing suyat scripts still used by certain Philippine communities in their daily lives.
409:
3057:
2418:
2252:
1523:
689:
665:
657:
637:
627:
615:
310:
2301:
1870:
645:
451:
1833:
3166:
3015:
2945:
2482:
2267:
2233:
909:
641:
2161:
1509:
2929:
2811:
2761:
2741:
2306:
2272:
2257:
1929:
1737:
814:
758:
661:
649:
607:
471:
426:
which uses a system of diacritical marks to associate vowels with consonant symbols. The name
380:
2139:
323:
about the 5th century, and Arabic scripts that have been used in South East Asian countries.
3191:
3030:
2924:
2887:
2796:
2680:
2531:
2516:
2472:
1967:
1515:
913:
685:
302:
2892:
2786:
2766:
2756:
2734:
Dr. Leticia Ramos-Shahani - sister of former President Fidel Ramos is married to an Indian
2701:
2657:
2631:
2536:
2056:
1911:
1892:
1840:
1710:
1548:
871:
754:
729:
611:
599:
562:
498:
489:
483:
367:
822, corresponding to April 21, 900 CE. It was written in the Kawi script in a variety of
320:
290:
220:
65:
17:
3130:
3115:
2987:
2908:
2877:
2806:
2561:
2291:
1562:
957:
905:
883:
725:
709:
603:
542:
315:
306:
174:
45:
976:– وَيْـرُٷنْ تُـهَـنْ مَـلَـيِـڠْـكَـن هَالله، هِـمُـحَـمَّـدْ ئِـڠ رَسُـولْ سِـڠ الله
844:
786:
platforms, and come into two styles based on actual historical and stylistic samples.
3227:
3156:
2781:
2771:
2726:
2711:
2343:
2286:
2276:
1625:
1590:
925:
701:
595:
582:
519:
372:
298:
89:
86:
2658:
Biag ni Lam-ang Ilocano epic based on the Indian Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharta
1885:
1809:"In Focus: The Mystery of the Ancient Inscription (An article on the Calatagan Pot)"
621:
3186:
2776:
2662:
933:
863:
852:
750:
721:
554:
463:
440:
190:
55:
2049:
1904:
2801:
2576:
2219:
2214:
1630:
1595:
1544:
1500:
1475:
found in Lumbang River, the oldest known artifact to have a suyat writing on it.
953:
944:
921:
705:
376:
345:
339:
294:
158:
142:
676:
3171:
2751:
2338:
2280:
1620:
929:
787:
570:
533:
98:
2648:
Alim and Hudhud of Ifugao based on Indian Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharta
3140:
3135:
3125:
2746:
2247:
2242:
783:
550:
436:
368:
364:
2537:
Sampaguita Filipino national flower is named from Indian sanskrit Champaka
897:
3110:
3105:
3095:
3025:
3010:
2872:
2672:
2637:
2506:
2498:
2371:
1856:
UST collection of ancient scripts in ‘baybayin’ syllabary shown to public
1529:
791:
693:
530:
style and includes 28 letters. Most letters have contextual letterforms.
444:
404:
126:
35:
3090:
2667:
1600:
983:
877:
857:
838:
819:
527:
432:
423:
414:
268:
252:
75:
3176:
2827:
2647:
2402:
2355:
766:
762:
735:
697:
523:
384:
236:
2663:
Ibalong epic of Bicol based on Indian epics Ramayana and Mahabharta
1675:"The Baybayin bill and the never ending search for 'Filipino-ness'"
825:
359:
The presence of Kawi script in the Philippines is evidenced in the
3085:
2956:
2569:
Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
2408:
1765:"Protect all PH writing systems, heritage advocates urge Congress"
1660:"Protect all PH writing systems, heritage advocates urge Congress"
1466:
963:
An example of the Arabic alphabet in writing the Tausūg language:
943:
917:
896:
675:
620:
566:
546:
532:
408:
970:– Wayruun tuhan malaingkan Allāh, hi Muhammad ing rasūl sin Allāh
3181:
349:
2960:
2831:
2165:
2668:
Darangen epic of Maranao people based on Indian epics Ramayana
779:
1499:
The diversity of suyat scripts have also established various
984:
There is no god but Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah
743:
Philippine Paleographs (Hanunoo, Buid, Tagbanua and Pala’wan)
2653:
Hudhud - the Ifugao epic based on the Indian epic Mahabharta
1994:"MARGINALIA: Jawi manuscripts and national Muslim narrative"
1723:
545:(which is a syllabary), the Arabic script is considered an
2643:
Filipino martial arts inspired by the Indian martial arts
537:
The word for the Arabic language (العربية, al-`Arabiyya).
97:) is a collective name for the Brahmic scripts of
2638:
Kudyapi guitar influenced by the Indian classical music
2238:
Indian cultural influences in early Philippine polities
2146:. House of Representatives, Republic of the Philippines
379:. A second example of Kawi script can be seen on the
27:
Modern collective term for Philippine writing systems
2140:"House approves Baybayin as national writing system"
512:
356:. It is hypothesized to be an ancestor of Baybayin.
281:
Baybayin, its variants, and other Philippine scripts
3200:
3149:
3076:
3039:
3003:
2938:
2917:
2901:
2865:
2693:
2606:
2545:
2497:
2444:
2370:
2327:
2197:
734:In 1999, four suyat scripts were inscribed in the
2517:Influence of Indian languages on Tagalog language
2192:India-related topics in Philippines articles
618:, and several other languages in Southeast Asia.
1926:Natural Language Processing of Semitic Languages
2589:Business process outsourcing in the Philippines
2532:Sanskrit language loanwords in Cebuano language
2522:Sanskrit language loanwords in Tagalog language
1928:. Springer Science & Business. p. 15.
1636:List of India-related topics in the Philippines
2752:Parul Shah (Binibining Pilipinas Tourism 2014)
2512:Indian loanwords in various Filipino languages
2084:"The Baybayin scripts in our government seals"
2972:
2843:
2742:Janina San Miguel (Binibining Pilipinas 2008)
2210:History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia
2177:
1952:. Brunei Times. July 16, 2007. Archived from
413:Different variants (styles) of Baybayin, and
8:
2618:Pre-Spanish Indian traditions of Philippines
2527:Tamil language loanwords in Tagalog language
1673:Wilson I. Rosero, Michael (April 26, 2018).
505:
2382:had Indianized Hindu and Buddhist influence
2050:Computer fonts of surviving ancient scripts
1704:Philippine Centrum Communication Foundation
573:later on in the development of the script.
309:, a type of writing used in the writing of
2979:
2965:
2957:
2850:
2836:
2828:
2817:Dr. Josephine Acosta Pasricha (Indologist)
2610:
2549:
2448:
2331:
2184:
2170:
2162:
668:in the east as early as the 15th century.
541:Unlike Baybayin (which is an abugida) and
80:
2628:National Assembly of the Philippines Hall
2478:Visa requirements for Philippine citizens
2738:Dang Cecilio (Binibining Pilipinas 1979)
2722:Foreign citizens residing in Philippines
1950:"An overview of Jawi's origin in Brunei"
988:
796:
526:. It is written from right to left in a
3051:Languages by writing system /
2623:Filipino pre-colonial styles and titles
2434:Nanak Darbar Indian Sikh Temple, Iloilo
1871:UST Baybayin collection shown to public
1647:
1505:
1992:Limba, Mansoor L. (October 21, 2016).
1653:
1651:
565:, scribes devised means of indicating
387:. The seal is inscribed with the word
2747:Venus Raj (Binibining Pilipinas 2010)
2584:Business process outsourcing to India
2466:Visa requirements for Indian citizens
2356:Cainta historic settlement of Indians
716:Contemporary Philippine Indic scripts
553:. Specifically, it is considered an "
293:that developed and flourished in the
7:
2675:(fingernail dance of Sulu and Sabah)
2564:from Haryana imported to Philippine
2380:Religion in pre-colonial Philippines
2351:Indian settlement in the Philippines
167:
506:
493:
450:An earthenware burial jar found in
417:in other Southeast Asian countries.
329:Historical Philippine Indic scripts
3058:Ancient languages corpuses by size
2812:Dr. Juan R. Francisco (Indologist)
2507:Indianized ancient Filipino script
2082:Estrella, Fiel (August 22, 2017).
1834:University of Santo Tomas Archives
1763:Orejas, Tonette (April 27, 2018).
1658:Orejas, Tonette (April 27, 2018).
456:University of Santo Tomas Archives
393:National Museum of the Philippines
135:
25:
2113:Camero, Jazmin (April 15, 2012).
2070:Australian Journal of Linguistics
1886:Extinction of a Philippine script
1844:University of Santo Tomas Website
1783:"Nation Museum Collections Seals"
2717:Ethnic groups in the Philippines
1569:
1555:
1536:
1522:
1508:
990:Tausug Alphabet – Arabic Script
882:
862:
843:
824:
260:
244:
228:
213:
212:
198:
182:
166:
150:
134:
119:
118:
111:
2424:Deities of Philippine mythology
2215:Tabon Caves Garuda Gold Pendant
684:Contemporary suyat include the
261:
245:
2757:Ramon Bagatsing (Manila mayor)
2712:Indian surnames in Philippines
2707:List of Filipino-Indian people
2225:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
1473:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
522:as it is codified for writing
494:أَلْأَبْجَدِيَّة ٱلْعَرَبِيَّة
361:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
229:
1:
2059:. Accessed September 4, 2008.
1914:. Accessed September 4, 2008.
1895:. Accessed September 4, 2008.
1713:. Accessed September 3, 2008.
1543:Tagbanwa musical instrument (
739:Memory of the World Programme
319:during the ascendancy of the
199:
183:
3063:Undeciphered writing systems
2072:Volume 36, Issue 1: 131-163.
1484:or processed food products.
352:and was used across much of
151:
3068:Creators of writing systems
2807:José W. Diokno (politician)
2634:behind the president's seat
2456:India–Philippines relations
2414:Hinduism in the Philippines
2391:Buddhism in the Philippines
2263:Maynila (historical entity)
2055:September 17, 2008, at the
1910:September 25, 2008, at the
1891:September 25, 2008, at the
1616:Hinduism in the Philippines
518:), or Arabic abjad, is the
513:
499:
3255:
2997:Index of language articles
2797:Sharmaine Arnaiz (actress)
2787:Melanie Marquez (director)
2461:Tourism in the Philippines
2429:Philippine folk literature
2398:Hinduism in Southeast Asia
2386:Buddhism in Southeast Asia
2115:"House of Representatives"
1606:Culture of the Philippines
719:
672:Contemporary suyat scripts
580:
481:
402:
337:
287:Ancient Philippine scripts
18:Ancient Philippine scripts
2994:
2767:Cassandra Ponti (actress)
2762:Raymond Bagatsing (actor)
2673:Pangalay or Daling Daling
2613:
2573:Philippine Carabao Center
2552:
2451:
2334:
1905:Living Philippine scripts
1709:October 26, 2008, at the
932:, it is based on cursive
591:
569:sounds by separate vowel
500:al-ʾabjadīyaḧ l-ʿarabīyah
94:
3053:by first written account
2632:ancient Hindu saint Manu
2312:Tondo (Historical State)
2297:Sultanate of Maguindanao
1471:The actual image of the
654:Sultanate of Maguindanao
557:". As with other impure
507:أَلْحُرُوف ٱلْعَرَبِيَّة
3021:History of the alphabet
2782:Gardo Versoza (actress)
2772:Chanda Romero (actress)
2557:Maritime Southeast Asia
2319:Battle of Manila (1762)
2205:Maritime Southeast Asia
1463:National writing system
775:Hanunó'o/Hanunoo script
549:, meaning it only uses
354:Maritime Southeast Asia
2777:Dawn Zulueta (actress)
2008:"A primer on Baybayin"
1924:Zitouni, Imed (2014).
1876:accessed June 18, 2012
1846:accessed June 17, 2012
1611:Art of the Philippines
1476:
1398:alip with hamja above
949:
902:
681:
632:
538:
418:
2802:Zia Marquez (actress)
1973:. dialnet.unirioja.es
1839:May 24, 2013, at the
1769:newsinfo.inquirer.net
1481:"National Script Act"
1470:
1436:yā' with hamja above
1416:wāw with hamja above
947:
900:
876:Central and Northern
798:Modern Indic scripts
773:poetry made with the
761:, were recognized by
679:
624:
536:
488:The Arabic alphabet (
412:
2419:Philippine mythology
2253:Kedatuan of Madja-as
1861:accessed 17 June 012
1815:on November 28, 2020
1578:Hanunó'o calligraphy
1549:Tagbanwa calligraphy
1530:Baybayin calligraphy
745:. The four scripts,
666:Sultanate of Ternate
658:Sultanate of Pattani
638:Sultanate of Malacca
631:('Laws of Malacca').
628:Undang-Undang Melaka
514:al-ḥurūf l-ʿarabīyaḧ
278:class=notpageimage|
2302:Sultanate of Buayan
2236:in Philippines and
2144:www.congress.gov.ph
2119:www.congress.gov.ph
1516:Kulitan calligraphy
991:
980:English translation
799:
646:Sultanate of Brunei
443:), and Kulitan (in
3234:Philippine scripts
3162:Canadian syllabics
3031:Scripts in Unicode
3016:History of writing
2946:Philippine Braille
2859:Philippine scripts
2630:has the statue of
2483:Filipinos in India
2268:Kingdom of Namayan
2234:Indianized kingdom
1477:
989:
950:
910:constructed script
903:
901:The Eskayan script
797:
690:Kapampangan people
682:
642:Sultanate of Johor
633:
539:
419:
303:Asoka Inscriptions
105:Philippine scripts
3221:
3220:
3213:In Southeast Asia
2954:
2953:
2825:
2824:
2689:
2688:
2602:
2601:
2493:
2492:
2366:
2365:
2307:Sultanate of Sulu
2273:Rajahnate of Cebu
2258:Kingdom of Butuan
1789:on March 24, 2017
1742:978-0-19-926748-4
1563:Buhid calligraphy
1460:
1459:
916:of the island of
912:of the auxiliary
890:
889:
741:, under the name
662:Sultanate of Aceh
650:Sultanate of Sulu
381:Butuan Ivory Seal
16:(Redirected from
3246:
3150:Current examples
3131:Semi-syllabaries
2981:
2974:
2967:
2958:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2829:
2611:
2594:Indian Companies
2550:
2473:Tourism in India
2449:
2332:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2163:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2094:on March 1, 2019
2090:. Archived from
2079:
2073:
2066:
2060:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1972:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1956:on May 24, 2013.
1946:
1940:
1939:
1921:
1915:
1902:
1896:
1883:
1877:
1868:
1862:
1853:
1847:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1811:. Archived from
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1785:. Archived from
1779:
1773:
1772:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1745:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1714:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1681:. Archived from
1670:
1664:
1663:
1655:
1573:
1559:
1540:
1526:
1512:
992:
914:Eskayan language
886:
866:
847:
828:
815:Ibalnan Baybayin
800:
747:Hanunó'o/Hanunoo
593:
516:
509:
508:
502:
495:
435:), Kur-itan (in
264:
263:
248:
247:
232:
231:
216:
215:
202:
201:
186:
185:
170:
169:
154:
153:
138:
137:
122:
121:
115:
96:
84:
72:
62:
52:
42:
21:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3239:Writing systems
3224:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3196:
3145:
3072:
3047:Writing systems
3035:
2999:
2990:
2988:Writing systems
2985:
2955:
2950:
2934:
2913:
2897:
2861:
2856:
2826:
2821:
2702:Indian Filipino
2685:
2598:
2541:
2489:
2440:
2362:
2323:
2193:
2190:
2160:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2123:
2121:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2067:
2063:
2057:Wayback Machine
2048:
2044:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2012:GMA News Online
2006:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1912:Wayback Machine
1903:
1899:
1893:Wayback Machine
1884:
1880:
1869:
1865:
1854:
1850:
1841:Wayback Machine
1832:
1828:
1818:
1816:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1735:
1731:
1724:"Jawi alphabet"
1722:
1721:
1717:
1711:Wayback Machine
1702:
1698:
1688:
1686:
1679:CNN Philippines
1672:
1671:
1667:
1657:
1656:
1649:
1644:
1587:
1580:
1574:
1565:
1560:
1551:
1541:
1532:
1527:
1518:
1513:
1497:
1465:
956:in writing the
948:The Jawi script
942:
895:
872:Tagbanwa script
834:Hanunó'o script
759:Ibalnan scripts
732:
730:Tagbanwa script
720:Main articles:
718:
674:
594:) is an
585:
579:
563:Hebrew alphabet
486:
484:Arabic alphabet
480:
439:), Basahan (in
407:
401:
342:
336:
331:
324:
321:Pallava dynasty
311:palm leaf books
307:Pallava Grantha
291:writing systems
284:
283:
282:
280:
274:
273:
272:
271:
265:
257:
256:
255:
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241:
240:
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233:
225:
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217:
209:
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203:
195:
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155:
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139:
131:
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123:
107:
70:
60:
50:
40:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3252:
3250:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3226:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3204:
3202:
3201:Related topics
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3082:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3049:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3007:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2961:
2952:
2951:
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2948:
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2940:
2936:
2935:
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2905:
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2899:
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2890:
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2604:
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2600:
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2591:
2586:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2562:Murrah buffalo
2559:
2553:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2540:
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2329:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2292:Rajah Sulayman
2289:
2284:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2166:
2158:
2157:
2131:
2105:
2074:
2061:
2042:
2037:www.unesco.org
2024:
1999:
1984:
1959:
1941:
1935:978-3642453588
1934:
1916:
1897:
1878:
1863:
1848:
1826:
1800:
1774:
1755:
1746:
1729:
1715:
1696:
1685:on May 5, 2020
1665:
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1639:
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1613:
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1434:
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1375:
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1371:
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1364:
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1360:
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1310:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
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1290:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1279:
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1266:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1246:
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1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
987:
986:
977:
971:
958:Malay language
941:
938:
906:Eskayan script
894:
891:
888:
887:
880:
874:
868:
867:
860:
855:
849:
848:
841:
836:
830:
829:
822:
817:
811:
810:
807:
804:
726:Hanunoo script
717:
714:
700:script of the
692:, variants of
688:script of the
686:modern Kulitan
673:
670:
581:Main article:
578:
575:
561:, such as the
482:Main article:
479:
476:
403:Main article:
400:
397:
348:originated in
338:Main article:
335:
332:
330:
327:
316:Grantha script
299:Brahmi scripts
276:
275:
267:
266:
259:
258:
251:
250:
243:
242:
235:
234:
227:
226:
219:
218:
211:
210:
205:
204:
197:
196:
189:
188:
181:
180:
173:
172:
165:
164:
157:
156:
149:
148:
141:
140:
133:
132:
125:
124:
117:
116:
110:
109:
108:
106:
103:
76:Modern Kulitan
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3251:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2989:
2982:
2977:
2975:
2970:
2968:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2853:
2848:
2846:
2841:
2839:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2728:
2727:Indian people
2725:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2682:
2679:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2605:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2344:Greater India
2342:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2287:Rajah Matanda
2285:
2282:
2278:
2277:Rajah Humabon
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2187:
2182:
2180:
2175:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2132:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2106:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2046:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1995:
1988:
1985:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1937:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1830:
1827:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1801:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1759:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1700:
1697:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1666:
1661:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1626:Greater India
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1591:Brahmi script
1589:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1572:
1567:
1564:
1558:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1534:
1531:
1525:
1520:
1517:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1474:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
993:
985:
981:
978:
975:
974:Arabic script
972:
969:
966:
965:
964:
961:
959:
955:
946:
939:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
899:
892:
885:
881:
879:
875:
873:
870:
869:
865:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
850:
846:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
831:
827:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
812:
808:
805:
802:
801:
795:
793:
789:
785:
781:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
737:
731:
727:
723:
715:
713:
711:
707:
703:
702:Eskaya people
699:
695:
691:
687:
678:
671:
669:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
630:
629:
623:
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
596:Arabic script
589:
584:
583:Jawi alphabet
576:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
535:
531:
529:
525:
521:
520:Arabic script
517:
515:
503:
501:
491:
485:
477:
475:
473:
469:
465:
459:
457:
453:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
429:
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416:
411:
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378:
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355:
351:
347:
341:
333:
328:
326:
322:
318:
317:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
279:
270:
254:
238:
222:
192:
176:
160:
144:
128:
114:
104:
102:
100:
93:
91:
88:
83:
79:
77:
69:
67:
59:
57:
49:
47:
39:
37:
32:
19:
3126:Pictographic
3121:Phonogrammic
2858:
2148:. Retrieved
2143:
2134:
2122:. Retrieved
2118:
2108:
2096:. Retrieved
2092:the original
2087:
2077:
2069:
2064:
2045:
2036:
2027:
2015:. Retrieved
2011:
2002:
1987:
1977:February 24,
1975:. Retrieved
1962:
1954:the original
1944:
1925:
1919:
1900:
1881:
1874:Baybayin.com
1873:
1866:
1859:Inquirer.net
1858:
1851:
1843:
1829:
1817:. Retrieved
1813:the original
1803:
1791:. Retrieved
1787:the original
1777:
1768:
1758:
1749:
1732:
1718:
1699:
1687:. Retrieved
1683:the original
1678:
1668:
1498:
1489:
1486:
1480:
1478:
979:
973:
968:Latin script
967:
962:
951:
904:
853:Buhid script
770:
742:
733:
722:Buhid script
710:Kirim script
683:
680:Kirim script
634:
626:
598:for writing
587:
586:
558:
555:impure abjad
540:
511:
497:
487:
460:
449:
427:
420:
388:
358:
343:
314:
289:are various
286:
285:
85:
74:
64:
54:
44:
34:
30:
29:
3141:Syllabaries
3111:Logographic
3106:Ideogrammic
2902:Constructed
2792:Pepe Diokno
2577:Nueva Ecija
2220:Golden Tara
1631:Calligraphy
1596:Kawi script
1545:tube zither
1501:calligraphy
1495:Calligraphy
922:Philippines
706:Jawi script
616:Minangkabau
377:Old Tagalog
346:Kawi script
340:Kawi script
295:Philippines
3228:Categories
3172:Devanagari
2339:Indosphere
2281:Singhapala
1642:References
1621:Indosphere
930:Fox script
788:PostScript
751:Buhid/Buid
625:A copy of
571:diacritics
551:consonants
143:Luzon Kawi
99:Philippine
3208:In Africa
3192:Mongolian
3136:Shorthand
3096:Alphabets
3026:Graphemes
2328:Geography
2248:Majapahit
2243:Srivijaya
1576:Bow with
1456:lām alip
995:Character
784:Macintosh
612:Banjarese
437:Ilocandia
369:Old Malay
365:Shaka era
3101:Featural
3091:Abugidas
3011:Language
3004:Overview
2930:Filipino
2893:Tagbanwa
2883:Hanunó'o
2873:Baybayin
2499:Language
2445:Politics
2372:Religion
2053:Archived
1908:Archived
1889:Archived
1837:Archived
1707:Archived
1585:See also
998:Isolated
792:TrueType
755:Tagbanwa
698:Iniskaya
694:Baybayin
608:Acehnese
472:Tagbanwa
452:Batangas
445:Pampanga
428:Baybayin
415:abugidas
405:Baybayin
399:Baybayin
301:used in
221:Tagbanua
175:Hanunó'o
127:Baybayin
90:(Arabic)
66:Tagbanwa
46:Hanunó'o
36:Baybayin
3167:Chinese
3116:Numeral
2939:Braille
2925:Abakada
2909:Eskayan
2888:Kulitan
2866:Brahmic
2698:People
2681:Cuisine
2607:Culture
2546:Economy
2405:(Asura)
2198:History
1601:Dambana
1547:) with
1001:Initial
924:. Like
920:in the
908:is the
893:Eskayan
878:Palawan
858:Mindoro
839:Mindoro
820:Palawan
809:Sample
806:Region
803:Script
771:ambahan
664:to the
590:(Jawi:
543:Eskayan
528:cursive
468:Hanunóo
433:Visayas
424:abugida
313:called
269:Kulitan
253:Basahan
3177:Hangul
3157:Arabic
3086:Abjads
2694:People
2409:Diwata
2403:Aswang
2150:May 9,
2124:May 9,
2098:May 9,
2017:May 9,
1968:"Info"
1932:
1819:May 4,
1793:May 4,
1740:
1689:May 8,
1380:hamja
1004:Medial
926:Yugtun
767:UNESCO
763:UNESCO
757:, and
736:UNESCO
728:, and
708:, and
696:, the
660:, the
600:Tausūg
559:abjads
524:Arabic
490:Arabic
478:Arabic
470:, and
389:Butwan
385:Butuan
237:Badlit
3187:Latin
3078:Types
3040:Lists
2918:Latin
2878:Buhid
2567:from
2283:city)
1971:(PDF)
1184:ngā'
1164:gayn
1028:alip
1010:Name
1007:Final
934:Latin
918:Bohol
604:Malay
588:Jawi'
567:vowel
547:abjad
464:Buhid
441:Bicol
206:Kirim
191:Buhid
95:سُيَت
56:Buhid
51:ᜰᜳᜬᜦ᜴
41:ᜐᜓᜌᜆ᜔
31:Suyat
3182:Kana
2152:2019
2126:2019
2100:2019
2019:2019
1979:2020
1930:ISBN
1821:2020
1795:2020
1738:ISBN
1691:2019
1479:The
1453:ــلا
1450:ــلا
1430:ــئـ
1362:yā'
1342:hā'
1322:wāw
1304:nūn
1284:mīm
1264:lām
1244:gāp
1224:kāp
1204:pā'
1144:sīn
1124:rā'
1106:dāl
1088:jīm
1068:tā'
1048:bā'
954:Jawi
940:Jawi
928:and
790:and
782:and
592:جاوي
577:Jawi
375:and
373:Kawi
350:Java
344:The
334:Kawi
305:and
159:Jawi
87:Jawi
2575:in
2571:to
2279:at
2088:cnn
1356:ـﻴـ
1238:ـﮕـ
1178:ـڠـ
1158:ـﻐـ
780:IBM
504:or
71:ᝰᝳᝬ
61:ᝐᝓᝌ
3230::
2142:.
2117:.
2086:.
2035:.
2010:.
1767:.
1677:.
1650:^
1447:لا
1444:لا
1441:لا
1433:ـئ
1427:ئـ
1413:ـﺆ
1395:ـأ
1336:ـﻬ
1319:ـو
1298:ـﻨ
1281:ـﻢ
1278:ـﻤ
1261:ـﻞ
1258:ـﻠ
1241:ـﮓ
1221:ـک
1218:ـﻜ
1201:ـﻒ
1198:ـﻔ
1181:ـڠ
1175:ڠـ
1161:ـﻎ
1141:ـﺲ
1138:ـﺴ
1121:ـر
1103:ـد
1085:ـﺞ
1082:ـﺠ
1065:ـﺖ
1062:ـﺘ
1045:ـﺐ
1042:ـﺒ
982:–
753:,
749:,
724:,
712:.
704:,
656:,
652:,
648:,
644:,
640:,
614:,
610:,
606:,
602:,
510:,
496:,
492::
466:,
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1981:.
1938:.
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1744:.
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1662:.
1424:ئ
1421:ئ
1406:ﺅ
1403:ﺅ
1388:أ
1385:أ
1377:ء
1370:ء
1367:ء
1359:ﻲ
1353:ﻳ
1350:ﻱ
1347:ي
1339:ﻪ
1333:ﻫ
1330:ﻩ
1327:ه
1312:ﻭ
1309:و
1301:ﻦ
1295:ﻧ
1292:ﻥ
1289:ن
1275:ﻣ
1272:ﻡ
1269:م
1255:ﻟ
1252:ﻝ
1249:ل
1235:ﮔ
1232:گ
1229:گ
1215:ﻛ
1212:ک
1209:ک
1195:ﻓ
1192:ﻑ
1189:ف
1172:ڠ
1169:ڠ
1155:ﻏ
1152:ﻍ
1149:غ
1135:ﺳ
1132:ﺱ
1129:س
1114:ﺭ
1111:ر
1096:د
1093:د
1079:ﺟ
1076:ﺝ
1073:ج
1059:ﺗ
1056:ﺕ
1053:ت
1039:ﺑ
1036:ﺏ
1033:ب
1025:ﺎ
1018:ﺍ
1015:ا
92::
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48::
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33:(
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