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The ancient title, unlike the historic title, is not adverse, as by definition no other states were dispossessed at the time of the claim. The requirements of proof are thus lower. The sovereign needs to show that:
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aspect of historic claims by stating that the "istoric rights may include sovereignty, but may equally include more limited rights, such as fishing rights or rights of access". The tribunal attempted to separate
114:
140:
instead. The intent of adding the term to
Convention was to create an exception accommodating the bays that are already recognized as part of the internal waters of sovereign states.
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that accepted the existence of historic waters while underscoring the lack of their definition. Since then the international bodies avoided defining the term and even used the term
180:, in its "Juridical régime of historic waters, including historic bays", required that for the claim to be valid under the doctrine of historic title, the state needs proofs of:
152:
133:
449:
Symmons, Clive R. (2019b). "Conclusions: Does the
Concept of Historic Waters or Historic Rights Have Continuing Relevance in Contemporary International Law?".
486:
Mirasola, Christopher (2016). "Historic Waters and
Ancient Title: Outdated Doctrines for Establishing Maritime Sovereignty and Jurisdiction".
466:
431:
398:
61:
with such a "historic title". The concept of historic waters appeared at the end of the 19th century and some commentators consider it to be
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The concept of historic water goes against the established modern principles of claiming the internal waters, as originally defined by the
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the area was effectively occupied (to the standards of the time) prior to the acceptance of the freedom of high seas doctrine.
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effective exercise of the authority: if an action needs to be taken to defend the claim, it shall have been taken;
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an act declaring assertion of authority by the sovereign, the bay shall be treated like the other internal waters;
78:
563:
548:
414:
Symmons, Clive R. (2019a). "General Issues
Relating to Definitions of Historic Rights and Historic Waters".
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The
Convention also mentioned (but did not define) the historic bays following the Second Committee of the
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in the US). The goal of protecting "vital" waters is pursued by the states through the modern
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of foreign states, understood as inaction of other states with respect to the claim.
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confirmed the existence of historic rights, although stopped short of endorsing the
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504:
388:
390:
Historic Waters and
Historic Rights in the Law of the Sea: A Modern Re-Appraisal
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423:
17:
89:
were legitimate. Some historic bay claims were subsequently converted to
85:(nobody's territory) and thus claims for newly discovered parts of it by
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public declaration of the assertion of authority made by the government;
505:"The Doctrine of Ancient Title: Unknown Origins Uncertain Future"
528:
The
Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa
58:
342:
340:
393:. Publications on Ocean Development (2nd ed.). Brill.
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it was the first sovereign to claim the particular area and
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is a concept designating the waters that are treated by a
451:
Historic Waters and
Historic Rights in the Law of the Sea
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Historic Waters and
Historic Rights in the Law of the Sea
115:
Convention on the
Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone
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301:
252:
250:
27:"Ancient title" redirects here. For a horse, see
164:in their limited sense, while applying the term
153:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
134:League of Nations Codification Conference, 1930
8:
73:based on a different reasoning: during the
77:and prior to the 18th-century concept of
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488:Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce
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168:when discussing the sovereignty.
109:Historic rights in the case law
81:, the open sea was considered
49:, contrary to the established
1:
178:International Law Commission
503:Ruderman, Barry L. (1987).
453:. Brill. pp. 407–435.
580:
522:Barrie, George N. (1973).
496:Cambridge University Press
26:
459:10.1163/9789004377028_025
424:10.1163/9789004377028_002
57:is a narrower term for a
418:. Brill. pp. 1–13.
79:freedom of the high seas
143:In its 2016 ruling in
186:exercise of authority
65:in the 21st century.
510:San Diego Law Review
387:Symmons, C. (2019).
145:Philippines v. China
361:, pp. 788–789.
349:, pp. 777–783.
283:, pp. 773–776.
271:, pp. 783–785.
138:established rights
123:straight baselines
83:territoria nullius
559:International law
524:"Historical Bays"
468:978-90-04-37702-8
433:978-90-04-37702-8
400:978-90-04-37701-1
149:arbitral tribunal
127:baselines of bays
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45:as a part of its
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172:Proof of title
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93:(for example,
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39:law of the sea
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404:. Retrieved
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210:acquiescence
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95:Delaware Bay
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55:Historic bay
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534:(1): 39–62.
202:a long and
157:sovereignty
543:Categories
517:: 769–793.
406:2023-07-19
229:References
477:201326458
442:201561141
117:in 1958:
381:Sources
37:in the
498:: 29–.
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473:S2CID
438:S2CID
147:, an
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395:ISBN
176:The
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59:bay
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339:^
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532:6
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20:)
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