66:
35:
359:
hearing on the bill, "a bank employee reads his morning newspaper online and sees something about the steel industry, and then advises his clients to invest in certain markets ... The publishers argued that the bank consultant was only able to advise his clients because of the journalistic work in the published article. So that means the publisher deserves a fair share of any money made"
230:, BDZV) dated 7 May 2009 justified the demand for such a "related right" for press publishers on the grounds that press enterprises needed to defend themselves against unpaid use of their products on the Internet. This demand found its expression in the coalition agreement, which, in line 4776, states:
816:
Verlegerische
Leistungen kosten Zeit und Geld. Deswegen kann ich auch gut verstehen, dass ein Leistungsschutzrecht für Verleger gefordert wird. Deshalb arbeitet die Bundesregierung derzeit an einem Gesetzentwurf, der das Urheberrecht weiter an die Anforderungen einer modernen Informationsgesellschaft
442:
is divided on the issue as well. For a good reason: An ancillary copyright would mean a massive damage to the German economy. It's a threat to the freedom of information. And it would leave
Germany behind internationally as a place for business." Critics have suggested that Google might respond to
391:
for press publishers to increase the protection of press publications on the
Internet." However, Kreuzer disputed that the proposed right is comparable to neighboring rights for other forms of copyrighted media, writing that the regulation of extraction of snippets from news sources and regulation
313:
and other large internet companies refused to negotiate with the group, claiming that they did not need to pay and that the license fee demanded, of 11%, was unfair. At the same time numerous German publishers entered a zero-cost licensing agreement with Google so that their content continued to be
354:
wrote in 2011 that this expansion of copyright, sought by publishers since 2009, could cause "collateral damage to fundamental freedoms like the freedom of the press, the freedom of expression, the freedom of science and education as well as the communication and publication practices on the Web."
437:
A spokesman of Google denounced the proposal: "We don't have any sympathy for these plans, as an ancillary copyright lacks all factual, economic, and legal foundation. And we are not alone with this opinion: The
Federation of German Industries (BDI) and 28 other associations vehemently oppose an
358:
Supporters have stated that freedom of speech would be protected because "journalistic citations from news articles" would be exempt from the bill, as would private
Internet users. Publishers perceive the fees as fair compensation for the effort put into reporting; in an example presented at a
266:
On 5 March 2012, the joint coalition committee agreed to introduce "related rights" for press publishers as part of the third basket of the reform of the German
Copyright Act. Within a year, the commercial use of press products on the Internet, particularly for search engine providers and news
267:
aggregators, was to be subject to a charge. There was to be the equivalent of a performing rights society for collection and distribution of the fees. One thing that remains unclear is where the line should be drawn between chargeable commercial use and private use, which was to remain free.
321:
found in
September 2015 that the fee did apply. VG Media filed a competition complaint against Google, which it accuses of illegally misusing its dominant market position. The complaint was dismissed. VG Media then filed a civil suit claiming that Google owed them remuneration.
408:
questioned what criteria would be used to determine eligibility to receive payments from the clearinghouse, noting that if every blog were eligible, benefits to newspapers would be very small. These criteria remain under consideration by drafters of the proposal.
1211:
433:
issued a statement that "In the digital age, such a right is essential to protect the joint efforts of journalists and publishers," describing such revenues as "an essential measure for the maintenance of an independent, privately financed news media."
118:
In its original form, the law would have forced
Internet content providers to pay fees, collected by a central clearinghouse, to publishers for displaying their content: fees would have been levied for even short snippets of news made available by
799:
Verlage sollen im Online-Bereich nicht schlechter gestellt werden als andere
Werkvermittler. Wir streben deshalb die Schaffung eines Leistungsschutzrechts für Presseverlage zur Verbesserung des Schutzes von Presseerzeugnissen im Internet
387:, the 2009 German coalition government announced in its coalition contract that "Press Publishers shall not be discriminated against other disseminators of copyright protected works . Therefore we aim for the introduction of a
289:'s impact assessment on the modernisation of EU copyright rules. This draft states that the Commission will indeed propose the introduction of an EU wide ancillary copyright for news publishers, contradicting reassurances from
234:
Publishers should not be placed in a worse position in the online field than other disseminators of a work. We therefore propose to create a related right for press publishers to improve the protection of press products on the
837:[Speech by Federal Chancellor Angela Merkel at the Newspaper Congress of the Federal Association of German Newspaper Publishers] (in German). Berlin: German Bundesregierung. Archived from
1229:, Interest Group for the Protection of Freedom Posted on the Internet in order to safeguard the fundamental rights of the press and freedom of information in accordance with Art. 5 para. 1 GG
1067:
1247:
983:
151:
regards this as dangerous "for the creators of free content in general and for providers of open content platforms in particular". It was agreed between the coalition parties, the
817:
anpassen soll. Wir haben es nicht vergessen; es wird vorangetrieben. Wir streben eine ausgewogene
Regelung an, die den berechtigten Interessen aller Beteiligten Rechnung trägt.
17:
834:
278:
to other ministries and lobby groups. This draft, which would insert new sub-sections 87f to 87h into the German Copyright Act is currently available on the Internet.
634:
997:
1018:
686:
259:. We have not forgotten it; it is being pushed forward. We are striving for a balanced solution that takes account of the just interests of all those involved.
1118:
930:
712:
191:
The publisher's right is the subject of an ongoing legal challenge by Google and has not yet generated significant revenue for German publishing groups.
522:
The terms "related rights" and "neighbouring rights" are also used, but they cannot conveniently stand on their own when not preceded by "copyright".
1105:
903:
1244:
135:" by some. It would give press agencies the exclusive right to publish press releases for commercial purposes on the Internet and would require
1094:
570:
271:
882:
1178:
464:, "There is no other developed country that has given publishers this kind of right against aggregators. This could be a benchmark." The
152:
92:
1040:
421:
to control news articles after their publication, raising the question of how payments would be divided between publishers and authors.
739:
476:
and other newspapers, that tracks unpaid use of articles, while noting that the NewsRight system does not address the use of snippets.
318:
542:
1312:
373:
1287:
660:
143:
to obtain licenses for using small text passages. A Google spokesman called it "a black day for the Internet in Germany". Many
430:
381:
156:
1140:"Leistungsschutzrecht für Presseverleger, Überlegungen zur Struktur und zu den Auswirkungen auf die Kommunikation im Internet"
958:"Referentenentwurf des Bundesministeriums der Justiz: Entwurf eines Siebenten Gesetzes zur Änderung des Urheberrechtsgesetzes"
835:"Rede von Bundeskanzlerin Angela Merkel anlässlich des Zeitungskongresses des Bundesverbandes Deutscher Zeitungsverleger e.V."
325:
In 2019 the European Court of Justice ruled that this German law was invalid, because it had been submitted in advance to the
838:
772:
998:"Taking a bad idea and making it worse: An ancillary copyright in snippets disguised as a neighbouring right for publishers"
885:[Coalition committee agrees on intellectual property right] (in German). IGEL Initiative gegen Leistungsschutzrecht
342:
Opponents of the measure believe that granting copyright protection to what may be little more than headlines violates the
1317:
1190:
351:
984:"EU Commission: Yes, we will create new ancillary copyright for news publishers, but please stop calling it a "link tax""
239:
In a speech to the Newspaper Congress of the German Federal Association of Newspaper Publishers in September 2011, the
131:, a leading search engine, to pay publishers fees for display of news search results, causing the bill to be dubbed a "
183:
251:
Publishing costs time and money. For this reason, I can understand the demand for related rights for publishers. The
490:
87:) is a proposal incorporated in 2012 legislation proposed by the ruling coalition of the German government, led by
24:
255:
is therefore currently working on a bill to adapt German copyright law even more to the requirements of a modern
1245:
http://www.ilvostro.it/esteri/germania-lotta-dura-alla-google-tax-un-eccesso-di-protezione-del-copyright/54983/
1122:
485:
460:, described as "co-chairman of a copyright committee of German publishers" and president of public affairs for
199:
860:
1256:
418:
301:
Immediately after the publisher's right entered into law in August 2013, German media publishers created
240:
148:
1226:
457:
306:
175:
347:
286:
275:
256:
96:
1087:
Strategische Institutionalisierung durch Medienorganisationen. Der Fall des Leistungsschutzrechtes
368:
65:
960:[Draft of the Federal Ministry of Justice: draft Seventh Law amending the Copyright Law]
776:
575:
452:
388:
252:
124:
100:
594:
392:
of the right to read ("reception") of the sites containing media were unprecedented in the law.
1090:
1068:"German copyright policy 2011: Introduction of a new neighbouring right for press publishers?"
439:
343:
144:
1179:"Leistungsschutz für Presseverlage als Voraussetzung für fairen Wettbewerb auch im Internet"
1048:
747:
590:
120:
1232:
1251:
1155:
501:
115:
on 1 March 2013 by 293 to 243, following substantial changes in the week before the vote.
78:
1269:
933:[Ministry of Justice shall submit draft for a new intellectual property right].
48:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
203:
136:
1306:
830:
461:
403:
326:
244:
88:
1297:
1221:
957:
290:
69:
Protest against Ancillary copyright in Berlin, organized by Digitale Gesellschaft
935:
908:
222:). A press release from the German Federal Association of Newspaper Publishers (
1194:
863:[Merkel's speech at the BDZV on the media and the Internet] (in German)
612:
1292:
1282:
495:
282:
132:
1216:
1283:
Das Leistungsschutzrecht für Presseverleger: Eine ordnungspolitische Analyse
1052:
906:[Coalition: publishers should receive money from news aggregators].
469:
206:" in relation to other protected objects. They are regulated in sections 70
163:
110:
104:
1139:
263:
Merkel also announced that she would push the idea at the European level.
147:
regard it as useless and critics fear a reduction in diversity of opinion.
615:. N24 - Gesellschaft für Nachrichten und Zeitgeschehen mbH. 28 August 2012
314:
displayed on Google News. VG Media reduced its fee to 6% in October 2014.
1257:
http://www.vivereancona.it/index.php?page=articolo&articolo_id=368940
635:"Geld von Google - Kabinett beschließt umstrittenes Leistungsschutzrecht"
302:
310:
247:, stated that legislation on such related rights was in preparation:
140:
128:
1201:
1193:. German Federal Association of Newspaper Publishers. Archived from
1160:
1119:"Die Anhörung des BMJ zum Leistungsschutzrecht und was daraus folgt"
861:"Merkel-Rede beim BDZV zu Medien und Internet (including recording)"
1156:"Kulturkampf. Streit um das Leistungsschutzrecht für Presseverlage"
931:"Justizministerium legt Entwurf für neues Leistungsschutzrecht vor"
64:
1106:"Erforderlichkeit eines Leistungsschutzrechts für Presseverleger"
687:"Leistungsschutzrecht: Die Axt an der Wurzel der Marktwirtschaft"
159:
in their coalition agreement for the 17th session of the German
904:"Koalition: Verlage sollen Geld von News-Aggregatoren erhalten"
28:
1041:"ECJ: German ancillary copyright law invalid for publishers"
883:"Koalitionsauschuss einigt sich auf Leistungsschutzrecht"
773:"The ancillary copyright for press publishers in Germany"
1233:
http://www.currentgame.de/medienpolitik-net-startet.html
740:"Leistungsschutzrecht: Knowledge (XXG) bald ohne Links?"
16:"Link tax" redirects here. For the EU-wide version, see
1070:. Computer Law & Security Review. pp. 214–16.
1288:
Ancillary copyright/Leistungsschutzrecht - Transblawg
667:(in German). Hamburg: Spiegel Online. 29 August 2012
641:(in German). Hamburg: Spiegel Online. 29 August 2012
571:"Germany trying to cut publishers in on web profits"
1019:"The Economic Impact of Online News Intermediaries"
713:"Leistungsschutzrecht: Suchmaschinen müssen zahlen"
18:
Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market
543:"Germany wants to charge Google for news snippets"
270:On 14 June 2012, it became known that the German
249:
232:
188:May 14, and came into force on August 1, 2013.
127:. The intended effect would have been to force
443:the law by ceasing to do business in Germany.
95:(CDU), to extend publishers' copyrights. The
8:
1202:
1191:"Leistungsschutzrecht: Fakten und Argumente"
814:
797:
401:
379:
224:
216:
181:
173:
161:
108:
208:
103:at the end of August 2012 and submitted to
1212:Interview with Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger
536:
534:
532:
530:
528:
107:on 14 November 2012. It was passed by the
1204:Initiative gegen ein Leistungsschutzrecht
564:
562:
560:
558:
556:
431:Federation of German Newspaper Publishers
382:Initiative Gegen ein Leistungsschutzrecht
438:ancillary copyright for publishers. The
377:and cited by a group opposing the bill,
226:Bundesverband Deutscher Zeitungsverleger
75:ancillary copyright for press publishers
515:
417:German authors of news articles retain
84:Leistungsschutzrecht für Presseverleger
1293:Das Leistungsschutzrecht des Verlegers
1222:Materials on leistungsschutzrecht.info
661:"Google lehnt Lizenzierungspflicht ab"
293:that no link tax would be introduced.
1089:. Cologne: Herbert von Halem Verlag.
1039:Axel Kannenberg (12 September 2019).
1013:
1011:
859:Florian Altherr (21 September 2011).
767:
765:
613:"Ministerium nimmt Google ins Visier"
180:March 22, 2013, was published in the
7:
1298:Leistungsschutzrecht | German IT Law
746:. yeebase media GmbH. Archived from
363:Consistency with other copyright law
352:Bureau for Information Law Expertise
1217:Various contributions on Carta.info
541:Matthew J. Schwartz (2012-08-22).
374:Computer Law & Security Review
319:German Patent and Trademark office
309:which negotiates on their behalf.
14:
1177:Stephan Thomae (12 August 2010).
982:Keller, Paul (August 25, 2016).
447:Comparisons with other countries
33:
881:David Pachali (5 March 2012).
595:"Germany's Google Tax is a go"
202:already provides for similar "
1:
1104:Timo Ehmann; Emese Szilagyi.
738:Hedemann, F. (15 June 2012).
472:, a system introduced by the
214:of the German Copyright Act (
1085:Christopher Buschow (2012).
719:(in German). 30 August 2012
693:(in German). 29 August 2012
569:Eric Pfanner (2012-03-11).
272:Federal Ministry of Justice
1336:
547:InformationWeek Government
491:Copyright law of Australia
93:Christian Democratic Union
25:News Media Bargaining Code
22:
15:
964:(in German). 13 June 2012
912:(in German). 5 March 2012
665:Spiegel Online - Netzwelt
639:Spiegel Online - Netzwelt
285:published a draft of the
42:This article needs to be
1313:Proposed laws of Germany
1239:Italian-language sources
486:Copyright law of Germany
468:compared the measure to
1154:Joerg Heidrich (2010).
1110:Kommunikation und Recht
1079:German-language sources
425:Economic considerations
1203:
815:
798:
599:Ghacks Technology News
402:
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274:had sent a draft of a
261:
237:
225:
217:
209:
182:
174:
162:
109:
82:
70:
1066:Till Kreuzer (2011).
833:(19 September 2011).
412:
149:Wikimedia Deutschland
68:
1318:German copyright law
1147:Multimedia und Recht
1138:Dieter Frey (2010).
841:on 15 September 2012
307:copyright collective
200:German copyright law
750:on 4 September 2012
287:European Commission
281:On 25 August 2016,
257:information society
218:Urheberrechtsgesetz
1250:2012-09-04 at the
576:The New York Times
453:The New York Times
400:The co-founder of
389:neighbouring right
253:Federal Government
145:trade associations
125:web search engines
99:was agreed by the
71:
1112:. insert 2/09: 1.
1096:978-3-86962-069-5
812:Original German:
795:Original German:
440:German parliament
344:freedom of speech
184:Bundesgesetzblatt
172:It passed in the
63:
62:
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1198:
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1121:. Archived from
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1004:. April 6, 2016.
1002:OpenForum Europe
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1270:"Original bill"
1268:
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1252:Wayback Machine
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502:Online News Act
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458:Christoph Keese
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329:, as required.
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1263:External links
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1197:on 2011-12-08.
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1125:on 7 June 2012
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593:(2012-08-30).
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204:related rights
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1164:. No. 17
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1117:Timo Ehmann.
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396:Disbursements
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367:According to
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