53:
1740:, and detritus, with sediment, sand, and gravel presumably ingested accidentally alongside food items. Despite reports among fish-keepers that they require wood in their diet, no scientific evidence to date supports members of this genus feeding on wood. Bristlenoses do not school but hide when not feeding, juveniles however are typically found in brightly lit shallows at the water margin making them susceptible to predation by birds.
33:
1788:
360:
and fatter with a comparatively wider head. Colouration is typically mottled brown, grey or black. Small white or yellow spots are common. In contrast to many other loricariid 'plecos' (many of which regularly exceed a foot in captivity), the bristlenose plecos do not usually exceed six inches in length; they can thus be kept in relatively small tanks, contributing to their popularity in the aquarium hobby.
320:
1804:
easily in captivity, and are compatible with most other freshwater fish. Though typically mottled brown or black-and-grey spotted in color, other species are more exotic â spots of bright yellow on a dark background being a common pattern. Albino variants are also common. The albino morph is not caused by exposure to light during development, it is a morph controlled by genetics.
330:
1725:
1762:
usually will not leave the cavity to feed, or will leave only occasionally and quickly return. The eggs hatch in 4â10 days over a period of 2â6 hours; the male guards the eggs for 7â10 days after hatching. The fry remain in the cave, attaching to the walls and ceiling with their mouths, absorbing their
359:
spine of the males of some species. Males also have evertible cheek odontodes which are less developed or absent in females. They also lack odontodes along the snout. In comparison with a typical loricariid (pleco), a bristlenose is typically shorter (4â6 inches or 15 cm or less), more flattened
1769:
Males of these species are competitive and territorial. Males display to each other by positioning themselves parallel to each other, head to tail, with dorsal and caudal fins erect and cheek odontode spines everted. If this escalates to combat, the males will circle each other and direct attacks at
1826:
Feeding is easy, bristlenoses will graze on algae/ algae wafers and other surface growing organisms as well as eating algae wafers or tablets, flake food, squash, spinach, cucumber, zucchini, green beans peas and even sliced carrots. They have also been known to accept frozen bloodworms as part of
1803:
usually seen in pet shops. They reach up to 15 cm (5.9 in) in males, and 12 cm (4.7 in) in females. Their recommended temperature is 23â27 °C (73â81 °F). Their lifespan is up to 12 years. They are hardy animals, tolerant to a wide range of water conditions. They breed
1761:
The female plays no role in parental care; the male takes care of its young. Males will clean the eggs and the cavity with its fins and mouth. Males inspect eggs to remove diseased or infertile eggs, and aerates the clutch by fanning them with its pectoral and pelvic fins. During this time, a male
2167:
Lujan, Nathan K.; Meza-Vargas, Vanessa; Astudillo-Clavijo, Viviana; Barriga-Salazar, Ramiro; LĂłpez-FernĂĄndez, HernĂĄn (September 2015). "A Multilocus
Molecular Phylogeny for Chaetostoma Clade Genera and Species with a Review of Chaetostoma (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Central Andes".
1979:
Anderson, LuĂs Alves; Oliveira, Claudio; Nirchio, Mauro; Granado, Ăngel and
Foresti, Fausto; 'Karyotypic relationships among the tribes of Hypostominae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with description of XO sex chromosome system in a Neotropical fish species'; Genetica, vol. 128 (2006); pp.
1833:
Breeding is also possible. Males attract females to a small cave or hollow, then guard eggs after fertilization through hatching (4â8 days) until fry are free swimming (4â6 days after hatching); the aquarist need only supply a suitable cave, food, and one of each sex.
441:
species prefer flowing water, so tanks with flow are typically used when keeping them in captivity. Since they are bottom-dwelling fish, substrate is considered preferable to a bare tank floor. Mixtures of gravel, dirt, and clay are frequently used as substrate for
2458:
Ibañez, Carla; Tedesco, Pablo A.; Bigorne, Rémy; Hugueny, Bernard; Pouilly, Marc; Zepita, Claudia; Zubieta, José; Oberdorff, Thierry (April 2007). "Dietary-morphological relationships in fish assemblages of small forested streams in the
Bolivian Amazon".
1837:
Caution should be taken with the spines (odontodes); although the risk of personal injury is small with this genus, the hooked nature of the odontodes means that a bristlenose may become trapped in non-natural material such as sponge filters and netting.
1757:
includes expanding the dorsal and caudal fins and attempts by the male to escort the female to the nest. While the female inspects the nest, the male keeps close contact. The female may lay 20â200 adhesive eggs, usually to the ceiling of the cavity.
1827:
their diet. Aquarium specimens may starve for lack of algae or other plant matter; algae wafers or other low-protein foods are recommended. Keepers should watch for the abdomen to take on a sunken appearance, indicating insufficient nutrition.
2379:
Vucko, Matthew J.; Cole, Andrew J.; Moorhead, Jonathan A.; Pit, Josiah; de Nys, Rocky (November 2017). "The freshwater macroalga
Oedogonium intermedium can meet the nutritional requirements of the herbivorous fish Ancistrus cirrhosus".
1773:
A male bristlenose may guard several clutches of eggs simultaneously. Females prefer males that are already protecting eggs and may prefer males that are protecting larvae; it has been suggested that the tentacles may act as a fry
347:. The feature most commonly associated with the genus are the fleshy tentacles found on the head in adult males; females may possess tentacles along the snout margin but they are smaller and they lack tentacles on the head.
1778:
to attract females, which would allow males without eggs in their nest to compete with males guarding eggs. Several clutches in various states of development from eggs to free-swimming larvae can be found in one nest.
385:
is one of the widest ranging
Loricariid genera, and representatives are found in most areas where the family in general is present. Many species are found in the rivers and floodplain areas of the
1753:
Breeding takes place in hollows, caves and mud holes in banks. Males may clean the inside of the cavity with their suckermouth before allowing the female to approach and inspect the nest.
2336:
Kramer, Donald L.; Bryant, Michael J. (February 1995). "Intestine length in the fishes of a tropical stream: 2. Relationships to diet â the long and short of a convoluted issue".
2680:
2706:
1830:
Sexing is very easy as the female will only occasionally have bristles, around the edge of the chin, whereas the male will have them up the center of the head.
2141:"Review of Ancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the northwestern Guiana Shield, Orinoco Andes, and Adjacent Basins with Description of Six New Species"
1995:
Taphorn, Donald C.; Armbruster, Jonathan W.; Villa-Navarro, Francisco; Ray, C. Keith (26 April 2013). "Trans-Andean
Ancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)".
252:. In the aquarium hobby they are often referred to as bushynose or bristlenose plecos instead, but this may lead to confusion as "pleco" usually is used for
2496:
Satora, L (January 1998). "Histological and ultrastructural study of the stomach of the air-breathing
Ancistrus multispinnis (Siluriformes, Teleostei)".
2415:
Power, Mary E. (April 1984). "The importance of sediment in the grazing ecology and size class interactions of an armored catfish, Ancistrus spinosus".
2654:
1847:
2693:
2258:
Buck, Sonia; Sazima, Ivan (1995). "An assemblage of mailed catfishes (Loricariidae) in southeastern Brazil: distribution, activity, and feeding".
2041:
2770:
2101:
1909:
2732:
1956:(Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with comments on the evolution of snout tentacles as a novel reproductive strategy: larval mimicry"
2780:
1746:
species have the capability of obtaining oxygen through their modified stomach. This allows them to survive in conditions with
2204:
with vestigial adipose fin, with an appraisal on adipose fin loss in neotropical armoured catfishes (Teleostei: Loricariidae)"
2698:
2234:, a new species of red-dotted armored catfish from rio Branco, Roraima State, Brazilian Amazon (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)"
2126:
1951:
1534:
1198:
2524:
1770:
the head. If an intruding male manages to evict another male from the nest, it may cannibalize the other male's young.
2615:
367:
1685:
1569:
877:
343:
species show all the typical features of the
Loricariidae. This includes a body covered in bony plates and a ventral
1706:
1677:
1561:
1473:
1393:
1059:
999:
807:
535:
1660:
1594:
1452:
1431:
1372:
1215:
1028:
982:
939:
52:
2711:
1656:
1590:
1448:
1427:
1368:
1223:
1211:
1193:
1020:
1016:
974:
970:
935:
703:
1664:
1598:
1456:
1376:
1284:
943:
489:
468:
1292:
1219:
1111:
1024:
978:
898:
497:
476:
1320:
863:
815:
2775:
1799:
These fish are often kept by aquarists, as they are dutiful algae-eaters and smaller in adult size than the
1747:
1710:
1681:
1565:
1477:
1397:
1288:
1063:
1003:
885:
811:
743:
539:
493:
472:
425:. These are the only known loricariids that possess adaptions for a subterranean lifestyle, such as reduced
1253:
514:
2555:
1672:
1332:
1324:
1236:
1231:
1071:
859:
708:
258:
and its allies and is often used as a catchall term for any loricariids remotely resembling that species.
254:
1871:
2620:
2229:
1702:
1652:
1620:
1586:
1499:
1469:
1444:
1423:
1410:
1389:
1364:
1300:
1249:
1185:
1098:
1055:
1011:
995:
931:
802:
686:
629:
588:
552:
547:
531:
510:
505:
846:
832:
389:, but there are also species elsewhere in tropical South America, as well as species on the island of
2737:
2641:
2602:
2424:
2389:
2345:
2290:
2066:
1819:
1647:
1606:
1548:
1542:
1516:
1508:
1418:
1405:
1166:
1085:
926:
912:
780:
766:
691:
665:
651:
608:
574:
560:
484:
2199:
721:
678:
2765:
1813:
1639:
1491:
1153:
1145:
1125:
1036:
788:
774:
729:
659:
449:
The aquarium size that is considered by some to be a minimum for fish of this genus is 25 gallons.
1689:
1573:
1257:
518:
2760:
2440:
2361:
2082:
1633:
1581:
1485:
1464:
1384:
1338:
1314:
1306:
1279:
1271:
1265:
1172:
1139:
1131:
990:
957:
904:
828:
735:
642:
634:
616:
602:
594:
566:
463:
426:
168:
47:
2140:
2719:
2685:
2628:
2318:
2120:
2037:
2012:
1754:
1697:
1625:
1612:
1529:
1521:
1504:
1359:
1351:
1244:
1206:
1180:
1158:
1117:
1103:
1090:
1077:
1042:
965:
951:
918:
823:
794:
762:
716:
647:
621:
580:
2724:
2505:
2476:
2468:
2432:
2397:
2353:
2308:
2298:
2177:
2074:
2004:
1556:
1346:
871:
854:
840:
757:
526:
222:
1439:
1050:
673:
275:
218:
2593:
2428:
2393:
2349:
2294:
2070:
2313:
2278:
695:
94:
2053:
Trajano, E. (2001). "Habitat and
Population Data of Troglobitic Armored Cave Catfish,
1787:
2754:
1867:
285:
233:
2444:
2365:
2086:
2279:"Trophic diversity in the evolution and community assembly of loricariid catfishes"
1800:
386:
356:
319:
267:
229:
225:
150:
114:
32:
2607:
2633:
2667:
2587:
2532:
2401:
890:
748:
410:
344:
141:
1724:
329:
2078:
2008:
278:
124:
2578:
2303:
1823:; other species are now available, though exact identification is difficult.
371:
292:
64:
2322:
2016:
2472:
2228:
de
Oliveira, R.R.; Zuanon, J.; Zawadzki, C.H.; Rapp Py-Daniel, L. (2015).
2198:
de Oliveira, R.R.; Rapp Py-Daniel, L.; Zawadzki, C.H.; Zuanon, J. (2016).
2572:
2102:"Bristlenose Pleco Care: Size, Lifespan, Tank Mates, Tank Size and Setup"
1880:
1737:
406:
390:
352:
241:
84:
2659:
2436:
2357:
104:
2481:
2181:
2672:
402:
237:
74:
2549:
2509:
2277:
Lujan, Nathan K; Winemiller, Kirk O; Armbruster, Jonathan W (2012).
1786:
1775:
1733:
1723:
328:
318:
214:
1763:
2553:
2057:
Reis, 1987, from Central Brazil (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)".
2646:
1728:
Albino bristlenose catfish are common in the aquarium trade.
1732:
The diet of this genus is typical for a Loricariid â
457:
There are currently 76 recognized species in this genus:
366:
species are unusual among vertebrates in possessing an
370:, which is the prevailing method in many lineages of
2562:
291:"hook" â a reference to the form of the cheek
1950:Sabaj, M.H.; Armbruster, J.W.; Page, L.M. (1999).
374:but is very rare elsewhere in the animal kingdom.
2036:Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes.
2193:
2191:
1990:
1988:
1986:
274:. This genus is the largest genus within the
8:
2162:
2160:
2158:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1807:Historically, commonly available species of
1766:sac in 2â4 days and becoming free swimming.
2550:
2108:. Archived from the original on 2022-04-08
1963:Ichthyological Explorations of Freshwaters
31:
20:
2480:
2312:
2302:
2260:Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters
2241:Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters
2211:Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters
1945:
1943:
1848:List of freshwater aquarium fish species
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1859:
240:. Fish of this genus are common in the
2118:
2028:
2026:
429:(appearing overall whitish) and eyes.
351:, tentacles directly associated with
7:
284:The name ancistrus derives from the
232:, native to freshwater habitats in
2525:"Keeping and Breeding Bristlenose"
14:
51:
2417:Environmental Biology of Fishes
2338:Environmental Biology of Fishes
2059:Environmental Biology of Fishes
2034:The Biology of Hypogean Fishes.
2200:"Two new Amazonian species of
244:trade where they are known as
1:
2498:Canadian Journal of Zoology
2402:10.1016/j.algal.2017.08.020
2143:. Novataxa. 8 February 2019
368:X0 sex-determination system
2797:
2100:Andrew Pete (2021-07-20).
2771:Taxa named by Rudolf Kner
2125:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2055:Ancistrus cryptophthalmus
2009:10.11646/zootaxa.3641.4.2
1194:Ancistrus mattogrossensis
704:Ancistrus cryptophthalmus
405:. Three species are true
219:nocturnal freshwater fish
174:
167:
156:
149:
48:Scientific classification
46:
39:
30:
23:
2461:Aquatic Living Resources
2304:10.1186/1471-2148-12-124
2283:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1870:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1112:Ancistrus macrophthalmus
899:Ancistrus heterorhynchus
378:Distribution and habitat
2079:10.1023/A:1011884829498
1884:. January 2016 version.
886:Ancistrus gymnorhynchus
744:Ancistrus dolichopterus
415:A. cryptophthalmus
2781:Freshwater fish genera
1796:
1795:on a piece of cucumber
1729:
1673:Ancistrus vericaucanus
1333:Ancistrus occidentalis
1232:Ancistrus megalostomus
1072:Ancistrus leucostictus
337:
326:
255:Hypostomus plecostomus
2531:: 688. Archived from
1790:
1727:
1621:Ancistrus triradiatus
1500:Ancistrus stigmaticus
1301:Ancistrus multispinis
1099:Ancistrus lithurgicus
1012:Ancistrus krenakarore
803:Ancistrus falconensis
753:(Bushy-mouth catfish)
687:Ancistrus clementinae
630:Ancistrus centrolepis
589:Ancistrus brevipinnis
548:Ancistrus bodenhameri
506:Ancistrus aguaboensis
332:
322:
1820:Ancistrus temminckii
1648:Ancistrus verecundus
1607:Ancistrus trinitatis
1543:Ancistrus temminckii
1517:Ancistrus tamboensis
1419:Ancistrus ranunculus
1406:Ancistrus piriformis
1167:Ancistrus marcapatae
1086:Ancistrus lineolatus
927:Ancistrus jataiensis
913:Ancistrus hoplogenys
575:Ancistrus brevifilis
561:Ancistrus bolivianus
485:Ancistrus agostinhoi
433:Aquarium maintenance
307:are now synonyms of
158:Hypostomus cirrhosus
2473:10.1051/alr:2007024
2429:1984EnvBF..10..173P
2394:2017AlgRe..27...21V
2350:1995EnvBF..42..129K
2295:2012BMCEE..12..124L
2106:Fishkeeping Project
2071:2001EnvBF..62..195T
2032:Romero, A. (2001):
1814:Ancistrus cirrhosus
1154:Ancistrus maracasae
1126:Ancistrus maculatus
1037:Ancistrus latifrons
789:Ancistrus eustictus
775:Ancistrus erinaceus
730:Ancistrus damasceni
660:Ancistrus cirrhosus
395:A. centrolepis
324:Ancistrus cirrhosus
272:Ancistrus cirrhosus
250:bristlenose catfish
2523:Green, D. (2010).
2437:10.1007/BF00001124
2358:10.1007/BF00001991
1872:"Species in genus
1797:
1730:
1703:Lesley S. de Souza
1634:Ancistrus variolus
1582:Ancistrus tombador
1535:A. Miranda-Ribeiro
1486:Ancistrus sericeus
1470:Lesley S. de Souza
1465:Ancistrus saudades
1390:Lesley S. de Souza
1385:Ancistrus patronus
1315:Ancistrus nudiceps
1280:Ancistrus mullerae
1266:Ancistrus montanus
1199:A. Miranda-Ribeiro
1140:Ancistrus malacops
1056:Lesley S. de Souza
996:Lesley S. de Souza
991:Ancistrus kellerae
643:Ancistrus chagresi
617:Ancistrus caucanus
603:Ancistrus bufonius
532:Lesley S. de Souza
464:Ancistrus abilhoai
338:
327:
162:Valenciennes, 1836
2748:
2747:
2720:Open Tree of Life
2556:Taxon identifiers
2232:Ancistrus maximus
2182:10.1643/CI-14-194
2042:978-1-4020-0076-8
1908:Armbruster, J.W.
1748:low oxygen levels
1714:
1698:Ancistrus yutajae
1693:
1668:
1661:J. F. P. da Silva
1643:
1629:
1616:
1602:
1595:J. F. P. da Silva
1577:
1552:
1538:
1530:Ancistrus taunayi
1525:
1512:
1495:
1481:
1460:
1453:J. F. P. da Silva
1435:
1414:
1401:
1380:
1373:J. F. P. da Silva
1360:Ancistrus parecis
1355:
1342:
1328:
1310:
1296:
1275:
1261:
1245:Ancistrus minutus
1240:
1227:
1212:R. R. de Oliveira
1207:Ancistrus maximus
1202:
1189:
1181:Ancistrus martini
1176:
1162:
1149:
1135:
1121:
1107:
1094:
1081:
1067:
1046:
1032:
1017:R. R. de Oliveira
1007:
986:
971:R. R. de Oliveira
966:Ancistrus karajas
961:
952:Ancistrus jelskii
947:
940:J. F. P. da Silva
922:
908:
894:
881:
867:
850:
836:
824:Ancistrus formoso
819:
798:
784:
770:
752:
739:
725:
717:Ancistrus cuiabae
712:
699:
682:
669:
655:
638:
625:
612:
598:
584:
570:
556:
543:
522:
501:
480:
393:and two species,
355:, develop on the
206:
205:
199:
191:
183:
145:
2788:
2741:
2740:
2728:
2727:
2715:
2714:
2702:
2701:
2689:
2688:
2676:
2675:
2663:
2662:
2650:
2649:
2637:
2636:
2624:
2623:
2611:
2610:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2551:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2316:
2306:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2238:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2208:
2195:
2186:
2185:
2164:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2124:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2050:
2044:
2030:
2021:
2020:
1992:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1960:
1947:
1918:
1917:
1905:
1886:
1885:
1864:
1701:
1676:
1651:
1637:
1624:
1610:
1585:
1560:
1557:Ancistrus tolima
1546:
1533:
1520:
1503:
1489:
1468:
1443:
1422:
1409:
1388:
1363:
1350:
1347:Ancistrus occloi
1336:
1318:
1304:
1283:
1269:
1248:
1235:
1210:
1197:
1184:
1170:
1157:
1143:
1129:
1115:
1102:
1089:
1075:
1054:
1040:
1015:
994:
969:
955:
930:
916:
902:
889:
875:
872:Ancistrus greeni
858:
855:Ancistrus galani
844:
841:Ancistrus fulvus
827:
816:RodrĂguez-Olarte
806:
792:
778:
761:
758:Ancistrus dubius
747:
733:
720:
707:
690:
677:
663:
646:
633:
620:
606:
592:
578:
564:
551:
530:
527:Ancistrus amaris
509:
488:
467:
399:A. chagresi
197:
189:
181:
140:
56:
55:
35:
21:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2736:
2731:
2723:
2718:
2710:
2705:
2697:
2692:
2684:
2679:
2671:
2666:
2658:
2653:
2645:
2640:
2632:
2627:
2619:
2614:
2606:
2601:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2558:
2548:
2547:
2538:
2536:
2529:Aquatic Ecology
2522:
2521:
2517:
2510:10.1139/z97-167
2495:
2494:
2490:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2236:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2206:
2197:
2196:
2189:
2166:
2165:
2156:
2146:
2144:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2117:
2111:
2109:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2031:
2024:
1994:
1993:
1984:
1978:
1974:
1958:
1949:
1948:
1921:
1907:
1906:
1889:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1844:
1785:
1783:In the aquarium
1722:
1717:
1626:C. H. Eigenmann
1509:R. S. Eigenmann
1505:C. H. Eigenmann
1440:Ancistrus reisi
1352:C. H. Eigenmann
1104:C. H. Eigenmann
1051:Ancistrus leoni
767:R. S. Eigenmann
763:C. H. Eigenmann
674:Ancistrus claro
652:R. S. Eigenmann
648:C. H. Eigenmann
581:C. H. Eigenmann
455:
435:
423:A. formoso
380:
317:
297:Pristiancistrus
264:
202:
179:Pristiancistrus
163:
160:
139:
50:
17:
16:Genus of fishes
12:
11:
5:
2794:
2792:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2776:Catfish genera
2773:
2768:
2763:
2753:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2729:
2716:
2703:
2690:
2677:
2664:
2651:
2638:
2625:
2612:
2599:
2584:
2568:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2546:
2545:
2515:
2488:
2467:(2): 131â142.
2450:
2423:(3): 173â181.
2407:
2382:Algal Research
2371:
2344:(2): 129â141.
2328:
2269:
2250:
2220:
2187:
2176:(3): 664â701.
2154:
2132:
2092:
2065:(1): 195â200.
2045:
2022:
2003:(4): 343â370.
1982:
1972:
1919:
1887:
1868:Froese, Rainer
1858:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1843:
1840:
1784:
1781:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1694:
1669:
1644:
1630:
1617:
1603:
1578:
1553:
1539:
1526:
1513:
1496:
1482:
1461:
1436:
1428:Rapp Py-Daniel
1415:
1402:
1381:
1356:
1343:
1329:
1311:
1297:
1276:
1262:
1241:
1228:
1224:Rapp Py-Daniel
1203:
1190:
1177:
1163:
1150:
1136:
1122:
1108:
1095:
1082:
1068:
1047:
1033:
1021:Rapp Py-Daniel
1008:
987:
975:Rapp Py-Daniel
962:
948:
923:
909:
895:
882:
868:
851:
837:
820:
799:
785:
771:
754:
740:
726:
713:
709:R. E. dos Reis
700:
683:
670:
656:
639:
626:
613:
599:
585:
571:
557:
544:
523:
502:
481:
459:
454:
451:
434:
431:
419:A. galani
379:
376:
316:
313:
263:
260:
204:
203:
201:
200:
192:
184:
175:
172:
171:
165:
164:
161:
154:
153:
147:
146:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
95:Actinopterygii
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
44:
43:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2793:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2585:
2580:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2535:on 2019-07-02
2534:
2530:
2526:
2519:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2492:
2489:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2454:
2451:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2411:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2375:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2332:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2273:
2270:
2266:(4): 325â332.
2265:
2261:
2254:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2233:
2224:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2205:
2203:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2128:
2122:
2107:
2103:
2096:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1973:
1969:(3): 217â229.
1968:
1964:
1957:
1955:
1952:"Spawning in
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1802:
1801:common plecos
1794:
1793:Ancistrus sp.
1789:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1686:Villa-Navarro
1683:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1657:A. R. Cardoso
1654:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1591:A. R. Cardoso
1588:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1570:Villa-Navarro
1567:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1449:A. R. Cardoso
1446:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1369:A. R. Cardoso
1366:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1237:N. E. Pearson
1234:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1186:L. P. Schultz
1183:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
967:
963:
959:
954:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
936:A. R. Cardoso
933:
929:
928:
924:
920:
915:
914:
910:
906:
901:
900:
896:
892:
888:
887:
883:
879:
874:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
856:
852:
848:
843:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
804:
800:
796:
791:
790:
786:
782:
777:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
759:
755:
750:
746:
745:
741:
737:
732:
731:
727:
723:
719:
718:
714:
710:
706:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
688:
684:
680:
676:
675:
671:
667:
662:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
644:
640:
636:
632:
631:
627:
623:
619:
618:
614:
610:
605:
604:
600:
596:
591:
590:
586:
582:
577:
576:
572:
568:
563:
562:
558:
554:
553:L. P. Schultz
550:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
465:
461:
460:
458:
452:
450:
447:
445:
440:
437:In the wild,
432:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
377:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
335:
331:
325:
321:
314:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
295:. The genera
294:
290:
287:
286:Ancient Greek
282:
280:
277:
273:
269:
261:
259:
257:
256:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
234:South America
231:
227:
224:
220:
216:
212:
211:
196:
193:
188:
185:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
166:
159:
155:
152:
148:
143:
138:
137:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
42:
41:Ancistrus sp.
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
2563:
2537:. Retrieved
2533:the original
2528:
2518:
2504:(1): 83â86.
2501:
2497:
2491:
2464:
2460:
2453:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2286:
2282:
2272:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2244:
2240:
2231:
2223:
2214:
2210:
2201:
2173:
2169:
2145:. Retrieved
2135:
2110:. Retrieved
2105:
2095:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2033:
2000:
1996:
1975:
1966:
1962:
1953:
1911:
1879:
1873:
1862:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1818:
1812:
1808:
1806:
1798:
1792:
1772:
1768:
1760:
1752:
1743:
1742:
1731:
1696:
1671:
1653:Fisch-Muller
1646:
1632:
1619:
1605:
1587:Fisch-Muller
1580:
1555:
1549:Valenciennes
1541:
1528:
1515:
1498:
1484:
1463:
1445:Fisch-Muller
1438:
1424:Fisch-Muller
1417:
1411:Fisch-Muller
1404:
1383:
1365:Fisch-Muller
1358:
1345:
1331:
1321:J. P. MĂŒller
1313:
1299:
1278:
1264:
1250:Fisch-Muller
1243:
1230:
1205:
1192:
1179:
1165:
1152:
1138:
1132:Steindachner
1124:
1110:
1097:
1084:
1070:
1049:
1035:
1010:
989:
964:
958:Steindachner
950:
932:Fisch-Muller
925:
911:
897:
884:
870:
853:
839:
822:
801:
787:
781:Valenciennes
773:
756:
742:
736:Steindachner
728:
715:
702:
685:
672:
666:Valenciennes
658:
641:
628:
615:
609:Valenciennes
601:
587:
573:
567:Steindachner
559:
546:
525:
511:Fisch-Muller
504:
483:
462:
456:
448:
443:
438:
436:
427:pigmentation
422:
418:
414:
398:
394:
387:Amazon basin
382:
381:
363:
362:
357:pectoral fin
348:
340:
339:
333:
323:
308:
304:
300:
296:
288:
283:
271:
268:type species
265:
253:
249:
245:
230:Siluriformes
226:Loricariidae
209:
208:
207:
194:
186:
182:Fowler, 1945
178:
157:
151:Type species
135:
134:
115:Loricariidae
105:Siluriformes
40:
24:
18:
2668:iNaturalist
2588:Wikispecies
2247:(1): 73â82.
2217:(1): 67â80.
2147:11 February
1914:Kner, 1854"
411:troglobites
345:suckermouth
315:Description
301:Thysanocara
198:Regan, 1904
190:Regan, 1906
187:Thysanocara
2766:Ancistrini
2755:Categories
2539:2012-09-24
2482:10256/7795
2289:(1): 124.
2112:2022-04-08
1854:References
1711:Armbruster
1682:Armbruster
1566:Armbruster
1478:Armbruster
1398:Armbruster
1064:Armbruster
1004:Armbruster
812:Armbruster
540:Armbruster
349:Tentacules
279:Ancistrini
125:Ancistrini
2761:Ancistrus
2608:Ancistrus
2594:Ancistrus
2564:Ancistrus
2388:: 21â31.
2202:Ancistrus
1954:Ancistrus
1912:Ancistrus
1874:Ancistrus
1809:Ancistrus
1755:Courtship
1744:Ancistrus
1690:C. K. Ray
1574:C. K. Ray
1289:Pavanelli
1118:Pellegrin
878:IsbrĂŒcker
494:Pavanelli
473:Pavanelli
444:Ancistrus
439:Ancistrus
383:Ancistrus
372:arthropod
364:Ancistrus
353:odontodes
341:Ancistrus
334:Ancistrus
309:Ancistrus
293:odontodes
289:agkistron
246:bushynose
228:of order
210:Ancistrus
136:Ancistrus
71:Kingdom:
65:Eukaryota
25:Ancistrus
2573:Wikidata
2445:13343092
2366:33113299
2323:22835218
2121:cite web
2087:22106285
2017:26287090
1881:FishBase
1842:See also
1738:aufwuchs
1325:Troschel
1293:Zawadzki
1258:C. Weber
1220:Zawadzki
1025:Zawadzki
979:Zawadzki
860:A. PĂ©rez
519:C. Weber
498:Zawadzki
477:Zawadzki
407:cavefish
391:Trinidad
305:Xenocara
262:Taxonomy
242:aquarium
195:Xenocara
169:Synonyms
111:Family:
85:Chordata
81:Phylum:
75:Animalia
61:Domain:
2686:1374375
2660:2339294
2579:Q571923
2425:Bibcode
2390:Bibcode
2346:Bibcode
2314:3497581
2291:Bibcode
2067:Bibcode
1997:Zootaxa
1791:Female
1720:Ecology
1707:Taphorn
1678:Taphorn
1665:Bertaco
1642:, 1872)
1615:, 1864)
1613:GĂŒnther
1599:Bertaco
1562:Taphorn
1551:, 1840)
1494:, 1872)
1474:Taphorn
1457:Bertaco
1394:Taphorn
1377:Bertaco
1341:, 1904)
1327:, 1849)
1309:, 1912)
1274:, 1904)
1254:Mazzoni
1175:, 1904)
1148:, 1872)
1134:, 1881)
1120:, 1912)
1080:, 1864)
1078:GĂŒnther
1060:Taphorn
1045:, 1869)
1043:GĂŒnther
1000:Taphorn
960:, 1877)
944:Bertaco
921:, 1864)
919:GĂŒnther
907:, 1912)
880:, 2001)
864:Viloria
849:, 1929)
833:Trajano
808:Taphorn
797:, 1945)
783:, 1840)
738:, 1907)
698:), 1937
692:Rendahl
668:, 1836)
611:, 1840)
597:, 1904)
583:, 1920)
569:, 1915)
536:Taphorn
515:Mazzoni
453:Species
221:in the
131:Genus:
121:Tribe:
101:Order:
91:Class:
2738:268313
2725:439747
2699:164345
2443:
2364:
2321:
2311:
2170:Copeia
2085:
2040:
2015:
1713:, 2019
1709:&
1692:, 2013
1688:&
1667:, 2005
1663:&
1628:, 1918
1601:, 2005
1597:&
1576:, 2013
1572:&
1537:, 1918
1524:, 1945
1522:Fowler
1511:, 1889
1507:&
1480:, 2019
1476:&
1459:, 2005
1455:&
1434:, 1994
1432:Zuanon
1430:&
1413:, 1989
1400:, 2019
1396:&
1379:, 2005
1375:&
1354:, 1928
1323:&
1295:, 2009
1291:&
1260:, 2001
1256:&
1239:, 1924
1226:, 2015
1222:&
1216:Zuanon
1201:, 1912
1188:, 1944
1161:, 1946
1159:Fowler
1106:, 1912
1093:, 1943
1091:Fowler
1066:, 2019
1062:&
1031:, 2016
1029:Zuanon
1027:&
1006:, 2019
1002:&
985:, 2016
983:Zuanon
981:&
946:, 2005
942:&
893:, 1854
866:, 1994
862:&
835:, 1997
831:&
829:Sabino
818:, 2010
814:&
795:Fowler
769:, 1889
765:&
751:, 1854
724:, 1999
722:Knaack
711:, 1987
681:, 1999
679:Knaack
654:, 1889
650:&
637:, 1913
624:, 1943
622:Fowler
555:, 1944
542:, 2019
538:&
521:, 2001
517:&
500:, 2009
496:&
479:, 2009
475:&
403:Panama
238:Panama
223:family
144:, 1854
2733:WoRMS
2712:52071
2681:IRMNG
2673:86457
2647:24618
2621:85800
2441:S2CID
2362:S2CID
2237:(PDF)
2207:(PDF)
2083:S2CID
1959:(PDF)
1811:were
1776:mimic
1734:algae
1339:Regan
1307:Regan
1272:Regan
1173:Regan
905:Regan
847:Holly
635:Regan
595:Regan
276:tribe
215:genus
213:is a
2707:NCBI
2694:ITIS
2655:GBIF
2616:BOLD
2319:PMID
2149:2019
2127:link
2038:ISBN
2013:PMID
2001:3641
1817:and
1764:yolk
1640:Cope
1492:Cope
1285:Bifi
1146:Cope
891:Kner
749:Kner
490:Bifi
469:Bifi
421:and
397:and
303:and
266:The
236:and
142:Kner
2642:EoL
2634:VKP
2629:CoL
2603:ADW
2506:doi
2477:hdl
2469:doi
2433:doi
2398:doi
2354:doi
2309:PMC
2299:doi
2178:doi
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2075:doi
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