504:
Baumgartner, Matthias R; Hörster, Friederike; Dionisi-Vici, Carlo; Haliloglu, Goknur; Karall, Daniela; Chapman, Kimberly A; Huemer, Martina; Hochuli, Michel; Assoun, Murielle; Ballhausen, Diana; Burlina, Alberto; Fowler, Brian; Grünert, Sarah C; Grünewald, Stephanie; Honzik, Tomas (December 2014).
64:
The TCA cycle is a hub of metabolism, with central importance in both energy production and biosynthesis. Therefore, it is crucial for the cell to regulate concentrations of TCA cycle metabolites in the mitochondria. Anaplerotic flux must balance cataplerotic flux in order to retain homeostasis of
417:
can also be used to produce oxaloacetate during anaplerotic reactions in various cell types through "glutaminolysis", which is also seen in many c-Myc transformed cells. Anaplerotic enzymes mediate an alternative pathway to
53:(TCA cycle). In normal function of this cycle for respiration, concentrations of TCA intermediates remain constant; however, many biosynthetic reactions also use these molecules as a substrate. Anaplerosis is the
426:
which regulate blood glucose level by secreting insulin,contain high a mounts of pyruvate carboxylase. A decrease in insulin secretion and anaplerotic activity has been found in β-cells that do not have
795:
728:
Habarou F, Brassier A, Rio M, Chrétien D, Monnot S, Barbier V, Barouki R, Bonnefont JP, Boddaert N, Chadefaux-Vekemans B, Le Moyec L, Bastin J, Ottolenghi C, de Lonlay P (2015).
353:
249:
133:
1134:
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is an inherited metabolic disorder where anaplerosis is greatly reduced. Other anaplerotic substrates such as the odd-carbon-containing triglyceride
1039:
166:. Most important anaplerotic reaction; depending on severity, deficiency causes lactic acidosis, severe psychomotor deficiency or death in infancy
400:
633:
584:
563:
DeBerardinis, et al. The biology of cancer:metabolic reprogramming fuels cell growth and proliferation. Cell
Metabolism 7, January 2008
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Jensen, Mette V.; Joseph, Jamie W.; Ronnebaum, Sarah M.; Burgess, Shawn C.; Sherry, A. Dean; Newgard, Christopher B. (December 2008).
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147:
1129:
320:(fat with three heptanoic (C7:0) fatty acids) may be used to treat pyruvate carboxylase deficiency
73:
There are five major reactions classed as anaplerotic, and it is estimated that the production of
1020:
651:
602:
808:
759:
710:
692:
639:
629:
590:
580:
546:
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507:"Proposed guidelines for the diagnosis and management of methylmalonic and propionic acidemia"
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825:
749:
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are oxidized, one molecule of succinyl-CoA is formed per fatty acid. The final enzyme is
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730:"Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency: An underestimated cause of lactic acidosis"
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465:"The key role of anaplerosis and cataplerosis for citric acid cycle function"
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673:"Metabolic cycling in control of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion"
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secretion by aiding the production of cytosolic signal molecules.
1093:
1088:
1083:
1073:
1063:
856:
33:, a term coined by Hans Kornberg and originating from the Greek
777:
57:
that have been extracted for biosynthesis (in what are called
677:
American
Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism
196:
This is a reversible reaction forming oxaloacetate from
341:
237:
121:
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1013:
997:
969:
950:
931:
886:
877:
818:
628:. Charles M. Grisham (Sixth ed.). Boston, MA.
579:. Charles M. Grisham (Sixth ed.). Boston, MA.
347:
243:
127:
1135:Electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase
1040:Complex III/Coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductase
789:
280:Significant sources of propionyl-CoA are the
8:
55:act of replenishing TCA cycle intermediates
1010:
883:
796:
782:
774:
656:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
607:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
177:, another intermediate, in a similar way.
753:
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340:
308:from intestinal bacteria. When odd-chain
236:
120:
83:
455:
649:
600:
81:has the most physiologic importance.
7:
446:can be used to treat this disorder.
49:. Examples of such are found in the
463:Owen O, Kalhan S, Hanson R (2002).
362:and occurs in purine synthesis and
69:Reactions of anaplerotic metabolism
1026:Complex II/Succinate dehydrogenase
922:Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase
435:Diseases of anaplerotic metabolism
25:
511:Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
369:causes psychomotor retardation.
348:{\displaystyle \longrightarrow }
244:{\displaystyle \longrightarrow }
128:{\displaystyle \longrightarrow }
1050:Complex IV/Cytochrome c oxidase
440:Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency
897:Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
407:, both of which can enter the
358:This reaction is catalysed by
342:
258:This reaction is catalysed by
238:
146:This reaction is catalysed by
122:
1:
918:Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase
622:Garrett, Reginald H. (2017).
573:Garrett, Reginald H. (2017).
45:that form intermediates of a
1021:Complex I/NADH dehydrogenase
746:10.1016/j.ymgmr.2014.11.001
1181:
841:Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase
689:10.1152/ajpendo.90604.2008
1006:oxidative phosphorylation
524:10.1186/s13023-014-0130-8
255:+ α-Ketoglutarate + NADH.
173:can also be converted to
1001:electron transport chain
961:Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
836:Isocitrate dehydrogenase
429:hypoxia-inducible factor
366:. Defect of this enzyme
314:methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
942:Glutamate dehydrogenase
853:Succinate dehydrogenase
846:Succinyl CoA synthetase
364:purine nucleotide cycle
302:odd-chained fatty acids
260:glutamate-dehydrogenase
158:, indicating a lack of
985:Aspartate transaminase
482:10.1074/jbc.R200006200
395:, can be used to make
360:adenylosuccinate lyase
349:
245:
206:aspartate transaminase
162:. It occurs in animal
135:Oxaloacetate + ADP + P
129:
1160:Biochemical reactions
350:
282:essential amino acids
246:
130:
65:cellular metabolism.
59:anaplerotic reactions
31:Anaplerotic reactions
1165:Cellular respiration
980:Pyruvate carboxylase
868:Malate dehydrogenase
393:mitochondrial matrix
385:malate dehydrogenase
339:
235:
148:pyruvate carboxylase
119:
18:Anaplerotic reaction
1130:Alternative oxidase
934:α-ketoglutaric acid
734:Mol Genet Metab Rep
683:(6): E1287–E1297.
424:Pancreatic β-cells
391:. Malate, in the
345:
241:
125:
43:chemical reactions
1147:
1146:
1143:
1142:
993:
992:
809:Citric acid cycle
635:978-1-305-57720-6
586:978-1-305-57720-6
409:citric acid cycle
373:
372:
335:Adenylosuccinate
51:citric acid cycle
47:metabolic pathway
41:= 'to fill', are
27:Chemical reaction
16:(Redirected from
1172:
1011:
972:oxaloacetic acid
884:
826:Citrate synthase
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475:(34): 30409–12.
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405:oxaloacetic acid
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326:Adenylosuccinate
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381:PEP carboxylase
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399:(catalyzed by
379:is created by
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355:AMP + Fumarate
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306:propionic acid
278:
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204:reaction, via
202:transamination
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111:Pyruvate + HCO
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998:Mitochondrial
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469:J. Biol. Chem
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268:Propionyl-CoA
266:
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261:
257:
226:
223:
221:
220:Ketoglutarate
217:
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154:activated by
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40:
36:
32:
19:
1056:
1045:Cytochrome c
953:succinyl-CoA
878:
737:
733:
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680:
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625:Biochemistry
624:
617:
576:Biochemistry
575:
568:
559:
514:
510:
499:
472:
468:
458:
444:triheptanoin
438:
413:
401:malic enzyme
374:
318:Triheptanoin
273:Succinyl-CoA
189:Oxaloacetate
169:
164:mitochondria
160:oxaloacetate
107:Oxaloacetate
75:oxaloacetate
72:
63:
58:
30:
29:
1062:synthesis:
879:Anaplerotic
310:fatty acids
37:= 'up' and
1154:Categories
1057:Coenzyme Q
1031:Coenzyme Q
889:acetyl-CoA
805:Metabolism
517:(1): 130.
450:References
294:isoleucine
290:methionine
156:acetyl-CoA
831:Aconitase
740:: 25–31.
697:0193-1849
652:cite book
644:914290655
603:cite book
595:914290655
533:1750-1172
415:Glutamine
343:⟶
298:threonine
239:⟶
227:+ NAD + H
225:Glutamate
214:Glutamate
198:aspartate
184:Aspartate
123:⟶
93:Reaction
863:Fumarase
764:28649521
715:18728221
551:25205257
491:12087111
431:-1 beta
397:pyruvate
331:Fumarate
175:L-malate
171:Pyruvate
102:Pyruvate
79:pyruvate
1035:(CoQ10)
1014:Primary
870:and ETC
812:enzymes
755:5471145
706:2603555
542:4180313
420:insulin
389:cytosol
387:in the
1104:COQ10B
1099:COQ10A
762:
752:
713:
703:
695:
642:
632:
593:
583:
549:
539:
531:
489:
377:malate
286:valine
152:enzyme
115:+ ATP
96:Notes
39:πληρόω
1123:Other
1114:PDSS2
1109:PDSS1
819:Cycle
403:) or
200:in a
150:, an
87:From
77:from
1094:COQ9
1089:COQ7
1084:COQ6
1079:COQ5
1074:COQ4
1069:COQ3
1064:COQ2
920:and
857:SDHA
760:PMID
711:PMID
693:ISSN
658:link
640:OCLC
630:ISBN
609:link
591:OCLC
581:ISBN
547:PMID
529:ISSN
487:PMID
383:and
375:The
304:and
970:to
951:to
932:to
887:to
750:PMC
742:doi
701:PMC
685:doi
681:295
537:PMC
519:doi
477:doi
473:277
139:+ H
90:To
61:).
35:ἀνά
1156::
1059:10
1033:10
909:E3
907:,
905:E2
903:,
901:E1
807::
758:.
748:.
736:.
732:.
709:.
699:.
691:.
679:.
675:.
654:}}
650:{{
638:.
605:}}
601:{{
589:.
545:.
535:.
527:.
513:.
509:.
485:.
471:.
467:.
411:.
316:.
300:;
296:,
292:,
288:,
284::
262:.
251:NH
231:O
218:α-
208:.
1003:/
924:)
911:)
899:(
859:)
855:(
797:e
790:t
783:v
766:.
744::
738:2
717:.
687::
660:)
646:.
611:)
597:.
553:.
521::
515:9
493:.
479::
277:-
253:4
229:2
193:-
143:O
141:2
137:i
113:3
20:)
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