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647:. Many hummingbirds are territorial over a foraging area and will chase away and pursue intruders, such as the banded peacock. As a result, the banded peacock is in direct competition with this species, and it is a relationship in which the butterfly can only evade and cannot fight back to continue foraging in the area.
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Adult butterflies will emerge in the morning and will be ready to fly within one to two hours. The adults wings are dark brown above, with four or five red spots of varying sizes located on the basal portion of the hindwing. A bold light-colored median band runs across both the forewing and hindwing,
618:
When a male in the course of his flight activity sees a female banded peacock butterfly, he dives down to the other butterfly. If the female butterfly flies up, the male will chase after her for some distance. If the female does not fly up, the male will fly very close to the female and flutter his
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The genetic basis of the polymorphism between white and yellow band color is still unknown; however, studies have shown a difference in mate selection in different seasons. In the dry season, white-banded females attract both white and yellow males about twice as often as yellow-banded females. In
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From late morning until early afternoon, males perch on low vegetation and chase other male butterflies away from their territory. The males fly in a slow zig-zag pattern between 0.3 and 0.6 meters above ground to patrol the area around their territory and seek females. In this territory, the male
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within the same areas. However, no forms of social grouping are observed. These butterflies exhibit roosting behavior on the undersides of leaves in late evening, perching upside-down with wings closed. It is thought that the purpose of this behavior is to remain hidden from predators.
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will wander for about one day and then prepare a silk pupation platform several centimeters above the ground on the bottom of a leaf or twig. The pupal period will last between 6 and 8 days, after which the organism has transitioned to the adult butterfly phase.
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and make flights north to South Texas at all times of the year. There are some years, however, when colonies do not make the journey north. In Costa Rica, with the coming of the dry season, this species may migrate southeasterly along the
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The banded peacock is often the subject of predation by birds, lizards, frogs, spiders and other insects. This butterfly is often found with bird and lizard beak marks, resulting from close calls with predators.
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can be seen in the color of these markings as some individuals are white-banded and others yellow-banded. Males and females are similar, although females tend to have more diffusely edged pattern elements.
253:. Several hundred are laid by a single female within the span of a few days, with only a small percentage of the eggs surviving to adulthood. Eggs take five days to hatch and the larvae complete six
455:. Ovipositions lasted for 5–10 seconds each. Each time a female lands on a host plant, she quickly oviposits and takes off, landing again on the next host plant she encounters. Females have high
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and other flower nectars. Males arise earlier than females to begin their search for food and prepare their search for female mates. Females do not venture out until there is more sunlight.
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This butterfly is ubiquitous in the regions in inhabits. It suffers little consequence from predation and human factors. Its migratory patterns are not threatened by any causes.
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This butterfly prefers subtropical open areas and previously disturbed places, such as second-growth areas, from sea level to 1,500 meters. Its host plants of preference are
350:. The banded peacock exists in extensive tracts of forest in small populations along the banks of rivers. This suggests that individuals disperse across long distances.
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785:"Oviposition Behavior, Host Plant Use, and Diet Breadth of Anthanassa Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Using Plants in the Acanthaceae in a Costa Rican Community"
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591:. Although vertical stripes are usually a sign of chemically protected species, the banded peacock does not seem to gain any protection from its striped coloration.
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Primack, Richard B.; Howe, Henry F. (1975). "Interference
Competition Between a Hummingbird (Amazilia tzacatl) and Skipper Butterflies (Hesperiidae)".
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and other plants, the butterflies pollinate these plants by picking up and depositing pollen as they moved from flower to flower.
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683:"Neotropical Butterflies of the Genus Anartia: Systematics, Life Histories and General Biology (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)"
729:
Emmel, Thomas C. (1972). "Mate
Selection and Balanced Polymorphism in the Tropical Nymphalid Butterfly, Anartia fatima".
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and are primarily restricted to the species in a single family, Acanthaceae. Some common examples of its host plants are
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1129:
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899:"Effects of weight loading on flight performance and survival of palatable Neotropical Anartia fatima butterflies"
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wings above her for about thirty seconds. This is known as the approach behavior of the male. If the female is a
304:, its range generally begins in southern Texas and continues south through Mexico and all of Central America and
164:
52:
242:. These butterflies face interspecies competition for nectar with other butterflies and must also compete with
950:; Windsor, Donald M. (1980-08-01). "Disruptive Coloration in Butterflies: Lack of Support in Anartia fatima".
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The banded peacock is in direct competition for flower nectar with other butterfly species as well as with
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by curving it around his head and then walk up to the female in parallel orientation to initiate coupling.
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species. However, this butterfly is so ubiquitous that losses from predation do not endanger the species.
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The spherical eggs are approximately 1 mm in diameter. They hatch after approximately 5 days.
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Boyden, Thomas C. (1976). "Butterfly
Palatability and Mimicry: Experiments with Ameiva Lizards".
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in preparation for a lateral approach by the male. The male will then position his abdomen for
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Biodiversity
Conservation in Costa Rica: Learning the Lessons in a Seasonal Dry Forest
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Larvae feed on the host plant vegetation. In South Texas, there is a preference for
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as well as seven small spots near the apex and post-median area of the forewing.
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will search for mates and receive most of his nutritional requirements from
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are laid on leaf surfaces or between flower bracts on host plants, such as
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Frankie, Gordon W.; Mata, Alfonso; Vinson, S. Bradleigh (2004-02-06).
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and moist areas, such as near rivers. It spends much of its time in
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Silberglied, Robert E.; Aiello, Annette; Lamas, Gerardo (1979).
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and can lay several hundred eggs over the course of a few days.
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The eggs are laid in low-lying host plant leaves and flower
308:. It is ubiquitous throughout its range. In South America,
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the wet season, mate selection return to 1:1 proportions.
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Srygley, Robert B.; Kingsolver, Joel G. (2000-08-01).
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In the process of feeding on the flower nectar from
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541:Banded peacock butterflies have a relatively short
312:is no longer found and a closely related species,
514:After these stages are complete, a larva nearing
783:Feldman, Tracy S.; Haber, William A. (1998).
8:
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903:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
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225:, while adults primarily feed on flower
1337:Taxa named by Johan Christian Fabricius
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472:Sets of adults seek shelter, feed, and
300:has been recorded once as far north as
398:The adults feed on flower nectar from
1067:Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
206:. This butterfly prefers subtropical
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439:on the leaf surfaces of low-growing
830:. University of California Press.
571:Protective coloration and behavior
268:to predators. It is the victim of
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1352:Lepidoptera of the United States
587:studying warning coloration and
435:. Females have been observed to
190:. It is commonly found in south
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687:Psyche: A Journal of Entomology
1347:Butterflies of Central America
451:growing near small patches of
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1342:Butterflies described in 1793
354:Home range and territoriality
221:feed on plants in the family
972:10.1126/science.209.4456.617
246:, who will chase them away.
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595:Genetics of color patterns
639:Interspecific competition
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48:Scientific classification
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946:Silberglied, Robert E.;
789:The Florida Entomologist
609:Female/male interactions
498:The larvae go through 6
183:, is a butterfly in the
924:10.1006/bijl.1999.0429
377:Host plant preferences
264:This butterfly is not
1332:Lepidoptera of Mexico
318:, becomes prevalent.
448:Spermacoce assurgens
202:but most studied in
16:Species of butterfly
1065:at Markku Savela's
1023:1975Biotr...7...55P
964:1980Sci...209..617S
915:2000BJLS...70..707S
700:10.1155/1979/50172
575:Within the family
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1299:Open Tree of Life
1078:Taxon identifiers
958:(4456): 617–619.
238:. The species is
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1195:iNaturalist
585:experiments
577:Lepidoptera
550:coast from
442:Hydrocotyle
423:Oviposition
406:Pollination
223:Acanthaceae
214:woodlands.
188:Nymphalidae
115:Nymphalidae
105:Lepidoptera
1321:Categories
1011:Biotropica
659:References
633:copulation
556:Monteverde
552:Guanacaste
504:physiology
481:Life cycle
394:Adult diet
341:Dicliptera
328:herbaceous
204:Costa Rica
85:Arthropoda
980:0036-8075
933:0024-4066
853:Evolution
731:Evolution
709:0033-2615
537:Migration
457:fecundity
310:A. fatima
296:Although
286:arthropod
270:predation
165:Fabricius
133:Species:
71:Kingdom:
65:Eukaryota
1247:LepIndex
1213:10461731
1143:BugGuide
1119:BioLib:
1109:BAMONA:
1101:Q2845475
1095:Wikidata
996:12914798
988:17756845
881:28565037
759:28555770
614:Courting
543:lifespan
516:pupation
437:oviposit
412:Acanthus
400:Acanthus
337:Justicia
272:by many
259:pupation
232:Acanthus
208:climates
111:Family:
81:Phylum:
75:Animalia
61:Domain:
1327:Anartia
1187:5128005
1039:2989800
1019:Bibcode
960:Bibcode
952:Science
911:Bibcode
873:2407673
811:3495929
751:2406986
629:abdomen
589:mimicry
581:control
562:Enemies
548:Pacific
453:Blechum
433:Blechum
427:Single
383:Ruellia
361:flowers
347:Ruellia
333:Blechum
322:Habitat
240:diurnal
236:species
167:, 1793)
126:Anartia
121:Genus:
101:Order:
95:Insecta
91:Class:
1304:768058
1291:105239
1278:145889
1252:157965
1239:778045
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604:Mating
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494:Larvae
389:Adults
344:, and
306:Panama
302:Kansas
284:, and
278:lizard
255:instar
251:bracts
227:nectar
219:larvae
198:, and
196:Mexico
185:family
179:, the
1208:IRMNG
1200:54951
1135:21472
1035:JSTOR
992:S2CID
869:JSTOR
807:JSTOR
747:JSTOR
523:Adult
510:Pupae
266:toxic
229:from
192:Texas
1273:NCBI
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1260:MONA
1234:ITIS
1182:GBIF
1161:DGLP
1148:6471
1130:BOLD
984:PMID
976:ISSN
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877:PMID
832:ISBN
755:PMID
705:ISSN
486:Eggs
474:mate
445:and
429:eggs
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