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formulate his foreign policies and influencing his views. His ideas provided basis for many Soviet reformist policy positions in the late 1980s. Gorbachev called
Chernyaev "my alter ego." He accompanied Gorbachev to all his summits with Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush in 1986-1991, starting from the famous Reykjavik summit, where the Soviet and American leaders came close to abolishing nuclear weapons. In 1990, Chernyaev was closely involved in negotiations on German unification in a small group of advisers. In August 1991, he was with Gorbachev and his family when the Soviet leader was imprisoned at his summer residence in Foros by hard-line coup plotters led by Soviet KGB head Vladimir Kryuchkov and Defense Minister
236:, where he worked closely with Gorbachev and other former officials until his retirement in 2010. He edited and published volumes of declassified documents, including a set of Politburo notes taken by Gorbachev's aides during 1985-1990. He became a leading scholar and advocate of access to documents on the Gorbachev period in the post-Soviet Russia. Chernyaev remained a close associate of Mikhail Gorbachev until his death in 2017.
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In July 1941, after Hitler's attack on the Soviet Union, Chernyaev, barely 20, joined the Red Army as volunteer and was sent to the front. He was wounded, spent time in the hospital and returned to the front again. He finished his military service in May 1945 in Riga. After the war he graduated from
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In 1985 Chernyaev welcomed the accession of
Mikhail Gorbachev as new General Secretary of the Politburo of the CC CPSU, the top Soviet leader. In March 1986 he joined the reformers as top foreign policy aide to Gorbachev. Over the next six years, Chernyaev was the closest assistant helping Gorbachev
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in Prague. The journal became a center of free-thinking and internal dissent, which produced many of future
Gorbachev's advisers and allies. In Prague Chernyaev met and developed life-long relationships with leaders of European communist and socialist parties and influential Soviet thinkers such as
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Chernyaev was born in Moscow (Maryina
Roshcha) in 1921. For high school, he attended the Gorky Experimental School No. 1, which was a top elite high school in Moscow specializing in preparing Soviet intellectual elite mainly in humanitarian disciplines. After graduating high school, he was accepted
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in 1968 and thought of retiring from the
Central Committee, but decided to stay on hoping for a reform from within the system. In the 1970s he also worked as speechwriter for the Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev and his own boss Ponomarev. In 1972 he started writing an almost daily diary documenting
247:, which has published portions of them in English translation; according to the editor, "One can confidently say that every bold foreign policy initiative advanced by Gorbachev in the years 1985-1991 bears Chernyaev's mark on it."
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After fighting in World War II, Chernyaev studied history at Moscow State
University, History Faculty, and later taught contemporary history from 1950 to 1958. In 1961, he joined the International Department of the
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92:(May 25, 1921 – March 12, 2017) was a Russian politician and writer, member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the USSR, who became foreign-policy advisor to
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198:. His main focus was international communist movement, which gave him an opportunity to travel extensively in Europe and meet with many prominent leaders of the
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available from 1972 to the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. English translations of the original documents are available as pdf files.
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In 1958 Chernyaev joined the group of Soviet and international editors of the main publication of international communist movement
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Moscow
University with a doctorate in history and taught there in the Department of Contemporary History in 1950-1958.
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After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Chernyaev joined the non-governmental research institute and archive, the
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Members of the
Central Auditing Commission of the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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443:"The Reykjavik File: Previously Secret U.S. and Soviet Documents on the 1986 Reagan-Gorbachev Summit"
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the internal life and work of the highest Soviet political organs. He later donated his diary to the
492:В Политбюро ЦК КПСС: по записям Анатолия Черняева, Вадима Медведева, Георгия Шахназарова (1985-1991)
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Candidates of the
Central Committee of the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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Members of the
Central Committee of the 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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Anatoly S. Chernyaev, Моя жизнь и мое время (Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 1995)
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Russia and the Idea of the West: Gorbachev, Intellectuals and the End of the Cold War
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273:"Anatoly S. Chernyaev, Key Aide and Gorbachev's 'Alter Ego,' Dies at 95"
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In 2004, Chernyaev donated his diaries from the Gorbachev period to the
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Central Auditing Commission of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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as referent and later rose to deputy head of the department under
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Since then, the National Security Archive has made Chernyaev's
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Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
588:: Pamyati A.S. Chernyaeva (Moscow: Lyubimaya Rossiya, 2019)
372:(in Russian). Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. pp. 200–224.
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In 1961 Chernyaev left Prague and was invited to join the
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Anatoly Chernyaev, Izbrannoe (Moscow: Sobranie, 2011)
508:. Moscow: Lyubimaya Rossiya. 2019. pp. 151–163.
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to Moscow State University History Faculty in 1938.
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506:"My nazyvali ego grafom": Pamyati A.S. Chernyaeva
192:International Department of the Central Committee
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353:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
544:Svetlana Savranskaya, ed. (May 25, 2018).
519:Svetlana Savranskaya, ed. (May 25, 2006).
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387:. Columbia University Press. p. 71.
494:(in Russian). The Gorbachev Foundation.
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467:"The Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev, 1991"
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579:(Penn State University Press, 2000)
546:"Anatoly S. Chernyaev Diary, 1978"
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204:Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia
521:"The Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev"
299:"The Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev"
617:20th-century Russian historians
271:Shane, Scott (March 23, 2017).
202:. Chernyaev was shocked by the
166:Problems of Peace and Socialism
16:Soviet historian and politician
431:. Penn State University Press.
325:. Mezhdunarodnȳe otnosheniya.
138:Anatoli Gawrilowitsch Kowaljow
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414:Gorbachev: His Life and Times
113:President of the Soviet Union
297:Svetlana Savranskaya (ed.).
245:George Washington University
90:Anatoly Sergeevich Chernyaev
42:Anatoly Sergeevich Chernyaev
577:My Six Years with Gorbachev
490:Chernyaev, Anatoly (2008).
429:My Six Years with Gorbachev
427:Chernyaev, Anatoly (2000).
368:Chernyaev, Anatoly (1995).
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319:S., Chernyaev, A. (1995).
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525:National Security Archive
412:Taubman, William (2017).
306:National Security Archive
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586:"My nazyvali ego grafom"
383:English, Robert (2000).
370:Moya Zhizn' i Moe Vremya
622:Politicians from Moscow
399:"Chernyaev Diary, 1983"
322:Моыа жизнь и моё времыа
136:Anatoly Chernyaev with
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575:Anatoly S. Chernyaev
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234:Gorbachev Foundation
182:and Karen Brutents.
23:Anatoly S. Chernyaev
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471:nsarchive2.gwu.edu
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215:Perestroika
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80:Nationality
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596:Categories
555:2013-06-10
530:2013-06-10
476:2023-06-13
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258:References
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