613:. The Soviets believed that Ozols would be able to furnish information about German troop movements, so Ozols was reactivated by Sukolov in July 1943, by speaking a pre-arranged word. Ozols hadn't been active since July 1941 and wasn't informed that Gurevich was working for the Germans. Gurevich ordered Ozols to reassemble his network with the remnants of his old network and recruit new members where needed. By December 1943, Ozols had made contact with Paul Legendre, a reserve caption who was chief of the Mithridate network that was located in the Marseilles region. Consequently, the Mithridate network was under the command of the German Army. Amongst the agents that Legendre recruited were
383:, who at the time was head of the Soviet intelligence network in Belgium. Trepper planned to teach the operation of the Foreign Excellent Raincoat Company to Gurevich. To make contacts in different strata of society, Gurevich started to familiarize himself with Belgium society and studied the country to enable the collection of economic knowledge. Gurevich took part in ballroom dancing and riding lessons and as he travelled between luxury hotels, mail bearing the stamps of Uruguay awaited his arrival. To improve his language skills in French, English and German, Gurevich enrolled at the
1927:
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547:. Although he showed a readiness to work for the Germans there was still a great distrust of Gurevich amongst his interrogators. However, Gurevich was continually brought into the office of the Gestapo for further interrogation, where over several days he managed to convince them that he was genuine. Gurevich laid out a plan to the Gestapo to get back in touch with the Russian intelligence service and enable
589:. During the playback operation, the Gestapo found that Gurevich was both praised and criticised by Soviet intelligence but although he was requested to provide military intelligence about the Wehrmacht, the Gestapo found it impossible to supply even the most innocuous material. By March 1943, Gurevich was effectively part of the Sonderkommando Rote Kapelle, the RSHA counter-intelligence unit.
430:(CPN), as a contact to the CPN to build his network and to request assistance. Gurevich asked that a temporary wireless telegraphy link be established for his use and this was provided by Goulooze and used until January 1940. In July 1940, Gurevich again visited Goulooze to request the reserve code that he had received from Soviet intelligence the year before.
478:, it was a joint-stock company to be used as a cover for espionage work and was established by March 1941. The firm was established as a genuine business and was even granted telephone and fax facilities by the German authorities providing a regular and privileged way to enable Trepper and Gurevich to communicate.
457:
building and one floor above Barcza. At the time, Gurevich was still posing as
Uruguayan Vincent Sierra and over several weeks they formed a relationship and eventually became lovers, becoming inseparable which eventually impacted Gurevich's espionage work. In Treppers view, Barcza was a bad influence on Gurevich.
352:. Gurevich was ordered to re-establish Shulze-Boysen as an intelligence source and arrange a courier service. Sukolov was given the telephone number of Schulze-Boysen and been ordered to phone him and arrange a meeting somewhere in the city. He was not to meet him at his home, however. When Gurevich phoned,
746:
By 1991, Gurevich was fully exonerated and released. It was established that
Gurevich had been imprisoned because he had married his mistress, Margarete (or Marguerite) Barcza, without the permission of Russian intelligence. The accusation by Red Army Intelligence was that Gurevich had abandoned his
501:
In the summer of 1942, Trepper evolved a plan to get Barcza to
Switzerland and live out the rest of the war but it was rejected by Gurevich. At the same time, Gurevich was increasingly finding himself in arguments with Trepper. By that point, he was no longer part of the Soviet espionage network, was
542:
Gurevich told the
Germans that he had not been active as a professional agent for some time and had tried to create a new life for himself and Margaret Barcza in Marseilles. He stated that he knew before his arrest that he was being surveilled at his Marseilles address and the reason that he had not
418:
Gurevich's original instructions were to establish an espionage network in
Copenhagen, but in the months leading up to the war, Trepper's plans changed with Sukolov having to be introduced into the Belgian network gradually. He eventually ended up working as an assistant to Trepper and performed the
347:
On 15 April 1938, Gurevich was ordered by the Soviet Main
Intelligence Directorate to travel to France to commence his work as an agent. Disguised as a Mexican tourist, he travelled through Finland, Sweden, Norway and the Netherlands, before finally arriving in France. In Paris, Gurevich changed his
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and the subsequent retreat of German forced in autumn 1944, the
Sonderkommando Rote Kapelle of the RSHA was reduced in strength. Pannwitz took over the running of the Sonderkommando. On 16 August 1944 Pannwitz took Gurevich and Barcza away from Paris when the Sonderkommando was forced to withdraw.
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to continue the playback operation. After Barcza gave birth to
Gurevich's son in November 1944, Gurevich and Barcza were forced to separate by Pannwitz. Gurevich was sent to Berlin to receive orders on whether to continue the playbacks with Pannwitz and this was the last time that Barcza saw him.
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as it was known in
Germany was the transmission of controlled information over a captured agent's radio so that the agent's parent service had no knowledge that the agent had turned. Although Gurevich decided to cooperate on playbacks he refused to name any agents he had recruited. To initiate the
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in
Brussels and Trepper happened to be in Brussels at the time, found out and warned Gurevich of the arrest. Gurevich's first concern was to arrange for Barcza to leave Belgium for France to ensure she was safe. Gurevich arranged travel documents with Rajchmann. Barcza and her son Rene arrived in
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told him they had died in a concentration camp during a bombing raid. In fact, for a number of years after the war ended, Barcza had searched for Gurevich. On 29 November 1990, Gurevich learned that Barcza had survived the camp and died in 1985, and that his son was alive and living in Spain. In
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Initially, the Germans used the Mithridate network to manipulate the French resistance but in spring 1944, Pannwitz decided to use the network to communicate to Gestapo agents who were working behind enemy lines and use Gurevich as a proxy to pass information between the network and the Gestapo.
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by N G Smirnov. Although he was industrious, he was generally disliked for a number of reasons, which included being arrogant, and was considered a bit of a bluffer who was known for his socialising and profligate spending which included owning 40 luxury suits in his large apartment in Avenue AJ
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in France where he began the playback operation. However, he took up so much time enciphering and deciphering the messages that he was moved back to the house on Rue des Saussaies in Paris, where he was given a cell next to Trepper. The ciphering undertaken by Gurevich was checked at first by
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as a courier and housekeeper, and Isidor Springer, who worked as a courier between Gurevich and Trepper and as a recruiter. Gurevich reorganised the network and from that point only referred to Trepper on points of policy. When the Raincoat Company was sequestered by German soldiers during the
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In May 1940, Gurevich met Margarete (or Marguerite) "Greta" Barcza, the daughter of a Czech millionaire. During the invasion of Belgium when Brussels was being heavily bombed, Barcza met Gurevich while cowering in the cellars at 106 Avenue Émile de Beco in Brussels. Gurevich lived in the same
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In July 1940, when Trepper had to move to France to flee the German advance and start a new French network, he turned the Belgian network over to Gurevich. Gurevich, operating from a safehouse located at 101 Rue des Atrébates in Brussels, used Makarov as his wireless radio operator,
489:, a Polish career criminal and forger, to join Gurevich In October 1941, among other assignments, Gurevich was ordered to contact the Harnack/Schulze-Boysen group to restore the connection between the Main Intelligence Directorate and the group. He was ordered to visit
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defeatist in his outlook and started to offer reasons why he was no longer using his transmitter. Trepper eventually had to call in two radio specialists to check the radio and found it in perfect working order. In January 1942, Trepper ordered Gurevich to travel to
1681:
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He worked in general work in the PGS camp, and then in the planning and production department (PPCh) of this camp, the camp at mine No. 18 and as a senior economist at PPCh at the 8th mine in Vorkutlag, later in Rechlag as an economist in the camp
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France in late December 1941. Gurevich himself hid in the house of Nazarin Drailly, an agent of the Gurevich group, to evade the Gestapo, while Gurevich made arrangements to transfer ownership of the Simexco espionage organisation to Drailly.
33:
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By early 1943, Red Army intelligence had little doubt that Gurevich had been arrested and was now a double agent. Surprisingly, on 14 March 1943, during the playback, Gurevich received a message that detailed a former Latvian general
1954:
419:
normal bureaucratic operations of an espionage network as a cypher clerk, deciphering instructions from Soviet intelligence, preparing reports from information forwarded from a contact in the Soviet Trade Representation of Belgium.
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on 7 June 1945, Gurevich, along with Pannwitz and Gurevich's secretary Emma Kemp, flew to Moscow. Gurevich took along a package of documents that constituted the archives that the Gestapo had compiled on the Red Orchestra.
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in Paris. As a result of his successes with Ozols, Sukolov made increasing demands on the Germans. One of these was to send Greta Barcza's son to a school in Paris and the Sonderkommando to pay the school fees.
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but it is not known how a reply was sent by the Soviets. Once he made contact with Red Army intelligence, the strict discipline under which he was held was relaxed and he was allowed visits by his wife Margaret.
695:. Gurevich and Pannwitz were taken to Paris for interrogation. Sukolov told the interrogators that he was an officer in the Russian Intelligence Service. On a flight organised by Colonel Novikov of the
633:
Gurevich continued to act as a proxy to Ozols and the Mithridate network until the summer of 1944. Around the same time Gurevich moved from Neuilly-sur-Seine into Pannwitz's villa, located close to the
739:, he was transferred to a punishment camp for 3 months (the reasons for the punishment are unclear, since, according to Gurevich, he did not take an active part in the rebel). He was transferred to
394:. His colleagues in Brussels had no idea where the code name has come from, in fact it was the name of fictional British agent character in a book that Gurevich had read when he was a boy called
493:
that was the groups' radio operator but was unable to repair the radio. On 13 December 1941, the Gestapo arrested Gurevich's WT operator Anton Danilov in an apartment at 101 rue des Attrebates,
1940:
348:
passport from a Mexican tourist into a Uruguayan passport. In the same month, he carried out his first operation when he was instructed to travel to Berlin to contact the Luftwaffe officer
743:
No. 5 (at mine No. 40) from there, where he worked at the research permafrost station (VNIMS) of the Institute of Permafrost Science of the USSR Academy of Sciences since November 1953.
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Gestapo officer Waldemar Lentz and then later by Hans Kurfess. The book that Gurevich used to cipher his messages was believed to be French novel containing stories about Corsica called
2524:
448:
agent to deliver $ 3000 to finance the Swiss network. During this period, Gurevich was passing intelligence from Schulze-Boysen through his WT station in Brussels.
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356:, the wife of Harro Schulze-Boysen answered. They met on the platform of an underground station, later moving to a cafe where Schulze-Boysen joined them later.
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711:, who ransacked the records of the interrogations that Gurevich had reported. In January 1947, Gurevich was sentenced to 20 years jail for treason, under
1947:
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by the French police. Gurevich was handed over to German Police and then on the order of the person who was head of the Gestapo in France,
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131:
104:
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819:[History The "oldest spy of Russia" is dead]. Mediengruppe Mitteldeutsche Zeitung GmbH. Mitteldeutsche Zeitung. 4 January 2009
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who was a Red Army intelligence agent. Ozols was a principal-agent in Gurevich's network and together were successful in penetrating
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In 1933, he enrolled at the Leningrad Institute of Railway Transport where he displayed proficiency for learning languages and
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307:. He learnt German, French, and English there. On 1 September 1935, he was appointed to a course for training people at the
816:
712:
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1413:
Tuchel, Johannes (1988). "Weltanschauliche Motivationen in Der Harnack/Schulze-Boysen-Organisation: (Rote Kapelle)".
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which ended on 14 May 1940, Gurevich anticipated no difficulties in travelling incognito as an Uruguayan student.
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434:
210:
327:. In Autumn 1938, Gurevich returned to Moscow. In 1939, he underwent training in the intelligence school of the
1868:Зигзаги судьбы : Из жизни советского военнопленного и советского зэка. — М., 2005. — С. 225—447
1838:
The Rote Kapelle: the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936-1945
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The Rote Kapelle: the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936-1945
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The Rote Kapelle: the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936-1945
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The Rote Kapelle: the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936-1945
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The Rote Kapelle: the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936-1945
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The Rote Kapelle: the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936-1945
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The Rote Kapelle: the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936-1945
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The Rote Kapelle: the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936-1945
1178:
The Rote Kapelle: the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936-1945
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The Rote Kapelle: the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936-1945
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The Rote Kapelle: the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936-1945
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The Rote Kapelle: the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936-1945
1008:
The Rote Kapelle: the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936-1945
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The Rote Kapelle: the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936-1945
892:
The Rote Kapelle: the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936-1945
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on 17 May 1940 as Grossvogel was Jewish, Gurevich started work to create a replacement organisation. Known as
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Gurevich continued his playbacks under the leadership of Pannwitz and a station was established somewhere in
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playback, it is believed Gurevich sent a letter to the Red Army intelligence via the Soviet consulate in
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in France. He was the second leading Soviet agent in Europe during the war years. Upon his return to the
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2004:
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in Paris. Trepper joined them at the apartment. They were allowed to walk about Paris without a guard.
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On 9 November 1942, Gurevich was arrested with Margaret in his apartment at 75 Rue Abbé de l'Épée in
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2014:
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and his permanent address was Calle Colon 9, Montevideo. On 17 July 1939, Sukolov made contact with
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after becoming thoroughly influenced by western living, which had led to his supposed defection.
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began, Gurevich volunteered to help. Along with a large group he travelled to Spain and arrived at
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197:; 7 November 1913 – 2 January 2009) was a Soviet intelligence officer. He was an officer in the
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264:. Gurevich ran one of the seven groups of networks, located in Belgium that were controlled by
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In July 1943 Gurevich and Margaret were moved to a new apartment at 40 Boulevard Victor Hugo,
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Between March and April 1940, Gurevich made a three-week business trip to Switzerland to meet
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to assist Makarov with radio transmissions. In September or October 1941, Trepper ordered
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Organisational diagram of the Sukolov Group in Belgium between July 1940 and December 1941
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on 17 April 1936. The passport gave the holders date and place of birth as 3 July 1911 in
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on 30 December 1937. He was appointed as an adjunct translator on submarine C-4 of the
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292:. From 1929 to 1933, he was a member of the paramilitary sports organisation called
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Gurevich had a number of aliases that he used to disguise his identity, including
209:) in Soviet intelligence parlance. Gurevich was a central figure in the anti-Nazi
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1989:
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779:) was released in 1996. Hans Coppi Junior filmed a documentary about Gurevich.
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679:. On 3 May 1945, he was captured by French forces in a hut on a mountain near
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707:. Gurevich was accused of high treason. He was questioned for a long time by
870:. Редакция «Российской газеты. Российской газеты. 5 November 2004. Week 3622
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748:
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1587:"Victor SOKOLOV, aliases SUKOLOFF, Fritz KENT, Arthur BARCZA, Simon URWITH"
359:
In July 1939, Gurevich, posing as the wealthy Vincente Sierra, arrived in
1646:
Fridrikh Igorevich Firsov; Harvey Klehr; John Earl Haynes (27 May 2014).
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He also used a number of code names for radio communications, including
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659:. They continued the playbacks from various locations until May 1945.
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Verlorenes Leben - Hans Coppi und der letzte Agent der Roten Kapelle (
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214:
1900:
Verlorenes Leben - Hans Coppi und der letzte Agent der roten Kapelle
1682:"First detailed interrogation of Lentz, Waldermar and Kurfess, Hans"
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and considered both himself and his immediate colleagues including
1392:. Washington DC: University Publications of America. p. 338.
1365:. Washington DC: University Publications of America. p. 270.
1307:. Washington DC: University Publications of America. p. 359.
666:
618:
565:
380:
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522:, was fetched by a truck from Marseilles and taken to a house in
1884:Разведка — это не игра. Мемуары советского резидента Кента.
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Gurevich lost trace of Barcza and their young son, Michael. The
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Organisational diagram of members of the Sukolov espionage group
93:
1936:
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and spent 15 years in detention and was rehabilitated in 1990.
1841:. Washington DC: University Publications of America. pp.
1727:. Washington DC: University Publications of America. pp.
1083:. Washington DC: University Publications of America. pp.
777:
Lost life - Hans Coppi and the last agent of the Red Orchestra
771:
The following films were made where Gurevich was a character.
1520:. Washington DC: University Publications of America. p.
1451:. Washington DC: University Publications of America. p.
1334:. Washington DC: University Publications of America. p.
1181:. Washington DC: University Publications of America. p.
1150:. Washington DC: University Publications of America. p.
1119:. Washington DC: University Publications of America. p.
1011:. Washington DC: University Publications of America. p.
926:. Washington DC: University Publications of America. p.
895:. Washington DC: University Publications of America. p.
655:
In April 1945, Gurevich and Pannwitz were seen close to
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In Moscow, they were all arrested and locked up in the
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fled was that no longer considered himself part of the
959:
Stalin's Agent: The Life and Death of Alexander Orlov
735:) No. 3 (SHU-2: mines No. 12, 14 and 16). After the
759:
February 1991, Gurevich met his son and grandson in
731:) at mine No. 40 (until August 1951), in camp unit (
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1795:Historical Dictionary of World War II Intelligence
1482:
1243:
1210:
1042:
817:"Geschichte Der "älteste Spion Russlands" ist tot"
2097:Anatoly Gurevich group (July 1940-December 1941)
1476:
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951:
949:
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530:in Belgium then taken to be interrogated by the
300:and later took a communication operator course.
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1032:
2394:Emanuel-Anatole-Raphaël Chaptal de Chanteloup
1948:
1108:
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8:
1615:Historical Dictionary of German Intelligence
506:and establish a new branch office of Simex.
2131:Jeffremov group (September 1939 - May 1942)
1581:
1579:
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399:Sleggers. Trepper viewed both Gurevich and
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1941:
1933:
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284:Gurevich was born into a Jewish family in
103:Leningrad Institute of Railway Transport,
31:
20:
1973:Trepper group (December 1938 - July 1940)
1649:Secret Cables of the Comintern, 1933-1943
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
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836:
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572:On 4 January 1943, Gurevich was returned
555:, the British term or the American term,
415:Sukolov had never been tested in battle.
2182:Jeffremov group (May 1942 - August 1942)
962:. Oxford University Press. p. 232.
551:to commence which the Gestapo accepted.
534:(RSHA) in Prince Albertstrasse, Berlin.
2525:World War II spies for the Soviet Union
808:
675:In April 1945, Gurevich was located in
581:possibly a book by the French novelist
526:in Paris. He was subsequently moved to
1770:
1652:. Yale University Press. p. 289.
1282:. 17 October 1947. p. 5. KV 3/349
585:who wrote a number of novellas set in
390:Gurevich's cryptonym or code name was
288:. Both his father and his mother were
1489:. New York: Schocken Books. pp.
1049:. New York: Schocken Books. pp.
1000:
998:
996:
994:
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7:
2540:Participants in the Vorkuta uprising
1612:Jefferson Adams (1 September 2009).
1250:. New York: Schocken Books. p.
1217:. New York: Schocken Books. p.
723:from January 1948 to October 1955.
272:in 1945, Gurevich was sentenced for
2530:Communists in the German Resistance
794:played Gurevich under the codename
296:. After that, he was a part of the
1680:Shergold, H.T. (11 October 1945).
428:Communist Party of the Netherlands
422:In October 1939, Gurevich visited
201:operating as "разведчик-нелегал" (
14:
1798:. Scarecrow Press. p. 102.
1618:. Scarecrow Press. p. 123.
1792:Nigel West (12 November 2007).
1835:Kesaris, Paul. L, ed. (1979).
1721:Kesaris, Paul. L, ed. (1979).
1514:Kesaris, Paul. L, ed. (1979).
1445:Kesaris, Paul. L, ed. (1979).
1386:Kesaris, Paul. L, ed. (1979).
1359:Kesaris, Paul. L, ed. (1979).
1328:Kesaris, Paul. L, ed. (1979).
1301:Kesaris, Paul. L, ed. (1979).
1276:"The case of the Rote Kapelle"
1175:Kesaris, Paul. L, ed. (1979).
1144:Kesaris, Paul. L, ed. (1979).
1113:Kesaris, Paul. L, ed. (1979).
1074:Kesaris, Paul. L, ed. (1979).
1005:Kesaris, Paul. L, ed. (1979).
920:Kesaris, Paul. L, ed. (1979).
889:Kesaris, Paul. L, ed. (1979).
1:
329:Main Intelligence Directorate
132:Main Intelligence Directorate
868:"Правда о "Красной капелле""
37:Anatoly Gurevich in old age.
2535:Soviet Jews in the military
2342:Maurice Èmile Aenis-Hanslin
481:In June 1941, Trepper sent
435:invasion of the Netherlands
385:Free University of Brussels
2556:
1757:The National Archives, Kew
1591:The National Archives, Kew
532:Reich Security Main Office
187:Anatoly Markovich Gurevich
25:Anatoly Markovich Gurevich
2515:Red Orchestra (espionage)
1481:Perrault, Gilles (1969).
1415:Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte
1242:Perrault, Gilles (1969).
1209:Perrault, Gilles (1969).
1041:Perrault, Gilles (1969).
956:Boris Volodarsky (2015).
195:Анатолий Маркович Гуревич
194:
180:
119:
30:
1777:: CS1 maint: location (
715:, and was imprisoned in
367:that had been issued in
311:travel agency. When the
1882:Гуревич А. М.
1866:Астахов П. П.
697:Soviet Military Mission
354:Libertas Schulze-Boysen
325:Spanish Republican Navy
321:Second Spanish Republic
2219:Elizabeth Depelsenaire
2173:Elizabeth Depelsenaire
790:was released in 1989.
672:
426:, the director of the
363:while travelling on a
344:
1963:People of the Soviet
1280:The National Archives
670:
472:invasion into Belgium
465:as his cipher clerk,
342:
2189:Konstantin Jeffremov
2138:Konstantin Jeffremov
2020:Konstantin Jeffremov
350:Harro Schulze-Boysen
782:L'orchestre Rouge (
107:intelligence school
2361:Basile Maximovitch
2327:Germaine Schneider
2322:Ernest David Weiss
2272:Josephine Verhimst
2257:John William Kruyt
2254:Edward VanderZypen
2234:Germaine Schneider
2153:Germaine Schneider
2045:Basile Maximovitch
673:
365:Uruguayan passport
345:
203:razvedchik-nelegal
138:Service years
121:Espionage activity
115:Intelligence agent
83:Russian Federation
2492:
2491:
2409:Simex and Simexco
2398:Johnann Podsiadlo
2199:Abraham Rajchmann
2025:Abraham Rajchmann
1917:L'orchestre rouge
1805:978-0-8108-6421-4
1659:978-0-300-19822-5
1625:978-0-8108-6320-0
1485:The Red Orchestra
1246:The Red Orchestra
1213:The Red Orchestra
1094:978-0-89093-203-2
1045:The Red Orchestra
969:978-0-19-965658-5
784:The Red Orchestra
644:Normandy landings
617:and the Mayor of
615:Maurice Viollette
611:French Resistance
594:Neuilly-sur-Seine
524:Rue des Saussaies
487:Abraham Rajchmann
313:Spanish Civil War
184:
183:
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2385:Anna Maximovitch
2248:Hermann Isbutzki
2104:Anatoly Gurevich
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2314:Medardo Griotto
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2244:Otto Schumacher
2229:Franz Schneider
2224:Anton Winterink
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2158:Anton Winterink
2148:Franz Schneider
2126:
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2092:
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2054:Joseph Blumsack
2050:Medardo Griotto
2005:Mikhail Makarov
1985:Leon Grossvogel
1980:Leopold Trepper
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2263:Jeanne Otten
2214:Jeanne Otten
2114:Rita Arnould
2103:
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2075:Claude Spaak
1994:
1965:Rote Kapelle
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1811:18 September
1809:. Retrieved
1794:
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1761:. Retrieved
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1693:. Retrieved
1689:Google Drive
1688:
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1663:. Retrieved
1648:
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1629:. Retrieved
1614:
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767:Filmography
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331:in Moscow.
305:translation
298:air defence
294:OSOAVIAKHIM
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