146:
281:
with ultrasound, particularly if the angiomyolipoma is near the surface of the kidney (grade III). CT is very detailed and fast, and allows accurate measurement. However, it exposes the patient to radiation and the dangers that a contrast dye used to aid the scanning may itself harm the kidneys. MRI is safer than CT, but many patients (particularly those with the learning difficulties or behavioural problems found in tuberous sclerosis) require sedation or general anaesthesia, and the scan cannot be performed quickly. Some other kidney tumours contain fat, so the presence of fat is not diagnostic. Distinguishing a fat-poor angiomyolipoma from a
157:
419:
71:
134:
43:
196:
403:) cause few problems, but angiomyolipomas have been known to grow as rapidly as 4 cm in one year. Angiomyolipomas larger than 5 cm and those containing an aneurysm pose a significant risk of rupture, which is a medical emergency, as it is potentially life-threatening. One population study found the cumulative risk of hemorrhage to be 10% in males and 20% in females.
323:
possible is vital when removing any lesion. Large angiomyolipomas are treated by embolization, which reduces the risk of hemorrhage and can also shrink the lesion. A side effect of this treatment is postembolisation syndrome, severe pain and fever, but this is easily managed and lasts only a few days.
438:
found 80% will have some form of renal lesion by around 10 years of age. Of these, 75% are angiomyolipomas and 17% are cysts. The angiomyolipomas increased in size in around 60% of these children. An autopsy study and TSC clinic survey found a prevalence of 67 and 85%, respectively, for patients with
361:
Patients with kidney loss should be monitored for hypertension (and treated for it if discovered) and avoid nephrotoxic drugs such as certain pain relievers and intravenous contrast agents. Such patients who are unable to communicate effectively (due to age or intellectual disability) are at risk of
260:
Angiomyolipomas are typically found in the kidney, but have also been commonly found in the liver and less commonly the ovary, fallopian tube, spermatic cord, palate, and colon. The
Maclean imaging classification system for renal angiomyolipomas is based on the location of the angiomyolipoma within
280:
Three methods of scanning can detect angiomyolipomas: ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ultrasound is standard and is particularly sensitive to the fat in angiomyolipomas, but less so to the solid components. However, accurate measurements are hard to make
322:
In tuberous sclerosis, typically, many angiomyolipomas affect each kidney. Not uncommonly, more than one intervention may be required during lifetime. Since kidney function may already be impaired (up to half the kidney may be lost before function loss is detectable), preserving as much kidney as
386:
every three or four years has been suggested for angiomyolipoma-like masses measuring less than 2 cm. For those measuring 2 to 4 cm, annual ultrasonography is recommended. Those over 4 cm are usually surgically removed, but for those that are not, it is recommended to perform an
318:
People with tuberous sclerosis are advised to have yearly renal scans, though patients with very stable lesions could be monitored less frequently. The research in this area is lacking. Even if no angiomyolipoma is found, one can develop at any life stage. The angiomyolipoma can grow rapidly.
369:
Robotic assisted partial nephrectomy has been proposed as a surgical treatment of a ruptured angiomyolipoma combining the advantages both of a kidney preservation procedure and the benefits of a minimal invasive procedure without compromising the safety of the patient.
296:
complex (TSC), especially those who aged 18 to 40 years, and those with bilateral angiomyolipomas. Those with AML and TSC has 20 to 50% chance of having haemorrhage from AML, and of those having haemorrhages, 20% of them have life-threatening haemorrhages.
559:
Bissler JJ, Henske EP. Renal
Manifestations of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. In: Kwiatkowski DJ, Wiittlemore DJ, Thiele EA, editors. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Genes, Clinical Features and Therapeutics. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH; 2010. p. 321–325.
1010:
995:
430:
Angiomyolipomas are the most common benign tumour of the kidney, and are found either in patients with tuberous sclerosis or sporadically. About 80–90% of cases are sporadic, and these are most commonly found in middle-aged women.
349:
are used. The destroyed kidney tissue often causes postembolisation syndrome, which manifests as nausea, vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain, and lasts a few days. Embolisation (in general) has an 8% rate of
179:. This can cause pain in the back, nausea and vomiting. Some long-term effects are anemia, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Up to 20% of patients who present symptoms, and are brought into the
830:"Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage (Wunderlich Syndrome) due to Large Upper Pole Renal Angiomyolipoma: Does Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy Have a Role in Primary Treatment?"
308:
is US Food and Drug
Administration-approved for the treatment of angiomyolipomas. Treatment should be considered for asymptomatic, growing AMLs measuring larger than 3 cm in diameter.
106:. Angiomyolipomas are less commonly found in the liver and rarely in other organs. Whether associated with these diseases or sporadic, angiomyolipomas are caused by mutations in either the
1094:
1627:
406:
A second problem occurs when the renal angiomyolipomas take over so much kidney that the function is impaired, leading to chronic kidney disease. This may be severe enough to require
175:
Most people with benign angiomyolipomas do not show signs or have symptoms. However, symptoms can occur if the dilated blood vessels in an angiomyolipoma rupture; this is called a
1025:
1647:
152:
of a person with tuberous sclerosis and multiple angiomyolipomas in the kidney: Measurement of kidney length on the US image is illustrated by '+' and a dashed line.
879:
Doshi AM, Ayoola A, Rosenkrantz AB (August 2017). "Do
Incidental Hyperechoic Renal Lesions Measuring Up to 1 cm Warrant Further Imaging? Outcomes of 161 Lesions".
125:. Drug therapy for angiomyolipomas is at the research stage. The Tuberous Sclerosis Alliance has published guidelines on diagnosis, surveillance, and management.
1087:
1770:
581:
1080:
102:, in which most individuals have several angiomyolipomas affecting both kidneys. They are also commonly found in women with the rare lung disease
914:
Maclean DF, Sultana R, Radwan R, McKnight L, Khastgir J (August 2014). "Is the follow-up of small renal angiomyolipomas a necessary precaution?".
727:"Enhancing disease awareness for tuberous sclerosis complex in patients with radiologic diagnosis of renal angiomyolipoma: an observational study"
461:"Tuberous sclerosis complex diagnostic criteria update: recommendations of the 2012 International Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Conference"
326:
A ruptured aneurysm in an angiomyolipoma leads to blood loss that must be stopped (though embolisation) and compensated for (through intravenous
650:"The differential imaging features of fat-containing tumors in the peritoneal cavity and retroperitoneum: the radiologic-pathologic correlation"
199:
Myoid cells with clear cytoplasm spinning off of large vessels in a background of mature fat, the classic microscopic features of angiomyolipoma
145:
311:
Angiomyolipomas do not normally require surgery unless life-threatening bleeding is present. Some centers may perform preventative selective
1983:
1448:
1295:
1133:
781:"Transcatheter arterial embolization in patients with kidney diseases: an overview of the technical aspects and clinical indications"
1210:
565:
1843:
1763:
1699:
2014:
1467:
1178:
156:
1243:
1225:
118:
genes, which govern cell growth and proliferation. They are composed of blood vessels, smooth muscle cells, and fat cells.
2009:
1341:
1248:
418:
1642:
1632:
1353:
264:
Since all three components of an angiomyolipoma (vascular cells, immature smooth muscle cells, and fat cells) contain a
334:) is strongly discouraged, though may occur if the emergency department is not knowledgeable about tuberous sclerosis.
1952:
1924:
1756:
1290:
289:
compared to in-phase. Thus, a lesion growing at greater than 5 mm per year may warrant a biopsy for diagnosis.
1879:
1570:
1148:
596:"Renal angiomyolipoma: a radiological classification and update on recent developments in diagnosis and management"
379:
176:
2004:
1874:
1694:
1582:
1363:
1233:
1033:
423:
285:(RCC) can be difficult. Both minimal fat AMLs and 80% of the clear-cell type of RCCs display signal drop on an
103:
1679:
1957:
1929:
1884:
1661:
1419:
1263:
1205:
1157:
1497:
1348:
1305:
1300:
698:
363:
88:
383:
235:
149:
138:
725:
Bausch K, Wetterauer C, Diethelm J, Ebbing J, Boll DT, Dill P, Rentsch CA, Seifert HH (January 2021).
133:
1838:
1810:
1684:
1529:
1253:
1183:
282:
180:
226:(benign tumours consisting of normal cells in the wrong location). PEComas are themselves a kind of
1858:
1674:
1600:
1482:
1282:
1258:
1220:
1215:
1128:
1014:
222:(benign tumours consisting of cells in their correct location, but forming a disorganised mass) or
184:
70:
51:
1934:
1637:
1612:
1575:
1472:
1441:
1405:
1238:
435:
342:
293:
265:
250:
227:
99:
315:
of the angiomyolipoma if it is more than 4 cm in diameter, due to the risk of hemorrhage.
1906:
1737:
1709:
1617:
1477:
1268:
1103:
1044:
931:
896:
861:
810:
758:
679:
625:
561:
490:
410:. A population survey of patients with TSC and normal intelligence found 1% were on dialysis.
327:
231:
59:
42:
1072:
1815:
1748:
1566:
1462:
1400:
1336:
923:
888:
851:
841:
800:
792:
748:
738:
669:
661:
615:
607:
480:
472:
239:
218:, from the initials of perivascular epithelioid cell. Older literature may classify them as
211:
207:
168:
345:, typically by injecting ethanol or inert particles. The procedure can be very painful, so
1944:
1898:
1853:
1553:
1381:
955:
407:
269:
1833:
1689:
509:
476:
1962:
1916:
1787:
1783:
1714:
1704:
1622:
1607:
1542:
1391:
1371:
856:
829:
828:
Ploumidis A, Katafigiotis I, Thanou M, Bodozoglou N, Athanasiou L, Ploumidis A (2013).
805:
780:
753:
726:
674:
649:
620:
595:
485:
460:
355:
1019:
195:
1998:
1795:
246:
1732:
1376:
1278:
1197:
1170:
1138:
396:
312:
286:
164:
122:
779:
Loffroy R, Rao P, Kwak BK, Ota S, De Lin M, Liapi E, Geschwind JF (May–Jun 2010).
137:
Angiomyolipoma seen as a hyperechoic mass in the upper pole of an adult kidney on
1038:
1825:
1724:
1562:
1436:
1431:
1331:
1107:
514:
331:
1049:
927:
743:
17:
1669:
1518:
1004:
796:
665:
611:
305:
292:
Incidental discovery of angiomyolipomas (AML) should trigger consideration of
223:
219:
1595:
1538:
1487:
1055:
594:
Jinzaki M, Silverman SG, Akita H, Nagashima Y, Mikami S, Oya M (June 2014).
400:
351:
346:
935:
900:
865:
814:
762:
683:
629:
494:
846:
210:
cells (cells which are found surrounding blood vessels and which resemble
1967:
1779:
1110:
960:
892:
338:
254:
204:
92:
64:
1193:
1166:
1114:
582:
Is the follow-up of small renal angiomyolipomas a necessary precaution?
580:
D. F. W. Maclean, R. Sultana, R. Radwan, L. McKnight, and J. Khastgir,
160:
987:
648:
Shin NY, Kim MJ, Chung JJ, Chung YE, Choi JY, Park YN (May–Jun 2010).
1427:
1327:
1319:
999:
215:
84:
378:
It is suggested that no follow-up is needed for angiomyolipoma-like
1514:
341:
along the blood vessels to the tumour. The blood vessels are then
194:
155:
144:
132:
87:. Although regarded as benign, angiomyolipomas may grow such that
1060:
362:
dehydration. Where multiple or large angiomyolipomas have caused
98:
Angiomyolipomas are strongly associated with the genetic disease
114:
108:
1752:
1076:
387:
ultrasonography after six months, and then annually if stable.
426:
and prognoses. Angiomyolipoma is seen at right in pie chart.
245:
An angiomyolipoma is composed of varying proportions of
1628:
Multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis syndrome
422:
Histopathologic types of kidney tumour, with relative
54:. The tumours are hypodense (dark) due to fat content.
382:
measuring less than 1 or 2 cm. Alternatively, a
977:
1976:
1943:
1915:
1897:
1867:
1824:
1803:
1794:
1723:
1660:
1551:
1527:
1505:
1496:
1418:
1390:
1362:
1318:
1277:
1192:
1165:
1156:
1147:
1121:
981:
167:, and has an attenuation of less than 20 HU on the
58:
35:
584:Clinical Radiology, vol.69, no.8, pp.822–826, 2014
268:, they are believed to have derived from a common
454:
452:
272:that developed the common second-hit mutation.
720:
718:
697:Reinhard R, van der Zon-Conijn M, Smithuis R.
555:
553:
551:
330:). Therefore, removal of the affected kidney (
1764:
1088:
774:
772:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
537:
535:
533:
531:
8:
949:
947:
945:
163:of a renal angiomyolipoma. It involves the
50:Angiomyolipoma in both kidneys (arrows) in
1800:
1771:
1757:
1749:
1502:
1162:
1153:
1095:
1081:
1073:
978:
643:
641:
639:
203:Angiomyolipomas are tumours consisting of
121:Large angiomyolipomas can be treated with
69:
41:
32:
855:
845:
804:
752:
742:
673:
619:
576:
574:
484:
83:are the most common benign tumour of the
439:TSC. Both genders are affected equally.
417:
395:Small angiomyolipomas and those without
459:Northrup H, Krueger DA (October 2013).
448:
214:). A tumour of this kind is known as a
966:This topic last updated: Dec 30, 2017.
881:AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
7:
171:, which are typical characteristics.
1134:Desmoplastic small-round-cell tumor
477:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2013.08.001
230:which involves cells that form the
337:Embolisation involves inserting a
25:
1804:Glandular and epithelial neoplasm
1211:Aggressive infantile fibromatosis
1844:Clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney
1700:Clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney
358:, so is not considered lightly.
95:and burst, leading to bleeding.
1468:Intradermal spindle cell lipoma
1179:Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
1984:Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
1296:Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
1244:Infantile digital fibromatosis
1230:Familial myxovascular fibromas
1226:Diffuse infantile fibromatosis
1:
1342:Superficial acral fibromyxoma
1249:Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis
1643:Solitary cutaneous leiomyoma
1633:Multiple cutaneous leiomyoma
1354:Ossifying fibromyxoid tumour
1953:Transitional cell carcinoma
1925:Transitional cell carcinoma
1291:Benign fibrous histiocytoma
785:Korean Journal of Radiology
654:Korean Journal of Radiology
380:incidental imaging findings
89:kidney function is impaired
2031:
1880:Juxtaglomerular cell tumor
1571:Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
1149:Connective tissue neoplasm
928:10.1016/j.crad.2014.03.016
744:10.1186/s12882-021-02253-w
177:retroperitoneal hemorrhage
27:Benign tumor of the kidney
1875:Renal medullary carcinoma
1695:Malignant rhabdoid tumour
1662:Complex mixed and stromal
1591:
1583:Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
797:10.3348/kjr.2010.11.3.257
666:10.3348/kjr.2010.11.3.333
612:10.1007/s00261-014-0083-3
287:out-of-phase MRI sequence
91:or the blood vessels may
49:
40:
1234:Fibroma of tendon sheath
434:In patients with TSC, a
366:, dialysis is required.
104:lymphangioleiomyomatosis
1958:Squamous-cell carcinoma
1930:Squamous-cell carcinoma
1885:Renal medullary fibroma
1264:Oral submucous fibrosis
1206:Aggressive fibromatosis
1122:Not otherwise specified
834:Case Reports in Urology
699:"Kidney - Solid masses"
508:Weerakkody Y, Amini B.
2015:Benign renal neoplasms
1306:Solitary fibrous tumor
1301:Atypical fibroxanthoma
510:"Renal angiomyolipoma"
427:
364:chronic kidney disease
200:
172:
153:
142:
1680:Mixed Müllerian tumor
421:
384:renal ultrasonography
266:"second-hit" mutation
198:
159:
150:Renal ultrasonography
148:
139:renal ultrasonography
136:
2010:Urological neoplasia
1839:Mesoblastic nephroma
1811:Renal cell carcinoma
1685:Mesoblastic nephroma
1254:Plantar fibromatosis
1184:Desmoplastic fibroma
893:10.2214/AJR.16.17490
283:renal cell carcinoma
181:emergency department
1859:Metanephric adenoma
1675:Pleomorphic adenoma
1483:Spindle cell lipoma
1283:histiocytic sarcoma
1259:Pleomorphic fibroma
1221:Collagenous fibroma
1216:Aponeurotic fibroma
1129:Soft-tissue sarcoma
847:10.1155/2013/498694
703:Radiology Assistant
465:Pediatric Neurology
354:and a 2.5% rate of
251:smooth muscle cells
52:computer tomography
1935:Inverted papilloma
1638:Neural fibrolipoma
1613:Angiolipoleiomyoma
1576:Sarcoma botryoides
1473:Pleomorphic lipoma
1442:Myxoid liposarcoma
1406:Clear-cell sarcoma
1239:Fibromatosis colli
954:Torres VE, Pei Y.
916:Clinical Radiology
436:longitudinal study
428:
294:tuberous sclerosis
228:mesenchymal tumour
201:
173:
154:
143:
129:Signs and symptoms
100:tuberous sclerosis
1992:
1991:
1907:Ureteral neoplasm
1893:
1892:
1746:
1745:
1738:Adenomatoid tumor
1710:Pancreatoblastoma
1656:
1655:
1618:Genital leiomyoma
1478:Lipoblastomatosis
1414:
1413:
1314:
1313:
1269:Pachydermodactyly
1070:
1069:
600:Abdominal Imaging
328:fluid replacement
232:connective tissue
78:
77:
30:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
2022:
2005:Benign neoplasms
1816:Renal oncocytoma
1801:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1750:
1567:rhabdomyosarcoma
1556:
1532:
1508:
1503:
1463:Chondroid lipoma
1401:Synovial sarcoma
1337:Cutaneous myxoma
1163:
1154:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1074:
979:
967:
965:
951:
940:
939:
911:
905:
904:
876:
870:
869:
859:
849:
825:
819:
818:
808:
776:
767:
766:
756:
746:
722:
713:
712:
710:
709:
694:
688:
687:
677:
645:
634:
633:
623:
591:
585:
578:
569:
557:
526:
525:
523:
522:
505:
499:
498:
488:
456:
212:epithelial cells
169:Hounsfield scale
74:
73:
45:
33:
21:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2019:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1972:
1939:
1911:
1889:
1863:
1854:Cystic nephroma
1820:
1790:
1788:genital systems
1777:
1747:
1742:
1719:
1652:
1587:
1554:Skeletal muscle
1552:
1547:
1528:
1523:
1506:
1492:
1410:
1386:
1382:Phyllodes tumor
1364:Fibroepithelial
1358:
1310:
1273:
1188:
1143:
1117:
1101:
1071:
1066:
1065:
990:
976:
971:
970:
953:
952:
943:
913:
912:
908:
878:
877:
873:
827:
826:
822:
778:
777:
770:
724:
723:
716:
707:
705:
696:
695:
691:
647:
646:
637:
593:
592:
588:
579:
572:
558:
529:
520:
518:
507:
506:
502:
458:
457:
450:
445:
416:
399:blood vessels (
393:
376:
303:
278:
270:progenitor cell
193:
191:Pathophysiology
131:
81:Angiomyolipomas
68:
31:
28:
23:
22:
18:Angiomyolipomas
15:
12:
11:
5:
2028:
2026:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2007:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1963:Adenocarcinoma
1960:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1921:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1903:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1849:Angiomyolipoma
1846:
1841:
1836:
1830:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1753:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1715:Carcinosarcoma
1712:
1707:
1705:Hepatoblastoma
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1666:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1623:Leiomyosarcoma
1620:
1615:
1610:
1608:Angioleiomyoma
1605:
1604:
1603:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1559:
1557:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1543:leiomyosarcoma
1535:
1533:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1511:
1509:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1454:Angiomyolipoma
1446:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1424:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1397:
1395:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1372:Brenner tumour
1368:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1324:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1287:
1285:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1202:
1200:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1160:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1077:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1052:
1041:
1030:
1022:
1007:
991:
986:
985:
983:
982:Classification
975:
974:External links
972:
969:
968:
941:
922:(8): 822–826.
906:
887:(2): 346–350.
871:
820:
791:(3): 257–268.
768:
731:BMC Nephrology
714:
689:
660:(3): 333–345.
635:
606:(3): 588–604.
586:
570:
527:
500:
471:(4): 243–254.
447:
446:
444:
441:
415:
412:
392:
389:
375:
372:
302:
299:
277:
274:
247:vascular cells
236:cardiovascular
192:
189:
130:
127:
76:
75:
62:
56:
55:
47:
46:
38:
37:
36:Angiomyolipoma
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2027:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:Smooth muscle
1526:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1002:
1001:
997:
993:
992:
989:
984:
980:
973:
963:
962:
957:
950:
948:
946:
942:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
910:
907:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
875:
872:
867:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
839:
835:
831:
824:
821:
816:
812:
807:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
775:
773:
769:
764:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
736:
732:
728:
721:
719:
715:
704:
700:
693:
690:
685:
681:
676:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
644:
642:
640:
636:
631:
627:
622:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
590:
587:
583:
577:
575:
571:
567:
566:3-527-32201-9
563:
556:
554:
552:
550:
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
532:
528:
517:
516:
511:
504:
501:
496:
492:
487:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
455:
453:
449:
442:
440:
437:
432:
425:
420:
413:
411:
409:
404:
402:
398:
390:
388:
385:
381:
373:
371:
367:
365:
359:
357:
353:
348:
344:
340:
335:
333:
329:
324:
320:
316:
314:
309:
307:
300:
298:
295:
290:
288:
284:
275:
273:
271:
267:
262:
258:
256:
252:
248:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
206:
197:
190:
188:
186:
182:
178:
170:
166:
162:
158:
151:
147:
140:
135:
128:
126:
124:
119:
117:
116:
111:
110:
105:
101:
96:
94:
90:
86:
82:
72:
66:
63:
61:
57:
53:
48:
44:
39:
34:
19:
1848:
1834:Wilms' tumor
1733:Mesothelioma
1690:Wilms' tumor
1453:
1377:Fibroadenoma
1279:Histiocytoma
1198:fibromatosis
1171:fibrosarcoma
1139:Skin sarcoma
1054:
1043:
1032:
1024:
1009:
994:
959:
919:
915:
909:
884:
880:
874:
837:
833:
823:
788:
784:
734:
730:
706:. Retrieved
702:
692:
657:
653:
603:
599:
589:
519:. Retrieved
513:
503:
468:
464:
433:
429:
414:Epidemiology
405:
394:
377:
368:
360:
336:
325:
321:
317:
313:embolisation
310:
304:
291:
279:
263:
261:the kidney.
259:
244:
205:perivascular
202:
174:
165:renal cortex
123:embolisation
120:
113:
107:
97:
80:
79:
1868:by location
1826:Mixed tumor
1725:Mesothelial
1563:Rhabdomyoma
1437:Myelolipoma
1432:liposarcoma
1349:Angiomyxoma
1332:myxosarcoma
1158:Fibromatous
1108:soft tissue
515:Radiopaedia
332:nephrectomy
249:, immature
208:epithelioid
1999:Categories
1670:Adenomyoma
1519:myosarcoma
1420:Lipomatous
1320:Myxomatous
1104:Connective
1045:DiseasesDB
956:"UpToDate"
840:: 498694.
708:2017-10-27
521:2019-08-02
443:References
424:incidences
347:analgesics
306:Everolimus
224:choristoma
220:hamartomas
1601:Cutaneous
1596:Leiomyoma
1539:Leiomyoma
1498:Myomatous
1488:Hibernoma
1056:SNOMED CT
1029:: M8860/0
737:(1): 47.
401:aneurysms
391:Prognosis
374:Follow-up
356:mortality
352:morbidity
301:Treatment
276:Diagnosis
255:fat cells
242:systems.
240:lymphatic
183:, are in
60:Specialty
1968:Melanoma
1392:Synovial
1115:sarcomas
1061:19929002
961:UpToDate
936:24837696
901:28609114
866:24106637
815:20461179
763:33517888
684:20461188
630:24504542
495:24053982
408:dialysis
339:catheter
65:Oncology
1945:Urethra
1917:Bladder
1784:urinary
1782:of the
1507:General
1194:Fibroma
1167:Fibroma
1039:D018207
857:3784227
806:2864852
754:7849137
675:2864861
621:4040184
486:4080684
397:dilated
343:blocked
161:CT scan
1899:Ureter
1796:Kidney
1780:Tumors
1449:PEComa
1428:Lipoma
1328:Myxoma
1111:tumors
934:
899:
864:
854:
813:
803:
761:
751:
682:
672:
628:
618:
564:
493:
483:
253:, and
238:, and
216:PEComa
93:dilate
85:kidney
67:
1977:Other
1648:STUMP
1515:Myoma
1394:-like
1050:29496
1026:ICD-O
1020:223.0
1005:D30.0
185:shock
1786:and
1113:and
1034:MeSH
1015:9-CM
932:PMID
897:PMID
862:PMID
838:2013
811:PMID
759:PMID
680:PMID
626:PMID
562:ISBN
491:PMID
115:TSC2
109:TSC1
1011:ICD
996:ICD
924:doi
889:doi
885:209
852:PMC
842:doi
801:PMC
793:doi
749:PMC
739:doi
670:PMC
662:doi
616:PMC
608:doi
481:PMC
473:doi
112:or
2001::
1569::
1059::
1048::
1037::
1018::
1003::
1000:10
958:.
944:^
930:.
920:69
918:.
895:.
883:.
860:.
850:.
836:.
832:.
809:.
799:.
789:11
787:.
783:.
771:^
757:.
747:.
735:22
733:.
729:.
717:^
701:.
678:.
668:.
658:11
656:.
652:.
638:^
624:.
614:.
604:39
602:.
598:.
573:^
530:^
512:.
489:.
479:.
469:49
467:.
463:.
451:^
257:.
234:,
187:.
1772:e
1765:t
1758:v
1565:/
1541:/
1517:/
1430:/
1330:/
1281:/
1196:/
1169:/
1106:/
1096:e
1089:t
1082:v
1013:-
998:-
988:D
964:.
938:.
926::
903:.
891::
868:.
844::
817:.
795::
765:.
741::
711:.
686:.
664::
632:.
610::
568:.
524:.
497:.
475::
141:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
