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375:. It does not infest maize or sorghum. On wheat it causes stunted plants and distorted leaves. Seeds are transformed into galls which contain a dried mass of nematodes. If compared to normal wheat seeds, galls are smaller in size, lighter, and their color ranges from light brown to black (normal wheat seeds are tan in color).
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Juveniles find a host and move up the plant in a film of water. They invade meristems and penetrate inflorescences. Once in the developing seed they molt, become adults, mate, and reproduce. Eggs laid by the female develop and hatch as J2 within the seed gall where they desiccate and become dormant.
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called "ear-cockle" or seed gall. Originally found in many parts of the world but has been eradicated from the western hemisphere. Currently in north Africa and west Asia only. Yield losses up to 70% have been reported, ranging from 30-70%. Threshold of 10,000 juveniles/kg soil develop disease.
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The disease has been eradicated by seed sanitation methods. Seed certification programs get rid of galls (lighter and less dense than seed) by flotation, hot water treatments, winnowing or gravity table seed processing.
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Dormant J2 overwinter in the seed galls until spring. They are released when galls come in contact with moist soil and hydrate. Total life cycle is completed in 113 days.
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has a three part esophagus and the esophageal glands do not overlap with intestine. The female body tends to be thickened and curved ventrally. It has a short
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334:(8-11 μm). Females have one ovary and the vulva located posterior. Males possess small spicules and small bursae or alae.
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invading inflorescence and developing seeds. It causes a disease called "ear-cockle", "gout" or seed gall on
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Esser, R.P., O’Bannon, J.H., and Clark R.A. 1991. Procedures to detect wheat seed gall nematode (
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Seed-Borne
Diseases of Agricultural Crops: Detection, Diagnosis & Management
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Kumar, Ravindra; Gupta, Anuja (2020). Kumar, Ravindra; Gupta, Anuja (eds.).
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to be described in the literature in 1743. It causes a disease in
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Plant parasitic nematodes in subtropical and tropical agriculture
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Plant nematodes of agricultural importance – A color handbook
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It is a large nematode, ranging from 3–5 millimetres (
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200:(Steinbuch, 1799) Gervais & van Beneden, 1859
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599:No. 186. Fla dept. Agric. and Consumer Serv.
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192:(Steinbuch, 1799) Gervais & van Beneden
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443:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
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521:Luc, M. Sikora R.A., Bridge, J. 1990.
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828:89388363-f538-4567-99ff-d7919984309a
727:de9c677b-1922-4ff1-b761-6a4430b6b69f
274:) is a plant pathogenic nematode.
24:Wheat seed and leaf gall nematode
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272:wheat seed and leaf gall nematode
208:(Steinbuch, 1799) Dujardin, 1845
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504:Bridge J. and Starr J.L. 2007.
224:(Steinbuch, 1799) Bastian, 1865
467:at Department of Nematology,
184:(Schneider, 1866) Goodey, 1932
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176:(Steinbuch, 1799) Grube, 1849
512:(AP), an imprint of Elsevier
216:(Schneider, 1866) Cobb, 1890
887:Agricultural pest nematodes
412:Invasive Species Compendium
406:(wheat seed gall nematode)"
256:seed and leaf gall nematode
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347:Host parasite relationship
561:10.1007/978-981-32-9046-4
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30:Scientific classification
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494:University of California
469:University of California
287:plant parasitic nematode
278:History and significance
268:wheat seed-gall nematode
264:wheat seed gall nematode
338:Life cycle/reproduction
149:, 1799) Chitwood, 1935
488:July 2, 2007, at the
326: in) in length.
181:Anguillulina scandens
722:Fauna Europaea (new)
555:. p. XIII-871.
189:Anguillulina tritici
597:Nematology Circular
367:, and also infects
260:wheat gall nematode
248:ear-cockle nematode
165:Anguillula scandens
553:Springer Singapore
252:seed-gall nematode
213:Tylenchus scandens
173:Anguillula tritici
16:Pathoenic nematode
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612:Taxon identifiers
570:978-981-32-9045-7
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388:References
379:Management
302:Morphology
97:Anguinidae
87:Tylenchida
792:2.1094160
579:218682899
549:Singapore
351:It is an
147:Steinbuch
115:Species:
53:Kingdom:
47:Eukaryota
766:10597848
629:Wikidata
486:Archived
448:July 22,
156:Synonyms
93:Family:
67:Nematoda
63:Phylum:
57:Animalia
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321:⁄
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108:Anguina
103:Genus:
83:Order:
73:Class:
854:159575
841:159620
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818:166006
753:410410
714:224800
701:248325
688:ANGUTR
675:463247
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369:barley
332:stylet
861:PPE:
779:63594
761:IRMNG
696:EUNIS
575:S2CID
471:Davis
410:CABI
361:wheat
291:wheat
813:NCBI
774:ITIS
735:GBIF
683:EPPO
565:ISBN
450:2007
371:and
363:and
293:and
800:NBN
670:EoL
657:AFD
644:ADW
557:doi
373:oat
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295:rye
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
