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196:, who was among the first to apply the comparative method to Native American languages. However, contrary to current practice in historical linguistics, Sapir also often relied on "hunches" and "gut feeling" when proposing new language families. Some of these suggestions have been proven correct while others have not. Sapir entertained the idea that ultimately all languages of the Americas might turn out to be provably related and such a phenomenon as the apparent Pan-American tendency to have first person forms with a prefixed n- was suggestive for this line of thought.
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203:" who usually look towards notions of genetic relationships, and the "splitters" who are widely critical of such proposals and expect successful family relations to be proven by the most rigorous standards of scholarship. Joseph Greenberg worked in the tradition of "lumpers" and following Sapir, was mindful of evidence not generally acceptable to those who hold that only actual
185:
languages were in fact not all that similar, but had a diversity much greater than among the languages of Europe. After a period of uncertainty about whether indigenous languages could be described and investigated by the methods applied to
European languages, the first linguists began the daunting task of trying to classify the languages of the Americas by using the
431:, but also because of many other methodological flaws made by Greenberg in the elaboration of the hypothesis. Critics regard this technique as fundamentally flawed, unable to distinguish chance resemblances from those due to a historical relationship among the languages and providing no means of distinguishing resemblances due to common descent from those due to
416:) gender system for proto-Amerind, with masculine kinship terms containing the vowel *i and feminine the vowel *u, that he claims proves Greenberg's reconstruction. This is based on Greenberg's *t'a'na 'child', to which Ruhlen adds a masculine derivation *t'i'na 'son, boy' and a feminine *t'u'na 'daughter, girl'.
207:—through the comparative method—can yield reliable proof of genetic relationships between languages. In elaborating his classification of the Amerind languages, Greenberg relied heavily on Sapir's early work on the North American languages and the highly impressionist classification of South American languages by
403:
in 1905. Sapir suggested that it indicated that ultimately all Native
American languages would turn out to be related. However, it is not universal, being confined primarily to western North America and to a lesser extent Mesoamerica; the incidence elsewhere is not statistically significant, and in
438:
A further criticism is that, contrary to normal scholarly practice, no source references are given for the data, which in most cases come from languages for which there is no standard, authoritative source. In addition, Greenberg does not normalize the spelling of the data, so it is impossible
184:
noticed that the languages of the
Americas seemed to be very different from the better-known European languages, yet seemingly also quite similar to each other. When studies of American Indian languages began in earnest in the early 20th century linguists quickly realized that the indigenous
435:. In addition, critics have pointed out errors in the citation of data, including erroneous forms, erroneous glosses, unjustified morphological segmentation, attribution to the wrong language, and citation of entirely spurious forms.
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Goddard, Ives; & Campbell, Lyle. (1994). The history and classification of
American Indian languages: What are the implications for the peopling of the Americas?. In R. Bonnichsen & D. Steele (Eds.),
427:
The consensus among historical linguists specializing in Native
American languages is that the Amerind hypothesis is unsupported by valid evidence, particularly because the basis for the proposal is
145:, and with everything else—otherwise classified by specialists as belonging to dozens of independent families—as Amerind. Because of a large number of methodological disagreements with the 1987 book
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Unlike the n-/m- pattern in the pronouns, an intact i/u gender system is not attested across language families, and the consensus is that the pattern is a spurious one.
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Since Sapir's death in 1939, linguists have spent their time researching his proposals; typically, there have been two opposing camps in this endeavor: the so-called "
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With the
Intercontinental Dictionary Series, topical vocabulary lists from different languages can be viewed side-by-side when generated using advanced browsing.
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The main argument for the validity of
Amerind is a pronominal pattern in many Native American languages that have first person forms with
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was critical of many of
Greenberg's subdivisions and believed it was due to an insufficient number of comparisons by Greenberg.
149:, the relationships he proposed between these languages have been rejected by the majority of historical linguists as spurious.
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2046:. Peopling of the Americas publications. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University, Center for the Study of the First Americans.
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2155:. Handbook of North American Indians (W. C. Sturtevant, General Ed.) (Vol. 17). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution.
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Ruhlen, Merritt (1995), "On the Origin of the
Amerind Pronominal Pattern", in Chen, Matthew Y.; Tzeng, Ovid J. L. (eds.),
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The idea that all the languages of the
Americas are related goes back to the 19th century when early linguists such as
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Greenberg, Joseph H. (1960). General classification of Central and South American languages. In A. Wallace (Ed.),
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2435:(1994), "Linguistic Evidence for the Peopling of the Americas", in Bonnichsen, Robson; Steele, D. Gentry (eds.),
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Campbell, Lyle; Poser, William J. (2008) Language Classification, History and Method, Cambridge University Press
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2148:(pp. 290–323). Handbook of North Americans Indians (Vol. 17). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution.
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Einleitung in das Sprachstudium. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte und Methodik der vergleichenden Sprachforschung
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Berman, Howard. (1992). A comment on the Yurok and Kalapuya data in Greenberg's Language in the Americas.
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Men and cultures: Fifth international congress of anthropological and ethnological sciences (1956)
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western North American it is more an argument for the Hokan and Penutian phyla than for Amerind.
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Greenberg, Joseph H. (1989). Classification of American Indian languages: A reply to Campbell.
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Possessive prefixes are used. Pronouns and pronominal prefixes have an n-, t-, y-/Ø pattern.
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Raoul Zamponi (2017) 'First-person n and second-person m in Native America: a fresh look'.
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Merritt Ruhlen, "First- and Second-Person Pronouns in the World's Languages," pp. 252–60.
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Poser, William J. (1992). The Salinan and Yurumanguí data in Language in the Americas.
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2487:(1994), "Review of 'Linguistic Diversity in Space and Time' By Johanna Nichols",
2388:(pp. 139–62). Cambridge, UK: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.
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without knowing the source of each form to know what the notation represents.
208:
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2386:
America Past, America Present: Genes and Languages in the Americas and Beyond
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5101:
4851:
4186:
4076:
2729:
2695:
2655:
2575:
2552:
2475:
1179:
89:
4635:
4305:
2115:
6229:
6193:
6143:
6005:
5790:
5117:
4967:
4529:
4509:
4504:
4394:
4374:
3577:
2517:
1967:
Hamp, Eric P.; Swadesh, Morris; Taylor, Douglas; Aschmann, Homer (1963).
43:
2629:
2210:
Greenberg, Joseph H. (1987). Language in the Americas: Author's précis.
6236:
5720:
5597:
5519:
5113:
4650:
4579:
4534:
4275:
4171:
4146:
4131:
4051:
4046:
4003:
3978:
3948:
2338:
2070:
American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America
1992:
1968:
601:
464:
1773:
5582:
5056:
5046:
4942:
4917:
4429:
4424:
4349:
4285:
4166:
4116:
4106:
4081:
2589:
582:, by Joseph Greenberg and Merritt Ruhlen, Stanford University, 2007.
578:
Below is the current state of Amerindian classification, as given in
413:
2200:(pp. 791–794). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
1984:
6326:
4696:
4640:
4631:
4519:
4096:
2711:
Google.books: Greenberg, Joseph. 'Language in the Americas'. 1987.
2620:
2294:
Matisoff, James. (1990). On megalo-comparison: A discussion note.
6286:
2437:
Method and Theory for Investigating the Peopling of the Americas
2169:
Method and theory for investigating the peopling of the Americas
2044:
Method and theory for investigating the peopling of the Americas
1720:
8810:
7433:
6402:
5319:
3819:
3175:
3027:
2746:
2733:
192:
Among the most prolific and gifted linguists of his times was
2466:(November 1994), "Plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose",
442:
While sympathetic to the idea of an Amerind language family,
5278:
Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
2042:
Bonnichsen, Robson; & Steele, D. Gentry (Eds.). (1994).
1740:
9203:
Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
2171:(pp. 189–207). Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University.
2514:
On the Origin of Languages: Studies in Linguistic Taxonomy
156:
is also occasionally used to refer broadly to the various
2678:
Sapir, Edward (1984), "Letter to A. L. Kroeber (1918)",
2652:
Traces of ancestry: studies in honour of Colin Renfrew
2396:(1994), "Evolution of Language", in Macey, Sam (ed.),
5273:
Painting in the Americas before European colonization
2564:(March 1995), "Proto-Amerind *QETS' 'Left (Hand)'",
2232:
Greenberg, Joseph H. (1996). In defense of Amerind.
454:
The 1960 proposal, in its outlines, was as follows:
387:
Indigenous languages of the Americas § Pronouns
9190:
9165:
9140:
9014:
8931:
8845:
8755:
8684:
8656:
8525:
8487:
8411:
8345:
8228:
8167:
8060:
8020:
7974:
7901:
7841:
7799:
7721:
7609:
7526:
7499:
7479:
7396:
7350:
7308:
7281:
7161:
7129:
7087:
7034:
6970:
6936:
6841:
6811:
6780:
6747:
6694:
6654:
6621:
6587:
6553:
6526:
6440:
6202:
6134:
5666:
5395:
5144:
5067:
5042:
5013:
4988:
4963:
4938:
4913:
4882:
4857:
4832:
4801:
4764:
4739:
4702:
4671:
4646:
4617:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4593:
4200:
4032:
3889:
3853:
3718:
3636:
3553:
3544:
3514:
3470:
3437:
3407:
3377:
3346:
3339:
3288:
3259:
3209:
3134:
3061:
2906:
2780:
2690:, Survey of California and Other Indian Languages,
88:
59:
49:
37:
32:
107:Present distribution of proposed Amerind languages
2726:, one of the advocates of the Amerind hypothesis.
27:Hypothetical language macrofamily of the Americas
1917:
1915:
9174:Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages
2443:: Center for the Study of the First Americans,
1798:http://www.merrittruhlen.com/files/Pronouns.pdf
1741:"AULEX - Diccionario Español - Kiliwa en línea"
5253:Ceramics of Indigenous peoples of the Americas
5238:Category: Archaeological sites in the Americas
2660:McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research
2623:: Anthropological Society of Nippon: 209–225,
8822:
7445:
6414:
5331:
3831:
3187:
3039:
2758:
2375:International Journal of American Linguistics
2361:International Journal of American Linguistics
2285:International Journal of American Linguistics
2234:International Journal of American Linguistics
2033:International Journal of American Linguistics
160:without necessarily implying that they are a
8:
3160:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
2543:(March 1995), "A Note on Amerind Pronouns",
9213:Russian State University for the Humanities
534:Equatorial (with Macro-Arawakan and Tupian)
8829:
8815:
8807:
7796:
7523:
7496:
7452:
7438:
7430:
7305:
7126:
7031:
6744:
6523:
6421:
6407:
6399:
5338:
5324:
5316:
5221:
3838:
3824:
3816:
3550:
3467:
3343:
3285:
3194:
3180:
3172:
3046:
3032:
3024:
2765:
2751:
2743:
2730:
2611:(January 1995), "Proto-Amerind Numerals",
1969:"On Aboriginal Languages of Latin America"
7461:Indigenous language families and isolates
6430:Indigenous language families and isolates
5846:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
5243:Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
2628:
2309:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
9208:Moscow School of Comparative Linguistics
3847:Pre-Columbian civilizations and cultures
218:
1668:
1646:Non-Amerind American language families
220:Cherry-picked similarities in pronouns
2335:Linguistic diversity in space and time
2207:. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
1859:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1852:
412:Ruhlen reconstructed a morphological (
168:is often used for the latter meaning.
125:in 1960 and elaborated by his student
29:
9281:Indigenous languages of South America
9276:Indigenous languages of North America
2307:The languages of Native North America
2072:. New York: Oxford University Press.
129:. Greenberg proposed that all of the
58:
7:
9266:Indigenous languages of the Americas
2688:University of California at Berkeley
164:group. To avoid ambiguity, the term
158:indigenous languages of the Americas
131:indigenous languages of the Americas
6317:Norse colonization of North America
4271:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Venezuela
2592:: Pyramid Press, pp. 405–407,
399:. This pattern was first noted by
5263:Indigenous cuisine of the Americas
4242:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Colombia
3203:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
2255:An Amerind Etymological Dictionary
580:An Amerind Etymological Dictionary
25:
4254:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Ecuador
4225:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Bolivia
9237:
9236:
9228:
9149:Journal of Language Relationship
5295:
4247:Archaeological sites in Colombia
4220:Cultures of Pre-Cabraline Brazil
3250:
2888:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2495:, Anthropos Institute: 640–641,
2018:Adelaar, Willem F. H. (1989). .
101:
6337:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
4230:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Chile
2261:, Department of Anthropology,
1817:Italian Journal of Linguistics
1:
5174:Spanish Conquest of Guatemala
4235:Archaeological sites in Chile
2586:In Honor of William S-Y. Wang
2203:Greenberg, Joseph H. (1987).
2151:Goddard, Ives (Ed.). (1996).
1721:http://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/ids
395:and second person forms with
137:, the previously established
9198:Evolution of Human Languages
6302:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
6252:Eastern Agricultural Complex
5268:Mesoamerican writing systems
4264:Archaeological sites in Peru
3013:United States Virgin Islands
2774:Languages of North America
119:higher-level language family
5686:Bandelier National Monument
5560:List of Mississippian sites
5347:Pre-Columbian North America
5164:Spanish Conquest of Yucatán
3055:Languages of South America
2724:home page of Merritt Ruhlen
2343:University of Chicago Press
1675:Greenberg & Ruhlen 2007
1622:Principal advocates of the
9297:
9271:Proposed language families
8179:Arawan–Harákmbut–Katukinan
6106:West Oak Forest Earthlodge
5711:The Bluff Point Stoneworks
5420:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)
5190:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
5093:Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil
2373:Rankin, Robert. (1992). .
2305:Mithun, Marianne. (1999).
2185:Golla, Victor. (1988). .
2174:Golla, Victor. (1987). .
2133:Goddard, Ives. (1990). .
2122:Goddard, Ives. (1987). .
2086:Chafe, Wallace. (1987). .
2057:Campbell, Lyle. (1988). .
384:
9226:
8873:Linguistic reconstruction
6375:
6347:Three Sisters agriculture
5353:
5291:
5233:
5224:
4588:
4415:Llanos de Moxos (Bolivia)
3791:
3248:
2988:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
2740:
2735:Links to related articles
2522:Stanford University Press
205:linguistic reconstruction
100:
51:Linguistic classification
9191:Institutions and schools
9072:Vladislav Illich-Svitych
5886:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
5445:Buttermilk Creek complex
5302:Civilizations portal
4259:Cultural periods of Peru
3008:Turks and Caicos Islands
2205:Language in the Americas
2068:Campbell, Lyle. (1997).
147:Language in the Americas
55:Proposed language family
9181:The Languages of Africa
8878:Internal reconstruction
8858:Etymological dictionary
8839:comparative linguistics
6086:Town Creek Indian Mound
6056:Sierra de San Francisco
5911:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
5196:Hernán Pérez de Quesada
4042:Mesoamerican chronology
2613:Anthropological Science
2445:Oregon State University
2187:American Anthropologist
981:Andean–Chibchan–Paezan
178:Peter Stephen DuPonceau
133:belong to one of three
8780:Unclassified languages
7414:Unclassified languages
5741:Coso Rock Art District
5628:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
5531:List of Hopewell sites
3899:Archaeological periods
2938:British Virgin Islands
2108:Breitkopf & Härtel
592:North–Central Amerind
75:Andean–Chibchan–Paezan
9082:Alexis Manaster Ramer
8350:, Bolivia, and Chile)
8171:(west-central Brazil)
6149:Arlington Springs Man
5991:Portsmouth Earthworks
5202:List of Conquistadors
5089:Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal
4500:Quebrada de Humahuaca
3919:Caddoan Mississippian
3524:European colonization
2878:Saint Kitts and Nevis
8923:Leipzig–Jakarta list
8883:Linguistic universal
6357:Transoceanic contact
6247:Container Revolution
5821:Gila Cliff Dwellings
5786:Etowah Indian Mounds
5169:Francisco de Montejo
5097:Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I
4210:Andean civilizations
4137:Shaft tomb tradition
3242:Solutrean hypothesis
2662:, pp. 139–142,
2447:, pp. 177–188,
2398:Encyclopedia of Time
2246:Greenberg, Joseph H.
2212:Current Anthropology
2176:Current Anthropology
2124:Current Anthropology
2088:Current Anthropology
1973:Current Anthropology
1626:or its predecessors
1205:Equatorial–Tucanoan
182:Wilhelm von Humboldt
9117:Vitaly Shevoroshkin
8773:Marañón River basin
8638:Tequiraca–Canichana
8618:Maya–Yunga–Chipayan
7363:Algonquian–Wakashan
6277:Green Corn Ceremony
6091:Turkey River Mounds
5881:Lake Jackson Mounds
5701:Blue Spring Shelter
5135:Manco Inca Yupanqui
4440:Manteño-Huancavilca
3909:Ancestral Puebloans
3623:Trinidad and Tobago
2893:Trinidad and Tobago
2788:Antigua and Barbuda
2630:10.1537/ase.103.209
2414:1994enti.book.....M
2263:Stanford University
1635:Joseph H. Greenberg
598:Almosan–Keresiouan
221:
79:Equatorial–Tucanoan
9234:Linguistics portal
9218:Santa Fe Institute
9077:Frederik Kortlandt
9042:Aharon Dolgopolsky
8898:Origin of language
8853:Comparative method
8593:Esmeralda–Yaruroan
8526:Proposed groupings
7480:Language families
7351:Proposed groupings
6441:Language families
6362:Underwater panther
6036:Rosenstock Village
5906:Marmes Rockshelter
5891:L'Anse aux Meadows
5258:Columbian exchange
5248:Portal:Mesoamerica
4400:La Tolita (Tumaco)
4215:Indigenous peoples
3954:Hopewell tradition
3881:Indigenous peoples
3783:In popular culture
3534:Columbian exchange
3529:Population history
3260:Mythology/Religion
2828:Dominican Republic
2100:Delbrück, Berthold
1803:2017-11-16 at the
1726:2010-08-19 at the
1624:Amerind hypothesis
522:Andean–Equatorial
219:
187:comparative method
117:is a hypothetical
65:Almosan–Keresiouan
9261:Amerind languages
9248:
9247:
9132:Alfredo Trombetti
9122:Georgiy Starostin
9052:Harold C. Fleming
8932:Language families
8804:
8803:
8798:
8797:
8768:Extinct languages
8521:
8520:
7837:
7836:
7605:
7604:
7474:
7427:
7426:
7409:Extinct languages
7346:
7345:
7342:
7341:
7157:
7156:
7083:
7082:
6837:
6836:
6813:Takelma–Kalapuyan
6396:
6395:
6388:Pre-Columbian era
6189:Spirit Cave mummy
5986:Plum Bayou Mounds
5896:Lynch Quarry Site
5415:Ancient Beringian
5313:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5283:Pre-Columbian art
5219:
5218:
5213:Francisco Pizarro
5179:Pedro de Alvarado
4495:Pucará de Tilcara
3813:
3812:
3714:
3713:
3510:
3509:
3433:
3432:
3403:
3402:
3222:Pre-Columbian era
3169:
3168:
3141:other territories
3021:
3020:
2910:other territories
2441:Corvallis, Oregon
1630:Alfredo Trombetti
1121:Cahuapana–Zaparo
978:Southern Amerind
905:Waicuri–Quinigua
595:Northern Amerind
401:Alfredo Trombetti
383:
382:
135:language families
112:
111:
16:(Redirected from
9288:
9240:
9239:
9232:
9127:Sergei Starostin
9107:Martine Robbeets
9067:Murray Gell-Mann
9057:Joseph Greenberg
9032:Allan R. Bomhard
8918:Dolgopolsky list
8903:Paleolinguistics
8868:Lexicostatistics
8863:Glottochronology
8831:
8824:
8817:
8808:
8790:Linguistic areas
8658:Linguistic areas
8200:? Mura–Matanawí
7947:Andoque–Urequena
7797:
7524:
7497:
7468:
7454:
7447:
7440:
7431:
7419:Linguistic areas
7306:
7127:
7032:
6745:
6524:
6423:
6416:
6409:
6400:
6332:Projectile point
6169:Leanderthal Lady
6096:Upward Sun River
6071:Stallings Island
6061:Shell ring sites
6011:Recapture Canyon
5926:Moorehead Circle
5771:El Fin del Mundo
5756:Cueva de la Olla
5562:
5549:Maritime Archaic
5533:
5363:
5340:
5333:
5326:
5317:
5300:
5299:
5298:
5222:
5208:Spanish Conquest
5185:Spanish Conquest
5160:Spanish Conquest
5149:Spanish Conquest
4591:
4590:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3817:
3551:
3468:
3344:
3286:
3254:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3173:
3161:
3149:Falkland Islands
3063:Sovereign states
3048:
3041:
3034:
3025:
2978:Saint Barthélemy
2908:Dependencies and
2781:Sovereign states
2767:
2760:
2753:
2744:
2731:
2699:
2698:
2673:
2672:
2642:
2641:
2632:
2603:
2602:
2579:
2578:
2556:
2555:
2535:
2534:
2504:
2503:
2479:
2478:
2458:
2457:
2427:
2426:
2356:
2355:
2331:Nichols, Johanna
2280:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2271:
2265:, archived from
2260:
2119:
2118:
2005:
2004:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1910:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1858:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1841:
1835:. Archived from
1834:
1826:
1820:
1813:
1807:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1737:
1731:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1685:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1283:Jivaro–Kandoshi
1171:Southern Andean
1136:Northern Andean
984:Chibchan–Paezan
956:Central Amerind
870:Salinan–Chumash
836:Shasta–Achomawi
787:Mexican Penutian
433:language contact
222:
123:Joseph Greenberg
105:
76:
30:
21:
18:Andean languages
9296:
9295:
9291:
9290:
9289:
9287:
9286:
9285:
9251:
9250:
9249:
9244:
9222:
9186:
9161:
9136:
9097:Holger Pedersen
9087:Sergei Nikolaev
9062:Eugene Helimski
9037:Svetlana Burlak
9010:
8996:North Caucasian
8961:Elamo-Dravidian
8927:
8893:Mass comparison
8841:
8835:
8805:
8800:
8799:
8794:
8751:
8680:
8652:
8613:Mataco–Guaicuru
8608:Katembri–Taruma
8573:Macro-Puinavean
8558:Macro-Otomákoan
8517:
8483:
8423:Mataco–Guaicuru
8407:
8341:
8224:
8163:
8056:
8032:Sechura–Catacao
8021:Pacific coast (
8016:
7975:Pacific coast (
7970:
7897:
7833:
7795:
7717:
7601:
7522:
7495:
7481:
7475:
7473:classification)
7467:
7458:
7428:
7423:
7392:
7338:
7304:
7286:linguistic area
7285:
7277:
7166:linguistic area
7165:
7153:
7125:
7079:
7030:
6975:linguistic area
6974:
6966:
6940:linguistic area
6939:
6932:
6833:
6807:
6776:
6743:
6690:
6650:
6617:
6583:
6549:
6522:
6442:
6436:
6427:
6397:
6392:
6383:Genetic history
6371:
6225:Ceremonial pipe
6198:
6179:Minnesota Woman
6136:
6130:
5951:Ocmulgee Mounds
5931:Morrison Mounds
5876:Kolomoki Mounds
5866:Kimball Village
5726:Candelaria Cave
5668:
5662:
5643:Suwannee Valley
5578:Old Cordilleran
5558:
5529:
5397:
5391:
5357:
5349:
5344:
5314:
5305:
5296:
5294:
5287:
5229:
5220:
5210:
5199:
5193:
5187:
5176:
5172:
5166:
5162:
5151:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5125:
5116:
5112:
5108:
5106:Quemuenchatocha
5104:
5095:
5091:
5082:
5078:
5074:
5035:
4904:
4813:
4787:
4776:
4723:Human Sacrifice
4720:
4712:Human Sacrifice
4709:
4683:
4656:Mayan Languages
4584:
4196:
4028:
3885:
3866:Genetic history
3849:
3844:
3814:
3809:
3787:
3710:
3632:
3546:
3540:
3516:
3506:
3466:
3429:
3399:
3373:
3335:
3284:
3273:List of deities
3255:
3246:
3205:
3200:
3170:
3165:
3159:
3142:
3140:
3130:
3057:
3052:
3022:
3017:
2911:
2909:
2902:
2776:
2771:
2736:
2707:
2702:
2677:
2676:
2670:
2648:Ruhlen, Merritt
2646:
2645:
2609:Ruhlen, Merritt
2607:
2606:
2600:
2583:
2582:
2562:Ruhlen, Merritt
2560:
2559:
2541:Ruhlen, Merritt
2539:
2538:
2532:
2510:Ruhlen, Merritt
2508:
2507:
2485:Ruhlen, Merritt
2483:
2482:
2464:Ruhlen, Merritt
2462:
2461:
2455:
2433:Ruhlen, Merritt
2431:
2430:
2424:
2406:Garland Science
2394:Ruhlen, Merritt
2392:
2391:
2353:
2329:
2328:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2258:
2250:Ruhlen, Merritt
2244:
2243:
2098:
2097:
2014:
2009:
2008:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1851:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1832:
1830:"Archived copy"
1828:
1827:
1823:
1814:
1810:
1805:Wayback Machine
1795:
1791:
1782:
1780:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1749:
1747:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1728:Wayback Machine
1719:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1619:
1614:
1515:Mataco–Guaicuru
1359:Macro-Tucanoan
1211:Macro-Arawakan
1101:Itucale–Sabela
820:Northern Hokan
716:Miwok–Costanoan
679:Penutian–Hokan
576:
506:Macro-Chibchan
452:
429:mass comparison
425:
410:
389:
217:
174:
108:
74:
71:Central Amerind
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9294:
9292:
9284:
9283:
9278:
9273:
9268:
9263:
9253:
9252:
9246:
9245:
9227:
9224:
9223:
9221:
9220:
9215:
9210:
9205:
9200:
9194:
9192:
9188:
9187:
9185:
9184:
9177:
9169:
9167:
9163:
9162:
9160:
9159:
9152:
9144:
9142:
9138:
9137:
9135:
9134:
9129:
9124:
9119:
9114:
9112:Merritt Ruhlen
9109:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9049:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9018:
9016:
9012:
9011:
9009:
9008:
9003:
8998:
8993:
8991:Dené–Caucasian
8988:
8983:
8978:
8973:
8968:
8963:
8958:
8953:
8948:
8943:
8935:
8933:
8929:
8928:
8926:
8925:
8920:
8915:
8910:
8908:Proto-language
8905:
8900:
8895:
8890:
8885:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8849:
8847:
8843:
8842:
8836:
8834:
8833:
8826:
8819:
8811:
8802:
8801:
8796:
8795:
8793:
8792:
8787:
8785:Classification
8782:
8777:
8776:
8775:
8765:
8759:
8757:
8753:
8752:
8750:
8749:
8744:
8739:
8734:
8729:
8724:
8719:
8714:
8709:
8704:
8699:
8694:
8688:
8686:
8682:
8681:
8679:
8678:
8673:
8671:Mamoré–Guaporé
8668:
8662:
8660:
8654:
8653:
8651:
8650:
8645:
8643:Wamo–Chapakura
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8623:Moseten–Chonan
8620:
8615:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8548:Macro-Chibchan
8545:
8543:Macro-Arawakan
8540:
8535:
8529:
8527:
8523:
8522:
8519:
8518:
8516:
8515:
8508:
8501:
8495:
8493:
8485:
8484:
8482:
8481:
8476:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8450:
8449:
8442:
8435:
8430:
8418:
8416:
8409:
8408:
8406:
8405:
8398:
8391:
8386:
8379:
8378:
8377:
8372:
8361:
8353:
8351:
8343:
8342:
8340:
8339:
8332:
8325:
8318:
8311:
8304:
8297:
8290:
8285:
8278:
8271:
8264:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8240:
8234:
8232:
8230:Mamoré–Guaporé
8226:
8225:
8223:
8222:
8215:
8214:
8213:
8206:
8198:
8197:
8196:
8191:
8186:
8174:
8172:
8165:
8164:
8162:
8161:
8160:
8159:
8154:
8143:
8136:
8129:
8122:
8115:
8108:
8101:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8071:
8069:
8058:
8057:
8055:
8054:
8053:
8052:
8045:
8034:
8028:
8026:
8018:
8017:
8015:
8014:
8007:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7982:
7980:
7972:
7971:
7969:
7968:
7961:
7956:
7951:
7950:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7928:
7920:
7918:
7899:
7898:
7896:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7868:
7861:
7853:
7851:
7839:
7838:
7835:
7834:
7832:
7831:
7826:
7819:
7812:
7806:
7804:
7794:
7793:
7786:
7781:
7774:
7767:
7766:
7765:
7758:
7751:
7738:
7732:
7730:
7719:
7718:
7716:
7715:
7708:
7701:
7694:
7687:
7680:
7673:
7666:
7659:
7652:
7645:
7638:
7631:
7624:
7619:
7613:
7611:
7610:Eastern Brazil
7607:
7606:
7603:
7602:
7600:
7599:
7591:
7584:
7577:
7570:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7532:
7530:
7521:
7520:
7513:
7505:
7503:
7494:
7493:
7485:
7483:
7477:
7476:
7459:
7457:
7456:
7449:
7442:
7434:
7425:
7424:
7422:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7404:Classification
7400:
7398:
7394:
7393:
7391:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7378:Macro-Chibchan
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7354:
7352:
7348:
7347:
7344:
7343:
7340:
7339:
7337:
7336:
7329:
7322:
7314:
7312:
7303:
7302:
7297:
7289:
7287:
7279:
7278:
7276:
7275:
7267:
7260:
7253:
7246:
7241:
7234:
7233:
7232:
7225:
7213:
7211:Tequistlatecan
7208:
7201:
7194:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7169:
7167:
7159:
7158:
7155:
7154:
7152:
7151:
7144:
7136:
7134:
7124:
7123:
7116:
7109:
7102:
7094:
7092:
7085:
7084:
7081:
7080:
7078:
7077:
7070:
7063:
7056:
7049:
7041:
7039:
7029:
7028:
7021:
7014:
7007:
7000:
6993:
6986:
6978:
6976:
6968:
6967:
6965:
6964:
6957:
6950:
6944:
6942:
6934:
6933:
6931:
6930:
6923:
6916:
6909:
6902:
6895:
6890:
6883:
6876:
6874:Tequistlatecan
6871:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6848:
6846:
6839:
6838:
6835:
6834:
6832:
6831:
6826:
6818:
6816:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6805:
6798:
6793:
6787:
6785:
6778:
6777:
6775:
6774:
6769:
6762:
6754:
6752:
6742:
6741:
6736:
6735:
6734:
6729:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6701:
6699:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6688:
6681:
6674:
6669:
6661:
6659:
6652:
6651:
6649:
6648:
6643:
6636:
6628:
6626:
6619:
6618:
6616:
6615:
6608:
6601:
6593:
6591:
6585:
6584:
6582:
6581:
6574:
6567:
6559:
6557:
6551:
6550:
6548:
6547:
6540:
6532:
6530:
6521:
6520:
6513:
6506:
6499:
6492:
6485:
6478:
6471:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6446:
6444:
6438:
6437:
6428:
6426:
6425:
6418:
6411:
6403:
6394:
6393:
6391:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6376:
6373:
6372:
6370:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6307:Mound Builders
6304:
6299:
6294:
6292:Medicine wheel
6289:
6284:
6282:Horned Serpent
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6233:
6232:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6206:
6204:
6200:
6199:
6197:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6140:
6138:
6132:
6131:
6129:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6021:Roberts Island
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5956:Old Stone Fort
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5921:Moaning Cavern
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5871:Kincaid Mounds
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5751:Cuarenta Casas
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5706:Bluefish Caves
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5672:
5670:
5667:Archaeological
5664:
5663:
5661:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5564:
5563:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5535:
5534:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5465:Caloosahatchee
5462:
5457:
5452:
5450:Caborn-Welborn
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5401:
5399:
5396:Archaeological
5393:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5345:
5343:
5342:
5335:
5328:
5320:
5311:
5310:
5307:
5306:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5225:
5217:
5216:
5205:
5182:
5157:
5146:
5142:
5141:
5120:
5099:
5086:
5069:
5068:Notable Rulers
5065:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5040:
5039:
5037:Neo-Inca State
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5011:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4986:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4936:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4911:
4910:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4855:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4830:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4808:
4803:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4782:
4771:
4766:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4715:
4704:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4678:
4673:
4669:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4256:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4206:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4038:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
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3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
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3811:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3800:
3792:
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3788:
3786:
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3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3722:
3720:
3719:Related topics
3716:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
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3605:
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3575:
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3565:
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3537:
3536:
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3520:
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3511:
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3428:
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3409:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3381:
3379:
3375:
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3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3350:
3348:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3316:Medicine wheel
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3227:Classification
3224:
3219:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3176:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3156:
3151:
3145:
3143:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3067:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3028:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2998:Sint Eustatius
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2943:Cayman Islands
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2912:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2895:
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2800:
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2777:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2747:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2720:
2706:
2705:External links
2703:
2701:
2700:
2674:
2668:
2643:
2604:
2598:
2580:
2557:
2536:
2530:
2505:
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2428:
2422:
2389:
2382:
2371:
2367:(2), 202-229.
2357:
2351:
2326:
2303:
2292:
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2241:
2230:
2219:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2183:
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2149:
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2131:
2120:
2095:
2084:
2081:
2066:
2055:
2040:
2029:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2006:
1985:10.1086/200380
1979:(3): 317–319.
1959:
1950:
1941:
1932:
1923:
1911:
1902:
1893:
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1659:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1640:Merritt Ruhlen
1637:
1632:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1461:Ge–Pano–Carib
1459:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1099:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1000:
995:
988:Macro-Chibchan
976:
975:
974:
973:
972:
967:
962:
954:
953:
952:
951:
950:
949:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
922:
921:
916:
911:
903:
902:
901:
896:
888:
887:
886:
881:
876:
868:
863:
862:
861:
856:
851:
850:
849:
848:
847:
842:
834:
829:
813:
812:
811:
810:
809:
804:
799:
794:
784:
783:
782:
781:
780:
775:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
735:
730:
729:
728:
723:
718:
713:
705:
700:
695:
690:
677:
676:
675:
674:
673:
672:
671:
666:
658:
653:
648:
638:
637:
636:
635:
634:
629:
624:
614:
609:
584:
575:
574:
573:
572:
571:
570:
563:
556:
549:
546:
543:
539:Ge–Pano–Carib
537:
536:
535:
532:
531:Macro-Tucanoan
529:
526:
520:
519:
518:
513:
503:
496:
491:
486:
476:
471:
456:
451:
450:Classification
448:
444:Morris Swadesh
424:
421:
409:
406:
385:Main article:
381:
380:
370:
364:
361:
355:
354:
348:
340:
335:
329:
328:
322:
316:
311:
305:
304:
298:
292:
287:
281:
280:
274:
268:
263:
257:
256:
250:
245:
242:
236:
235:
232:
229:
226:
216:
213:
173:
170:
127:Merritt Ruhlen
110:
109:
106:
98:
97:
92:
86:
85:
84:
83:
80:
77:
72:
69:
68:Hokan–Penutian
66:
61:
57:
56:
53:
47:
46:
41:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9293:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9274:
9272:
9269:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9259:
9258:
9256:
9243:
9235:
9231:
9225:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9199:
9196:
9195:
9193:
9189:
9183:
9182:
9178:
9176:
9175:
9171:
9170:
9168:
9164:
9158:
9157:
9156:Mother Tongue
9153:
9151:
9150:
9146:
9145:
9143:
9139:
9133:
9130:
9128:
9125:
9123:
9120:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9110:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9048:
9047:Vladimir Dybo
9045:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9027:Václav Blažek
9025:
9023:
9022:John Bengtson
9020:
9019:
9017:
9013:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8984:
8982:
8979:
8977:
8974:
8972:
8969:
8967:
8964:
8962:
8959:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8949:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8941:
8937:
8936:
8934:
8930:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8914:
8911:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8850:
8848:
8844:
8840:
8832:
8827:
8825:
8820:
8818:
8813:
8812:
8809:
8791:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8781:
8778:
8774:
8771:
8770:
8769:
8766:
8764:
8761:
8760:
8758:
8754:
8748:
8747:French Guiana
8745:
8743:
8740:
8738:
8735:
8733:
8730:
8728:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8718:
8715:
8713:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8698:
8695:
8693:
8690:
8689:
8687:
8683:
8677:
8674:
8672:
8669:
8667:
8664:
8663:
8661:
8659:
8655:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8603:Je–Tupi–Carib
8601:
8599:
8598:Hibito–Cholon
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8578:Macro-Warpean
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8530:
8528:
8524:
8514:
8513:
8509:
8507:
8506:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8486:
8480:
8477:
8475:
8472:
8470:
8467:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8448:
8447:
8443:
8441:
8440:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8425:
8424:
8420:
8419:
8417:
8414:
8410:
8404:
8403:
8399:
8397:
8396:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8384:
8380:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8367:
8366:
8362:
8360:
8359:
8355:
8354:
8352:
8349:
8344:
8338:
8337:
8333:
8331:
8330:
8326:
8324:
8323:
8319:
8317:
8316:
8312:
8310:
8309:
8305:
8303:
8302:
8298:
8296:
8295:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8283:
8279:
8277:
8276:
8272:
8270:
8269:
8265:
8263:
8262:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8245:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8235:
8233:
8231:
8227:
8221:
8220:
8216:
8212:
8211:
8207:
8205:
8202:
8201:
8199:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8187:
8185:
8182:
8181:
8180:
8176:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8166:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8149:
8148:
8144:
8142:
8141:
8137:
8135:
8134:
8130:
8128:
8127:
8123:
8121:
8120:
8116:
8114:
8113:
8109:
8107:
8106:
8102:
8100:
8099:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8082:Hibito–Cholon
8080:
8078:
8077:
8073:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8063:
8059:
8051:
8050:
8046:
8044:
8043:Cañari–Puruhá
8041:
8040:
8039:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8019:
8013:
8012:
8008:
8006:
8005:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7988:
7984:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7973:
7967:
7966:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7934:
7933:
7929:
7927:
7926:
7922:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7912:
7908:
7904:
7900:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7873:
7869:
7867:
7866:
7862:
7860:
7859:
7855:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7845:
7840:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7824:
7820:
7818:
7817:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7807:
7805:
7803:
7798:
7792:
7791:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7779:
7775:
7773:
7772:
7768:
7764:
7763:
7759:
7757:
7756:
7752:
7750:
7749:
7745:
7744:
7743:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7724:
7720:
7714:
7713:
7709:
7707:
7706:
7702:
7700:
7699:
7695:
7693:
7692:
7688:
7686:
7685:
7681:
7679:
7678:
7674:
7672:
7671:
7667:
7665:
7664:
7660:
7658:
7657:
7653:
7651:
7650:
7646:
7644:
7643:
7639:
7637:
7636:
7632:
7630:
7629:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7614:
7612:
7608:
7598:
7597:
7592:
7590:
7589:
7585:
7583:
7582:
7578:
7576:
7575:
7571:
7569:
7568:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7533:
7531:
7529:
7525:
7519:
7518:
7514:
7512:
7511:
7507:
7506:
7504:
7502:
7501:Je–Tupi–Carib
7498:
7492:
7491:
7487:
7486:
7484:
7478:
7472:
7471:Campbell 2012
7466:
7465:South America
7462:
7455:
7450:
7448:
7443:
7441:
7436:
7435:
7432:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7401:
7399:
7395:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7355:
7353:
7349:
7335:
7334:
7330:
7328:
7327:
7323:
7321:
7320:
7316:
7315:
7313:
7311:
7307:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7295:
7291:
7290:
7288:
7284:
7280:
7273:
7272:
7268:
7266:
7265:
7261:
7259:
7258:
7254:
7252:
7251:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7239:
7235:
7231:
7230:
7226:
7224:
7223:
7219:
7218:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7206:
7202:
7200:
7199:
7195:
7193:
7192:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7175:
7171:
7170:
7168:
7164:
7160:
7150:
7149:
7145:
7143:
7142:
7138:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7131:Calusa–Tunica
7128:
7122:
7121:
7117:
7115:
7114:
7110:
7108:
7107:
7103:
7101:
7100:
7096:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7086:
7076:
7075:
7071:
7069:
7068:
7064:
7062:
7061:
7057:
7055:
7054:
7050:
7048:
7047:
7043:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7033:
7027:
7026:
7022:
7020:
7019:
7015:
7013:
7012:
7008:
7006:
7005:
7001:
6999:
6998:
6994:
6992:
6991:
6987:
6985:
6984:
6980:
6979:
6977:
6973:
6969:
6963:
6962:
6958:
6956:
6955:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6945:
6943:
6941:
6935:
6929:
6928:
6924:
6922:
6921:
6917:
6915:
6914:
6910:
6908:
6907:
6903:
6901:
6900:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6888:
6884:
6882:
6881:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6869:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6840:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6824:
6820:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6810:
6804:
6803:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6779:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6767:
6763:
6761:
6760:
6756:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6746:
6740:
6737:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6727:
6723:
6722:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6693:
6687:
6686:
6682:
6680:
6679:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6667:
6663:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6653:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6641:
6637:
6635:
6634:
6630:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6620:
6614:
6613:
6609:
6607:
6606:
6602:
6600:
6599:
6595:
6594:
6592:
6590:
6586:
6580:
6579:
6575:
6573:
6572:
6568:
6566:
6565:
6561:
6560:
6558:
6556:
6552:
6546:
6545:
6541:
6539:
6538:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6529:
6525:
6519:
6518:
6514:
6512:
6511:
6507:
6505:
6504:
6500:
6498:
6497:
6493:
6491:
6490:
6486:
6484:
6483:
6479:
6477:
6476:
6472:
6470:
6469:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6452:
6448:
6447:
6445:
6439:
6435:
6434:North America
6431:
6424:
6419:
6417:
6412:
6410:
6405:
6404:
6401:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6378:
6377:
6374:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6267:Falcon dancer
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6231:
6228:
6227:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6203:Miscellaneous
6201:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6174:Melbourne Man
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6164:La Brea Woman
6162:
6160:
6159:Kennewick Man
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6141:
6139:
6133:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6051:Serpent Mound
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
6001:Pueblo Bonito
5999:
5997:
5996:Poverty Point
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5981:Pinson Mounds
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5971:Painted Bluff
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5851:Horr's Island
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5781:Effigy Mounds
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5746:Crystal River
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5665:
5659:
5658:Weeden Island
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5623:Safety Harbor
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5613:Poverty Point
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5593:Paleo-Indians
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5561:
5557:
5556:
5555:
5554:Mississippian
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5532:
5528:
5527:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5394:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5356:
5355:
5352:
5348:
5341:
5336:
5334:
5329:
5327:
5322:
5321:
5318:
5304:
5303:
5290:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5232:
5228:
5223:
5214:
5209:
5206:
5203:
5197:
5191:
5186:
5183:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5161:
5158:
5155:
5154:Hernán Cortés
5150:
5147:
5143:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5070:
5066:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5041:
5038:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5012:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4987:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4962:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4937:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4881:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4856:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4831:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4817:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4800:
4797:
4794:
4791:
4786:
4783:
4780:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4763:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4738:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4724:
4719:
4716:
4713:
4708:
4705:
4701:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4687:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4670:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4645:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4616:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4592:
4587:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4202:South America
4199:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4025:
4024:Weeden Island
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3999:Poverty Point
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3964:Mississippian
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3891:North America
3888:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3861:Paleo-Indians
3859:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3841:
3836:
3834:
3829:
3827:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3638:South America
3635:
3629:
3628:United States
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3555:North America
3552:
3549:
3545:Modern groups
3543:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3513:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3408:South America
3406:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3331:Turtle Island
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:North America
3287:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3253:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3217:Paleo-Indians
3215:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3197:
3192:
3190:
3185:
3183:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3162:
3157:
3155:
3154:French Guiana
3152:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3138:
3133:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3049:
3044:
3042:
3037:
3035:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2905:
2899:
2898:United States
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2756:
2754:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2721:
2719:
2718:0-8047-1315-4
2715:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2671:
2669:1-902937-25-2
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2599:957-9268-55-X
2595:
2591:
2587:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2570:(24): 69–70,
2569:
2568:
2567:Mother Tongue
2563:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2547:(24): 60–61,
2546:
2545:Mother Tongue
2542:
2537:
2533:
2531:0-8047-2321-4
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2470:(23): 72–73,
2469:
2468:Mother Tongue
2465:
2460:
2456:
2454:0-912933-09-7
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2429:
2425:
2423:0-8153-0615-6
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2381:(3), 324-351.
2380:
2376:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2352:0-226-58056-3
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2324:
2323:0-521-29875-X
2320:
2316:
2315:0-521-23228-7
2312:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2272:on 2010-12-25
2268:
2264:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2165:
2162:
2161:0-16-048774-9
2158:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2078:0-19-509427-1
2075:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2052:0-912933-09-7
2049:
2045:
2041:
2039:(2), 230-233.
2038:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1963:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1921:Campbell 1988
1918:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1900:Matisoff 1990
1897:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1873:Campbell 1997
1870:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1842:on 2016-04-11
1838:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1779:
1778:wold.clld.org
1775:
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1760:
1757:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1717:
1714:
1711:Campbell 1988
1708:
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1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1028:Yunca–Puruhan
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
990:
989:
986:
985:
983:
982:
980:
979:
977:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
957:
955:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
904:
900:
897:
895:
892:
891:
889:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
871:
869:
867:
864:
860:
857:
855:
852:
846:
843:
841:
838:
837:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
823:Karok–Shasta
822:
821:
819:
818:
817:
814:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
789:
788:
785:
779:
776:
774:
771:
770:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
740:
739:
736:
734:
731:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
708:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
684:
681:
680:
678:
670:
667:
665:
662:
661:
660:Siouan–Yuchi
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
643:
642:
639:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
619:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
604:
603:
600:
599:
597:
596:
594:
593:
591:
590:
589:
586:
585:
583:
581:
569:
568:
564:
562:
561:
557:
555:
554:
550:
547:
544:
541:
540:
538:
533:
530:
527:
524:
523:
521:
517:
514:
512:
509:
508:
507:
504:
502:
501:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
484:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
466:
463:
462:
461:
458:
457:
455:
449:
447:
445:
440:
436:
434:
430:
422:
420:
417:
415:
407:
405:
402:
398:
394:
388:
379:
375:
371:
369:
365:
362:
360:
357:
356:
353:
349:
347:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
330:
326:
323:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
306:
302:
299:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
282:
278:
275:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
258:
255:
251:
249:
246:
243:
241:
238:
237:
233:
230:
227:
224:
223:
214:
212:
210:
206:
202:
197:
195:
190:
188:
183:
179:
171:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
104:
99:
96:
93:
91:
87:
82:Ge–Pano–Carib
81:
78:
73:
70:
67:
64:
63:
62:
54:
52:
48:
45:
42:
36:
31:
19:
9179:
9172:
9154:
9147:
9092:Sorin Paliga
9006:Indo-Pacific
8950:
8938:
8913:Swadesh list
8647:
8633:Saparo–Yawan
8583:Arutani–Sape
8568:Macro-Panoan
8563:Macro-Paesan
8553:Macro-Jibaro
8538:Macro-Andean
8510:
8503:
8474:Lule–Vilelan
8444:
8437:
8400:
8393:
8381:
8356:
8334:
8327:
8320:
8313:
8306:
8299:
8292:
8280:
8273:
8266:
8259:
8242:
8217:
8208:
8147:Saparo–Yawan
8138:
8131:
8124:
8117:
8110:
8103:
8096:
8076:Pano–Tacanan
8074:
8047:
8009:
8002:
7985:
7979:and Ecuador)
7963:
7923:
7870:
7863:
7856:
7821:
7814:
7788:
7776:
7769:
7760:
7753:
7746:
7742:Arutani–Sape
7710:
7703:
7696:
7689:
7682:
7675:
7668:
7661:
7654:
7647:
7640:
7633:
7626:
7594:
7586:
7579:
7572:
7565:
7515:
7508:
7488:
7482:and isolates
7368:Aztec–Tanoan
7357:
7331:
7324:
7319:Guanahatabey
7317:
7310:Pre-Arawakan
7292:
7269:
7262:
7255:
7248:
7236:
7227:
7220:
7205:Oto-Manguean
7203:
7196:
7189:
7172:
7163:Mesoamerican
7146:
7139:
7118:
7111:
7104:
7097:
7072:
7065:
7058:
7051:
7044:
7023:
7016:
7009:
7002:
6995:
6988:
6981:
6972:Coahuiltecan
6959:
6952:
6925:
6918:
6911:
6904:
6897:
6885:
6878:
6866:
6821:
6800:
6782:Coast Oregon
6764:
6757:
6724:
6683:
6676:
6664:
6656:Macro-Siouan
6638:
6631:
6610:
6603:
6596:
6576:
6569:
6562:
6542:
6535:
6515:
6508:
6501:
6494:
6487:
6480:
6473:
6466:
6449:
6443:and isolates
6367:Water glyphs
6322:Oasisamerica
6312:N.A.G.P.R.A.
6272:Folsom point
6262:Effigy mound
6242:Clovis point
6210:Aridoamerica
6111:Wickiup Hill
6066:Spiro Mounds
6046:Salmon Ruins
6041:Russell Cave
5836:Helen Blazes
5831:Grimes Point
5811:Fort Juelson
5801:Fort Ancient
5776:El Vallecito
5736:Chaco Canyon
5676:Angel Mounds
5638:Steed-Kisker
5588:Paleo-Arctic
5510:Glacial Kame
5495:Fort Ancient
5387:Post-Classic
5358:
5293:
5226:
5076:Moctezuma II
5033:Inca history
4958:Andean Music
4902:Architecture
4897:Architecture
4892:Architecture
4887:Architecture
4883:Architecture
4877:Gender Roles
4622:Tenochtitlan
4545:Timoto–Cuica
4540:Tierradentro
4325:Casma–Sechin
4057:Chalcatzingo
3802:
3795:
3517:colonization
3321:The red road
3311:Medicine man
3306:Great Spirit
3137:Dependencies
3003:Sint Maarten
2983:Saint Martin
2679:
2651:
2616:
2612:
2585:
2565:
2544:
2513:
2492:
2488:
2467:
2436:
2397:
2385:
2378:
2374:
2364:
2360:
2334:
2306:
2299:
2295:
2288:
2284:
2274:, retrieved
2267:the original
2254:
2237:
2233:
2226:
2222:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2134:
2127:
2123:
2103:
2091:
2087:
2069:
2062:
2058:
2043:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2019:
1976:
1972:
1962:
1953:
1944:
1939:Goddard 1990
1935:
1930:Goddard 1987
1926:
1905:
1896:
1891:Goddard 1996
1887:
1878:
1869:
1844:. Retrieved
1837:the original
1824:
1816:
1811:
1792:
1781:. Retrieved
1777:
1768:
1759:
1748:. Retrieved
1744:
1735:
1716:
1707:
1698:
1693:Ruhlen 1994b
1689:
1684:Ruhlen 1994a
1680:
1671:
1655:Eskimo–Aleut
1623:
1525:Pano–Tacanan
1495:Macro-Panoan
1464:Macro-Carib
1398:Kaliana–Maku
1035:Macro-Paezan
970:Oto-Manguean
931:Tequistlatec
926:Coahuiltecan
587:
579:
577:
565:
558:
551:
545:Macro-Panoan
498:
494:Oto-Manguean
489:Aztec-Tanoan
459:
453:
441:
437:
426:
418:
411:
396:
392:
390:
377:
373:
367:
351:
345:
342:
324:
318:
300:
294:
276:
270:
253:
247:
198:
194:Edward Sapir
191:
175:
165:
162:genealogical
153:
151:
146:
139:Eskimo–Aleut
121:proposed by
114:
113:
94:
60:Subdivisions
40:distribution
9102:Ilia Peiros
8986:Sino-Uralic
8981:Indo-Uralic
8976:Ural-Altaic
8940:Proto-human
8888:Macrofamily
8837:Long-range
8628:Quechumaran
8588:Bora–Witoto
8488:Far South (
8389:Uru–Chipaya
8365:Quechumaran
8250:Nambikwaran
7932:Bora–Witoto
7829:Ticuna–Yuri
7373:Macro-Mayan
7238:Uto-Aztecan
7216:Totozoquean
7046:Coahuilteco
6857:Palaihnihan
6739:Tsimshianic
6352:Thunderbird
6220:Black drink
6184:Peñon woman
6121:Winterville
6101:Velda Mound
6081:Taos Pueblo
5976:Parkin Park
5961:Orwell site
5946:Nodena site
5841:Holly Bluff
5816:Four Mounds
5806:Fort Center
5731:Casa Grande
5681:Anzick site
5573:Monongahela
5500:Fort Walton
5475:Coles Creek
5440:Belle Glade
5425:Anishinaabe
5139:Túpac Amaru
5123:Manco Cápac
5072:Moctezuma I
4983:Agriculture
4978:Agriculture
4973:Agriculture
4964:Agriculture
4907:Road System
4796:Mathematics
4661:Muysc Cubun
4515:San Agustín
4465:Monte Verde
4142:Teotihuacan
4034:Mesoamerica
3929:Coles Creek
3914:Anishinaabe
3871:Archaeology
3726:Ethnobotany
3583:El Salvador
3485:Visual arts
3354:Cosmovision
3340:Mesoamerica
3301:Fifth World
3267:Mythologies
3232:Archaeology
3210:Pre-history
2973:Puerto Rico
2883:Saint Lucia
2833:El Salvador
2135:Linguistics
2106:, Leipzig:
1909:Rankin 1992
1882:Mithun 1999
1702:Ruhlen 2004
1567:Ge–Kaingang
1510:Lule–Vilela
1473:Bora–Uitoto
1443:Ticuna–Yuri
1262:(including
1208:Equatorial
1005:(including
965:Uto-Aztekan
890:Seri–Yuman
707:California
548:Macro-Carib
483:Macro-Mayan
290:Uto-Aztecan
9255:Categories
8966:Eurasiatic
8499:Qawasqaran
8433:Guaicuruan
8402:Mapudungun
8238:Chapacuran
8152:Peba–Yagua
8087:Cahuapanan
8004:Yurumanguí
7588:Chiquitano
7561:Maxakalian
7469:(based on
7229:Mixe–Zoque
7198:Misumalpan
7120:Chitimacha
6612:Algonquian
6578:Athabaskan
6457:Yuki–Wappo
6297:Metallurgy
6257:Eden point
6154:Buhl Woman
6026:Rock Eagle
6016:River Styx
5941:Mummy Cave
5936:Moundville
5916:Mesa Verde
5901:Marksville
5648:Tchefuncte
5608:Plaquemine
5544:Las Palmas
5460:Calf Creek
5455:Cades Pond
5110:Tisquesusa
5084:Cuauhtémoc
5080:Cuitláhuac
4410:Lauricocha
4380:Gran Chaco
4370:Cupisnique
4355:Chinchorro
4330:Chachapoya
4320:Caral–Supe
4162:Tlaxcaltec
4152:Teuchitlán
4067:Chupícuaro
3994:Plum Bayou
3989:Plaquemine
3959:Marksville
3924:Chichimeca
3768:Philosophy
3573:Costa Rica
3547:by country
3378:Variations
3369:World tree
3326:Totem pole
3296:Arborglyph
2968:Montserrat
2963:Martinique
2958:Guadeloupe
2813:Costa Rica
2302:, 106-120.
2291:, 447-501.
2276:2008-07-22
2240:, 131-164.
2229:, 107-114.
2218:, 647-652.
2193:, 434-435.
2182:, 657-659.
2141:, 556-558.
2130:, 656-657.
2094:, 652-653.
2065:, 591-615.
2028:, 249-255.
2012:References
1957:Poser 1992
1948:Ringe 2000
1846:2017-09-08
1783:2022-07-02
1750:2022-07-02
1418:Nambikwara
1007:Misumalpan
946:Yurumangui
802:Mixe–Zoque
748:Chitimacha
641:Keresiouan
553:Nambikwara
469:Keresiouan
363:(isolate)
359:Mapudungun
244:(isolate)
209:Paul Rivet
172:Background
166:Amerindian
38:Geographic
9015:Linguists
8956:Nostratic
8763:Languages
8732:Venezuela
8692:Argentina
8685:Countries
8676:Amazonian
8288:Mosetenan
8282:Canichana
8194:Katukinan
8189:Harákmbut
8140:Tequiraca
8011:Esmeralda
7998:Barbacoan
7954:Guajiboan
7893:Jirajaran
7848:Venezuela
7784:Otomacoan
7736:Yanomaman
7727:Venezuela
7663:Pankararú
7581:Rikbaktsá
7383:Tolatecan
7283:Caribbean
7271:Alagüilac
7264:Purépecha
7250:Cuitlatec
7222:Totonacan
7180:Jicaquean
7099:Muskogean
7074:Mamulique
7060:Comecrudo
6990:Karankawa
6893:Jicaquean
6880:Chimariko
6829:Kalapuyan
6772:Sahaptian
6720:Yok-Utian
6705:Chinookan
6678:Iroquoian
6646:Chimakuan
6462:Chumashan
6342:Stickball
6031:Rock Hawk
5861:Key Marco
5653:Troyville
5633:St. Johns
5618:Red Ocher
5377:Formative
5131:Atahualpa
5127:Pachacuti
5102:Nemequene
4968:Chinampas
4790:Astronomy
4779:Astronomy
4759:Mythology
4754:Mythology
4749:Mythology
4744:Mythology
4740:Mythology
4570:Wankarani
4560:Tuncahuán
4450:Marajoara
4405:Las Vegas
4291:Atacameño
4187:Xochipala
4127:Purépecha
4087:Epi-Olmec
4077:Cuicuilco
4019:Troyville
4009:St. Johns
3763:Movements
3758:Languages
3706:Venezuela
3651:Argentina
3613:Nicaragua
3593:Guatemala
3588:Greenland
3280:Religions
3126:Venezuela
3071:Argentina
2953:Greenland
2868:Nicaragua
2843:Guatemala
2656:Cambridge
2639:1348-8570
2501:0257-9774
2489:Anthropos
2153:Languages
2146:Languages
2001:143498394
1745:aulex.org
1582:Mashakali
1557:Erikbatsa
1428:Pankaruru
1378:Catuquina
1368:Canichana
1292:Esmeralda
1250:Chapacura
1180:Mapudungu
1125:Cahuapana
1040:Allentiac
1018:Purépecha
993:Cuitlatec
832:Chimariko
753:Muskogean
688:Tsimshian
651:Iroquoian
622:Chimakuan
500:Purépecha
423:Reception
225:Language
152:The term
90:Glottolog
9242:Category
9141:Journals
8846:Concepts
8742:Suriname
8722:Paraguay
8707:Colombia
8469:Huarpean
8464:Charruan
8459:Zamucoan
8454:Mascoyan
8428:Matacoan
8370:Quechuan
8294:Yuracaré
8261:Cayubaba
8255:Bororoan
8210:Matanawí
8157:Zaparoan
8126:Taushiro
8098:Candoshi
8092:Jivaroan
7987:Chibchan
7977:Colombia
7942:Witotoan
7925:Tucanoan
7907:Colombia
7888:Timotean
7883:Tiniguan
7844:Colombia
7670:Tarairiú
7649:Katembri
7617:Karirian
7556:Krenakan
7541:Jabutian
7528:Macro-Jê
7490:Arawakan
7294:Arawakan
7174:Chibchan
7053:Cotoname
7011:Quinigua
6997:Maratino
6696:Penutian
6640:Wakashan
6633:Salishan
6544:Eskimoan
6528:Eskaleut
6230:Chanunpa
6215:Ballgame
6194:Vero man
6144:Anzick-1
6116:Windover
6076:SunWatch
6006:Rassawek
5826:Glenwood
5716:Brewster
5568:Mogollon
5539:La Jolla
5525:Hopewell
5485:Deptford
5398:cultures
5227:See also
5145:Conquest
5118:Zoratama
4785:Calendar
4774:Calendar
4769:Calendar
4765:Calendar
4734:Religion
4729:Religion
4718:Religion
4707:Religion
4703:Religion
4692:Numerals
4686:Numerals
4647:Language
4627:Multiple
4565:Valdivia
4550:Tiwanaku
4510:Saladoid
4505:Quimbaya
4395:Kuhikugu
4375:Diaguita
4365:Chorrera
4182:Veraguas
4177:Veracruz
4157:Tlatilco
3969:Mogollon
3876:Cultures
3854:Americas
3797:Category
3753:Identity
3736:Iroquois
3731:Cherokee
3696:Suriname
3686:Paraguay
3671:Colombia
3598:Honduras
3578:Dominica
3515:European
3490:Painting
3452:Colombia
3364:Religion
3359:Creation
3237:Genetics
3116:Suriname
3106:Paraguay
3091:Colombia
2918:Anguilla
2853:Honduras
2823:Dominica
2798:Barbados
2696:17922146
2684:Berkeley
2576:35315526
2553:35315526
2518:Stanford
2512:(1994),
2476:35315526
2402:New York
2333:(1992),
2296:Language
2252:(2007),
2223:Language
2102:(1880),
2059:Language
1855:cite web
1801:Archived
1774:"WOLD -"
1724:Archived
1617:See also
1552:Chiquito
1542:Botocudo
1532:Macro-Gê
1500:Charruan
1448:Tucanoan
1373:Capixana
1348:Yuracaré
1302:Kandoshi
1274:Cayuvava
1245:Maipuran
1235:Arawakan
1220:Katembri
1185:Gennaken
1175:Qawasqar
1065:Jirajara
1003:Chibchan
936:Subtiaba
919:Quinigua
914:Maratino
845:Achomawi
726:Yokutsan
683:Penutian
632:Wakashan
627:Salishan
542:Macro-Ge
528:Jivaroan
511:Chibchan
479:Penutian
314:Chibchan
215:Pronouns
44:Americas
9001:Austric
8951:Amerind
8717:Ecuador
8697:Bolivia
8648:Amerind
8446:Payaguá
8415:–Pampas
8383:Puquina
8375:Aymaran
8346:Andes (
8329:Irantxe
8268:Itonama
8133:Urarina
8119:Waorani
8112:Munichi
8105:Omurano
8049:Mochica
8038:Chimuan
7993:Chocoan
7965:Puinave
7959:Nadahup
7872:Andaquí
7842:Andes (
7810:Sáliban
7748:Arutani
7723:Orinoco
7510:Cariban
7358:Amerind
7333:Ciguayo
7326:Macorix
7300:Cariban
7274: ?
7133: ?
7113:Atakapa
7106:Natchez
7091: ?
7038: ?
7036:Pakawan
7025:Tonkawa
6983:Aranama
6938:Pueblo
6906:Salinan
6887:Esselen
6852:Shastan
6845: ?
6823:Takelma
6815: ?
6802:Siuslaw
6784: ?
6759:Klamath
6751: ?
6749:Plateau
6715:Maiduan
6710:Wintuan
6698: ?
6672:Caddoan
6658: ?
6625: ?
6564:Tlingit
6555:Na-Dene
6510:Waikuri
6503:Timucua
6496:Kutenai
6475:Beothuk
6379:Related
6237:Chunkey
6137:remains
6126:Wupatki
5966:Paquime
5856:Huápoca
5721:Cahokia
5691:Bastian
5598:Patayan
5520:Hohokam
5505:Fremont
5480:Comondú
5435:Baytown
5430:Avonlea
5410:Alachua
5382:Classic
5372:Archaic
5360:Periods
5114:Tundama
5043:Peoples
5028:History
5023:History
5018:History
5014:History
5008:Cuisine
5003:Cuisine
4998:Cuisine
4993:Cuisine
4989:Cuisine
4847:Warfare
4842:Warfare
4837:Warfare
4833:Warfare
4827:Society
4822:Economy
4811:Society
4806:Society
4802:Society
4672:Writing
4666:Quechua
4651:Nahuatl
4618:Capital
4555:Toyopán
4535:Tairona
4445:Mapuche
4360:Chiripa
4335:Chancay
4306:Cañaris
4281:Amotape
4276:El Abra
4192:Zapotec
4172:Totonac
4147:Tepanec
4132:Quelepa
4102:Mezcala
4092:Huastec
4062:Cholula
4052:Capacha
4047:Acolhua
4004:Sinagua
3979:Patayan
3949:Hohokam
3939:Fremont
3773:Studies
3701:Uruguay
3676:Ecuador
3656:Bolivia
3603:Jamaica
3502:Writers
3497:Artists
3457:Ecuador
3439:Culture
3420:Mapuche
3121:Uruguay
3096:Ecuador
3076:Bolivia
2948:Curaçao
2933:Bonaire
2928:Bermuda
2858:Jamaica
2838:Grenada
2793:Bahamas
2410:Bibcode
2339:Chicago
2317:(hbk);
2116:3961260
1993:2739615
1650:Na-Dené
1577:Kamakan
1520:Moseten
1438:Shukuru
1433:Puinave
1413:Muniche
1393:Iranshe
1383:Gamella
1363:Auixiri
1264:Puquina
1230:Tinigua
1225:Otomaco
1215:Guahibo
1167:Quechua
1160:Sechura
1145:Cholona
1140:Catacao
1105:Itucale
1093:Andean
1080:Timucua
1060:Itonama
1045:Atacama
1023:Yanomam
941:Jicaque
909:Waicuri
884:Esselen
879:Chumash
874:Salinan
807:Totonac
758:Natchez
743:Atakapa
711:Maiduan
703:Plateau
693:Chinook
656:Keresan
646:Caddoan
612:Kutenai
602:Almosan
588:Amerind
481:(incl.
465:Almosan
460:Amerind
338:Aymaran
309:Arhuaco
285:Nahuatl
228:Family
201:lumpers
154:Amerind
143:Na–Dene
115:Amerind
33:Amerind
8971:Altaic
8946:Borean
8737:Guyana
8702:Brazil
8505:Yaghan
8479:Chonan
8439:Guachí
8308:Aikanã
8275:Movima
8219:Trumai
8184:Arawan
8169:Amazon
8062:Amazon
7915:Vaupés
7911:Japurá
7903:Amazon
7878:Paezan
7790:Yaruro
7698:Xukurú
7642:Baenan
7635:Gamela
7628:Taruma
7622:Purían
7551:Karajá
7546:Kamakã
7517:Tupian
7388:Waroid
7244:Xincan
7185:Lencan
7148:Calusa
7141:Tunica
7018:Solano
7004:Naolan
6948:Tanoan
6862:Pomoan
6796:Coosan
6791:Alsean
6766:Molala
6726:Yokuts
6666:Siouan
6517:Pericú
6489:Cayuse
5796:Folsom
5761:Cutler
5696:Benson
5583:Oneota
5515:Glades
5490:Folsom
5470:Clovis
5367:Lithic
5057:Muisca
5052:Mayans
5047:Aztecs
4681:Script
4676:Script
4636:Bacatá
4607:Muisca
4490:Pucará
4485:Piaroa
4480:Paiján
4475:Omagua
4430:Lupaca
4425:Lokono
4390:Kalina
4385:Huetar
4345:Chavín
4340:Chango
4315:Nariño
4311:Capulí
4301:Calima
4296:Aymara
4286:Arawak
4167:Toltec
4117:Olmecs
4112:Nicoya
4107:Mixtec
4082:Diquis
3984:Picosa
3974:Oshara
3944:Glades
3934:Dorset
3804:Portal
3741:Navajo
3681:Guyana
3661:Brazil
3618:Panama
3608:Mexico
3568:Canada
3563:Belize
3425:Muisca
3347:Common
3101:Guyana
3081:Brazil
2873:Panama
2863:Mexico
2808:Canada
2803:Belize
2716:
2694:
2666:
2637:
2596:
2590:Taipei
2574:
2551:
2528:
2499:
2474:
2451:
2420:
2349:
2321:
2313:
2159:
2114:
2076:
2050:
2021:Lingua
1999:
1991:
1819:, 29.2
1602:Yabuti
1562:Fulnio
1547:Caraja
1537:Bororo
1505:Lengua
1483:Kukura
1468:Andoke
1408:Movima
1353:Zamuco
1338:Trumai
1333:Timote
1328:Taruma
1323:Piaroa
1314:Kariri
1307:Yaruro
1297:Jivaro
1195:Yamana
1130:Zaparo
1115:Sabela
1097:Aymara
1085:Warrao
1075:Paezan
960:Tanoan
859:Pomoan
840:Shasta
768:Yukian
763:Tunica
721:Wintun
698:Oregon
664:Siouan
567:Taruma
560:Huarpe
525:Andean
516:Paezan
414:ablaut
408:Gender
333:Aymara
261:Kiliwa
9166:Books
8756:Lists
8712:Chile
8666:Chaco
8512:Chono
8490:Chile
8413:Chaco
8395:Kunza
8358:Culle
8336:Arara
8322:Kwazá
8315:Kanoê
8204:Muran
7937:Boran
7917:area)
7865:Camsá
7858:Cofán
7816:Betoi
7778:Guamo
7771:Warao
7684:Wamoé
7596:Guató
7574:Ofayé
7567:Jaikó
7397:Lists
7257:Huave
7191:Mayan
7067:Garza
6954:Keres
6920:Washo
6899:Karuk
6868:Yuman
6843:Hokan
6732:Utian
6685:Yuchi
6623:Mosan
6605:Yurok
6598:Wiyot
6589:Algic
6537:Aleut
6482:Bidai
6451:Haida
6327:Piasa
6135:Human
5766:Eaker
5669:sites
5603:Plano
5405:Adena
5062:Incas
4953:Music
4948:Music
4943:Music
4939:Music
4872:Women
4867:Women
4862:Women
4858:Women
4816:Trade
4697:Quipu
4641:Cusco
4632:Hunza
4597:Aztec
4530:Taíno
4525:Sican
4520:Shuar
4470:Nazca
4460:Mollo
4455:Moche
4435:Luzia
4350:Chimú
4122:Pipil
4097:Izapa
4072:Coclé
4014:Thule
3904:Adena
3778:Trade
3666:Chile
3480:Music
3447:Andes
3395:Olmec
3385:Aztec
3086:Chile
2923:Aruba
2848:Haiti
2621:Tokyo
2619:(3),
2270:(PDF)
2259:(PDF)
1997:S2CID
1989:JSTOR
1840:(PDF)
1833:(PDF)
1663:Notes
1587:Opaie
1572:Guató
1488:Yagua
1478:Carib
1403:Koaia
1388:Huari
1343:Tusha
1287:Cofán
1279:Coche
1255:Guamo
1240:Arawa
1150:Culli
1110:Mayna
1055:Chimu
1050:Betoi
998:Lenca
899:Yuman
866:Washo
827:Karok
816:Hokan
797:Mayan
792:Huave
778:Wappo
669:Yuchi
617:Mosan
607:Algic
474:Hokan
266:Yuman
240:Karok
8727:Peru
8533:Duho
8348:Peru
8301:Leco
8244:Mure
8066:Peru
8023:Peru
7846:and
7823:Hodï
7802:Duho
7762:Máku
7755:Sapé
7705:Yaté
7691:Xokó
7677:Tuxá
7656:Natú
7089:Gulf
6961:Zuni
6927:Yana
6913:Seri
6571:Eyak
6468:Adai
6287:Kiva
4852:Army
4634:and
4612:Inca
4602:Maya
4580:Zenú
4575:Wari
4420:Lima
3746:Zuni
3691:Peru
3642:list
3462:Peru
3415:Inca
3390:Maya
3111:Peru
2993:Saba
2818:Cuba
2722:The
2714:ISBN
2692:OCLC
2664:ISBN
2635:ISSN
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2572:OCLC
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2497:ISSN
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2157:ISBN
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234:2sg
231:1sg
180:and
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4933:Art
4928:Art
4923:Art
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