300:. Both claimed to be the heirs to the late prime minister's legacy and both sought to become president of UPRONA in his wake. Muhirwa initially claimed the presidency, arguing that since he had taken over Rwagasore's place in government he was entitled to lead the party. Mirerekano contested this on the grounds that Rwagasore had made him interim party president in mid-1961. A caucus of several UPRONA leaders met on 4 July 1962 to settle the dispute and confirmed Muhirwa's ascension to the party presidency. Mirerekano refused to concede, and at the Mwami's intervention, an UPRONA mass congress was held in September, which led to both men being assigned vice presidencies in the party. The leadership dispute led to the coalescing of two factions in the party, with Muhirwa leading the "Casablanca group" and Mirekano leading the "Monrovia group". The former was generally anti-
289:. Following UPRONA's victory in September, Rwagosore appointed Muhirwa as Minister of the Interior in his government. On 13 October Rwagosore was assassinated, and Muhirwa was appointed Prime Minister of Burundi to replace him on 19 October. The Legislative Assembly gave him its confidence in a vote, 50 to two. Jean Ntiruhama replaced him as Minister of Interior. At the Legislative Assembly's session on 22 October Muhirwa, citing the distraction of "recent events", declined to offer a government program and the body sat aimlessly for the next few months. He accused the Belgian administration, namely Governor-General
1286:
346:—for allegedly conspiring against the government, but the Mwami intervened and ordered their release. The Legislative Assembly, in direct opposition to Muhirwa's government subsequently appointed Siryuyumunsi and two other opposition figures to the Mwami's Crown Council on 22 May. On 1 June, Muhirwa announced his appointment of a new Minister of Public Works. This prompted the Mwami to deny the selection, arguing that the crown was entitled to choose its ministers. On 7 June a
1292:
270:. The marriage was part of a deal struck by Muhirwa with the monarchy to assume his father's chiefdom, with the assistance of Chiefs Ntitendereza and Barusasiyeko. He was granted the chiefdom the following year. Afterwards he became a staunch supporter of Bezi lineage Ganwa and grew close to the monarchy. He retained good relations with the Mwami even after he separated from Iribagiza.
293:, of being complicit in Rwagasore's murder, though he vacillated on this position, at points expressing concern over the future of Belgian-Burundian relations but also facing pressure from his government and the public to condemn the Belgians. He attended the public execution of Rwagasore's killers in January 1963.
403:
While retiring upon his departure from the ambassadorship, Muhirwa remained engaged with politics in
Burundi and became an advocate for the fully-fledged recognition of the Ganwa as a separate ethnicity from Burundi's other major ethnic groups. In 2001, he co-founded the
350:
was tabled against his government in the
Legislative Assembly for his previous imprisonment of its presiding officer. Faced with growing parliamentary opposition and the monarchy's interventions, Muhirwa gave Mwambutsa his resignation that day. The Mwami appointed
355:
as the new prime minister. Despite this, Muhirwa retained his position in UPRONA and remained influential in national politics as the leader of the
Casablanca group. In 1964 he was made Minister of State in Prime Minister
285:, UPRONA)—Rwagosore's political party—becoming one of its vice-presidents by April 1960. In October 1960 he fled Urundi and went to Tanganyika, but returned in August 1961 to help Rwagosore prepare UPRONA for the
1010:
342:
During his tenure, Mwambutsa increasingly involved himself in national politics. In March 1963 Muhirwa ordered the arrest of three
Monrovia leaders—including President of the Legislative Assembly
327:
in
February 1962 to discuss the terms of Burundi's impending independence. He opposed the retention of Belgian troops in Urundi. He attended ceremonies to mark the independence of the
950:
256:. The chiefdom was distant from his place of origin, and he later recounted in an interview that while presiding over it he felt as if he were still in exile. In 1952 he married
1175:
232:
ethnicity. Following the death of his father in 1930 and his protests over the former's appointed successor, the
Belgian Residency forced him into exile with his brothers in
1421:
1426:
388:
331:
on 1 July 1962, and subsequently submitted
Burundi's request for membership to the United Nations. He also signed the promulgation order for the new
1168:
368:
395:
position with the
Bujumbura port authority, serving on its board of directors. From 1975 to 1976 he served as Burundi's ambassador to Tanzania.
1411:
1285:
332:
999:
980:
716:
376:
1416:
1161:
371:
later that year, he directed government retaliation against Hutu intellectuals. He was appointed
Minister of State under Prime Minister
286:
1019:
315:
237:
1108:
1085:
The
Constitutions of Burundi, Malagasy and Rwanda. A Comparison and Explanation of East African French Language Constitutions
659:
405:
213:
86:
1072:
236:. Muhirwa and his brothers returned to Burundi in late 1931. With the assistance of a Catholic priest, he studied at the
912:
Les enjeux et défis de la démocratisation au Burundi. Essai d'analyse et d'interprétation à partir des partis politiques
309:"The Government of Urundi seeks independence, not just autonomy. It wants to be responsible and knows that it can be."
1291:
324:
278:
209:
161:
109:
1184:
1135:
910:
201:
34:
296:
The death of Rwagosore stoked divisions in UPRONA, and fueled a rivalry between Muhirwa and a Hutu politician,
1363:
347:
343:
267:
233:
685:
1406:
1353:
890:
1323:
583:
1401:
1396:
951:
Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione dell'Istituto italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente
257:
171:
121:
1368:
1251:
1241:
1145:
352:
79:
1343:
1192:
959:
936:
328:
1104:
1088:
1064:
1042:
1023:
995:
976:
919:
336:
228:. He was the son of Mbanzabugabo, a prominent chief. He belonged to the Batare lineage of the
948:
Carbone, Carlo (March 2000). "Nazione, Nazionalisti, Decolonizzazione in Burundi 1958-1963".
391:
that November, he was arrested. He was later released and on 28 November 1967 appointed to a
1271:
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384:
364:
290:
204:
from 1961 to 1963. He became prime minister following the assassination of his predecessor,
1348:
1333:
1215:
380:
297:
274:
253:
241:
205:
67:
1266:
372:
304:
in its political orientation, while the latter took a more moderate stance on the West.
1210:
1390:
1338:
1313:
1261:
1246:
1202:
357:
301:
225:
143:
55:
643:
Brewer, Sam Pope (14 June 1962). "Urundi Tells U.N. It Wants No Foreign Troops".
894:
1055:
923:
858:
1153:
1092:
1068:
1046:
1027:
1036:
392:
963:
940:
1300:
240:, graduating in 1942. From then until 1944 he served as a clerk in the
973:
Meurtre Au Burundi : La Belgique et l'assassinat de Rwagasore
865:(in French). Agence burundaise d'information Net Press. 8 May 2003
262:
252:
In 1944 Muhirwa was granted the small chiefdom of Buhumuza in the
229:
918:(PhD thesis) (in French). Université Pau et des Pays de l'Adour.
200:(1920 – 28 April 2003) was a Burundian politician who served as
1157:
660:"Valentin Bankumuhari, le bras droit de Rwagasore s'est éteint"
788:
786:
859:"Le Burundi vient de perdre un des pères de l'indépendance"
455:
453:
451:
449:
599:
597:
436:
434:
432:
430:
428:
426:
424:
1087:, Occasional Paper no. 3, Syracuse: Syracuse University,
590:. Vol. X, no. 4. February 1963. p. 113.
1063:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
884:"Burundi: Monarchist party reportedly to be formed".
1299:
1229:
1200:
1191:
412:, PMP). He died on 28 April 2003 at the age of 83.
273:In 1958 Muhirwa became a supporter of Crown Prince
177:
167:
157:
149:
136:
131:
115:
103:
85:
73:
61:
51:
32:
21:
777:
975:(in French). Editions IWACU, Investig' Action.
307:
483:
1169:
931:"Le Burundi a la Recherche d'Une Stabilite".
8:
713:Daily Report : Foreign Radio Broadcasts
335:alongside Mwambutsa and Minister of Justice
994:(third ed.). Lanham: Scarecrow Press.
1197:
1176:
1162:
1154:
1117:
792:
741:
627:
615:
534:
459:
224:André Muhirwa was born in 1920 in Murete,
18:
840:
828:
816:
753:
638:
636:
558:
495:
440:
1020:Académie royale des Sciences d’Outre-Mer
765:
570:
546:
507:
1422:Union for National Progress politicians
853:
851:
849:
804:
729:
658:Mbazumutima, Abbas (17 December 2016).
471:
420:
363:In 1965, Muhirwa was co-opted into the
603:
524:. Reuters. 21 October 1961. p. 7.
375:on 15 March 1966. He orchestrated the
333:Constitution of the Kingdom of Burundi
99:September 1961 – October 1961
47:19 October 1961 – 7 June 1963
717:Foreign Broadcast Information Service
711:"Admission to United Nations Asked".
16:Prime Minister of Burundi (1920–2003)
7:
383:as Mwami Ntare V. Following Captain
1078:from the original on July 27, 2021.
584:"Burundi : Public Executions"
316:United Nations Trusteeship Council
212:(UPRONA), he previously served as
14:
1427:Burundian expatriates in Tanzania
1054:McDonald, Gordon C., ed. (1969).
935:(in French) (47): 235–241. 1963.
886:BBC Monitoring Africa – Political
1290:
1284:
1101:Historical Dictionary of Burundi
1041:. New York: Praeger Publishers.
992:Historical Dictionary of Burundi
323:Muhirwa led a delegation to the
216:from September to October 1961.
410:Parti Monarchiste Parlementaire
909:Banshimiyubusa, Denis (2018).
715:. No. 130. United States
406:Parliamentary Monarchist Party
283:Union pour le Progrès national
1:
1412:Interior ministers of Burundi
1103:. Metuchen: Scarecrow Press.
367:. Following the failure of
325:United Nations headquarters
279:Union for National Progress
210:Union for National Progress
1443:
1417:Prime ministers of Burundi
1185:Prime ministers of Burundi
1099:Weinstein, Warren (1976).
1083:Webster, John. B. (1964),
719:. 5 July 1962. p. I4.
686:"Today in History, July 1"
238:Groupe Scolaire de Astrida
110:Jean-Baptiste Ntidendereza
1377:
1359:post abolished, 1998–2020
1282:
1142:
1136:Prime Minister of Burundi
1133:
1125:
1120:
1057:Area Handbook for Burundi
1035:Lemarchand, René (1970).
990:Eggers, Ellen K. (2006).
690:Austin-American Statesman
520:"New Premier in Urundi".
202:prime minister of Burundi
191:
127:
92:
40:
35:Prime Minister of Burundi
28:
214:Minister of the Interior
87:Minister of the Interior
1329:post abolished, 1978–88
1319:post abolished, 1973–76
1309:post abolished, 1966–72
1018:(in French). Brussels:
1012:La Féodalité au Burundi
1009:Ghislain, Jean (1970).
971:De Witte, Ludo (2021).
778:Présence Africaine 1963
369:a Hutu-led coup attempt
348:motion of no confidence
268:Mwambutsa IV of Burundi
153:28 April 2003 (aged 83)
311:
260:, the daughter of the
277:and later joined the
184:Mbanzabugabo (father)
344:Thaddée Siryuyumunsi
258:Rosa Paula Iribagiza
172:Rose Paula Iribagiza
1301:Republic of Burundi
1230:Independent country
1146:Pierre Ngendandumwe
819:, pp. 194–195.
630:, pp. 351–352.
561:, pp. 280–281.
484:Banshimiyubusa 2018
353:Pierre Ngendandumwe
266:(king) of Burundi,
80:Pierre Ngendandumwe
1193:Kingdom of Burundi
1121:Political offices
1038:Rwanda and Burundi
933:Présence Africaine
645:The New York Times
522:The New York Times
329:Kingdom of Burundi
208:. A member of the
1384:
1383:
1280:
1279:
1152:
1151:
1143:Succeeded by
1001:978-0-8108-5302-7
982:978-2-930827-87-2
606:, pp. 95–96.
337:Claver Nuwinkware
244:District Office.
195:
194:
1434:
1294:
1288:
1198:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1155:
1129:Position created
1126:Preceded by
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1005:
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888:. 4 August 2001.
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385:Michel Micombero
319:
291:Jean-Paul Harroy
254:Ruyigi territory
248:Political career
132:Personal details
118:
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64:
45:
19:
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381:Charles Ndizeye
360:'s government.
321:
314:Muhirwa to the
313:
298:Paul Mirerekano
275:Louis Rwagasore
250:
222:
206:Louis Rwagasore
187:
158:Political party
141:
116:
104:
98:
93:
74:
68:Louis Rwagasore
62:
46:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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981:
968:
954:(in Italian).
945:
928:
904:
901:
899:
898:
876:
845:
843:, p. 195.
841:Weinstein 1976
833:
829:Weinstein 1976
821:
817:Weinstein 1976
809:
797:
795:, p. 364.
782:
780:, p. 238.
770:
758:
754:Weinstein 1976
746:
744:, p. 363.
734:
722:
703:
677:
650:
632:
620:
618:, p. 351.
608:
593:
575:
573:, p. 242.
563:
559:Weinstein 1976
551:
539:
537:, p. 372.
527:
512:
500:
496:Weinstein 1976
488:
486:, p. 223.
476:
464:
462:, p. 332.
445:
443:, p. 194.
441:Weinstein 1976
419:
417:
414:
400:
397:
318:, 13 June 1962
306:
287:1961 elections
249:
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122:Jean Ntiruhama
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1203:Ruanda-Urundi
1199:
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831:, p. 87.
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806:
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768:, p. 79.
767:
766:McDonald 1969
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718:
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707:
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692:. 1 July 2019
691:
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647:. p. 11.
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588:Africa Digest
585:
579:
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572:
571:De Witte 2021
567:
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549:, p. 87.
548:
547:Ghislain 1970
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509:
508:Ghislain 1970
504:
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498:, p. 11.
497:
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474:, p. 33.
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358:Albin Nyamoya
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198:André Muhirwa
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27:
23:André Muhirwa
20:
1407:Ganwa people
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1252:Ngendandumwe
1242:Ngendandumwe
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991:
972:
955:
949:
932:
911:
885:
879:
867:. Retrieved
862:
836:
824:
812:
805:Carbone 2000
800:
773:
761:
749:
737:
732:, p. 2.
730:Webster 1964
725:
712:
706:
694:. Retrieved
689:
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668:. Retrieved
663:
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644:
623:
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587:
578:
566:
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510:, Tableau 2.
503:
491:
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472:Carbone 2000
467:
409:
402:
373:Léopold Biha
362:
341:
322:
312:
308:
295:
282:
272:
261:
251:
223:
197:
196:
117:Succeeded by
94:
75:Succeeded by
56:Mwambutsa IV
42:
1402:2003 deaths
1397:1920 births
1369:Ndirakobuca
958:(1): 1–52.
903:Works cited
869:28 November
670:29 December
666:(in French)
604:Eggers 2006
105:Preceded by
63:Preceded by
1391:Categories
1344:Kanyenkiko
1324:Nzambimana
1140:1961–1963
924:1085890695
416:References
399:Later life
234:Tanganyika
220:Early life
1272:Micombero
1257:Masumbuko
1216:Rwagasore
1093:846680671
1069:953395348
1047:254366212
895:450361987
863:Net Press
377:July coup
95:In office
43:In office
1334:Sibomana
1073:Archived
964:40761428
941:24348312
891:ProQuest
393:sinecure
142:Murete,
1379:interim
1364:Bunyoni
1354:Ndimira
1349:Nduwayo
1314:Nyamoya
1247:Nyamoya
1237:Muhirwa
1221:Muhirwa
1211:Cimpaye
1028:2115033
696:13 June
52:Monarch
1339:Kinigi
1262:Bamina
1201:Under
1107:
1091:
1067:
1045:
1026:
998:
979:
962:
939:
922:
893:
365:Senate
242:Bururi
178:Parent
168:Spouse
162:UPRONA
1076:(PDF)
1061:(PDF)
1016:(PDF)
960:JSTOR
937:JSTOR
916:(PDF)
664:Iwacu
263:Mwami
230:Ganwa
1267:Biha
1105:ISBN
1089:OCLC
1065:OCLC
1043:OCLC
1024:OCLC
996:ISBN
977:ISBN
920:OCLC
871:2023
698:2021
672:2021
389:coup
302:West
150:Died
140:1920
137:Born
33:3rd
387:'s
1393::
1071:.
1022:.
956:55
861:.
848:^
785:^
688:.
662:.
635:^
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448:^
423:^
339:.
1177:e
1170:t
1163:v
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281:(
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