André Malraux - Knowledge (XXG)

2281:(world view) was based more upon emotion than logic. In Malraux's viewpoint, of all the professions, the artist was the most important as artists were the explorers and voyagers of the human spirit, as artistic creation was the highest form of human achievement for only art could illustrate humanity's relationship with the universe. As Malraux wrote, "there is something far greater than history and it is the persistence of genius". Hérubel argued that it is fruitless to attempt to criticize Malraux for his lack of methodological consistency as Malraux cultivated a poetical sensibility, a certain lyrical style, that appealed more to the heart than to the brain. Malraux was a proud Frenchman, but he also saw himself as a citizen of the world, a man who loved the cultural achievements of all of the civilizations across the globe. At the same time, Malraux criticized those intellectuals who wanted to retreat into the ivory tower, instead arguing that it was the duty of intellectuals to participate and fight (both metaphorically and literally) in the great political causes of the day, that the only truly great causes were the ones that one was willing to die for. 2562: 2239:, who in real life was the Comintern's principal agent in China. The novel alternates between depictions of Chinese nationalist militancy and British imperial anxieties. The Kuomintang are depicted rather unflatteringly as conservative Chinese nationalists uninterested in social reform, another faction is led by Hong, a Chinese assassin committed to revolutionary violence for the sake of violence, and only the Communists are portrayed relatively favorably. Much of the dramatic tension between the novel concerns a three-way struggle between the hero, Garine and Borodin who is only interested in using the revolution in China to achieve Soviet foreign policy goals. The fact that the European characters are considerably better drawn than the Asian characters reflected Malraux's understanding of China at the time as more of an exotic place where Europeans played out their own dramas rather than a place to be understood in its own right. Initially, Malraux's writings on Asia reflected the influence of 2277:

meaning, which thus was "absurd", only art could offer meaning in an "absurd" world. Malraux argued that art transcended time as art allowed one to connect with the past, and the very act of appreciating art was itself an act of art as the love of art was part of a continuation of endless artistic metamorphosis that constantly created something new. Malraux argued that as different types of art went in and out of style, the revival of a style was a metamorphosis as art could never be appreciated in exactly the same way as it was in the past. As art was timeless, it conquered time and death as artworks lived on after the death of the artist. The American literary critic Jean-Pierre Hérubel wrote that Malraux never entirely worked out a coherent philosophy as his mystical

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way was the only way. Along the same lines, Malraux argued that Lawrence should not be remembered mainly as a guerrilla leader in the Arab Revolt and the British liaison officer with the Emir Faisal, but rather as a romantic, lyrical writer as writing was Lawrence's first passion, which also described Malraux very well. Although Malraux courted fame through his novels, poems and essays on art in combination with his adventures and political activism, he was an intensely shy and private man who kept to himself, maintaining a distance between himself and others. Malraux's reticence led his first wife Clara to later say she barely knew him during their marriage.

2108:, aka "Lawrence of Arabia", has a reputation in France as the man who was supposedly responsible for France's troubles in Syria in the 1920s. An exception was Malraux who regarded Lawrence as a role model, the intellectual-cum-man-of-action and the romantic, enigmatic hero. Malraux often admitted to having a "certain fascination" with Lawrence, and it has been suggested that Malraux's sudden decision to abandon the Surrealist literary scene in Paris for adventure in the Far East was prompted by a desire to emulate Lawrence who began his career as an archaeologist in the Ottoman Empire excavating the ruins of the ancient city of 477: 2815: 44: 2388:

volunteers, and there was never any suggestion that he was there at the behest of the French Government. Malraux himself was not a pilot, and never claimed to be one, but his leadership qualities seem to have been recognized because he was made Squadron Leader of the 'España' squadron. Acutely aware of the Republicans' inferior armaments, of which outdated aircraft were just one example, he toured the United States to raise funds for the cause. In 1937 he published

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ensuing Saudi–Yemeni war greatly complicated Malraux's search. After several weeks of flying over the deserts in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, Malraux returned to France to announce that the ruins he found up in the mountains of Yemen were the capital of the Queen of Sheba. Though Malraux's claim is not generally accepted by archeologists, the expedition bolstered Malraux's fame and provided the material for several of his later essays.

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art to transcend time. In contrast to the traditional notion that art endures because it is timeless ("eternal"), Malraux argues that art lives on through metamorphosis – a process of resuscitation (where the work had fallen into obscurity) and transformation in meaning. This idea has also been extended into scholarship about the function of image datasets in art history.

2141:) was "the world's largest urban settlement" in the 11th and 12th centuries supported by an elaborate network of canals and roads across mainland Southeast Asia before decaying and falling into the jungle. The discovery of the ruins of Angkor Wat by Westerners (the Khmers had never fully abandoned the temples of Angkor) in the jungle by the French explorer 2711:. An intellectual who took the arts very seriously, Malraux saw his mission as Culture Minister to preserve France's heritage and to improve the cultural levels of the masses. Malraux's efforts to promote French culture mostly concerned renewing old or building new libraries, art galleries, museums, theatres, opera houses, and 2767:). An elitist who appreciated what he saw as the high culture of all the nations of the world, Malraux was especially interested in art history and archaeology, and saw his duty as a writer to share what he knew with ordinary people. An aesthete, Malraux believed that art was spiritually enriching and necessary for humanity. 2439:

eventful life – a far cry from the stereotype of the French intellectual confined to his study or a Left Bank café – has tended to obscure this fact. As a result, his literary works, including his important works on the theory of art, have received less attention than one might expect, especially in Anglophone countries.

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with the intention of stealing bas-relief sculptures from the ruins of Hindu temples. After many perilous adventures, Vannec and Perken are captured by hostile tribesmen and find an old friend of Perken's, Grabot, who had already been captured for some time. Grabot, a deserter from the French Foreign

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was set in the summer of 1925 against the backdrop of the general strike called by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and Kuomintang in Hong Kong and Canton, the novel concerns political intrigue amongst the "anti-imperialist" camp. The novel is narrated by an unnamed Frenchman who travels from Saigon

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and their then allies, the Chinese Communists, in their struggle against the warlords in the Great Northern Expedition before they turned on each other in 1927, which marked the beginning of the Chinese Civil War that was to last on and off until 1949. In fact, Malraux did not first visit China until

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of Aleppo in what is now modern Syria. As Lawrence had first made his reputation in the Near East digging up the ruins of an ancient civilization, it was only natural that Malraux should go to the Far East to likewise make his reputation in Asia digging up ancient ruins. Lawrence considered himself a

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who was to remain a major influence on him for the rest of his life. Malraux was especially impressed with Nietzsche's theory of a world in continuous turmoil and his statement "that the individual himself is still the most recent creation" who was completely responsible for all of his actions. Most

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has commented, Malraux's books on art have been "skimmed a lot but very little read" (this is especially true in Anglophone countries) and the radical implications of his thinking are often missed. A particularly important aspect of Malraux's thinking about art is his explanation of the capacity of

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Malraux's participation in major historical events such as the Spanish Civil War inevitably brought him determined adversaries as well as strong supporters, and the resulting polarization of opinion has colored, and rendered questionable, much that has been written about his life. Fellow combatants

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where writers created works that influenced subsequent writers much as painters learned their craft by studying the old masters; once they have understood the work of the old masters, writers would sally forth with the knowledge gained to create new works that added to the growing and never-ending

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to record all goods based on archival sources created by human kind throughout France. Film, television and music took less of Malraux's time, and the changing demographics caused by immigration from the Third World stymied his efforts to promote French high culture, as many immigrants from Muslim

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in life, a sensibility that was both tragic and awe-inspiring as one surveyed all of the cultural treasures of the world, a mystical sense of humanity's place in a universe that was as astonishingly beautiful as it was mysterious. Malraux argued that as death is inevitable and in a world devoid of

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in 1861 had given Cambodia a romantic reputation in France, as the home of the vast, mysterious ruins of the Khmer empire. Upon reaching Cambodia, Malraux, Clara and friend Louis Chevasson undertook an expedition into unexplored areas of the former imperial settlements in search of hidden temples,

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hero who triumphs over both the environment and men through the force of his will, a persona that Malraux consciously imitated. Malraux often wrote about Lawrence, whom he described admiringly as a man with a need for "the absolute", for whom no compromises were possible and for whom going all the

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void, a twilight world, without God or progress, in which the old values had proven worthless and a sense of spirituality that had once existed was gone. An agnostic, but an intensely spiritual man, Malraux maintained that what was needed was an "aesthetic spirituality" in which love of 'Art' and

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presenting the Far East as strange, exotic, decadent, mysterious, sensuous and violent, but Malraux's picture of China grew somewhat more humanized and understanding as Malraux disregarded his Orientalist and Eurocentric viewpoint in favor of one that presented the Chinese as fellow human beings.

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In any case, Malraux's participation in events such as the Spanish Civil War has tended to distract attention from his important literary achievement. Malraux saw himself first and foremost as a writer and thinker (and not a "man of action" as biographers so often portray him) but his extremely

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mentioned in the Old Testament. Saudi Arabia and Yemen were both remote, dangerous places that few Westerners visited at the time, and what made the expedition especially dangerous was while Malraux was searching for the lost cities of Sheba, King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia invaded Yemen, and the

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is in fact a philosophical novel concerned with existential questions about the meaning of life. The book was a failure at the time as the publishers marketed it as a stirring adventure story set in far-off, exotic, Cambodia which confused many readers who, instead, found a novel pondering deep

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The Republic circulated photos of Malraux standing next to some Potez 540 bombers suggesting that France was on their side, at a time when France and the United Kingdom had officially declared neutrality. But Malraux's commitment to the Republicans was personal, like that of many other foreign

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In his Asian novels Malraux used Asia as a stick to beat Europe with as he argued that after World War I the ideal of progress of a Europe getting better and better for the general advancement of humanity was dead. As such, Malraux now argued that European civilization was faced with a

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temple. Although he was guilty, his arrest and imprisonment were deemed inappropriate – for the crime was of no consequence. Clara, his wife, started a campaign for his acquittal and a number of notable arts and literary figures signed a petition defending Malraux: among them were

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also claims that "Malraux stands out, not just because he was a mythomaniac in his claims of martial heroism – in Spain and later in the French Resistance – but because he cynically exploited the opportunity for intellectual heroism in the legend of the Spanish Republic."

2302:, his biographer Oliver Todd wrote he could not "quite break clear of a conventional idea of China with coolies, bamboo shoots, opium smokers, destitutes, and prostitutes", which were the standard French stereotypes of China at the time. The work was awarded the 1933 2496:

was the German Ambassador, and produced a series of "black lists" of authors forbidden to be read, circulated or sold in Nazi occupied France. These included anything written by a Jew, a communist, an Anglo-Saxon or anyone else who was anti-Germanic or anti-fascist.

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Malraux was born in Paris in 1901, the son of Fernand-Georges Malraux (1875–1930) and Berthe Félicie Lamy (1877–1932). His parents separated in 1905 and eventually divorced. There are suggestions that Malraux's paternal grandfather committed suicide in 1909.

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hoping to find artifacts and items that could be sold to art collectors and museums. At about the same time archaeologists, with the approval of the French government, were removing large numbers of items from Angkor - many of which are now housed in the

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Legion had been reduced to nothing as his captors blinded him and left him tied to a stake starving, a stark picture of human degradation. The three Europeans escape, but Perken is wounded and dies of an infection. Through ostensibly an adventure novel,

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fighters. The slow Potez 540 rarely survived three months of air missions, flying at 160 knots against enemy fighters flying at more than 250 knots. Few of the fighters proved to be airworthy, and they were delivered intentionally without guns or

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in the Vilmorin family château at Verrières-le-Buisson, Essonne, a suburb southwest of Paris. Vilmorin was best known as a writer of delicate but mordant tales, often set in aristocratic or artistic milieu. Her most famous novel was

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Among many initiatives, Malraux launched an innovative (and subsequently widely imitated) program to clean the blackened façades of notable French buildings, revealing the natural stone underneath. He also created a number of

2314:, Josette died, aged 34, when she slipped while boarding a train. His two sons died together in 1961 in an automobile accident. The car they were driving had been given them by Vincent's girlfriend, the wealthy Clara Saint. 2394:(Man's Hope), a novel influenced by his Spanish war experiences. In July 1937 he attended the Second International Writers' Congress, the purpose of which was to discuss the attitude of intellectuals to the war, held in 2351:

forces in Spain, serving in and helping to organize the small Spanish Republican Air Force. Curtis Cate, one of his biographers, writes that Malraux was slightly wounded twice during efforts to stop the Battle of

2561: 1977:, although that has not been confirmed. The young Malraux left formal education early, but he followed his curiosity through the booksellers and museums in Paris, and explored the city's rich libraries as well. 2720:

and African nations did not find French high culture that compelling. A passionate bibliophile, Malraux built up a huge collection of books both as a cultural minister for the nation and as a man for himself.

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From his childhood, associates noticed that André had marked nervousness and motor and vocal tics. The recent biographer Olivier Todd, who published a book on Malraux in 2005, suggests that he had

3250:, Paris, 2001, by Solange Thierry, with contributions by Marc Lambron, Solange Thierry, Daniel Marchesseau, Pierre Cabanne, Antoine Terrasse, Christiane Moatti, Gilles Béguin and Germain Viatte ( 2197:

1931 and he did not see the bloody suppression of the Chinese Communists by the Kuomintang in 1927 first-hand as he often implied that he did, although he did do much reading on the subject.

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as it was narrated in the present tense "...with its staccato snatches of dialogue and the images of sound and sight, light and darkness, which create a compellingly haunting atmosphere."

4933: 7330: 7290: 2658:. Her letters to Jean Cocteau were published after the death of both correspondents. After Louise's death, Malraux spent his final years with her relative, Sophie de Vilmorin. 2774:

on 32 occasions. He was an annual contender for the prize in the 1950s and 1960s, but was never awarded. In 1969 he was the main candidate considered for the prize along with

441: 2211:(1926). The work was in the form of an exchange of letters between a Westerner and an Asian, comparing aspects of the two cultures. This was followed by his first novel 7325: 1958:

Malraux was raised by his mother, his maternal aunt Marie Lamy and his maternal grandmother, Adrienne Lamy (née Romagna), who had a grocery store in the small town of

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to champion Vietnamese independence. After falling foul of the French authorities, Malraux claimed to have crossed over to China where he was involved with the

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which relates the adventures of a Frenchman Claude Vannec who together with his Danish friend Perken head down the royal road of the title into the jungle of

6230: 4926: 1409: 7280: 7260: 2082:. Malraux and his first wife separated in 1938 but did not divorce until 1947. His daughter from this marriage, Florence (b. 1933), married the filmmaker 343: 7300: 1353: 4195: 7320: 2310:, starting in 1933. Malraux and Josette had two sons: Pierre-Gauthier (1940–1961) and Vincent (1943–1961). During 1944, while Malraux was fighting in 2182:

led him to become highly critical of the French colonial authorities there. In 1925, with Paul Monin, a progressive lawyer, he helped to organize the

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as information minister (1945–46) and subsequently as France's first cultural affairs minister during de Gaulle's presidency (1959–1969).

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The French government sent aircraft to Republican forces in Spain, but they were obsolete by the standards of 1936. They were mainly

4555: 4534: 4516: 4498: 4467: 1907: 1446: 2638:(1953), directed by Max Ophüls and starring Charles Boyer, Danielle Darrieux and Vittorio de Sica. Vilmorin's other works included 6223: 4388: 2688: 1139: 2623:, a concert pianist and the widow of his half-brother, Roland Malraux. They separated in 1966. Subsequently, Malraux lived with 7345: 4760: 2126: 1848: 1529: 458: 323: 2829: 2506: 7315: 7265: 7240: 7225: 2920: 2487: 890: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 5726: 4119: 2665:. The second two volumes (not yet translated into English) were published shortly before he died in 1976. They are entitled 2513: 2323: 4149:

Hérubel, Jean-Pierre "André Malraux and the French Ministry of Cultural Affairs: A Bibliographic Essay" pages 556-575 from

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Hérubel, Jean-Pierre "André Malraux and the French Ministry of Cultural Affairs: A Bibliographic Essay" pages 556-575 from

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Hérubel, Jean-Pierre "André Malraux and the French Ministry of Cultural Affairs: A Bibliographic Essay" pages 556-575 from

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Hérubel, Jean-Pierre "André Malraux and the French Ministry of Cultural Affairs: A Bibliographic Essay" pages 556-575 from

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Hérubel, Jean-Pierre "André Malraux and the French Ministry of Cultural Affairs: A Bibliographic Essay" pages 556-575 from

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Hérubel, Jean-Pierre "André Malraux and the French Ministry of Cultural Affairs: A Bibliographic Essay" pages 556-575 from

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called him as an "adventurer" for his high profile and demands on the Spanish Republican government. The British historian

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in 1920. This was followed in 1921 by three semi-surrealist tales, one of which, "Paper Moons", was illustrated by

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The site of research and information dedicated to André Malraux: literature, art, religion, history and culture.

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came to Paris in November 1971, there was extensive discussion between them about the situation in Bangladesh.

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appointed Malraux as his Minister for Information (1945–1946). Soon after, he completed his first book on art,

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During this post-war period, Malraux published a series of semi-autobiographical works, the first entitled

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to Hong Kong to Canton to meet an old friend named Garine who is a professional revolutionary working with

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and discuss artistic developments from the Renaissance to modern times. Malraux also initiated the series

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In search of Sheba: an Arabian adventure : André Malraux and Edouard Corniglon-Molinier, Yemen, 1934

3500: 2863:, including his extensive writings on art. However, some of his works, including the last two volumes of 1303: 6932: 6877: 6632: 6560: 6037: 6021: 5954: 5061: 5043: 4167: 2924: 2696:, but the OAS was not aware of this, and had decided to assassinate Malraux as a high-profile minister. 2183: 2150:

in Paris. On his return, Malraux was arrested and charged by French colonial authorities for removing a

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Derek Allan, Art and the Human Adventure: André Malraux's Theory of Art, Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2009, p. 21

2802:(Essonne) cemetery. In recognition of his contributions to French culture, his ashes were moved to the 1659: 2814: 7215: 7210: 6729: 6624: 6447: 6417: 6197: 6181: 6109: 5718: 5547: 5232: 5212: 4965: 4565: 4447: 4181: 2750:) concerns Picasso, and visual art more generally. In his last book, published posthumously in 1977, 2188: 1673: 1358: 1179: 1089: 915: 792: 750: 669: 496: 374: 7148: 7133: 6846: 6663: 6432: 6302: 4480: 2587:, Washington, D.C. Mrs. Kennedy described Malraux as "the most fascinating man I've ever talked to". 2307: 6967: 6737: 6545: 6505: 6173: 6002: 5858: 5742: 5579: 5499: 5103: 5049: 5007: 4995: 4438: 4213:

Honorary Doctorates between the decades of 1950s and 1960s from the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil

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1968, an international Malraux Society was founded in the United States. It produces the journal

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Malraux's first published work, an article entitled "The Origins of Cubist Poetry", appeared in

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On 23 May 1961, André Malraux's two sons, Gauthier and Vincent, were killed in a car accident.

2679:, an ambitious survey of world art that generated more than thirty large, illustrated volumes. 7109: 7053: 6959: 6851: 6745: 6721: 6608: 5898: 5882: 5678: 5555: 5264: 5204: 5196: 5115: 5073: 4712: 4671: 4654: 4631: 4610: 4587: 4569: 4551: 4530: 4512: 4508: 4494: 4463: 4278: 3898: 3805: 3799: 3623: 3251: 3084: 3072: 3004: 2992: 2620: 2592: 2574: 2460: 2344: 2031: 1974: 1943: 1780: 1739: 1725: 1323: 1261: 1251: 950: 935: 900: 825: 820: 652: 415: 379: 292: 206: 161: 43: 4421: 2611:. Other important works on the theory of art were to follow. These included the three-volume 2306:. After the breakdown of his marriage with Clara, Malraux lived with journalist and novelist 7194: 6999: 6761: 6497: 6165: 6149: 6141: 6133: 6061: 6045: 5962: 5930: 5874: 5834: 5766: 5670: 5475: 5419: 5368: 5288: 5224: 5188: 5121: 4983: 4840: 4359: 4268: 4233: 3237: 2693: 2527: 2456: 2448: 2407: 2381: 2179: 2075: 2055: 2027: 1967: 1881: 1732: 1471: 1389: 1333: 1328: 980: 835: 830: 733: 302: 7077: 6537: 6189: 6117: 6029: 5978: 5826: 5774: 5758: 5750: 5702: 5539: 5312: 5280: 5055: 4971: 4959: 4903: 4824: 4804: 4764: 4696: 4428: 4242: 3801:

Loulou & Yves: The Untold Story of Loulou de La Falaise and the House of Saint Laurent

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The Sublime Writer and the Lure of Action: Malraux, Brecht, and Lu Xun on China and Beyond

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The Sublime Writer and the Lure of Action: Malraux, Brecht, and Lu Xun on China and Beyond

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Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

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Malraux was an outspoken supporter of the Bangladesh liberation movement during the 1971

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When de Gaulle returned to the French presidency in 1958, Malraux became France's first

2619:, the latter published posthumously in 1977. In 1948, Malraux married a second time, to 2000: 1980: 7125: 7061: 7030: 6983: 6869: 6800: 6640: 6592: 6452: 6422: 6409: 6386: 6327: 6125: 5986: 5734: 5654: 5646: 5360: 5304: 5296: 5109: 5097: 5091: 5037: 4456: 4330: 2775: 2423: 2373: 2327: 2105: 1759: 1652: 1466: 1348: 1298: 1256: 1241: 1015: 925: 880: 875: 850: 787: 642: 597: 532: 6317: 4396: 7204: 7182: 7153: 7138: 7093: 7085: 6901: 6885: 6678: 6668: 6653: 6600: 6513: 6489: 6437: 6273: 5850: 5818: 5710: 5694: 5614: 5563: 5507: 5411: 5395: 5387: 5336: 5320: 5248: 5171: 4977: 4864: 4647: 4290: 3057: 3035: 3019: 2824: 2795: 2728: 2431: 2390: 2377: 2303: 2286: 2248: 2172: 2147: 2138: 2093: 2083: 2079: 2071: 2067: 1939: 1934: 1836: 1424: 1414: 1394: 1266: 1000: 885: 865: 706: 647: 410: 307: 297: 277: 195: 157: 131: 4757: 4603: 2798:. He was a heavy smoker and had cancer. He was cremated and his ashes buried in the 2707:

in provincial cities and worked to preserve France's national heritage by promoting

7022: 6568: 6550: 6521: 6481: 6289: 6208: 6101: 6085: 6069: 5994: 5970: 5946: 5914: 5842: 5686: 5598: 5571: 5531: 5523: 5515: 5483: 5451: 5435: 5352: 5216: 5127: 4874: 4856: 4689: 2742:, is a reflection on death occasioned by his experiences during a serious illness. 2498: 2415: 2158: 2142: 2134: 2059: 2051: 2019: 1985: 1607: 990: 985: 960: 945: 797: 699: 678: 565: 1020: 572: 6836: 6399: 5139: 4911: 4811:, The Baltimore Museum of Art: Baltimore, Maryland, 1964 – Accessed 26 June 2012 4625: 4581: 4335:"How Symphony of the Night's "Miserable Pile of Secrets" Scene Works in Japanese" 7117: 7069: 6792: 6616: 6265: 6077: 5922: 5890: 5790: 5638: 5427: 4808: 2452: 2356:

in 1936 as the Spanish Nationalists attempted to take Madrid, but the historian

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writer first and foremost while also presenting himself as a man of action, the

1797: 1790: 740: 626: 558: 553: 527: 6813: 4273: 4256: 2086:. By the age of twenty, Malraux was reading the work of the German philosopher 1924:; 3 November 1901 – 23 November 1976) was a French novelist, art theorist, and 6335: 5630: 5272: 4773: 2906:, offers research, information, and critical commentary about Malraux's works. 2791: 2523: 2493: 2472: 2193: 2152: 2130: 2109: 2063: 1708: 688: 662: 282: 93: 4282: 4038:"In Oral History, Jacqueline Kennedy Speaks Candidly After the Assassination" 3378:

Batchelor, R "The Presence of Nietzsche in André Malraux" pages 218-229 from

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Batchelor, R "The Presence of Nietzsche in André Malraux" pages 218-229 from

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The official site of the French André Malraux Society: Malraux and culture.

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The Invention of Decolonization: The Algerian War and the Remaking of France

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Yves Le Jariel, L'ami oublié de Malraux en Indochine, Paul Monin (1890–1929)

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In 1957, Malraux published the first volume of his trilogy on art entitled

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embarked on a much publicized expedition to find the lost capital of the

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and André Malraux were both on these "Otto Lists" of forbidden authors.

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Mona Lisa's Escort: André Malraux and the Reinvention of French Culture

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For a more complete bibliography, see site littéraire André Malraux.

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Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding, 1974 (India)

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and despite his age seriously considered joining the struggle. When

4364:"The bizarre, true story of Metal Gear Solid's English translation" 4303: 2859:

There is a large body of critical commentary on Malraux's literary

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The second of Malraux's Asian novels was the semi-autobiographical

4008:(fee usually required to view full pdf of original recommendation) 3662:, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2007 pages 11 & 13. 2813: 2560: 2546: 2175:. Malraux had his sentence reduced to a year, and then suspended. 1999: 1979: 1959: 1646: 71: 3897:(50th Anniversary ed.). London: Penguin Books. p. 678. 2806:

in Paris during 1996, on the twentieth anniversary of his death.

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is a huge 12th century temple situated in the old capital of the

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Inventory and analysis of André Malraux non-novelistic writings

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Langlois, Walter "André Malraux (1901–1976)" pages 683-687 from

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Sypher, Wylie "Aesthetic of Doom: Malraux" pages 146-165 from

3618:. New Approaches to International History series. London, UK: 3473: 3471: 3469: 4544:

Dits et écrits d'André Malraux : Bibliographie commentée

4462:. Bibliothèque de la Pléiade (in French). Paris: Gallimard. 3825: 3823: 3821: 3562: