193:
407:
496:
and several fiefs in
Calabria as a reward for his services. In May 1242, Andrew led a group of knights in an attack on Rieti and its environs. Although it was feared he would attack Rome, he spared the city. In September, he was in Salerno, where he decided a lawsuit brought by the monastery of
374:
and two
Abruzzese noblewomen. On 3 May, Frederick appointed him master justiciar of the same territory over which he was captain, effectively giving him complete viceregal authority from Porta Roseti to the Tronto. One of his first duties was to put into effect the new laws concerning judges,
147:
to cede the diocese's rights in the church of Saint Philip in
Golisano to the monastery of Montevergine. In November 1234, his brother-in-law drew up his will, in which he named Andrew the guardian of his daughters and the administrator of his estates in Sicily. In 1236, King Frederick
353:
with maladministration. Later that year, he enforced the ban on the export of horses, replaced
William of Spinosa as castellan of Rocca Ianula with John of Trentenaria and assembled an army of knights at
446:. He then sent a troop of knights to Frederick's camp at Rieti, as the emperor had requested, before joining the emperor himself. Towards the end of 1241, he was once again charged with collecting the
185:. Andrew also took control of vacant dioceses. He assigned diocesan revenues to certain Roman nobles, like Manuel Frangipane, in order to undermine the Papacy. In November, Frederick also placed the
73:. A loyal servant of the crown, whose counsel in military matters was sought after, he seems to have experienced a crisis of confidence in Frederick II following the latter's deposition by the
501:
against the crown in favour of the former. In
February 1243, he attended another diet at Foggia. Afterwards, he arranged the administration of various properties confiscated by the crown in
699:, p. 630, quotes at length from a letter of Frederick II apologizing for having snapped at him. It contains references to his "incorruptible loyalty" and "pure and constant trust".
556:
Andrew died on 17 May 1246, during the first confrontations between the conspirators and
Frederick's forces before the final stand at Capaccio. The day of his death is recorded in the
575:
Andrew had only one daughter, Constance, who inherited the lordships of
Golisano and Polizzi, as confirmed by Innocent IV in 1254. She was married twice. In 1277 or 1278, she married
65:
of the same from 1240. He was for a brief period in 1242–1243, captain over the whole kingdom. His energetic administration in the period 1239–1241, when he was facing the
1087:
399:. The confiscated treasure was deposited at San Germano in August. Some of it was redeemed (i.e., bought back) by the churchmen, but the rest was sent to the emperor at
560:
of
Montevergine, which also records that his wife died on 19 June without specifying the year. It is corroborated by royal records showing that the fief of
181:. This was a new office with administrative and military functions, designed to put all the resources of the mainland under a single command for the
1077:
1000:
986:
304:
Andrew became
Frederick's most important military advisor, often offering independent advice. In January 1240, he created the office of
200:
Andrew worked energetically to increase the number of castles under royal control and improve their readiness for war. He appointed new
387:
In 1241, Frederick ordered a levy of church property to pay for the war. Andrew informed the prelates at an ecclesiastical assembly at
410:
284:
nearly captured the pope's nephew for use as a hostage during negotiations. He received instructions from
Frederick to attack papal
125:
116:. His mother was Sica Musca. Andrew was raised on the family's Sicilian estates. He is recorded for the first time in June 1216 in
537:
in July 1245 affected his own sense of legitimacy as Frederick's viceroy. He was in contact with one of the leading conspirators,
525:
Despite years of loyal service, by early 1246 Andrew had joined a conspiracy against Frederick's life. It is most likely that the
330:(general tax), Andrew ordered an inquest into the tax collection of 1239 and into certain persons of doubtful loyalty in Abruzzo,
526:
43:
144:
135:
Andrew succeeded his father in Golisano, but without the title of count. As lord of Golisano, he had to remit the royal
289:
267:
to improve the kingdom's strategic position. Frederick at first reserved judgement until he could see Andrew's list.
1082:
182:
66:
981:
932:
498:
213:
565:
439:
514:
318:
120:, when he and his brothers Simon and Matthew witnessed their father's donation of the Sicilian castle of
936:
534:
74:
550:
538:
481:. During his absence, Andrew for a time exercised the captaincy over the whole kingdom with the title
1072:
576:
257:
186:
140:
367:
101:
618:
371:
174:
225:
86:
77:
in 1245. He joined a conspiracy against the emperor's life and was killed during its suppression.
968:
493:
395:, Martin of Airola to Montevergine, John Capuanus of Naples to Molise and Thomas Castulus to the
121:
91:
1010:
996:
951:(1929). "The Administration of the County of Molise in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries".
584:
466:
459:
435:
256:
to garrison the castles under his command. He proposed the destruction of some castles in the
39:
960:
684:
418:
406:
396:
331:
293:
276:
241:
217:
192:
153:
113:
51:
623:
326:, Simon and Robert of Tocco, to assist him. In February, after having begun to collect the
312:
was charged with inspecting his castles twice a week and every castle in the kingdom had a
270:
In December 1239, Andrew brought his wife over from Sicily and set her up in the castle of
654:
542:
474:
431:
391:
in June. To collect the church's treasures, he dispatched as emissaries Peter of Melfi to
229:
129:
105:
169:
In early October 1239, Frederick appointed Andrew captain of the entire kingdom north of
1014:
948:
716:
262:
1037:
Castelli e fortezze nelle città italiane e nei centri minori italiani (secoli XIII–XV)
1066:
1020:
423:
400:
572:
to the crown by 21 May 1246. The office of captain was left vacant after his death.
430:
In July 1241, Andrew took charge of the high-profile prisoners, including Cardinals
376:
253:
221:
964:
375:
notaries and physicians promulgated at Foggia. He summoned the procurators of the
530:
343:
17:
561:
509:
to the papal side in September, he was once again charged with collecting the
392:
1029:
557:
350:
285:
274:, which was also his residence. That same month, a plot he hatched with the
201:
149:
109:
62:
47:
992:
546:
316:. That same month, Frederick assigned Andrew the responsibilities of the
170:
97:
1039:. Centro Internazionale di Ricerca sui Beni Culturali. pp. 251–269.
569:
506:
502:
470:
443:
355:
237:
233:
117:
58:
972:
334:
and the county of Fondi. Andrew ordered the arrest of all citizens of
414:
363:
359:
249:
178:
442:
in May. Taking custody of them at Naples, he had them imprisoned in
61:
of the northern half of the kingdom from 1239 until 1246 and master
638:
615:
478:
405:
388:
335:
281:
271:
209:
191:
136:
70:
489:
322:(Great Court) on the mainland and appointed two judges from the
288:. Without instructions, he sent a force of knights, archers and
205:
488:
In the spring of 1242, Frederick granted Andrew the castles of
349:
In March 1240, Andrew charged the procurators and castellan of
252:, Abruzzo and Campania. He requisitioned mercenaries from the
1030:"I castelli federiciani nelle cittĂ del Mezzogiorno d'Italia"
220:; improved the fortifications and increased the garrisons of
69:, can be traced in detail. In May 1242, he led an attack on
505:. Towards the end of 1244, in response to the defection of
541:. After the plot was discovered, he opened the castles of
1055:
The Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen: Immutator Mundi
413:
depicting the battle of Giglio and the two cardinals in
128:. Andrew married Margaret, a sister of Arduin, count of
513:
for the war. In August 1245, he held an inquest in the
244:. He took new oaths of fealty from the port officials (
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
366:, where he discussed with Frederick the rebellion in
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
132:, which brought him connections at the royal court.
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
770:
768:
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
458:In 1242–1243, the captain of Sicily and Calabria,
100:. They were resolutely royalist. Andrew's father,
338:living within the kingdom to put pressure on the
143:annually. In February 1231, he persuaded Bishop
943:. Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana Treccani.
649:, p. 360), which is translated "captain" (
438:, who had fallen into Frederick's hands at the
1035:. In Francesco Panero; Giuliano Pinto (eds.).
614:, p. 314, he was probably related to the
232:; confiscated castles from feudatories in the
156:, which also paid the royal tithe to CefalĂą.
8:
670:For details on the inventory in Molise, see
342:to submit to Frederick, who had invaded the
189:and its students under Andrew's protection.
891:
879:
737:
712:
696:
650:
611:
370:and two unresolved lawsuits concerning the
38:, was a nobleman and administrator in the
1088:Court of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
915:
658:
30:(died 17 May 1246), known in Italian as
903:
730:
708:
671:
646:
595:
160:Captain from Porta Roseti to the Tronto
867:
855:
843:
831:
607:
465:, was sent on a diplomatic mission to
85:The Cicala family was originally from
568:in return for an annual payment, had
564:, which Andrew had acquired from the
7:
987:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
786:
603:
240:; and occupied castles in the papal
993:Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
553:for three months until July 1246.
25:
549:to the conspirators. At Capaccio
50:from before 1231 and the lord of
711:, p. 360, gives Scala, but
292:to assist Frederick's son, King
1016:Frederick the Second, 1194–1250
579:. Widowed, she married Mauger
417:, from a 14th-century copy of
1:
1053:Van Cleve, Thomas C. (1972).
1048:. Cambridge University Press.
196:Ruins of the castle of Popoli
1078:13th-century Sicilian people
1046:The Norman Kingdom of Sicily
358:. In April, he attended the
152:Andrew with the lordship of
1028:Martin, Jean-Marie (2009).
965:10.1093/ehr/XLIV.CLXXVI.529
379:to inspect their accounts.
308:(visitor of castles). Each
1104:
989:, Volume 25: Chinzer–Cirni
527:deposition of Frederick II
953:English Historical Review
515:territory of Montecassino
126:monastery of Montevergine
1044:Matthew, Donald (1992).
941:Enciclopedia Federiciana
499:Santa Maria Mater Domini
42:under the king-emperor
980:Kamp, Norbert (1981).
440:naval battle of Giglio
427:
197:
183:war against the Papacy
602:This is according to
409:
296:, in northern Italy.
254:provincial justiciars
204:in the fortresses of
195:
46:. He was the lord of
991:(in Italian). Rome:
566:monastery of La Cava
521:Conspiracy and death
187:University of Naples
177:to the mouth of the
81:Early life in Sicily
982:"Cicala, Andrea di"
715:, p. 633, has
372:cathedral of Aversa
306:visitator castrorum
104:, was the count of
1057:. Clarendon Press.
1023:. Frederick Ungar.
1011:Kantorowicz, Ernst
551:they were besieged
511:collecta generalis
448:collecta generalis
428:
328:collecta generalis
290:Saracens of Lucera
198:
1083:Sicilian nobility
674:, p. 534 n5.
587:in 1279 or 1280.
539:Tebaldo Francesco
436:James of Pecorara
141:diocese of CefalĂą
124:to the Campanian
57:Andrew served as
40:Kingdom of Sicily
16:(Redirected from
1095:
1058:
1049:
1040:
1034:
1024:
1019:. Translated by
1006:
1002:978-8-81200032-6
976:
959:(176): 529–559.
944:
919:
913:
907:
901:
895:
892:Kantorowicz 1957
889:
883:
880:Kantorowicz 1957
877:
871:
865:
859:
853:
847:
841:
835:
829:
790:
784:
741:
738:Kantorowicz 1957
735:
720:
713:Kantorowicz 1957
706:
700:
697:Kantorowicz 1957
694:
688:
685:besieged Viterbo
681:
675:
668:
662:
651:Kantorowicz 1957
635:
629:
627:
612:Kantorowicz 1957
600:
483:capitaneus regni
419:Giovanni Villani
397:diocese of Valva
294:Enzo of Sardinia
266:
242:duchy of Spoleto
145:Arduin of CefalĂą
114:island of Sicily
108:in Campania and
95:
67:a papal invasion
32:Andrea di Cicala
28:Andrew of Cicala
21:
18:Andrea di Cicala
1103:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1052:
1043:
1032:
1027:
1009:
1003:
979:
949:Jamison, Evelyn
947:
937:"Andrea Cicala"
931:
927:
922:
914:
910:
902:
898:
890:
886:
878:
874:
866:
862:
854:
850:
842:
838:
830:
793:
785:
744:
736:
732:
728:
723:
707:
703:
695:
691:
682:
678:
669:
665:
655:captain-general
636:
632:
621:
610:. According to
601:
597:
593:
577:Hugh of Conches
535:Council of Lyon
523:
456:
432:Otto of Tonengo
385:
302:
260:
258:county of Fondi
230:Castel Volturno
167:
162:
130:Ischia Maggiore
89:
83:
75:Council of Lyon
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1101:
1099:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1050:
1041:
1025:
1007:
1001:
977:
945:
933:Houben, Hubert
928:
926:
923:
921:
920:
918:, p. 501.
916:Van Cleve 1972
908:
906:, p. 360.
896:
894:, p. 633.
884:
882:, p. 477.
872:
870:, p. 267.
860:
858:, p. 255.
848:
846:, p. 262.
836:
791:
742:
740:, p. 115.
729:
727:
724:
722:
721:
701:
689:
683:Frederick had
676:
663:
659:Van Cleve 1972
630:
594:
592:
589:
522:
519:
455:
452:
384:
381:
368:Rocca Alberici
301:
298:
166:
163:
161:
158:
82:
79:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1100:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1021:E. O. Lorimer
1018:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
998:
994:
990:
988:
983:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
929:
924:
917:
912:
909:
905:
900:
897:
893:
888:
885:
881:
876:
873:
869:
864:
861:
857:
852:
849:
845:
840:
837:
833:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
792:
788:
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
757:
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
743:
739:
734:
731:
725:
718:
714:
710:
705:
702:
698:
693:
690:
686:
680:
677:
673:
667:
664:
661:) in English.
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
634:
631:
625:
620:
619:Cicala family
617:
613:
609:
605:
599:
596:
590:
588:
586:
582:
578:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
520:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
495:
491:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
463:
453:
451:
450:for the war.
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
426:
425:
424:Nuova Cronica
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
402:
401:Grottaferrata
398:
394:
390:
382:
380:
378:
373:
369:
365:
361:
360:imperial diet
357:
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
320:
315:
311:
307:
299:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
278:
273:
268:
264:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
194:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
164:
159:
157:
155:
151:
146:
142:
138:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
93:
88:
80:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
55:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
36:Andrea Cicala
33:
29:
19:
1054:
1045:
1036:
1015:
985:
956:
952:
940:
925:Bibliography
911:
904:Matthew 1992
899:
887:
875:
863:
851:
839:
733:
709:Matthew 1992
704:
692:
679:
672:Jamison 1929
666:
647:Matthew 1992
642:
633:
598:
580:
574:
555:
524:
510:
487:
482:
461:
457:
447:
429:
422:
386:
377:royal domain
348:
339:
327:
323:
317:
313:
309:
305:
303:
275:
269:
245:
226:Rocca Ianula
222:Montecassino
199:
175:Porta Roseti
168:
134:
87:Castelcicala
84:
56:
44:Frederick II
35:
31:
27:
26:
1073:1246 deaths
868:Martin 2009
856:Martin 2009
844:Martin 2009
832:Houben 2005
622: [
608:Houben 2005
581:de Brussoes
533:during the
531:Innocent IV
356:San Germano
344:Papal State
319:Magna Curia
261: [
90: [
54:from 1236.
1067:Categories
726:References
643:capitaneus
562:Casalrotto
494:Corigliano
393:Basilicata
218:Monticello
202:castellans
1013:(1957) .
787:Kamp 1981
641:title is
604:Kamp 1981
570:escheated
558:necrology
462:de Amicis
454:1242–1245
411:Miniature
351:Pettorano
314:visitator
310:visitator
286:Benevento
246:portulani
150:enfeoffed
63:justiciar
935:(2005).
687:in 1243.
547:Capaccio
529:by Pope
475:Ayyubids
473:and the
467:Abbasids
415:red hats
171:Calabria
122:Roccella
110:Golisano
98:Campania
48:Golisano
616:Genoese
507:Viterbo
503:Taranto
471:Baghdad
444:Salerno
238:Abruzzo
234:Marsica
173:, from
154:Polizzi
139:to the
118:Palermo
112:on the
96:in the
59:captain
52:Polizzi
999:
973:552917
971:
653:) or "
585:France
460:Roger
364:Foggia
340:comune
332:Molise
277:comune
250:Apulia
214:Popoli
179:Tronto
1033:(PDF)
969:JSTOR
639:Latin
626:]
591:Notes
543:Scala
479:Cairo
389:Melfi
336:Terni
324:Curia
282:Rieti
272:Teano
265:]
248:) of
210:Trani
137:tithe
106:Alife
94:]
71:Rieti
997:ISBN
717:Sala
637:The
606:and
545:and
492:and
490:Acri
434:and
383:1241
300:1240
236:and
228:and
216:and
206:Bari
165:1239
102:Paul
961:doi
657:" (
583:of
477:in
469:in
421:'s
362:at
280:of
34:or
1069::
995:.
984:.
967:.
957:44
955:.
939:.
794:^
745:^
624:it
517:.
485:.
403:.
346:.
263:it
224:,
212:,
208:,
92:sh
1005:.
975:.
963::
834:.
789:.
719:.
645:(
628:.
20:)
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