1745:
136:, Smith was a scientific officer from 1982 to 2012, when he retired. During his 30 years of employment at the museum, he was the author or co-author of many papers on the phylogeny, systematics, and taxonomy of echinoderms and gained an international reputation as a leading expert on echinoderm palaeontology. In 1985 he participated in Western scientists' first geological traverse of the Tibetan plateau. Smith was the co-author, with
1673:
MacLeod, N.; Rawson, P. F.; Forey, P. L.; Banner, F. T.; Boudagher-Fadel, M. K.; Bown, P. R.; Burnett, J. A.; Chambers, P.; Culver, S.; Evans, S. E.; Jeffery, C.; Kaminski, M. A.; Lord, A. R.; Milner, A. C.; Milner, A. R.; Morris, N.; Owen, E.; Rosen, B. R.; Smith, A. B.; Taylor, P. D.; Urquhart, E.;
176:
Andrew B. Smith designed and created a web-based, echinoid-specific approach to systematic zoology and paleontology called "The
Echinoid Directory" sponsored by the Natural History Museum, London. The website is driven by the international community of echinoid scientists, who contribute via through
159:
from studies on spiny-shelled fossils. He did research on the earliest evolutionary origins of echinoderms and establishing the dates of the evolutionary origins of metazoan body morphologies. He also carried out comparative studies on evolution and species diversification using
124:. There he received in 1980 a PhD under the supervision of David Nichols (1930–2020). Smith's PhD thesis involved a breakthrough in echinoid functional morphology through his use of the scanning electron microscope combined with histological preparations and some
633:
Smith, Andrew B.; Pisani, Davide; Mackenzie-Dodds, Jacqueline A.; Stockley, Bruce; Webster, Bonnie L.; Littlewood, D. Timothy J. (2006). "Testing the
Molecular Clock: Molecular and Paleontological Estimates of Divergence Times in the Echinoidea (Echinodermata)".
663:
Smith, Andrew B. (2007). "Intrinsic versus extrinsic biases in the fossil record: Contrasting the fossil record of echinoids in the
Triassic and early Jurassic using sampling data, phylogenetic analysis, and molecular clocks".
2095:
1654:
Smith, A. B.; GallemĂ, Jaume; Jeffery, C. H.; Ernst, G.; Ward, P. D. (1999). "Late
Cretaceous-early Tertiary echinoids from northern Spain: implications for the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event".
852:
Smith, Andrew B.; Benson, Roger B.J. (2013). "Marine diversity in the geological record and its relationship to surviving bedrock area, lithofacies diversity, and original marine shelf area".
722:
Smith, Andrew B.; McGowan, Alistair J. (2007). "The Shape of the
Phanerozoic Marine Palaeodiversity Curve: How Much Can be Predicted from the Sedimentary Rock Record of Western Europe?".
56:
on the eastern coast of
Scotland, Andrew B. Smith at age 13 was inspired to collect fossils after watching an episode on fossil collection aired on the television programme
269:
Rosen, Brian R.; Smith, Andrew B. (1988). "Tectonics from fossils? Analysis of reef-coral and sea-urchin distributions from late
Cretaceous to Recent, using a new method".
2105:
128:
research. He published four major papers dealing with links between echinoid skeletal histology and echinoid soft-tissue anatomy. From 1980 to 1982 he worked at the
147:
Smith's research is not strictly limited to echinoderms but also deals with methods of inferring patterns in evolutionary development from the fossil record. With
2085:
2020:
2090:
1061:
190:
24:
1348:
2100:
1260:
1239:
1216:
1096:
1074:
1029:
973:
1874:
Austin, Jeremy J.; Smith, Andrew B.; Thomas, Richard H. (1997). "Palaeontology in a molecular world: The search for authentic ancient DNA".
823:
Smith, Andrew B.; Crame, J. Alistair (2012). "Echinoderm faunas from the Lower
Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian) of Alexander Island, Antarctica".
298:
Smith, A. B. (1988). "Late
Palaeozoic biogeography of East Asia and palaeontological constraints on plate tectonic reconstructions".
2080:
1299:
Gale, Andrew (2015). "The research contribution of Dr Andrew B. Smith, BSc, PhD, DSc, FRSE, FRS". In Zamaro, S.; Rábano, I. (eds.).
1002:
356:
Smith, Andrew B.; Jeffery, Charlotte H. (1998). "Selectivity of extinction among sea urchins at the end of the
Cretaceous period".
1786:
Smith, Andrew B.; Peterson, Kevin J. (2002). "Dating the Time of Origin of Major Clades: Molecular Clocks and the Fossil Record".
881:
Smith, Andrew B. (2013). "Geological history of bathyal echinoid faunas, with a new genus from the late Cretaceous of Italy".
1334:
1189:
1173:
1154:
1138:
1121:
930:
133:
2110:
214:
194:
156:
553:
Park, Lisa; Smith, Andrew. B. (2001). "Beyond Phylogeny Reconstruction—Tree-Based Analyses in Paleontology: Foreword".
148:
20:
1440:
Smith, Andrew B. (2004). "Phylogeny and Systematics of Holasteroid Echinoids and Their Migration into the Deep-sea".
206:
186:
574:
537:
450:
406:
1110:. Field guides to fossils, no. 2 (1st ed.). London: Palaeontological Association; compiled by Owen Ellis
511:"Sea-level change and rock-record bias in the Cretaceous: A problem for extinction and biodiversity studies"
424:"Sea-Level Change and Rock-Record Bias in the Cretaceous: A Problem for Extinction and Biodiversity Studies"
129:
100:, where he graduated with first class honours. For the summer of 1976 he received, on the recommendation of
97:
2002:
1305:. Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, Numero 19. Madrid: Instituto Geológico y Minero de España. pp. 13–16.
327:
Smith, Andrew B.; Littlewood, D. T. J. (1994). "Paleontological data and molecular phylogenetic analysis".
2075:
794:
Kroh, Andreas; Smith, Andrew B. (2010). "The phylogeny and classification of post-Palaeozoic echinoids".
1573:
1966:
1520:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences
300:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences
1370:
Smith, Andrew B. (1978). "A comparative study of the life style of two Jurassic irregular echinoids".
240:
Patterson, Colin; Smith, Andrew B. (1987). "Is the periodicity of extinctions a taxonomic artefact?".
2070:
1917:
Austin, Jeremy J.; Ross, Andrew J.; Smith, Andrew B.; Fortey, Richard A.; Thomas, Richard H. (1997).
1883:
1795:
1683:
1620:
1585:
1527:
1484:
1449:
1414:
1379:
890:
861:
832:
803:
731:
702:
673:
562:
525:
438:
394:
365:
336:
307:
278:
249:
137:
121:
1475:
Smith, Andrew B. (1998). "What Does Palaeontology Contribute to Systematics in a Molecular World?".
151:, he pointed out possible pitfalls in interpreting the fossil record. Smith and colleagues assessed
1849:
468:"Large–scale heterogeneity of the fossil record: Implications for Phanerozoic biodiversity studies"
1919:"Problems of reproducibility – does geologically ancient DNA survive in amber–preserved insects?"
1636:
1611:
Patterson, Colin; Smith, Andrew B. (1989). "Periodicity in Extinction: The Role of Systematics".
1518:
Smith, A. B.; Juntao, Xu (1988). "Palaeontology of the 1985 Tibet geotraverse, Lhasa to Golmud".
1183:
1148:
1115:
454:
753:"Deciphering deuterostome phylogeny: Molecular, morphological and palaeontological perspectives"
1948:
1899:
1768:
1726:
1500:
1328:
1256:
1235:
1212:
1178:; 373 pages; a selection of presentations given at a symposium held in London in December 1986
1169:
1168:. published for the Liverpool Geological Society by Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press.
1134:
1092:
1070:
1025:
1013:
998:
969:
957:
926:
782:
651:
621:
578:
541:
497:
410:
161:
1984:
1405:
Smith, A. B.; Paul, C. R. C. (1982). "Revision of the class Cyclocystoidea (Echinodermata)".
693:
Smith, Andrew B. (2007). "Marine diversity through the Phanerozoic: Problems and prospects".
2047:
1938:
1930:
1891:
1830:
1803:
1760:
1718:
1691:
1628:
1593:
1557:
1535:
1492:
1457:
1422:
1387:
986:
898:
869:
840:
811:
772:
764:
739:
710:
681:
643:
611:
603:
570:
533:
487:
479:
446:
402:
373:
344:
315:
286:
257:
177:
a web interface. There are over 2,000 species pages and over 10,000 specimen illustrations.
152:
1807:
117:
109:
89:
1016:
From bilateral symmetry to pentaradiality: The phylogeny of hemichordates and echinoderms
36:, Scotland) is a British palaeontologist, known for his research on the palaeontology of
1887:
1799:
1687:
1624:
1589:
1531:
1488:
1453:
1418:
1383:
894:
865:
836:
807:
735:
706:
677:
596:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
566:
529:
472:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
442:
398:
369:
340:
311:
282:
253:
120:. In autumn 1976 he matriculated as a graduate student in the biology department of the
1943:
1918:
1834:
1391:
777:
752:
616:
591:
492:
467:
218:
1895:
1597:
1316:
510:
423:
2064:
1764:
1461:
1300:
844:
743:
210:
101:
67:
1561:
940:
198:
290:
1407:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences
1250:
1229:
1206:
1086:
714:
202:
165:
902:
815:
348:
141:
113:
58:
53:
41:
37:
1821:
Smith, Andrew B. (1994). "Rooting molecular trees: Problems and strategies".
1695:
1018:
by Andrew B. Smith, Kevin J. Peterson, Gregory Wray, and D. T. J. Littlewood"
590:
Forey, Peter L.; Fortey, Richard A.; Kenrick, Paul; Smith, Andrew B. (2004).
582:
545:
414:
647:
217:'s Golden Trilobite Award (for best website) and in 2020 the association's
1934:
1903:
1772:
1730:
1539:
1496:
1426:
786:
768:
655:
625:
607:
501:
483:
319:
140:, of a twelve-part series of monographs on British echinoid fossils of the
1952:
1504:
1923:
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
1069:. Special Papers in Palaeontology, No. 25. Palaeontological Association.
105:
84:
79:
75:
63:
1640:
458:
93:
71:
757:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1556:, Palaeontographical Society Monographs, London, 12 parts, 1989–2012
873:
385:
Smith, Andrew B. (2000). "Stratigraphy in Phylogeny Reconstruction".
261:
33:
29:
1722:
1632:
1199:
Systematics and the fossil record: documenting evolutionary patterns
685:
2051:
1850:"Can geologically ancient DNA be recovered from the fossil record?"
2036:
Echinoid Palaeobiology. Special Topics in Palaeontology, Volume 1.
1674:
Young, J. R. (1997). "The Cretaceous-Tertiary biotic transition".
1228:
Emson, Roland; Smith, Andrew; Campbell, Andrew, eds. (June 1995).
377:
2003:"Medal and Award Winners List | The Palaeontological Association"
1249:
Skelton, Peter; Smith, Andrew; Monks, Neale (19 September 2002).
1656:
Bulletin of the Natural History Museum of London. Geology Series
509:
Smith, Andrew. B.; Gale, Andrew. S.; Monks, Neale E. A. (2001).
104:, a Carnegie Award to study echinoid fossil distribution in the
956:
Briggs, Derek E. G.; Crowther, Peter R., eds. (15 April 2008).
422:
Smith, Andrew B.; Gale, Andrew S.; Monks, Neale E. A. (2001).
2021:"Corresponding members of the Paläontologische Gesellschaft"
575:
10.1666/0094-8373(2001)027<0187:BPRTBA>2.0.CO;2
538:
10.1666/0094-8373(2001)027<0241:SLCARR>2.0.CO;2
451:
10.1666/0094-8373(2001)027<0241:SLCARR>2.0.CO;2
132:
as a research assistant to Christopher R. C. Paul. At the
2096:
People associated with the Natural History Museum, London
1039:
Selley, R.C.; Cocks, L.R.M.; Plimer, I.R., eds. (2005). "
407:
10.1666/0022-3360(2000)074<0763:SIPR>2.0.CO;2
62:. On holiday in 1967 he first collected fossils from the
1201:. Oxford; Cambridge (Massachusetts): Blackwell Science.
221:. In 2005 he was elected a corresponding member of the
1576:(2006). "C. W. Wright: a most professional amateur".
82:, he collected a complete fossil of a Devonian fish (
1081:(The hard shell of an echinoid is called a "test".)
1012:Cracraft, Joel; Donoghue, Michael J., eds. (2004).
1129:Smith, Andrew B.; Batten, David J., eds. (2002).
96:. From 1973 to 1976 Smith studied geology at the
44:of the phylum Echinodermata has become standard.
271:Geological Society, London, Special Publications
1788:Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
1709:Smith, Andrew B. (2004). "Echinoderm roots".
1166:Echinoderm phylogeny and evolutionary biology
1024:. Oxford University Press. pp. 365–383.
997:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–22.
8:
751:Swalla, Billie J.; Smith, Andrew B. (2008).
592:"Taxonomy and fossils: A critical appraisal"
205:. Smith was elected in 1996 a Fellow of the
1164:Paul, C. R. C.; Smith, A. B., eds. (1988).
1063:Stereom Microstructure of the Echinoid Test
968:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 504–509.
88:) — the specimen was put on display at the
1746:"Dating the origin of metazoan body plans"
1578:Proceedings of the Geologists' Association
2106:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
1942:
1823:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
776:
615:
491:
1252:Cladistics: A Practical Primer on CD-ROM
1276:
1808:10.1146/annurev.earth.30.091201.140057
1326:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1181:
1146:
1113:
168:of fossil insects preserved in amber.
2086:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
1477:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1143:; viii+374 pages, illustrations, maps
925:. London: Longman. pp. 153–181.
7:
1848:Smith, Andrew B.; Austin, Jeremy J.
1349:"Lyell Medal: Andrew Benjamin Smith"
1302:Progress in Echinoderm Palaeobiology
951:. Blackwell Scientific Publications.
943:; Crowther, Peter R., eds. (1989). "
189:awarded Andrew B. Smith in 1993 the
1552:Andrew B. Smith & C. W. Wright
989:Across Tibet by jeep, pony and foot
917:Murray, John William, ed. (1985). "
796:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
193:and in 2005 the Zoology Medal. The
2091:Alumni of the University of Exeter
1835:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1994.tb00962.x
1392:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1978.tb01217.x
1131:revised & enlarged 2nd edition
1041:Echinoderms (other than echinoids)
923:Atlas of Invertebrate Macrofossils
14:
1876:Trends in Ecology & Evolution
1676:Journal of the Geological Society
1085:Smith, Andrew B. (January 1984).
695:Journal of the Geological Society
191:Linnean Society Bicentenary Medal
1765:10.1046/j.1525-142x.1999.99027.x
1462:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2004.00352.x
1047:. Vol. 2. pp. 334–341.
845:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01129.x
744:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00693.x
2040:The Quarterly Review of Biology
1353:The Palaeontological Newsletter
1211:. John Wiley & Sons. 2009.
1049:(Section: Fossil Invertebrates)
995:Travels with the Fossil Hunters
636:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1989:The Royal Society of Edinburgh
1971:Natural History Museum, London
1562:10.1080/25761900.2022.12131799
1255:. Cambridge University Press.
1106:Smith, Andrew B., ed. (1985).
157:Cretaceous/Tertiary transition
134:Natural History Museum, London
1:
1896:10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01102-6
1598:10.1016/S0016-7878(06)80028-3
291:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.037.01.19
223:Paläontologische Gesellschaft
2101:Fellows of the Royal Society
1554:British Cretaceous echinoids
985:Whybrow, P. J., ed. (2000).
215:Palaeontological Association
209:and in 2002 a Fellow of the
195:Geological Society of London
2034:Stokes, Robert B. (1985). "
1022:Assembling the Tree of Life
2127:
1333:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1188:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1153:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1120:: CS1 maint: postscript (
213:. He received in 2004 the
207:Royal Society of Edinburgh
1753:Evolution and Development
1744:Smith, Andrew B. (1999).
1197:Smith, Andrew B. (1994).
1060:Smith, Andrew B. (1980).
949:Paleobiology. A synthesis
903:10.1017/S0016756812000738
816:10.1080/14772011003603556
715:10.1144/0016/76492006-184
466:Smith, Andrew B. (2001).
349:10.1017/S009483730001277X
187:Linnean Society of London
28:(born 6 February 1954 in
2081:British palaeontologists
1967:"The Echinoid Directory"
1696:10.1144/gsjgs.154.2.0265
1231:Echinoderm Research 1995
78:. In 1968 on holiday in
42:cladistic classification
1045:Encyclopedia of Geology
387:Journal of Paleontology
164:methods and dealt with
130:University of Liverpool
98:University of Edinburgh
1985:"Dr Andrew Smith FRSE"
1935:10.1098/rspb.1997.0067
1540:10.1098/rsta.1988.0122
1497:10.1006/mpev.1998.0488
1427:10.1098/rstb.1982.0031
1088:Echinoid Palaeobiology
991:by Andrew Smith, FRSE"
769:10.1098/rstb.2007.2246
608:10.1098/rstb.2003.1453
484:10.1098/rstb.2000.0768
320:10.1098/rsta.1988.0085
197:award him in 1995 the
85:Dipterus valenciennesi
1317:"Dr Andrew Smith FRS"
1091:. Allen & Unwin.
960:Analysis of diversity
945:Analysis of diversity
921:by Andrew B. Smith".
648:10.1093/molbev/msl039
229:Selected publications
17:Andrew Benjamin Smith
1108:Fossils of the Chalk
1054:Books and monographs
162:molecular biological
155:such as that at the
138:Claud William Wright
122:University of Exeter
48:Education and career
2111:Lyell Medal winners
1888:1997TEcoE..12..303A
1800:2002AREPS..30...65S
1688:1997JGSoc.154..265M
1625:1989Ecol...70..802P
1590:2006PrGA..117....9K
1532:1988RSPTA.327...53S
1489:1998MolPE...9..437S
1454:2004Palgy..47..123S
1419:1982RSPTB.296..577S
1384:1978Letha..11...57S
941:Briggs, Derek E. G.
895:2013GeoM..150..177S
883:Geological Magazine
866:2013Geo....41..171S
837:2012Palgy..55..305S
808:2010JSPal...8..147K
763:(1496): 1557–1568.
736:2007Palgy..50..765S
707:2007JGSoc.164..731S
678:2007Pbio...33..310S
567:2001Pbio...27..187P
530:2001Pbio...27..241S
443:2001Pbio...27..241S
399:2000JPal...74..763S
370:1998Natur.392...69S
341:1994Pbio...20..259S
312:1988RSPTA.326..189S
283:1988GSLSP..37..275R
254:1987Natur.330..248P
181:Awards and honours
172:Echinoid Directory
1929:(1381): 467–474.
1717:(6998): 411–412.
1413:(1083): 577–679.
1321:The Royal Society
1262:978-0-521-52341-7
1241:978-90-5410-596-1
1218:978-1-4443-1390-1
1098:978-0-04-563001-1
1076:978-0-901702-86-9
1043:by A. B. Smith".
1031:978-0-19-972960-9
975:978-0-470-99928-8
947:by A. B. Smith".
642:(10): 1832–1851.
602:(1444): 639–653.
478:(1407): 351–367.
306:(1589): 189–227.
248:(6145): 248–251.
2118:
2056:
2055:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2023:. 16 April 2024.
2017:
2011:
2010:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1946:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1854:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1750:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1570:
1564:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1526:(1594): 53–105.
1515:
1509:
1508:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1332:
1324:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1296:
1266:
1245:
1222:
1202:
1193:
1187:
1179:
1158:
1152:
1144:
1125:
1119:
1111:
1102:
1080:
1068:
1048:
1035:
1008:
979:
966:Palaeobiology II
952:
936:
906:
877:
874:10.1130/G33773.1
848:
819:
790:
780:
747:
718:
689:
659:
629:
619:
586:
549:
515:
505:
495:
462:
428:
418:
381:
352:
323:
294:
265:
262:10.1038/330248a0
234:Journal articles
201:and in 2002 the
153:mass extinctions
27:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2038:Andrew Smith".
2033:
2032:
2028:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1852:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1748:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1723:10.1038/430411a
1708:
1707:
1703:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1633:10.2307/1941349
1610:
1609:
1605:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1551:
1547:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1325:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1298:
1297:
1278:
1274:
1263:
1248:
1242:
1227:
1219:
1205:
1196:
1180:
1176:
1163:
1145:
1141:
1128:
1112:
1105:
1099:
1084:
1077:
1066:
1059:
1056:
1038:
1032:
1011:
1005:
984:
976:
962:by A. B. Smith"
955:
939:
933:
916:
913:
880:
851:
822:
793:
750:
721:
692:
686:10.1666/06073.1
662:
632:
589:
552:
513:
508:
465:
426:
421:
384:
364:(6671): 69–71.
355:
326:
297:
268:
239:
236:
231:
183:
174:
149:Colin Patterson
118:Gloucestershire
110:Inferior Oolite
90:Shetland Museum
50:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2124:
2122:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2052:10.1086/414190
2026:
2012:
2007:www.palass.org
1994:
1976:
1958:
1909:
1882:(8): 303–306.
1866:
1840:
1829:(3): 279–292.
1813:
1778:
1759:(3): 138–142.
1736:
1701:
1682:(2): 265–292.
1665:
1646:
1619:(4): 802–811.
1603:
1565:
1545:
1510:
1483:(3): 437–447.
1467:
1448:(1): 123–150.
1432:
1397:
1362:
1359:: 17–18. 2002.
1340:
1323:; elected 2002
1308:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1261:
1246:
1240:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1217:
1194:
1174:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1139:
1103:
1097:
1082:
1075:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1036:
1030:
1009:
1003:
987:"Chapter one.
982:
981:
980:
974:
937:
931:
912:
909:
908:
907:
889:(1): 177–182.
878:
860:(2): 171–174.
849:
831:(2): 305–324.
820:
802:(2): 147–212.
791:
748:
730:(4): 765–774.
719:
701:(4): 731–745.
690:
672:(2): 310–323.
660:
630:
587:
550:
506:
463:
437:(2): 241–253.
419:
382:
353:
335:(3): 259–273.
324:
295:
277:(1): 275–306.
266:
235:
232:
230:
227:
219:Lapworth Medal
182:
179:
173:
170:
52:Growing up in
49:
46:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2123:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2076:Living people
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2030:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1870:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1817:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1782:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1705:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1669:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1574:Kennedy, W.J.
1569:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1442:Palaeontology
1436:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1401:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1366:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1264:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1234:. CRC Press.
1233:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1185:
1177:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1142:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1117:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1083:
1078:
1072:
1065:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1014:"Chapter 22.
1010:
1006:
1004:0-521-66301-6
1000:
996:
992:
990:
983:
977:
971:
967:
963:
961:
954:
953:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
928:
924:
920:
919:Echinodermata
915:
914:
911:Book chapters
910:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
825:Palaeontology
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
792:
788:
784:
779:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
724:Palaeontology
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
631:
627:
623:
618:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
512:
507:
503:
499:
494:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
425:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
383:
379:
378:10.1038/32155
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
238:
237:
233:
228:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
211:Royal Society
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
180:
178:
171:
169:
167:
163:
158:
154:
150:
145:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
102:Euan Clarkson
99:
95:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
73:
69:
68:Penarth Group
65:
61:
60:
55:
47:
45:
43:
39:
35:
31:
26:
22:
18:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2015:
2006:
1997:
1988:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1926:
1922:
1912:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1860:
1857:Geoscientist
1856:
1843:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1756:
1752:
1739:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1662:(2): 81–137.
1659:
1655:
1649:
1616:
1612:
1606:
1581:
1577:
1568:
1553:
1548:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1480:
1476:
1470:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1410:
1406:
1400:
1378:(1): 57–66.
1375:
1371:
1365:
1356:
1352:
1343:
1320:
1311:
1301:
1251:
1230:
1207:
1198:
1165:
1130:
1107:
1087:
1062:
1044:
1040:
1021:
1015:
994:
988:
965:
959:
948:
944:
922:
918:
886:
882:
857:
853:
828:
824:
799:
795:
760:
756:
727:
723:
698:
694:
669:
666:Paleobiology
665:
639:
635:
599:
595:
558:
555:Paleobiology
554:
521:
518:Paleobiology
517:
475:
471:
434:
431:Paleobiology
430:
390:
386:
361:
357:
332:
329:Paleobiology
328:
303:
299:
274:
270:
245:
241:
222:
199:Bigsby Medal
184:
175:
146:
125:
83:
57:
51:
16:
15:
2071:1954 births
1584:(1): 9–40.
1208:pbk reprint
203:Lyell Medal
166:ancient DNA
38:echinoderms
2065:Categories
1863:(5): 8–11.
1272:References
1175:019854491X
1140:0901702781
932:0582300991
561:(2): 187.
524:(2): 241.
393:(5): 763.
142:Cretaceous
116:region of
114:Cheltenham
59:Blue Peter
54:Stonehaven
1794:: 65–88.
1184:cite book
1149:cite book
1133:. Wiley.
1116:cite book
583:0094-8373
546:0094-8373
415:0022-3360
112:) of the
1904:21238085
1773:11324098
1731:15269751
1329:cite web
787:18192178
656:16777927
626:15253350
502:11316484
106:Aalenian
80:Shetland
76:Somerset
64:Rhaetian
1953:9149422
1944:1688388
1884:Bibcode
1796:Bibcode
1684:Bibcode
1641:1941349
1621:Bibcode
1613:Ecology
1586:Bibcode
1528:Bibcode
1505:9667992
1485:Bibcode
1450:Bibcode
1415:Bibcode
1380:Bibcode
1372:Lethaia
891:Bibcode
862:Bibcode
854:Geology
833:Bibcode
804:Bibcode
778:2615822
732:Bibcode
703:Bibcode
674:Bibcode
617:1693348
563:Bibcode
526:Bibcode
493:1088432
459:2666072
439:Bibcode
395:Bibcode
366:Bibcode
337:Bibcode
308:Bibcode
279:Bibcode
250:Bibcode
126:in vivo
94:Lerwick
72:Watchet
2046:: 65.
1951:
1941:
1902:
1771:
1729:
1711:Nature
1639:
1503:
1259:
1238:
1215:
1172:
1137:
1095:
1073:
1028:
1001:
972:
929:
785:
775:
654:
624:
614:
581:
544:
500:
490:
457:
413:
358:Nature
242:Nature
40:. His
34:Argyll
30:Dunoon
1853:(PDF)
1749:(PDF)
1637:JSTOR
1067:(PDF)
514:(PDF)
455:JSTOR
427:(PDF)
23:
1949:PMID
1900:PMID
1769:PMID
1727:PMID
1501:PMID
1335:link
1267:2002
1257:ISBN
1236:ISBN
1213:ISBN
1190:link
1170:ISBN
1155:link
1135:ISBN
1122:link
1093:ISBN
1071:ISBN
1026:ISBN
999:ISBN
970:ISBN
927:ISBN
783:PMID
652:PMID
622:PMID
579:ISSN
542:ISSN
498:PMID
411:ISSN
185:The
66:age
25:FRSE
2048:doi
1939:PMC
1931:doi
1927:264
1892:doi
1831:doi
1804:doi
1761:doi
1719:doi
1715:430
1692:doi
1680:154
1629:doi
1594:doi
1582:117
1558:doi
1536:doi
1524:327
1493:doi
1458:doi
1423:doi
1411:296
1388:doi
899:doi
887:150
870:doi
841:doi
812:doi
773:PMC
765:doi
761:363
740:doi
711:doi
699:164
682:doi
644:doi
612:PMC
604:doi
600:359
571:doi
534:doi
488:PMC
480:doi
476:356
447:doi
403:doi
374:doi
362:392
345:doi
316:doi
304:326
287:doi
258:doi
246:330
92:in
70:at
21:FRS
2067::
2044:60
2042:.
2005:.
1987:.
1969:.
1947:.
1937:.
1925:.
1921:.
1898:.
1890:.
1880:12
1878:.
1859:.
1855:.
1827:51
1825:.
1802:.
1792:30
1790:.
1767:.
1755:.
1751:.
1725:.
1713:.
1690:.
1678:.
1660:55
1658:.
1635:.
1627:.
1617:70
1615:.
1592:.
1580:.
1534:.
1522:.
1499:.
1491:.
1479:.
1456:.
1446:47
1444:.
1421:.
1409:.
1386:.
1376:11
1374:.
1357:50
1355:.
1351:.
1331:}}
1327:{{
1319:.
1279:^
1186:}}
1182:{{
1151:}}
1147:{{
1118:}}
1114:{{
1020:.
993:.
964:.
897:.
885:.
868:.
858:41
856:.
839:.
829:55
827:.
810:.
798:.
781:.
771:.
759:.
755:.
738:.
728:50
726:.
709:.
697:.
680:.
670:33
668:.
650:.
640:23
638:.
620:.
610:.
598:.
594:.
577:.
569:.
559:27
557:.
540:.
532:.
522:27
520:.
516:.
496:.
486:.
474:.
470:.
453:.
445:.
435:27
433:.
429:.
409:.
401:.
391:74
389:.
372:.
360:.
343:.
333:20
331:.
314:.
302:.
285:.
275:37
273:.
256:.
244:.
225:.
144:.
74:,
32:,
2054:.
2050::
2009:.
1991:.
1973:.
1955:.
1933::
1906:.
1894::
1886::
1861:7
1837:.
1833::
1810:.
1806::
1798::
1775:.
1763::
1757:1
1733:.
1721::
1698:.
1694::
1686::
1643:.
1631::
1623::
1600:.
1596::
1588::
1560::
1542:.
1538::
1530::
1507:.
1495::
1487::
1481:9
1464:.
1460::
1452::
1429:.
1425::
1417::
1394:.
1390::
1382::
1337:)
1265:.
1244:.
1221:.
1192:)
1157:)
1124:)
1101:.
1079:.
1034:.
1007:.
978:.
958:"
935:.
905:.
901::
893::
876:.
872::
864::
847:.
843::
835::
818:.
814::
806::
800:8
789:.
767::
746:.
742::
734::
717:.
713::
705::
688:.
684::
676::
658:.
646::
628:.
606::
585:.
573::
565::
548:.
536::
528::
504:.
482::
461:.
449::
441::
417:.
405::
397::
380:.
376::
368::
351:.
347::
339::
322:.
318::
310::
293:.
289::
281::
264:.
260::
252::
108:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.