204:(NUUz) in the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics. At that time, Belozersky didn't even have a secondary diploma. He was taught by N. A. Dimo, A. L. Brodsky, P. A. Baranov, I. A. Raikova, A. I. Vvedensky, and others. While studying, Belozersky was working as a laboratory assistant (1923–1924), and from 1925, Belozersky had been teaching at the Faculty of Labor in NUUz. Also, at this university, under the guidance of A. V. Blagoveshchensky, he made his first research work—an investigation of
348:
development of a detailed plan for the study of molecular biology in the USSR, which was formulated in the
Government Decree of 19 April 1974 (adopted after the death of A. N. Belozersky): "On measures to accelerate the development of molecular biology and molecular genetics and the use of their achievements in the national economy."
389:) found in yeast and wheat seedlings. The first was called "animal," and the second was called "vegetable." The first significant works performed by A. N. Belozersky relate to the issue of "animal" and "plant" nucleic acids. In 1934, articles by A. R. Kiesel and A. N. Belozersky appeared in the journal "
421:
While
Belozersky was studying bacteria, he noted the high content of nucleic acids in cells, amounting to 30% of the dry weight, unlike higher organisms. A. N. Belozersky concluded that this fact is associated with high rates of reproduction and growth of bacteria. Later, A. N. Belozersky showed that
473:
varies little from species to species. At the same time, the composition of proteins also varies greatly from species to species. Soviet scientists have proved that the DNA-RNA-protein biosynthesis scheme requires that all elements be in a certain composite correspondence. This conclusion led to the
528:
in bacteria was the beginning of numerous studies of the composition of nucleic acids in other organisms. These studies were conducted from 1958 to 1965 in groups of the Moscow State
University and the USSR Academy of Sciences, headed by A. N. Belozersky. As a result, the composition of DNA and RNA
347:
of the USSR Academy of
Sciences and Chairman of the Section of Chemical-Technological and Biological Sciences of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences. He worked to promote fundamental scientific achievements to meet the needs of industry and agriculture. He was one of the organizers of the
342:
A. N. Belozersky worked for a long time at the USSR Academy of
Sciences. In 1963, he was elected Deputy Academician-Secretary of the Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Chemistry of Physiologically Active Compounds of the USSR Academy of Sciences; in 1970, he became Academician-Secretary of
268:
A. N. Belozersky was directly involved in the renovation and modernization of laboratories and participated in the creation of new places for practical classes. He improved the existing lecture courses for students in the
Faculty of Biology and created new ones. He wrote a "Practical Guide to Plant
562:
and his wife M. G. Brazhnikova. In the first works on this topic, the polypeptide nature of gramicidin was shown and its amino acid composition was determined (A. N. Belozersky, T. S. Paskhina). Furthermore, several substituted gramicidin derivatives were obtained, and their activity was studied.
592:
systems. He made an attempt to fractionate nucleoprotein samples and thus developed a methodological scheme for this process, which later played a major role in the study of nucleic acids. Based on his experiments, Belozersky concluded that nucleic acids in cells exist in various complexes with
183:
A. N. Belozersky was born in
Tashkent, in the family of an official. His father, Nikolay Andreevich Belozersky, was born into a Russian family that migrated to Central Asia, and worked as a lawyer in the judicial chamber. His mother, Evgeniya Semenovna Lahtina, worked as a musician teacher in a
641:
During his years at the N. F. Gamalei
Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, A. N. Belozersky conducted studies of the antigenic and immunogenic properties of E. coli nucleoproteins. Under his leadership, studies of polysaccharides were initiated in
272:
A. N. Belozersky was very fond of young people, closely following the educational and scientific activities of students. Belozersky created a large school of
Russian biochemists (A. S. Spirin, A. S. Antonov, B. F. Vanyushin, I. B. Naumova, etc.). Under his leadership, a large number of people
264:
In 1963, A. N. Belozersky became the head of the newly organized
Department of Virology at the Biology and Soil Faculty, and in 1965, the newly created problematic interfaculty laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, which in 1991 became the A. N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical
537:
composition of proteins in response to the substitution of nucleotides in DNA (A. S. Antonov), and the study of phosphate in the simplest organisms, particularly in aspects of its transfer from the environment, transport, accumulation, and forms of existence (I. S. Kulaev, M. S. Kritsky).
569:
533:). Today, this direction is being developed by A. S. Antonov and other students of Belozersky.The scientific activities of the groups headed by A. N. Belozersky include the study of the species functional specificity of adaptive RNAs (G. N. Zaitseva), the study of changes in the
638:. At the Department of Plant Biochemistry, V. B. Korchagin (1954) and I. S. Kulaev (1957) wrote the first PhD dissertations on polyphosphates. I.B. Naumova (1903–2003), a graduate of the Department of Plant Biochemistry, studied the structure and functions of teichoic acids.
529:
was studied in many actinomycetes (N. V. Shugaeva), fungi (B. F. Vanyushin), algae (M. V. Pakhomova, G. P. Serenkov), and some higher plants (B. F. Vanyushin). A. N. Belozersky actively participated in the creation of modern genosystematics (DNA systematics,
438:): the relationship of the number of nucleic acids with the intensity of protein biosynthesis. These conclusions were made by A. N. Belozersky long before the appearance of the "molecular biology" term associated with the publication in the journal "
253:
In 1943, A. N. Belozersky was appointed professor of the Biological Faculty of Moscow State University. In 1960, he was appointed Head of the Department of Plant Biochemistry of Moscow State University (now the Department of Molecular Biology of the
334:
A. N. Belozersky conducted extensive scientific and editorial work. He has prepared a number of monographs and reviews for publication. He was the chief editor of the journal "Successes of Modern Biology" (1963–1972) and editor of the journals
413:
was confirmed in linden buds, onion bulbs, and wheat germ. The results obtained by Belozersky made it possible to reject the division of nucleic acids into "animal" and "plant" and to affirm the idea of the universal distribution of
691:
687:
356:
A. N. Belozersky was married twice and had three children: his daughter Natalia from his first marriage and two children from his second marriage, Mikhail and Tatiana. The children were educated in areas close to biology.
393:" and then in 1935 in the "Scientific Notes of Moscow State University''. In these articles, the presence of thymonucleic acid in plant cells was shown. A. N. Belozersky was the first to isolate and identify
604:. The research of A. N. Belozersky in 1936–1942 established for the first time the presence of tryptophan-containing proteins in the nucleoproteins of plants and animals. Also, A. N. Belozersky and
301:
261:
From 1951 to 1954, A. N. Belozersky was director of the Biology and Soil Research Institute and, between 1954 and 1960, he was head of the Botanical Department of the Biology and Soil Faculty.
454:
molecule. Thus, as a result of research from 1939 to 1947, A. N. Belozersky obtained the first scientific information in the world on the content of nucleic acids in various bacterial species.
390:
188:
orphanage, but he was accepted into the family of his mother's sister in 1917, when the orphanage was closed. Tatyana Semenovna Ivanova, sister of Andrey's mother, lived in Verny town (now
825:Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР от 13 марта 1969 г. в Высокая оценка достижений советской науки Архивная копия от 6 октября 2013 на Wayback Machine // Вестник АН СССР, 1969, No. 4
211:
In 1927, A. N. Belozersky graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics with the specialty "plant physiology." From 1927 to 1930, he studied at the postgraduate school of NUUz.
481:“The phase of confusion was started by an article by Belozersky and Spirin in 1958. The data they provided showed that our ideas on a number of important points were too simplistic.”
608:
isolated histones from wheat germ deoxyribonucleoprotein. This was another proof of the unity of the principles of the organization of the nuclear apparatus in plants and animals.
863:
659:
223:, which was being created at that time. Under the guidance of A. R. Kiesel, Belozersky began to study plant proteins at different stages of plant ontogenesis, in particular
868:
457:
In a paper published in 1957 in Russian, and in 1958 in English, A. N. Belozersky and his student A. S. Spirin discovered an inconsistency between the composition of
238:
Beginning in 1930, A. N. Belozersky worked at the Department of Plant Biochemistry of Moscow State University. He started as an assistant (1930–1932), then became an
780:Спирин А. С., Белозерский А. Н., Шугаева Н. В., Ванюшин Б. Ф. Изучение видовой специфичности нуклеиновых кислот у бактерий. — Биохимия, 22, 744—754, 1957.
888:
675:
294:
159:
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In 1930, Belozersky met Alexander Robert Kiesel during a trip to Moscow and was invited to work at the Department of Plant Biochemistry at
726:Белозерский Андрей Николаевич // Большая советская энциклопедия: / под ред. А. М. Прохоров — 3-е изд. — М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1969
184:
gymnasium. There were three children in their family: Nikolay, Lidiya, and Andrey. When his parents died in 1913, Andrey was sent to the
873:
662:
in 1958, and in 1962, a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences for his great contribution to science. He was awarded the title of
258:
of Moscow State University). After the death of A. N. Belozersky, the department was headed by his student, academician A. S. Spirin.
798:
Crick F. The present position in coding problem. -Brookhaven Symp. on structure and function of genetics elements. N. Y., 1959, p.35.
707:
671:
201:
315:
A. N. Belozersky has repeatedly participated in international congresses on biochemistry (Belgium, Austria) and lectured at the
162:
from 1962 and its vice president from 28 May 1971 to 31 December 1972. He conducted research related to the composition of
878:
582:
A. N. Belozersky was interested in the question of the existence of complexes between nucleic acids and proteins (called "
564:
426:, is not a constant value for one species and changes with the age of the culture: young bacterial cells may contain more
674:(1951). Belozersky was also awarded the medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945" and the medal "
278:
293:(now the Laboratory of Biochemistry of Stress of Microorganisms) at the A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry of the
883:
82:
Hero of Socialist Labor (1969), three Orders of Lenin (1961, 1965, 1969), Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1951)
250:
for the degree of Doctor of Biological Sciences on the topic "Nucleoproteins and polynucleic acids of plants."
699:
In 1971, A. N. Belozersky was elected a member of the German Academy of Natural Scientists "Leopoldina" in the
663:
220:
682:
616:
The study of the DNA nucleotide composition in different organisms led to another direction – the study of
431:
336:
255:
807:Общая схема эволюции царств живой природы на основе анализа нуклеотидного состава ДНК их представителей.
243:
166:
and their distribution in different organisms. He also obtained the first evidence of the existence of
858:
853:
361:
316:
274:
554:. A. N. Belozersky studied the chemical structure of one of the most effective Soviet antibiotics,
239:
744:
Kiesel A., Beloserskii A. Hoppe-Seyler’s Zeitschrift fur physiologishe Chemie, 229, 160—166. 1934.
397:, first from the seedlings of pea seeds and then from the seeds of other legumes. He isolated the
324:
681:
In 1948, the Scientific Council of Moscow State University awarded Andrey Nikolaevich the first
627:
bases in DNA. These studies were carried out by a student of A. N. Belozersky, B. F. Vanyushin.
302:
N. F. Gamalei Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences
360:
A. N. Belozersky died in Moscow from stomach cancer on 31 December 1972, and was buried at the
706:
A. N. Belozersky's name was assigned to the Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology of
377:
In the early 1930s, A. N. Belozersky was the first in the USSR to begin a systematic study of
320:
151:
439:
328:
596:
It was assumed by F. Mischer and A. Kossel that the protein component of nucleoproteins is
242:(1932–1943), and finally a professor (1943–1972). In 1938, he was awarded the degree of
667:
647:
402:
344:
309:
139:
847:
643:
635:
631:
583:
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These works were carried out in the newly organized laboratory of antibiotics at the
517:
475:
462:
447:
224:
167:
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discovered by Belozersky and Spirin turned out to be a rapidly synthesizing form of
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605:
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555:
551:
530:
443:
435:
378:
247:
232:
163:
155:
143:
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than old ones. Andrey Nikolaevich pointed out a new aspect (at the same time with
617:
696:
for his work "On the Nucleoproteins and Polynucleotides of Certain Bacteria."
624:
601:
547:
534:
290:
147:
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and is determined by its structure. Later, they suggested that this part of
277:
and doctoral dissertations, and a number of students became members of the
189:
185:
135:
630:
A. N. Belozersky made a great contribution to the research on inorganic
312:
properties of E. coli nucleoproteins in association with V. D. Gekker.
735:Благовещенский А. В., Белозерский А. Н., Бюлл. САГУ, вып. 7, 1–4. 1924.
597:
588:
394:
305:
228:
620:
381:. At that time, two types of nucleic acids were known: thymonucleic (
205:
816:Белозерский А. Н., Абелев Г. И. Вестник МГУ, No. 9, 103—108, 1955.
208:
concentration in water extracts of some mountain plants’ leaves.
113:
Andrey Vasilyevich Blagoveshchensky, Alexander Robertovich Kiesel
339:", "Cytology", and "Bulletin of the USSR Academy of Sciences."
525:
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382:
484:
Soviet scientists discovered that there is a certain part of
762:Белозерский А. Н., Чигирев С. Д. Биохимия, 1, 136—146, 1936.
642:
different groups of microorganisms: algae, azobacteria, and
578:
Structure of proteins and their complexes with nucleic acids
753:Белозерский А. Н. Ученые записки МГУ, вып.4, 209—215, 1935.
121:
A. S. Spirin, A. S. Antonov, B. F. Vanyushin, I. B. Naumova
105:
Department of Plant Biochemistry of the MSU Biology Faculty
496:
is a link in the transmission of genetic information from
520:).The work on the study of the nucleotide composition of
789:
Belozersky A.N., Spirin A.S. Nature, 182, 111—112, 1958.
200:
In 1921, when Belozersky was 16, he was enrolled at the
74:
one of discoverers of molecular biology in Soviet Union
771:
Watson J.D., Crick F.H.C. Nature, 171, 738—740, 1953.
646:. A wide variety of chemical structures of cell wall
391:
Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie
304:, where he carried out work related to the study of
134:(Андре́й Никола́евич Белозе́рский) (29 August 1905 (
117:
109:
101:
93:
78:
70:
62:
54:
42:
30:
23:
546:Another object of A. N. Belozersky's research was
478:wrote about the article by Belozersky and Spirin:
300:From 1947 to 1951, A. N. Belozersky worked at the
834:Известия, Моск. веч. вып., 1965, 28/VIII, No. 204
488:in the cells that coincides in composition with
474:destruction for the old scheme of this process.
269:Biochemistry" together with N.I. Proskuryakov.
450:on the establishment of a spatial model of the
593:proteins: unbound, labile, and firmly bound.
289:A. N. Belozersky founded a new laboratory of
170:and laid the foundations of genosystematics.
8:
864:Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
465:. They noticed that, with a wide range of
37:Tashkent, Turkestan region, Russian Empire
20:
869:Academic staff of Moscow State University
385:) isolated from calf thymus and "yeast" (
508:that transfers genetic information from
422:the amount of nucleic acids, especially
66:National University of Uzbekistan (NUUz)
719:
343:the department; and in 1971, he became
160:Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
512:to ribosomes. Later, this part of the
550:, the study of which he began during
405:seeds. Subsequently, the presence of
7:
565:A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry
368:Scientific activity and achievements
297:(1946), where he led until 1960.
14:
708:Lomonosov Moscow State University
654:Awards and scientific recognition
600:, a protein that doesn't contain
202:National University of Uzbekistan
672:Order of the Red Banner of Labor
418:in both plant and animal cells.
889:Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery
658:A. N. Belozersky was elected a
246:, and in 1943, he defended his
16:Soviet biologist and biochemist
146:)) was a Soviet biologist and
142:) – 31 December 1972 (Moscow,
132:Andrey Nikolayevich Belozersky
25:Andrey Nikolayevich Belozersky
1:
670:(1961, 1965, 1969), and the
469:changes, the composition of
158:. He was an academic of the
373:Nucleic acids investigation
279:Russian Academy of Sciences
905:
874:Heroes of Socialist Labour
701:German Democratic Republic
516:was called messenger RNA (
676:For the Defense of Moscow
500:to proteins. Part of the
227:, which are complexes of
215:Work at Moscow University
150:, one of the pioneers of
125:
86:
295:USSR Academy of Sciences
664:Hero of Socialist Labor
612:Other areas of research
327:(Czech Republic), and
683:M. V. Lomonosov Prize
244:Candidate of Sciences
879:Soviet biophysicists
660:corresponding member
558:, first obtained by
362:Novodevichy Cemetery
317:University of Tirana
138:, Turkestan region,
49:Moscow, Soviet Union
240:associate professor
34:16 (29) August 1905
325:Charles University
256:Faculty of Biology
884:Soviet biologists
321:Peking University
221:Moscow University
152:molecular biology
129:
128:
110:Academic advisors
88:Scientific career
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329:Sofia University
118:Notable students
46:31 December 1972
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668:Orders of Lenin
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648:polysaccharides
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273:defended their
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154:studies in the
63:Alma mater
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666:(1969), three
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636:teichoic acids
632:polyphosphates
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584:nucleoproteins
579:
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403:horse chestnut
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345:Vice-President
286:
285:Other activity
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225:nucleoproteins
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140:Russian Empire
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379:nucleic acids
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352:Personal life
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331:(Bulgaria).
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650:were found.
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629:
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606:G. I. Abelev
595:
587:
581:
556:gramicidin S
552:World War II
545:
531:DNA taxonomy
483:
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456:
420:
401:itself from
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337:Biochemistry
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248:dissertation
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156:Soviet Union
144:Soviet Union
131:
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102:Institutions
97:Biochemistry
87:
58:Soviet Union
18:
859:1972 deaths
854:1905 births
686: [
568: [
560:G. F. Gause
548:antibiotics
542:Antibiotics
442:" by James
364:in Moscow.
319:(Albania),
310:immunogenic
291:antibiotics
55:Citizenship
848:Categories
714:References
678:" (1945).
625:pyrimidine
618:methylated
602:tryptophan
535:amino acid
436:J. Brachet
265:Biology.
148:biochemist
444:J. Watson
323:(China),
306:antigenic
179:Childhood
174:Biography
476:F. Crick
448:F. Crick
229:proteins
190:Alma-Ata
186:Gatchina
136:Tashkent
598:histone
589:in vivo
395:thymine
281:(RAS).
621:purine
586:") in
440:Nature
206:proton
94:Fields
79:Awards
694:]
572:]
231:with
634:and
623:and
524:and
518:mRNA
461:and
446:and
434:and
409:and
308:and
275:PhDs
168:mRNA
43:Died
31:Born
526:RNA
522:DNA
514:RNA
510:DNA
506:RNA
502:RNA
498:DNA
494:RNA
490:DNA
486:RNA
471:RNA
467:DNA
459:DNA
452:DNA
428:RNA
424:RNA
416:DNA
411:DNA
407:RNA
399:DNA
387:RNA
383:DNA
235:.
192:).
850::
710:.
703:.
692:uk
690:;
688:ru
574:.
570:ru
335:"
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