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250:), in addition the shape is ovoid rather than spherical and it is scaly rather than smooth. It grows up to about 10 x 8 mm and is at first green, rapidly changing to grey-brown, with light red patches where the original bud scales have separated. It is hard and firm, but does not always persist on the tree for very long. Once the imago has emerged a small circular hole is apparent.
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species and has only been seen under culture conditions (1975). Removing and destroying cola-nut galls before they dry and the wasps emerge may help to reduce an infestation. While fairly large, and sometimes present in quite large numbers on scrub specimens, they cause no measurable harm.
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of the agamic phase emerges in early summer following the gall's inception. The bisexual generation gall is very similar to that of
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The galls are found in small groups, which however do not coalesce, helping to prevent mis-identification with the
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It is well known in continental Europe, occurring from Great
Britain to Asia Minor.
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develop as a chemically induced distortion of leaf axillary or terminal buds on
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Hedgerows, Hedges and Verges of
Britain and Ireland (Hedgerowmobile)
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Oak marble galls showing two stunted and two normal-sized examples
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202:, 1840) which lays single eggs within leaf buds using their
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Cola-nut gall cut open to show the unilocular cavity
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399:The Pocket Encyclopaedia of Plant Galls in Colour.
354:The Pocket Encyclopaedia of Plant Galls in Colour.
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206:. A previous name or synonym for the species
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378:Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls
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222:The physical appearance of the galls
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38:Mature galls on pedunculate oak
262:Cola-nut gall showing exit hole
189:) trees, caused by the agamic
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401:Pub. Blandford Press. Poole.
356:Pub. Blandford Press. Poole.
613:Taxa named by Theodor Hartig
380:. Pub. Brit Plant Gall Soc.
376:Stubbs, F. B. Edit. (1986)
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397:Darlington, Arnold (1975)
352:Darlington, Arnold (1975)
282:effecting the live bud of
603:Insects described in 1840
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44:Scientific classification
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427:Infoplease encyclopedia
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598:Hymenoptera of Europe
588:Gall-inducing insects
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442:"Andricus lignicola"
593:Hymenoptera of Asia
452:on 17 February 2012
482:Andricus lignicola
332:Rose bedeguar gall
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195:Andricus lignicola
153:Andricus lignicola
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555:Open Tree of Life
474:Taxon identifiers
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135:A. lignicola
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547:NBNSYS0000031918
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448:. Archived from
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248:Andricus kollari
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317:Oak marble gall
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244:oak marble gall
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187:Quercus petraea
175:pedunculate oak
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16:Species of wasp
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416:External links
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322:Pineapple gall
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171:Cola-nut galls
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24:Cola-nut gall
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454:. Retrieved
450:the original
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430:. Retrieved
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327:Red-pea gall
307:Knopper gall
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254:Distribution
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216:A. venheurni
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208:A. lignicola
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529:iNaturalist
456:18 December
280:A. kollari,
183:sessile oak
101:Hymenoptera
577:Categories
432:4 November
338:References
270:Life-cycle
204:ovipositor
81:Arthropoda
608:Oak galls
583:Cynipidae
409:. p. 155.
364:. P. 155.
312:Oak apple
302:Gall wasp
191:gall wasp
129:Species:
111:Cynipidae
67:Kingdom:
61:Eukaryota
505:BioLib:
497:Q4759306
491:Wikidata
388:. P. 52.
291:See also
122:Andricus
107:Family:
77:Phylum:
71:Animalia
57:Domain:
521:4497054
284:Quercus
163:, 1840)
117:Genus:
97:Order:
91:Insecta
87:Class:
560:794661
534:127730
423:"Gall"
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200:Hartig
161:Hartig
508:65798
276:imago
181:) or
516:GBIF
458:2011
434:2008
403:ISBN
382:ISBN
358:ISBN
297:Gall
274:The
214:and
542:NBN
210:is
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369:^
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
