484:
hesitation among the gentry and upper classes, and somewhat more enthusiasm among the lower classes — but the popular mood was largely in his favour. His claims were bolstered by his correct prediction of the locations of two treasures, which he claimed were specified in the "sealed writing" that had been handed to his caretakers by
Perseus, and had later been given to him. Even if there were apprehensions about the veracity of his claim, Niese notes that "one liked to believe what one wished; the re-establishment of Macedonia enabled liberation from the burden of Roman rule. The longer these burdens had been borne, the happier they were at the prospect of Macedonia under a king restored from the old lineage."
510:
651:, Andrisus was decisively defeated. His harsh persecutions during his reign now showed their consequences; this single battle was enough to make him lose control of Macedon, as the people submitted to Metellus. He was forced to flee to Thrace, his original base of support, and began organizing a new army; however, Metellus pursued him swiftly and routed his forces before he could prepare them. Andriscus then fled to the Thracian princeling Byzes; however, Metellus managed to persuade the latter into becoming a Roman ally and handing Andriscus over as a prisoner, ending his reign.
625:
1871:
40:
1739:
535:
of the engagement are scarce, but Thalna was killed and his forces almost annihilated. It was the worst defeat Rome would suffer at the hands of the
Macedonians; Florus remarks on the irony of how "they that were invincible against real kings, were defeated by this imaginary and pretended king". The victory greatly increased the king's prestige; he obtained an alliance with
643:, to defeat Andriscus and check, if not quell, his uprising. Arriving in Greece in 148 BC, Metellus marched along the Thessalian coast in a combined land and sea advance, while the allied Pergamene fleet threatened the coastal district of northern Macedonia. To protect himself against both offensives, Andriscus took up a defensive position with his main army at
427:, he tried to advance his claims further, attracting significant attention and sympathy. When the leaders of Miletus learned about this, they arrested him and sought advice from visiting Roman envoys on what to do with him; the envoys were contemptuous of the pretender and told the Miletans he was safe to release. He continued his travels through
1769:
386:
offers a different account. According to him, Andriscus was already a mercenary in
Demetrius' army. Due to his resemblance to the former Macedonian king, his comrades started jokingly calling him "son of Perseus"; these jokes soon began becoming serious suspicions, and at one point, Andriscus himself
328:
By his own claims, he was educated at
Adramyttium until adolescence, until the Cretan died, after which he was raised with his foster mother. Upon reaching maturity, his mother (or foster mother, according to his claim) gave him a sealed parchment that was supposedly written by Perseus himself, along
984:
The Greco-Macedonian Elite. The
Seleucids respected the cultural and religious sensibilities of their subjects but preferred to rely on Greek or Macedonian soldiers and administrators for the day-to-day business of governing. The Greek population of the cities, reinforced until the second century BC
735:
It has been suggested that being the wife of the king's brother, Kallipa could not have acted secretly, and that
Athenaios and Attalus knew of her intrigues with Andriscus and deliberately allowed them to proceed. However, this is contradicted by the fact that a restored Macedon would be a threat to
681:
His main legacy was that in the aftermath of his revolt, the Romans understood the strength of anti-Roman feeling that had arisen in
Macedon, and realized that the old administration could not be sustained — a thorough reorganization was necessary. Another reason why reorganization was necessary was
483:
Although the
Macedonians' initial attitude had been lukewarm, his successes won him popularity and widespread support in Macedon. Anti-Roman sentiment was common in Macedon; the populace was obliging in overthrowing the old regime. Support for Andriscus was not uniform — there was significantly more
534:
Thalna, however, appears to have underestimated
Andriscus' strength, not taking into account the fact that the king's army had grown dramatically since his enthronement. Andriscus attacked and fought him at an unspecified location in Thessaly (Dio gives it as "near the borders of Macedon"); details
487:
However, it has also been suggested that the extent of his support may not have been as widespread as often believed, and that a significant amount of the
Macedonian populace remained pro-republican and pro-Roman. The relative lack of reprisals towards Macedon after his defeat, as compared to the
547:
At first, Andriscus attempted to negotiate his position with Rome, but when it became clear that they would not recognize his throne, he embarked on a strongly anti-Roman policy, He continued to cultivate his relations with his Thracian allies, to whom he owed his throne; they would continue to
530:
forces of Roman allies in Greece, a few Roman units and legates in the region and some resistance from the remnants of Rome's client republics in Macedon, some elements of which seem to have survived for some time into his reign. Soon, however, the Romans sent a legion under the praetor Publius
579:
Domestically, Andriscus implemented a strongly anti-Roman and anti-Republican policy. Ancient historians interpreted this as his cruelty and tyranny; it has been suggested that these were simply manifestations of his anti-Roman policy and his persecutions of his opponents, including pro-Roman
678:
accusations of tyranny probably reflect his harsh persecutions of pro-Roman and pro-republican elements in Macedon. At the same time, it is possible that he was indeed tyrannical, especially after his victory over Thalna, and perpetrated acts of terrorism and repression against his subjects.
677:
Ancient sources are extremely hostile, not only to the origins and claims, but also of the character of Andriscus — Diodorus calls him "shot through with cruelty, greed and every base quality"; Dio and Livy call him "a man of the lowest kind". They also describe him as cruel and tyrannical;
612:. It is therefore possible that he also used the denarii he seized as booty after his victory against Thalna to mint his own coins. The coins are also of poor quality, due to the short duration of his reign, the need to reuse old dies and the need to quickly produce wartime coinage.
615:
Some non-royal coinage has also been discovered and dated to the period of his reign, possibly struck by the remnants of the pro-Roman republics. It has also been suggested that the king was more liberal than implied by the sources, and allowed some degree of independent coinage.
462:
His first attempt to invade was unsuccessful, and he initially did not inspire much enthusiasm among the Macedonians; this made the Romans complacent about the pretender. However, he soon managed to encounter a force of Rome's Macedonian client republics, defeating them in
454:, who had once been an ally of Perseus. Teres and the other Thracian chieftains, especially a certain Barsabas, received him enthusiastically; he held a coronation ceremony at Teres' court, was given a few hundred Thracian troops, and set off on his campaign.
406:
In Rome, he was brought before the Senate, where Dio writes that he stood "in general contempt" due to what was perceived to be his ordinary nature and transparently false claim. The Romans believed his claim to be fake, because the real Philip had died at
717:
Supporting Andriscus was difficult because Rome was already suspicious of Demetrius; he had been a Seleucid hostage at Rome who had escaped and then become king without the Roman Senate's approval for the first year of his reign. Also, his wife,
398:; they were eager to help the claimant. They proceeded to such an extent that there were even calls for deposing the king if he did not help the pretender. Unmoved, or perhaps frightened, Demetrius had Andriscus arrested and sent to Rome.
387:
decided to seize the opportunity and claimed that he was indeed the son of Perseus. Niese attempts to reconcile both accounts, suggesting that he might have travelled to Syria and then enlisted as a mercenary before staking his claim.
348:
for Syria, where he declared his claim to be the illegitimate son of Perseus by a concubine. According to his own account, it was due to his mother (or foster mother) urging him to leave Pergamon to avoid the wrath of the pro-Roman
287:, he launched an invasion of Macedon, defeating Rome's clients and establishing his rule as king. The Romans naturally reacted militarily, triggering war; after some initial successes, Andriscus was defeated and captured by the
583:
At the same time, it is also possible that he was indeed tyrannical. His persecutions increased significantly after his victory over Thalna, costing him significant popularity; this would have dire consequences for him later.
517:
Andriscus' reign was defined to a significant degree by his military campaigns, due to his being in a constant state of war with Rome. After his conquest of the Kingdom, he enlarged the army and began campaigns to conquer
283:, to request assistance in claiming his throne. Demetrius refused and had him sent to Rome, where he was judged harmless and exiled to a city in Italy; he managed to escape, and after gathering support, primarily from
707:
Inviting Greek and Macedonian settlers to the Seleucid realm, and promoting the Hellenization of the realm, was a common policy of the Seleucids; this was the reason for large populations of Macedonian and Greek
682:
that Andriscus' persecutions had killed many pro-Roman republicans and thoroughly disrupted the old administrative structure; it would be difficult to re-establish it. Therefore, the Senate made Macedon a
435:. Being a Macedonian by birth, and due to her former connections to the Antigonids, she accepted his claim and agreed to help him, giving him money and slaves, and probably recommending that he travel to
411:
two years after his father Perseus. Considering him harmless, they simply exiled him to an Italian city, but he managed to escape; fleeing Italy, he went to the Greek world, to the city of
325:. His exact date of birth is unknown, though according to his own story, he was "of maturity" when he made his claims of royalty in 154 BC, and had been raised by a Cretan in Adramyttium.
559:, allied itself to him and promised him money and ships, though these could not be sent before his ultimate defeat. Significant sympathy, possibly cultivated to a degree by him, arose in
745:
In fact, the battle itself may have been decided by treachery in Andriscus' ranks; it is known that an important Macedonian general, Telestes, defected at a crucial period in the war.
390:
He appealed to the king to help him win back his "ancestral" throne, and found great popular support among the Seleucid populace, to the extent that there were riots in the capital,
341:
suggests that there is a possibility of his claims being true, but generally agrees that he was a pretender; his main advantage in his claims was his close resemblance to Perseus.
1791:
1013:
Like other Hellenistic kings, the Seleucids ruled with the help of their "friends" and a Greco-Macedonian elite class separate from the native populations whom they governed.
431:, meeting former acquaintances of Perseus and gaining an audience with Kallipa, a former concubine of Perseus who was now married to Athenaios, brother of the Pergamene king
297:
He was imprisoned for two years before being paraded in Metellus' triumph in 146 BC, after which he was executed. In the aftermath of his revolt, the Romans established the
636:
Thalna's defeat shook Roman prestige in the East, and made the Senate realize the full significance of the revolt. They organized a full consular army of two legions under
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He remained a prisoner over the next two years, while Metellus subdued any remaining Macedonian resistance, organized Macedon as a province and settled the
3644:
1759:
1821:
394:. Large segments of the Seleucid population were of Macedonian descent, nurturing strong anti-Roman sentiment since the Roman conquest of Macedon in the
1711:
Hoover, Oliver D. (2016). "Handbook of Coins of Macedon and Its Neighbors. Part I: Macedon, Illyria, and Epeiros, Sixth to First Centuries BC".
640:
291:
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337:; he would later use these to advance his claims. Ancient sources are unanimous in calling him an impostor and dismiss the story as false;
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208:
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remained staunchly pro-Roman; the Pergamenes were terrified of the prospect of a revived and strong Macedonia on their doorstep.
314:
264:
114:
539:, and his domestic popularity was increased dramatically, allowing him to stamp out republican resistance and conquer Thessaly.
509:
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1814:
275:. Around 153 BC, his ancestry was supposedly revealed to him, upon which he travelled to the court of his claimed uncle, the
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669:. Andriscus was brought in chains and paraded in the triumph, and later executed — the last king to reign over Macedon.
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The extent and nature of Andriscus' coinage is a matter of debate. It has been suggested that many of his coins were
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Foreign interest in relations with him increased dramatically after his victory over Thalna; as mentioned before,
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on the reverse. Only three coins of Andriscus are known, two of which are overstruck, one on a drachm of the
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2010:
1971:
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1955:
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1531:
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the Pergamenes, and that the Pergamenes would loyally assist Rome in the subsequent war against Andriscus.
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Details of his origins are vague and sometimes conflicting, though it is generally believed that he was a
196:
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1604:
Hoover, Oliver D. (2000). "A Dedication to Aphrodite Epekoos for Demetrius I Soter and His Family".
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245:
244:), based on his claim of being Philip, a now-obscure son of the last legitimate Macedonian king,
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of previous Antigonid, republican and Roman coinage. He issued a very small amount of silver
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2713:
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remained pro-Roman and continued to resist and fight him. King Attalus II Philadelphus of
556:
489:
374:
write that he simply went from Pergamon to Syria and directly staked his claim before the
223:
1650:
877:
Macedonia: A Voyage through History (Vol. 1, From Ancient Times to the Ottoman Invasions)
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by immigration from Greece, formed a dominant, although not especially cohesive, elite.
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301:, ending Macedonian independence and establishing a permanent presence in the region.
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Geschichte der griechischen und makedonischen Staaten seit der Schlacht bei Chaeronea
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471:. Amidst popular acclaim, he crowned himself king at the old Macedonian capital of
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Colonial education and class formation in early Judaism: a postcolonial reading
467:; he then invaded Macedon proper, defeating Rome's clients on the banks of the
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1545:
Morgan, M. Gwyn (1969). "Metellus Macedonicus and the Province Macedonia".
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1772: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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1566:Émile Chambry; Émeline Marquis; Alain Billault; Dominique Goust (2015),
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1763:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 975.
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167:
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MacKay, Pierre A. (1968). "Macedonian Tetradrachms of 148-147 B.C.".
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of 146 BC. When Metellus returned to Rome in 146 BC, he received the
560:
443:
436:
318:
284:
268:
216:
131:
118:
496:
in the same period, has been suggested as evidence for this theory.
442:
He was also received favourably in Byzantium. He finally arrived in
1799:
513:
Possible denarius minted by Publius Juventius Thalna c. 179–170 BC.
44:
Coin issued by Andriscus during his reign; Greek inscription reads
1744:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
644:
623:
508:
472:
450:, who had married the granddaughter of Perseus and was the son of
428:
1473:
600:, on which he pictured himself as a Hellenistic king, and added
367:
144:
2204:
1803:
329:
with the knowledge of the location of two hidden treasures, at
1715:. Vol. 3. Lancaster/London: Classical Numismatic Group.
235:
1869:
726:; she had married Demetrius after Perseus' defeat and death.
1217:
1215:
1213:
259:
Ancient sources generally agree that he was originally a
1366:
1364:
1001:. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 55.
943:
941:
248:. His reign lasted just one year and was toppled by the
1266:
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1236:
1234:
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1124:
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647:, where Metellus engaged him in battle. In the ensuing
832:
830:
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826:
824:
822:
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766:
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1792:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
548:
provide significant forces for him during his reign.
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2052:
2019:
1881:
1837:
964:
Western civilization: a history of European society
880:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 103–104.
783:
781:
179:
166:
154:
138:
107:
103:
85:
72:
64:
53:
32:
961:
1576:(in French), translated by Émile Chambry, Paris,
1660:Kuzmin, Yuri N. (2013). "Kallippa and Beroia".
211:154/153 BC – 146 BC), also often referenced as
628:Death of the "false Philip" in a 15th-century
2216:
1815:
8:
722:, had been the wife of Rome's former enemy,
960:Steven C. Hause; William S. Maltby (2004).
2223:
2209:
2201:
1822:
1808:
1800:
1627:Museum Notes (American Numismatic Society)
1606:Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik
1595:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
555:, which was under attack from Rome in the
531:Juventius Thalna to defeat the pretender.
81:Roman client republics in Macedon (actual)
38:
29:
3660:Pretenders of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
1547:Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte
1156:
772:
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700:
686:, with Metellus as its first governor.
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526:. Initial resistance to him were from
292:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus
3155:Mithridates IV Philopator Philadephos
1270:
1221:
1132:
1090:
848:
836:
787:
522:, a key part of the realm of the old
7:
3623:Hellenistic rulers were preceded by
2189:Debatable or disputed rulers are in
1713:The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series
366:He first staked his claim in Syria.
439:, where he would find a following.
3645:2nd-century BC Macedonian monarchs
665:for his victory and was granted a
294:, who subdued Macedon once again.
25:
1662:Rheinisches Museum für Philologie
162:Φίλιππος (Philippos) - royal name
1767:
1737:
1655:(in German). Gotha F.A. Perthes.
222:who became the last independent
1696:. Cambridge University Press.
1:
3627:in most of their territories.
2425:Cleopatra II Philometor Soter
968:. Thomson Wadsworth. p.
2174:Pseudo-Philip/Pseudo-Perseus
3655:2nd-century BC Greek people
2420:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
1795:. Vol. 1. p. 171.
344:Around 154/153 BC, he left
299:Roman province of Macedonia
3681:
874:Palairet, Michael (2016).
641:Quintus Caecilius Metellus
236:
200:
3621:
2325:Antigonus I Monophthalmus
2187:
2153:Post-Conquest Rebel Kings
2001:Alexander III (the Great)
1867:
997:Victor, Royce M. (2010).
37:
3650:Ancient Anatolian Greeks
2686:Antiochus XIII Asiaticus
2485:Cleopatra VII Philopator
1694:Roman republican coinage
1057:, pp. 281–282, 284.
3483:'s attempted rule with
3164:Mithridates V Euergetes
2576:Antiochus III the Great
2389:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
2330:Demetrius I Poliorcetes
2254:Alexander III the Great
1760:Encyclopædia Britannica
1568:Éditions Robert Laffont
608:, the other on a Roman
433:Attalus II Philadelphus
3267:Monarchs of Cappadocia
3169:Mithridates VI Eupator
2691:Philip II Philoromaeus
2676:Antiochus XII Dionysus
2666:Demetrius III Eucaerus
2661:Antiochus XI Epiphanes
2646:Antiochus IX Cyzicenus
2586:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
2581:Seleucus IV Philopator
2566:Seleucus II Callinicus
2465:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
2340:Demetrius II Aetolicus
1875:
633:
514:
305:Origins and early life
3209:Monarchs of Commagene
3130:Mithridates I Ctistes
2671:Philip I Philadelphus
2651:Seleucus VI Epiphanes
2641:Antiochus VIII Grypus
2636:Seleucus V Philometor
2621:Antiochus VII Sidetes
2611:Antiochus VI Dionysus
2571:Seleucus III Ceraunus
2470:Berenice IV Epiphanea
2415:Ptolemy VI Philometor
2399:Ptolemy IV Philopator
2394:Ptolemy III Euergetes
2259:Philip III Arrhidaeus
1873:
1498:Bibliotheca Historica
1479:Ab Urbe Condita Libri
673:Assessment and legacy
627:
512:
254:Fourth Macedonian War
160:Ἀνδρίσκος (Andrískos)
33:Andriscus (Philip VI)
27:Basileus of Macedonia
3043:Monarchs of Bithynia
2626:Alexander II Zabinas
2606:Demetrius II Nicator
2523:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
2490:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
2455:Ptolemy XI Alexander
2430:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
2335:Antigonus II Gonatas
396:Third Macedonian War
18:Andriscus of Macedon
3665:Impostor pretenders
3625:Hellenistic satraps
2656:Antiochus X Eusebes
2591:Antiochus V Eupator
2533:Cleopatra Selene II
2460:Ptolemy XII Auletes
2445:Ptolemy X Alexander
2440:Ptolemy IX Lathyros
2404:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
2345:Antigonus III Doson
1447:Velleius Paterculus
1428:, pp. 427–428.
1385:, pp. 426–427.
1358:, pp. 423–425.
1224:, pp. 333–334.
1093:, pp. 332–333.
1081:, pp. 285–286.
1069:, pp. 283–284.
851:, pp. 331–332.
458:Conquest of Macedon
357:Claiming the throne
3529:Monarchs of Epirus
3362:Cimmerian Bosporus
3122:Monarchs of Pontus
2681:Cleopatra Selene I
2561:Antiochus II Theos
2551:Seleucus I Nicator
2518:Demetrius the Fair
2500:Monarchs of Cyrene
2021:Antipatrid dynasty
1876:
724:Perseus of Macedon
634:
620:Downfall and death
515:
505:Military campaigns
184:Perseus of Macedon
3632:
3631:
3112:Socrates Chrestus
2601:Alexander I Balas
2596:Demetrius I Soter
2556:Antiochus I Soter
2302:Antipater Etesias
2198:
2197:
2116:Antigonid dynasty
2105:
2053:Dynastic conflict
1978:Ptolemy of Aloros
1966:
1690:Crawford, Michael
1583:978-2-221-10902-1
1539:Secondary sources
1394:Diodorus, Book 32
1346:, pp. 38–39.
1334:, pp. 26–34.
1310:, pp. 24–29.
1298:, pp. 37–39.
1102:Diodorus, Book 32
1008:978-0-567-24719-3
979:978-0-534-62164-3
935:Diodorus, Book 32
887:978-1-4438-8843-1
606:Thessalian League
380:Demetrius I Soter
281:Demetrius I Soter
190:
189:
173:Antigonid dynasty
46:ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ
16:(Redirected from
3672:
3424:
3340:Ariobarzanes III
2714:Ptolemy Epigonos
2616:Diodotus Tryphon
2409:Cleopatra I Syra
2384:Ptolemy Keraunos
2225:
2218:
2211:
2202:
2168:Pseudo-Alexander
2099:
2075:Ptolemy Ceraunus
1960:
1831:Kings of Macedon
1824:
1817:
1810:
1801:
1796:
1771:
1770:
1764:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1726:
1707:
1685:
1668:(3/4): 277–287.
1656:
1642:
1621:
1600:
1594:
1586:
1562:
1493:Diodorus Siculus
1429:
1423:
1417:
1410:
1404:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1225:
1219:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1147:, p. 36-37.
1142:
1136:
1130:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1015:
994:
988:
987:
967:
957:
951:
945:
936:
933:
927:
924:
918:
911:
905:
898:
892:
891:
871:
865:
858:
852:
846:
840:
834:
817:
810:
804:
797:
791:
785:
776:
770:
746:
743:
737:
733:
727:
715:
709:
705:
488:destructions of
384:Diodorus Siculus
239:
238:
210:
202:
42:
30:
21:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3617:
3523:
3514:Mithridates III
3418:
3361:
3360:Monarchs of the
3354:
3335:Ariobarzanes II
3320:Ariarathes VIII
3261:
3247:Mithridates III
3203:
3145:Mithridates III
3116:
3037:
2844:
2772:Greco-Bactrians
2766:
2718:
2695:
2537:
2494:
2379:Ptolemy I Soter
2365:
2311:
2268:
2235:
2229:
2199:
2194:
2183:
2148:
2110:
2048:
2015:
1877:
1865:
1833:
1828:
1777:
1768:
1753:, ed. (1911). "
1749:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1723:
1710:
1704:
1688:
1659:
1647:Niese, Benedict
1645:
1624:
1603:
1587:
1584:
1565:
1544:
1541:
1484:Periochae 46-50
1443:
1441:Primary sources
1438:
1433:
1432:
1424:
1420:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1381:
1377:
1369:
1362:
1354:
1350:
1342:
1338:
1330:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1290:
1281:
1277:
1269:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1239:
1228:
1220:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1167:
1163:
1155:
1151:
1143:
1139:
1131:
1118:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1089:
1085:
1077:
1073:
1065:
1061:
1053:
1049:
1045:Diodorus, 32.15
1044:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1023:
1019:
1009:
996:
995:
991:
980:
959:
958:
954:
946:
939:
934:
930:
925:
921:
912:
908:
899:
895:
888:
873:
872:
868:
859:
855:
847:
843:
835:
820:
811:
807:
798:
794:
786:
779:
771:
760:
755:
750:
749:
744:
740:
734:
730:
716:
712:
706:
702:
697:
692:
675:
649:Battle of Pydna
622:
590:
577:
575:Domestic policy
563:; however, the
557:Third Punic War
545:
507:
502:
481:
479:Popular support
475:in 150/149 BC.
460:
446:, where he met
421:
419:Gaining support
404:
364:
359:
307:
224:king of Macedon
161:
143:
121:
113:Presumed to be
112:
94:
80:
49:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3678:
3676:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3637:
3636:
3630:
3629:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3572:Neoptolemus II
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3533:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3487:
3478:
3469:
3467:Mithridates II
3464:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3433:Paerisades III
3430:
3425:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3366:
3364:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3330:Ariobarzanes I
3327:
3322:
3317:
3315:Ariarathes VII
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3290:Ariarathes III
3287:
3282:
3277:
3271:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3237:Mithridates II
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3213:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3140:Mithridates II
3137:
3132:
3126:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3003:Apollodotus II
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2776:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2728:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2631:Cleopatra Thea
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2504:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2375:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2321:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2278:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2245:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2205:
2196:
2195:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2164:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2120:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2025:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1986:
1981:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1887:
1885:
1883:Argead dynasty
1879:
1878:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1787:Smith, William
1779:Smith, William
1765:
1751:Chisholm, Hugh
1732:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1721:
1708:
1702:
1686:
1657:
1643:
1622:
1601:
1582:
1563:
1553:(4): 422–446.
1540:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1520:
1505:
1490:
1471:
1457:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1418:
1405:
1396:
1387:
1375:
1373:, p. 426.
1360:
1348:
1336:
1324:
1322:, p. 415.
1312:
1300:
1288:
1275:
1273:, p. 334.
1254:
1245:
1226:
1209:
1200:
1198:Polybius, 37.9
1191:
1182:
1173:
1161:
1159:, p. 225.
1149:
1137:
1135:, p. 333.
1116:
1114:, p. 423.
1104:
1095:
1083:
1071:
1059:
1047:
1038:
1029:
1027:, p. 107.
1017:
1007:
989:
978:
952:
950:, p. 108.
937:
928:
919:
906:
893:
886:
866:
853:
841:
839:, p. 332.
818:
805:
792:
777:
757:
756:
754:
751:
748:
747:
738:
728:
710:
699:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
684:Roman province
674:
671:
621:
618:
589:
586:
576:
573:
565:Achaean League
544:
543:Foreign policy
541:
506:
503:
501:
498:
480:
477:
459:
456:
420:
417:
403:
400:
363:
360:
358:
355:
306:
303:
250:Roman Republic
188:
187:
181:
177:
176:
170:
164:
163:
158:
152:
151:
140:
136:
135:
109:
105:
104:
101:
100:
91:Roman conquest
87:
83:
82:
74:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
51:
50:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3677:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3626:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3552:Neoptolemus I
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3448:Mithridates I
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3438:Paerisades IV
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3401:Paerisades II
3399:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3390:Spartokos III
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3325:Ariarathes IX
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3310:Ariarathes VI
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3295:Ariarathes IV
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3280:Ariarathes II
3278:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3252:Antiochus III
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3227:Mithridates I
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3102:Nicomedes III
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2933:Demetrius III
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2888:Antimachus II
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2878:Apollodotus I
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2835:Eucratides II
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2800:Euthydemus II
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
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1984:Perdiccas III
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1774:public domain
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1746:public domain
1735:
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1722:9780989825412
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1157:Crawford 1974
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773:Chisholm 1911
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469:Strymon river
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226:in 149 BC as
225:
221:
218:
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213:Pseudo-Philip
206:
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197:Ancient Greek
194:
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63:
60:
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52:
48:(King Philip)
47:
41:
36:
31:
19:
3587:Alexander II
3443:Paerisades V
3406:Spartokos IV
3370:Paerisades I
3345:Ariarathes X
3300:Ariarathes V
3275:Ariarathes I
3257:Antiochus IV
3242:Antiochus II
3174:Pharnaces II
3135:Ariobarzanes
3107:Nicomedes IV
3097:Nicomedes II
3023:Apollophanes
3008:Hippostratos
2923:Heliokles II
2883:Demetrius II
2863:Antimachus I
2825:Eucratides I
2820:Demetrius II
2805:Antimachus I
2790:Euthydemus I
2475:Ptolemy XIII
2450:Berenice III
2359:
2297:Antipater II
2264:Alexander IV
2190:
2178:
2173:
2167:
2160:
2159:
2129:Demetrius II
2124:Antigonus II
2101:
2095:Antigonus II
2085:Antipater II
2011:Alexander IV
1989:
1977:
1972:Alexander II
1962:
1926:Perdiccas II
1859:
1852:
1845:
1790:
1758:
1712:
1693:
1665:
1661:
1651:
1630:
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1339:
1327:
1315:
1303:
1291:
1283:
1278:
1252:Florus, 1.32
1248:
1207:Florus, 1.30
1203:
1194:
1185:
1180:Florus, 1.30
1176:
1164:
1152:
1140:
1107:
1098:
1086:
1074:
1062:
1050:
1041:
1032:
1020:
1012:
998:
992:
983:
963:
955:
931:
922:
914:
909:
901:
896:
876:
869:
861:
856:
844:
813:
808:
800:
795:
741:
731:
713:
703:
680:
676:
662:
653:
635:
614:
591:
582:
578:
550:
546:
533:
527:
516:
486:
482:
461:
441:
422:
405:
389:
365:
343:
335:Thessalonica
327:
308:
296:
258:
241:
227:
212:
204:
192:
191:
122:(modern-day
97:Alexander VI
89:
45:
3608:Pyrrhus III
3592:Olympias II
3562:Alexander I
3419: [
3416:Spartokos V
3285:Ariamnes II
3232:Antiochus I
3194:Pythodorida
3150:Pharnaces I
3071:Zipoetes II
3066:Nicomedes I
2983:Artemidoros
2978:Menander II
2918:Antialcidas
2903:Agathokleia
2858:Demetrius I
2850:Indo-Greeks
2840:Heliocles I
2795:Demetrius I
2785:Diodotus II
2762:Eumenes III
2757:Attalus III
2732:Philetaerus
2701:Lysimachids
2513:Berenice II
2480:Ptolemy XIV
2362:(pretender)
2292:Alexander V
2274:Antipatrids
2232:Hellenistic
2060:Demetrius I
2044:Alexander V
2039:Antipater I
1956:Amyntas III
1921:Alexander I
1891:Perdiccas I
1874:Vergina Sun
1783:"Andriscus"
1731:Attribution
1612:: 106–110.
1523:Cassius Dio
1426:Morgan 1969
1403:Dio, XXI.71
1383:Morgan 1969
1371:Morgan 1969
1356:Morgan 1969
1344:MacKay 1968
1332:MacKay 1968
1320:Hoover 2016
1308:MacKay 1968
1296:MacKay 1968
1241:MacKay 1968
1189:Dio, XXI.71
1169:MacKay 1968
1145:MacKay 1968
1112:Morgan 1969
1079:Kuzmin 2013
1067:Kuzmin 2013
1055:Kuzmin 2013
1036:Dio, XXI.71
1025:Hoover 2000
948:Hoover 2000
926:Dio, XXI.71
663:Macedonicus
656:Achaean War
594:overstrikes
409:Alba Fucens
372:Cassius Dio
321:in western
315:Adramyttium
271:in western
265:Adramyttium
252:during the
149:Roman Italy
115:Adramyttium
73:Predecessor
3639:Categories
3598:Pyrrhus II
3577:Alcetas II
3542:Tharrhypas
3509:Gepaepyris
3481:Scribonius
3375:Satyros II
3305:Orophernes
3217:Ptolemaeus
3199:Polemon II
3092:Prusias II
3061:Zipoetes I
3033:Strato III
2958:Theophilos
2938:Philoxenus
2893:Menander I
2873:Agathocles
2815:Agathocles
2780:Diodotus I
2752:Attalus II
2747:Eumenes II
2709:Lysimachus
2317:Antigonids
2070:Lysimachus
2006:Philip III
1990:Amyntas IV
1963:Argaeus II
1946:Amyntas II
1941:Aeropus II
1271:Niese 1903
1222:Niese 1903
1133:Niese 1903
1091:Niese 1903
849:Niese 1903
837:Niese 1903
788:Smith 1870
690:References
524:Antigonids
465:Odomantice
351:Eumenes II
331:Amphipolis
68:149–148 BC
3582:Pyrrhus I
3547:Alcetas I
3453:Pharnaces
3428:Kamasarye
3411:Leukon II
3395:Hygiainon
3350:Archelaus
3189:Polemon I
3087:Prusias I
3028:Strato II
3018:Zoilos II
3013:Dionysios
2993:Archebius
2963:Peukolaos
2928:Polyxenos
2868:Pantaleon
2810:Pantaleon
2742:Attalus I
2737:Eumenes I
2543:Seleucids
2371:Ptolemies
2360:Philip VI
2307:Sosthenes
2287:Philip IV
2282:Cassander
2249:Philip II
2179:Euephenes
2161:Andriscus
2090:Sosthenes
2034:Philip IV
2029:Cassander
1996:Philip II
1951:Pausanias
1931:Archelaus
1916:Amyntas I
1906:Aeropus I
1896:Argaeus I
1838:Legendary
1755:Andriscus
1674:0035-449X
1633:: 15–40.
1414:Periochae
1284:Periochae
915:Periochae
902:Periochae
862:Periochae
814:Periochae
801:Periochae
753:Citations
720:Laodice V
630:miniature
448:Teres III
378:monarch,
228:Philip VI
220:pretender
205:Andrískos
201:Ἀνδρίσκος
193:Andriscus
186:(claimed)
175:(claimed)
128:Balıkesir
86:Successor
79:(as king)
59:Macedonia
3613:Deidamia
3594:(regent)
3567:Aeacides
3504:Aspurgus
3397:(regent)
3380:Prytanis
3222:Sames II
3078:(regent)
3051:Boteiras
2998:Telephos
2988:Hermaeus
2943:Diomedes
2913:Strato I
2898:Zoilos I
2724:Attalids
2411:(regent)
2350:Philip V
2139:Philip V
2080:Meleager
1901:Philip I
1860:Tyrimmas
1781:(1870).
1692:(1974).
1682:24392713
1649:(1903).
1639:43573445
1618:20190661
1591:citation
1508:Polybius
708:descent.
610:denarius
602:Herakles
598:drachmae
569:Pergamon
553:Carthage
537:Carthage
520:Thessaly
494:Carthage
452:Cotys IV
376:Seleucid
362:In Syria
346:Pergamon
323:Anatolia
279:monarch
277:Seleucid
273:Anatolia
242:Philipos
237:Φίλιππος
215:, was a
55:Basileus
3603:Ptolemy
3557:Arybbas
3537:Admetus
3519:Cotys I
3499:Polemon
3494:Polemon
3490:Dynamis
3485:Dynamis
3476:Dynamis
3472:Asander
3462:Dynamis
3458:Asander
3385:Eumelos
3184:Arsaces
3159:Laodice
3082:Ziaelas
3076:Etazeta
2953:Epander
2948:Amyntas
2355:Perseus
2241:Argeads
2191:italics
2144:Perseus
2102:Pyrrhus
2065:Pyrrhus
1936:Orestes
1911:Alcetas
1846:Caranus
1789:(ed.).
1776::
1748::
1570:(ed.),
1559:4435094
1532:Book 21
1518:Book 37
1503:Book 32
1464:Epitome
1436:Sources
667:triumph
660:agnomen
638:praetor
588:Coinage
490:Corinth
425:Miletus
413:Miletus
402:In Rome
392:Antioch
289:praetor
246:Perseus
124:Edremit
111:Unknown
77:Perseus
3179:Darius
2973:Nicias
2968:Thraso
2908:Lysias
2234:rulers
1853:Coenus
1742:
1719:
1700:
1680:
1672:
1637:
1616:
1580:
1573:Lucian
1557:
1468:Book 1
1460:Florus
1455:Book I
1412:Livy,
1282:Livy,
1005:
976:
913:Livy,
900:Livy,
884:
860:Livy,
812:Livy,
799:Livy,
561:Greece
528:ad hoc
444:Thrace
437:Thrace
319:Aeolis
311:fuller
285:Thrace
269:Aeolis
261:fuller
180:Father
142:146 BC
132:Turkey
119:Aeolis
3492:with
3474:with
3460:with
3423:]
3157:with
2830:Plato
2508:Magas
1785:. In
1678:JSTOR
1635:JSTOR
1614:JSTOR
1555:JSTOR
1488:51-55
1416:49.21
917:49.27
904:49.26
864:49.27
803:49.22
695:Notes
645:Pydna
500:Reign
473:Pella
429:Ionia
339:Niese
313:from
263:from
232:Greek
217:Greek
168:House
156:Greek
65:Reign
1717:ISBN
1698:ISBN
1670:ISSN
1597:link
1578:ISBN
1486:and
1474:Livy
1286:50.1
1003:ISBN
974:ISBN
882:ISBN
492:and
370:and
368:Livy
333:and
145:Rome
139:Died
108:Born
3056:Bas
1757:".
1666:156
1610:131
423:In
317:in
267:in
209:fl.
117:in
57:of
3641::
3421:ru
1676:.
1664:.
1631:14
1629:.
1608:.
1593:}}
1589:{{
1551:18
1549:.
1529:,
1525:,
1516:,
1510:,
1501:,
1495:,
1482:,
1476:,
1466:,
1462:,
1453:,
1449:,
1363:^
1257:^
1229:^
1212:^
1119:^
1011:.
982:.
972:.
970:76
940:^
821:^
816:49
780:^
761:^
415:.
382:.
353:.
256:.
240:,
234::
207:;
203:,
199::
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2224:e
2217:t
2210:v
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1823:e
1816:t
1809:v
1725:.
1706:.
1684:.
1641:.
1620:.
1599:)
1561:.
1470:;
890:.
790:.
775:.
632:.
230:(
195:(
134:)
99:)
95:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
