464:
62:
2349:. Iron is an essential part of hemoglobin, and low iron levels result in decreased incorporation of hemoglobin into red blood cells. In the United States, 12% of all women of childbearing age have iron deficiency, compared with only 2% of adult men. The incidence is as high as 20% among African American and Mexican American women. In India it is even more than 50%. Studies have linked iron deficiency without anemia to poor school performance and lower
3006:
1263:
1486:
reticulocyte count can be done manually following special staining of the blood film. In manual examination, activity of the bone marrow can also be gauged qualitatively by subtle changes in the numbers and the morphology of young RBCs by examination under a microscope. Newly formed RBCs are usually slightly larger than older RBCs and show polychromasia. Even where the source of blood loss is obvious, evaluation of
8732:
1553:. In clinical workup, the MCV will be one of the first pieces of information available, so even among clinicians who consider the "kinetic" approach more useful philosophically, morphology will remain an important element of classification and diagnosis. Limitations of MCV include cases where the underlying cause is due to a combination of factors â such as iron deficiency (a cause of microcytosis) and vitamin
1274:
8762:
432:
8772:
672:
8752:
8742:
2630:
recently transfused for iron deficiency would have small, pale, iron deficient red blood cells (RBCs) and the donor RBCs of normal size and color. Similarly, a person transfused for severe folate or vitamin B12 deficiency would have two cell populations, but, in this case, the patient's RBCs would be larger and paler than the donor's RBCs.
440:
2931:
undergoing non-cardiac surgery demonstrated that patients were much less likely to require red cell transfusion and in those transfused, the volumes were unchanged (mean difference -0.09, 95% CI -0.23 to 0.05). Pre-operative hemoglobin concentration was increased in those receiving 'high dose' EPO, but not 'low dose'.
2810:. Daily iron supplements have been shown to be effective in reducing anemia in women of childbearing age. When taking iron supplements, stomach upset or darkening of the feces are commonly experienced. The stomach upset can be alleviated by taking the iron with food; however, this decreases the amount of iron absorbed.
2767:, and pernicious anemia, the most important of them being deficiency and sickle cell anemia with together 60% of market share because of highest prevalence as well as higher treatment costs compared with other types. Treatment for anemia depends on cause and severity. Vitamin supplements given orally (
2534:
anemias often present with neutrophil hypersegmentation (six to 10 lobes). The nonmegaloblastic macrocytic anemias have different etiologies (i.e. unimpaired DNA globin synthesis,) which occur, for example, in alcoholism. In addition to the nonspecific symptoms of anemia, specific features of vitamin B
483:
Symptoms of anemia can come on quickly or slowly. Early on there may be few or no symptoms. If the anemia continues slowly (chronic), the body may adapt and compensate for this change. In this case, no symptoms may appear until the anemia becomes more severe. Symptoms can include feeling tired, weak,
2992:
Anemia affects 27% of the world's population with iron-deficiency anemia accounting for more than 60% of it. A moderate degree of iron-deficiency anemia affected approximately 610 million people worldwide or 8.8% of the population. It is somewhat more common in females (9.9%) than males (7.8%).
1565:
The "kinetic" approach to anemia yields arguably the most clinically relevant classification of anemia. This classification depends on evaluation of several hematological parameters, particularly the blood reticulocyte (precursor of mature RBCs) count. This then yields the classification of defects
1325:
are often used instead to indirectly estimate the value. Hematocrit; however, is concentration dependent and is therefore not completely accurate. For example, during pregnancy a woman's RBC mass is normal but because of an increase in blood volume the hemoglobin and hematocrit are diluted and thus
2844:
preparations can be used. Parenteral iron can improve iron stores rapidly and is also effective for treating people with postpartum haemorrhage, inflammatory bowel disease, and chronic heart failure. The body can absorb up to 6 mg iron daily from the gastrointestinal tract. In many cases, the
2533:
Macrocytic anemia can be further divided into "megaloblastic anemia" or "nonmegaloblastic macrocytic anemia". The cause of megaloblastic anemia is primarily a failure of DNA synthesis with preserved RNA synthesis, which results in restricted cell division of the progenitor cells. The megaloblastic
4992:
Catassi C, Bai JC, Bonaz B, Bouma G, CalabrĂČ A, Carroccio A, Castillejo G, Ciacci C, Cristofori F, Dolinsek J, Francavilla R, Elli L, Green P, Holtmeier W, Koehler P, Koletzko S, Meinhold C, Sanders D, Schumann M, Schuppan D, Ullrich R, VĂ©csei A, Volta U, Zevallos V, Sapone A, Fasano A (September
2785:
Apart from that, iron supplements, antibiotics, immunosuppressant, bone marrow stimulants, corticosteroids, gene therapy and iron chelating agents are forms of anemia treatment drugs, with immunosuppressants and corticosteroids accounting for 58% of the market share. A paradigm shift towards gene
2633:
A person with sideroblastic anemia (a defect in heme synthesis, commonly caused by alcoholism, but also drugs/toxins, nutritional deficiencies, a few acquired and rare congenital diseases) can have a dimorphic smear from the sideroblastic anemia alone. Evidence for multiple causes appears with an
2869:
A 2012 review concluded that when considering blood transfusions for anaemia in people with advanced cancer who have fatigue and breathlessness (not related to cancer treatment or haemorrhage), consideration should be given to whether there are alternative strategies can be tried before a blood
1449:
A blood test will provide counts of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets. If anemia appears, further tests may determine what type it is, and whether it has a serious cause. although of that, it is possible to refer to the genetic history and physical diagnosis. These tests may also
2930:
unless hemoglobin levels are less than 10 g/dL or they have symptoms of anemia. Their use should be along with parenteral iron. The 2020 Cochrane
Anaesthesia Review Group review of erythropoietin (EPO) plus iron versus control treatment including placebo or iron for preoperative anaemic adults
2794:
Nutritional iron deficiency is common in developing nations. An estimated two-thirds of children and of women of childbearing age in most developing nations are estimated to have iron deficiency without anemia with one-third of them having an iron deficiency with anemia. Iron deficiency due to
2629:
A dimorphic appearance on a peripheral blood smear occurs when there are two simultaneous populations of red blood cells, typically of different size and hemoglobin content (this last feature affecting the color of the red blood cell on a stained peripheral blood smear). For example, a person
2983:
An estimated 30% of adults who require non-cardiac surgery have anemia. In order to determine an appropriate preoperative treatment, it is suggested that the cause of anemia be first determined. There is moderate level medical evidence that supports a combination of iron supplementation and
2909:
supplementation. The injections are quick-acting, and symptoms usually go away within one to two weeks. As the condition improves, doses are reduced to weeks and then can be given monthly. Intramuscular therapy leads to more rapid improvement and should be considered in patients with severe
1485:
is a calculation of the ratio between the level of anemia and the extent to which the reticulocyte count has risen in response. If the degree of anemia is significant, even a "normal" reticulocyte count actually may reflect an inadequate response. If an automated count is not available, a
406:
In 2013, anemia due to iron deficiency resulted in about 183,000 deaths â down from 213,000 deaths in 1990. This condition is most prevalent in children with also an above average prevalence in elderly and women of reproductive age (especially during pregnancy). Anemia is one of the six
1472:
Reticulocyte counts, and the "kinetic" approach to anemia, have become more common than in the past in the large medical centers of the United States and some other wealthy nations, in part because some automatic counters now have the capacity to include reticulocyte counts. A
2865:
who are not actively bleeding transfusions are only recommended when the hemoglobin is below 70 to 80g/L (7 to 8 g/dL). Transfusing earlier does not improve survival. Transfusions otherwise should only be undertaken in cases of cardiovascular instability.
391:
is typically based on a person's signs and symptoms. In those without symptoms, they are not recommended unless hemoglobin levels are less than 60 to 80 g/L (6 to 8 g/dL). These recommendations may also apply to some people with acute bleeding.
1924:
Confirm by repeating reticulocyte count: ongoing combination of low reticulocyte production index, normal MCV and hemolysis or loss may be seen in bone marrow failure or anemia of chronic disease, with superimposed or related hemolysis or blood
7323:
7304:
2353:
in teenage girls, although this may be due to socioeconomic factors. Iron deficiency is the most prevalent deficiency state on a worldwide basis. It is sometimes the cause of abnormal fissuring of the angular (corner) sections of the lips
447:
A person with anemia may not have any symptoms, depending on the underlying cause, and no symptoms may be noticed, as the anemia is initially mild, and then the symptoms become worse as the anemia worsens. A patient with anemia may report
376:. The diagnosis of anemia in men is based on a hemoglobin of less than 130 to 140 g/L (13 to 14 g/dL); in women, it is less than 120 to 130 g/L (12 to 13 g/dL). Further testing is then required to determine the cause.
2754:
The global market for anemia treatments is estimated at more than USD 23 billion per year and is fast growing because of the rising prevalence and awareness of anemia. The types of anemia treated with drugs are iron-deficiency anemia,
1326:
decreased. Another example would be bleeding where the RBC mass would decrease but the concentrations of hemoglobin and hematocrit initially remains normal until fluids shift from other areas of the body to the intravascular space.
683:). Several of these may interplay to cause anemia. The most common cause of anemia is blood loss, but this usually does not cause any lasting symptoms unless a relatively impaired RBC production develops, in turn, most commonly by
3828:"Global, regional, and national trends in haemoglobin concentration and prevalence of total and severe anaemia in children and pregnant and non-pregnant women for 1995â2011: a systematic analysis of population-representative data"
2993:
Mild iron-deficiency anemia affects another 375 million. Severe anaemia is prevalent globally, and especially in sub-Saharan Africa where it is associated with infections including malaria and invasive bacterial infections.
2795:
inadequate dietary iron intake is rare in men and postmenopausal women. The diagnosis of iron deficiency mandates a search for potential sources of blood loss, such as gastrointestinal bleeding from ulcers or colon cancer.
2926:(ESA) is to maintain hemoglobin at the lowest level that both minimizes transfusions and meets the individual person's needs. They should not be used for mild or moderate anemia. They are not recommended in people with
3338:
Bhutta ZA, Das JK, Rizvi A, Gaffey MF, Walker N, Horton S, Webb P, Lartey A, Black RE (August 2013). "Evidence-based interventions for improvement of maternal and child nutrition: what can be done and at what cost?".
2344:
to meet the body's needs. Infants, toddlers, and pregnant women have higher than average needs. Increased iron intake is also needed to offset blood losses due to digestive tract issues, frequent blood donations, or
1222:
Certain gastrointestinal disorders can cause anemia. The mechanisms involved are multifactorial and not limited to malabsorption but mainly related to chronic intestinal inflammation, which causes dysregulation of
2558:, who bled dogs to make them anemic, and then fed them various substances to see what (if anything) would make them healthy again. He discovered that ingesting large amounts of liver seemed to cure the disease.
3476:
1532:
In the morphological approach, anemia is classified by the size of red blood cells; this is either done automatically or on microscopic examination of a peripheral blood smear. The size is reflected in the
2335:
Iron-deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia overall and it has many causes. RBCs often appear hypochromic (paler than usual) and microcytic (smaller than usual) when viewed with a microscope.
1329:
The anemia is also classified by severity into mild (110 g/L to normal), moderate (80 g/L to 110 g/L), and severe anemia (less than 80 g/L) in adults. Different values are used in pregnancy and children.
3387:
Qaseem A, Humphrey LL, Fitterman N, Starkey M, Shekelle P (December 2013). "Treatment of anemia in patients with heart disease: a clinical practice guideline from the
American College of Physicians".
6339:
Sezer S, Ozdemir FN, Yakupoglu U, Arat Z, Turan M, Haberal M (April 2002). "Intravenous ascorbic acid administration for erythropoietin-hyporesponsive anemia in iron loaded hemodialysis patients".
1524:
allows direct examination of the precursors to red cells, although is rarely used as is painful, invasive and is hence reserved for cases where severe pathology needs to be determined or excluded.
3138:"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990â2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"
655:. Chronic anemia may result in behavioral disturbances in children as a direct result of impaired neurological development in infants, and reduced academic performance in children of school age.
1290:
provide comparison and contrast of them. A strict but broad definition is an absolute decrease in red blood cell mass, however, a broader definition is a lowered ability of the blood to carry
463:
4564:
Whitehead NS, Williams LO, Meleth S, Kennedy SM, Ubaka-Blackmoore N, Geaghan SM, Nichols JH, Carroll P, McEvoy MT, Gayken J, Ernst DJ, Litwin C, Epner P, Taylor J, Graber ML (December 2019).
1574:
suggesting cell destruction; or clinical signs of bleeding, such as guaiac-positive stool, radiographic findings, or frank bleeding. The following is a simplified schematic of this approach:
1190:
from blood that either is too scarce (e.g., blood loss) or is dysfunctional in its oxygen-supplying ability (due to whatever type of hemoglobin or erythrocyte problem). In contrast, the word
3562:"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013"
5621:
Halterman JS, Kaczorowski JM, Aligne CA, Auinger P, Szilagyi PG (June 2001). "Iron deficiency and cognitive achievement among school-aged children and adolescents in the United States".
2645:
form in the cytoplasm of RBCs and appear as small dark dots under the microscope. In animals, Heinz body anemia has many causes. It may be drug-induced, for example in cats and dogs by
3951:
De
Franceschi L, Iolascon A, Taher A, Cappellini MD (July 2017). "Clinical management of iron deficiency anemia in adults: Systemic review on advances in diagnosis and treatment".
2734:
Transfusion dependent anemia is a form of anemia where ongoing blood transfusion are required. Most people with myelodysplastic syndrome develop this state at some point in time.
651:, the consumption of non-food items such as ice, paper, wax, grass, hair or dirt, may be a symptom of iron deficiency; although it occurs often in those who have normal levels of
2840:
In cases where oral iron has either proven ineffective, would be too slow (for example, pre-operatively), or where absorption is impeded (for example in cases of inflammation),
6886:
4421:
Stijlemans B, Guilliams M, Raes G, Beschin A, Magez S, De
Baetselier P (August 2007). "African trypanosomosis: From immune escape and immunopathology to immune intervention".
6807:
5536:
4658:
Bellotto F, Cati A (March 2006). "Anemia ed ischemia miocardica: relazioni ed interferenze" [Anemia and myocardial ischemia: relationships and interferences].
2914:
symptoms. Treatment should begin rapidly for severe neurological symptoms, as some changes can become permanent. In some individuals lifelong treatment may be needed.
472:
2718:, is often seen secondary to myelodysplastic syndromes. Iron-deficiency anemia may also be refractory as a manifestation of gastrointestinal problems which disrupt
460:. These symptoms are unspecific and none of the symptoms alone or in combination show a good predictive value for the presence of anemia in non-clinical patients.
4289:
679:
The causes of anemia may be classified as impaired red blood cell (RBC) production, increased RBC destruction (hemolytic anemia), blood loss and fluid overload (
5705:
3513:"Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010"
2412:(mean cell volume divided by the RBC count) predicts whether microcytic anemia may be due to iron deficiency or thalassemia, although it requires confirmation.
2972:
2377:
should be performed to identify bleeding lesions. In older men and women, the chances are higher that bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract could be due to
675:
Figure shows normal red blood cells flowing freely in a blood vessel. The inset image shows a cross-section of a normal red blood cell with normal hemoglobin.
7586:
932:
7791:
8261:
7942:
7444:
2543:
6493:
Kansagara D, Dyer E, Englander H, Fu R, Freeman M, Kagen D (December 2013). "Treatment of anemia in patients with heart disease: a systematic review".
8602:
7894:
7716:
7786:
7726:
5831:
8201:
2944:
2861:
Blood transfusions in those without symptoms is not recommended until the hemoglobin is below 60 to 80 g/L (6 to 8 g/dL). In those with
1210:
General causes of hypervolemia include excessive sodium or fluid intake, sodium or water retention and fluid shift into the intravascular space.
1040:
828:
is a severe type of anemia resulting from the replacement of bone marrow by other materials, such as malignant tumors, fibrosis, or granulomas.
5393:
6662:
6032:
Mody RJ, Brown PI, Wechsler DS (February 2003). "Refractory iron deficiency anemia as the primary clinical manifestation of celiac disease".
5923:
5890:
5865:
5510:
5387:
5325:
5294:
5267:
5238:
4751:
4337:
4312:
4265:
4168:
2984:
erythropoietin treatment to help reduce the requirement for red blood cell transfusions after surgery in those who have preoperative anemia.
2574:
7007:"Erythropoietin plus iron versus control treatment including placebo or iron for preoperative anaemic adults undergoing non-cardiac surgery"
6833:"Erythropoietin plus iron versus control treatment including placebo or iron for preoperative anaemic adults undergoing non-cardiac surgery"
8501:
7603:
286:. Additional symptoms may occur depending on the underlying cause. Anemia can be temporary or long term and can range from mild to severe.
5300:
4521:
Gyorkos TW, Gilbert NL, Larocque R, CasapĂa M (April 2011). "Trichuris and hookworm infections associated with anaemia during pregnancy".
2975:) may require they use the HBO method. A 2005 review of the use of HBO in severe anemia found all publications reported positive results.
5984:
5244:
897:
is a hereditary defect that results in defects in the RBC cell membrane, causing the erythrocytes to be sequestered and destroyed by the
7758:
5331:
3875:
Balarajan Y, Ramakrishnan U, Ăzaltin E, Shankar AH, Subramanian S (December 2011). "Anaemia in low-income and middle-income countries".
2243:
Other characteristics visible on the peripheral smear may provide valuable clues about a more specific diagnosis; for example, abnormal
1036:
962:
884:
807:
5044:
James SP (April 2005). "National
Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference statement on Celiac Disease, June 28â30, 2004".
4456:
2845:
patient has a deficit of over 1,000 mg of iron which would require several months to replace. This can be given concurrently with
2634:
elevated RBC distribution width (RDW), indicating a wider-than-normal range of red cell sizes, also seen in common nutritional anemia.
8637:
7979:
7251:
6725:
6233:
6206:
6010:
4199:
2546:
with resulting balance difficulties from posterior column spinal cord pathology. Other features may include a smooth, red tongue and
7767:
7738:
6890:
6378:
6179:
4615:
Martin ND, Scantling D (September 2015). "Hospital-Acquired Anemia: A Contemporary Review of
Etiologies and Prevention Strategies".
3997:
2265:
Microcytic anemia is primarily a result of hemoglobin synthesis failure/insufficiency, which could be caused by several etiologies:
1032:
8755:
7670:
6754:
Aapro MS, Link H (2008). "September 2007 update on EORTC guidelines and anemia management with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents".
5574:
3682:
Author: Saimak T. Nabili, MD, MPH. Editor: Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD. Last
Editorial Review: 12/9/2008. Retrieved on 4 April 2009
2894:. Pernicious anemia caused by loss of intrinsic factor cannot be prevented. If there are other, reversible causes of low vitamin B
7798:
2923:
2475:(atrophic gastritis) that produce intrinsic factor or against intrinsic factor itself. These lead to poor absorption of vitamin B
1549:. This scheme quickly exposes some of the most common causes of anemia; for instance, a microcytic anemia is often the result of
1545:; if they are normal size (80â100 fl), normocytic; and if they are larger than normal (over 100 fl), the anemia is classified as
1311:
1013:
1003:
978:
393:
5596:
3675:
3656:
6789:
5533:
8627:
8061:
7731:
7437:
6803:
6785:
1566:
by decreased RBC production versus increased RBC destruction or loss. Clinical signs of loss or destruction include abnormal
1494:
1213:
From the 6th week of pregnancy, hormonal changes cause an increase in the mother's blood volume due to an increase in plasma.
7777:
3243:
379:
Treatment depends on the specific cause. Certain groups of individuals, such as pregnant women, can benefit from the use of
6959:"A systematic review of the application of hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of severe anemia: an evidence-based approach"
795:
levels, combined with blood loss from laboratory testing, generally occurs in premature infants at two to six weeks of age.
8806:
7825:
6988:
6943:
4356:
1697:
1685:
1482:
1362:
can also be helpful, and it is sometimes a necessity in regions of the world where automated analysis is less accessible.
1244:
416:
7056:"British Committee for Standards in Haematology Guidelines on the Identification and Management of Pre-Operative Anaemia"
5810:
3826:
Stevens GA, Finucane MM, De-Regil LM, Paciorek CJ, Flaxman SR, Branca F, Peña-Rosas JP, Bhutta ZA, Ezzati M (July 2013).
3634:
8607:
7682:
6958:
6913:
997:
993:
334:
8251:
7834:
7527:
3719:"Association of Anemia with Clinical Symptoms Commonly Attributed to Anemia - Analysis of Two Population-Based Cohorts"
7708:
7572:
5712:
531:, sweating, increased thirst, and confusion. There may be also additional symptoms depending on the underlying cause.
361:
3265:
534:
In more severe anemia, the body may compensate for the lack of oxygen-carrying capability of the blood by increasing
8231:
7772:
7598:
4767:
2679:
2555:
2370:
1550:
1506:
1250:
8660:
7699:
7689:
7677:
7430:
3912:"Iron Deficiency and Reduced Work Capacity: A Critical Review of the Research to Determine a Causal Relationship"
2828:
is recommended to stimulate RBC production, and if iron deficiency and inflammation are also present, concurrent
2606:
2282:
904:
298:
3609:
8801:
8452:
8374:
8369:
8289:
8049:
7665:
7342:
1247:. Anemia can be the only manifestation of celiac disease, in absence of gastrointestinal or any other symptoms.
894:
831:
621:
4695:"Association of Fluid Retention With Anemia and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease"
2482:
Macrocytic anemia can also be caused by the removal of the functional portion of the stomach, such as during
1277:
A Giemsa-stained blood film from a person with iron-deficiency anemia. This person also had hemoglobin Kenya.
8432:
8406:
7870:
7721:
7005:
Kaufner L, von
Heymann C, Henkelmann A, Pace NL, Weibel S, Kranke P, Meerpohl JJ, Gill R (August 13, 2020).
5493:
Caito S, Lopes AC, Paoliello MM, Aschner M (2017). "Toxicology of Lead and Its Damage to
Mammalian Organs".
2968:
2887:
2862:
2814:
aids in the body's ability to absorb iron, so taking oral iron supplements with orange juice is of benefit.
2592:
1534:
1521:
1466:
640:
357:
33:
7238:
Tayles N (September 1996). "Anemia, genetic diseases, and malaria in prehistoric mainland
Southeast Asia".
3477:"Anemia Treatment Drugs: 2019 Global Market Study; Analyzed by Type of Anemia, Type of Drug, and Geography"
2361:
In the United States, the most common cause of iron deficiency is bleeding or blood loss, usually from the
8024:
7972:
7861:
7522:
3103:
2927:
2362:
2276:
1567:
1295:
1267:
1067:
936:
753:
660:
656:
400:
322:
229:
73:
7144:
van Hensbroek MB, Jonker F, Bates I (September 2011). "Severe acquired anaemia in Africa: new concepts".
581:
may be noticed in some cases of iron-deficiency anemia. There may be signs of specific causes of anemia,
8675:
8561:
8534:
8507:
8459:
8413:
8108:
7841:
7608:
6982:
6937:
5827:
2911:
2719:
2591:
Normocytic anemia occurs when the overall hemoglobin levels are decreased, but the red blood cell size (
2559:
2539:
1571:
1089:
876:
788:
775:
699:
412:
7054:
Kotzé A, Harris A, Baker C, Iqbal T, Lavies N, Richards T, Ryan K, Taylor C, Thomas D (November 2015).
6400:
Ng O, Keeler BD, Mishra A, Simpson JA, Neal K, Al-Hassi HO, Brookes MJ, Acheson AG (December 7, 2019).
981:
is caused by autoimmune attack against red blood cells, primarily by IgG. It is the most common of the
443:
The hand of a person with severe anemia (on the left, with ring) compared to one without (on the right)
399:
Anemia is the most common blood disorder, affecting about a fifth to a third of the global population.
3432:"Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency across indications: a systematic review"
1700:
shows appropriate response to anemia = ongoing hemolysis or blood loss without RBC production problem.
1354:, which is an important tool in distinguishing between the causes of anemia. Examination of a stained
61:
8695:
8655:
8522:
8336:
8331:
8311:
8246:
8098:
7851:
7846:
7654:
7540:
6375:"Anaemia management in people with chronic kidney disease | Guidance and guidelines | NICE"
5443:
2427:
1339:
1018:
910:
837:
821:
783:
749:
489:
263:
5163:"The definition of anemia: what is the lower limit of normal of the blood hemoglobin concentration?"
4895:
Leffler DA, Green PH, Fasano A (October 2015). "Extraintestinal manifestations of coeliac disease".
4566:"Interventions to prevent iatrogenic anemia: a Laboratory Medicine Best Practices systematic review"
2566:
then set about to isolate the curative substance chemically and ultimately were able to isolate the
8775:
8717:
8700:
8359:
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5374:
4374:"Primary chronic cold agglutinin disease: an update on pathogenesis, clinical features and therapy"
2818:
2764:
2401:
1913:
For instance, sickle cell anemia with superimposed iron deficiency; chronic gastric bleeding with B
1232:
1154:
982:
617:
453:
255:
154:
8761:
7189:"How Severe Anaemia Might Influence the Risk of Invasive Bacterial Infections in African Children"
1490:
can help assess whether the bone marrow will be able to compensate for the loss and at what rate.
8665:
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8321:
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1303:
952:
947:
384:
350:
342:
275:
141:
6292:"Daily iron supplementation for improving anaemia, iron status and health in menstruating women"
1092:, from frequent blood sampling for laboratory testing, combined with insufficient RBC production
5284:
1366:
WHO's Hemoglobin thresholds used to define anemia (1 g/dL = 0.6206 mmol/L)
8735:
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8427:
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6431:
6356:
6321:
6272:
6229:
6202:
6196:
6175:
6169:
6150:
6106:
6049:
5980:
5962:
5919:
5886:
5861:
5789:
5754:
5706:"Iron Deficiency Anaemia: Assessment, Prevention, and Control: A guide for programme managers"
5687:
5638:
5566:
5516:
5506:
5383:
5321:
5290:
5263:
5234:
5228:
5192:
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5026:
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2807:
2743:
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2260:
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732:
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369:
365:
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173:
129:
6506:
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4040:"The prevalence and impact of restless legs syndrome on patients with iron deficiency anemia"
3400:
2738:
may also result in transfusion dependence. Concerns from repeated blood transfusions include
1927:
Here is a schematic representation of how to consider anemia with MCV as the starting point:
1206:
Fluid overload (hypervolemia) causes decreased hemoglobin concentration and apparent anemia:
883:
Intrinsic (intracorpuscular) abnormalities cause premature destruction. All of these, except
715:
is a hereditary disorder or defect featuring aplastic anemia and various other abnormalities.
8796:
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7633:
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3960:
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3740:
3730:
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3532:
3524:
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3348:
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2803:
2799:
2760:
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2460:
2378:
2244:
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992:, that is, without any known cause, drug-associated or secondary to another disease such as
940:
888:
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858:
597:
501:
468:
338:
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7276:
6729:
6692:
6075:
Gale RP, Barosi G, Barbui T, Cervantes F, Dohner K, Dupriez B, et al. (January 2011).
6006:
5881:
Hovda L, Brutlag A, Poppenga RH, Peterson K, eds. (2016). "Chapter 69: Onions and garlic".
5772:
Long B, Koyfman A (August 2018). "Emergency Medicine Evaluation and Management of Anemia".
5666:"A review of studies on the effect of iron deficiency on cognitive development in children"
3801:
3036:
Signs of severe anemia in human bones from 4000 years ago have been uncovered in Thailand.
2490:/folate absorption. Therefore, one must always be aware of anemia following this procedure.
8765:
8710:
8571:
8556:
8539:
8479:
8474:
8418:
8396:
8093:
8039:
8019:
7812:
6798:
5814:
5540:
4360:
4207:
3679:
2841:
2829:
2723:
2611:
2523:
2397:
1784:
Clinical findings and abnormal MCV: hemolysis or loss and chronic disorder of production*.
1779:
No clinical findings consistent with hemolysis or blood loss: pure disorder of production.
1184:
1138:
1095:
1006:
is primarily mediated by IgM. It can be idiopathic or result from an underlying condition.
919:
704:
684:
648:
524:
517:
314:
271:
225:
available for oxygen transport, or abnormalities in hemoglobin that impair its function.
202:
6374:
5554:
5210:
4013:
3185:
2905:
deficiency anemia is usually easily treated by providing the necessary level of vitamin B
1198:). Thus ischemia in a body part can cause localized anemic effects within those tissues.
6316:
6291:
5807:
eMedicine â "Vitamin B-12 Associated Neurological Diseases": Article by Niranjan N Singh
5468:
1517:) although the tests will depend on the clinical hypothesis that is being investigated.
671:
8597:
8551:
8364:
8294:
8113:
7829:
7752:
7660:
7457:
7215:
7188:
7031:
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6832:
6603:
6578:
6426:
6401:
6101:
6076:
5957:
5940:
5915:
5737:
Mentzer WC (April 1973). "Differentiation of iron deficiency from thalassaemia trait".
5597:"Global Iron-Deficiency Anemia Therapy Market â Industry Trends and Forecast to 2027 -"
5187:
5162:
5021:
4994:
4969:
4942:
4869:
4842:
4818:
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4719:
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2323:
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1351:
1343:
1287:
1262:
1240:
1114:
726:
719:
712:
629:
593:
535:
310:
218:
206:
77:
5883:
Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion: Small Animal Toxicology
5750:
3888:
3843:
3577:
3528:
3352:
3153:
3005:
403:
is the most common cause of anemia worldwide, and affects nearly one billion people.
8790:
8680:
8469:
8464:
8326:
8266:
8169:
7173:
7157:
6352:
6045:
5138:
5121:
4550:
4534:
4230:
3672:
2964:
2798:
Mild to moderate iron-deficiency anemia is treated by oral iron supplementation with
2739:
2646:
2508:
2472:
2446:
2409:
2388:
Worldwide, the most common cause of iron-deficiency anemia is parasitic infestation (
2313:
1106:
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1051:
825:
644:
555:
547:
513:
7336:
7332:
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6467:
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6061:
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4073:
3368:
1789:
Clinical findings and normal MCV= acute hemolysis or loss without adequate time for
1273:
1105:
Gastrointestinal tract lesions, causing either acute bleeds (e.g. variceal lesions,
8745:
8685:
8670:
8496:
8221:
8071:
8056:
8002:
7472:
7022:
6848:
6763:
6594:
6417:
6307:
5122:"The aetiology and impact of malnutrition in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease"
3775:
3416:
2825:
2527:
2515:
2504:
2224:
2207:
1474:
1124:
740:
680:
551:
539:
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6626:
6092:
5350:
Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity
431:
411:
global nutrition targets for 2025 and for diet-related global targets endorsed by
246: 'blood'. When anemia comes on slowly, the symptoms are often vague, such as
7347:
5057:
4628:
4488:
4434:
3235:
3210:
8544:
8489:
8386:
8241:
8216:
8034:
7623:
7581:
7410:
7407:
7388:
3314:
2939:
Treatment of exceptional blood loss (anemia) is recognized as an indication for
2756:
2690:
2567:
2431:
2374:
2346:
2297:
2248:
1790:
1498:
1478:
1355:
843:
801:
761:
625:
609:
585:
570:
497:
476:
330:
69:
8632:
5418:
5178:
4843:"Anemia in inflammatory bowel disease: a neglected issue with relevant effects"
4352:
3964:
3642:
2430:, the most common cause of macrocytic anemia, is due to a deficiency of either
8517:
8484:
8256:
8206:
8191:
8186:
8179:
8164:
8154:
7592:
7422:
7121:
7104:
5806:
5785:
5502:
5097:
5080:
4908:
4582:
4389:
2768:
2703:
2649:(paracetamol), or may be caused by eating various plants or other substances:
2642:
2601:
2519:
2500:
2468:
2438:
2340:
Iron-deficiency anemia is due to insufficient dietary intake or absorption of
1917:
and folate deficiency; and other instances of anemia with more than one cause.
1538:
1455:
1359:
1318:
1299:
1110:
1009:
989:
927:
923:
792:
708:
652:
601:
493:
290:
279:
222:
178:
165:
134:
7358:
7000:
6998:
6672:
4995:"Non-Celiac Gluten sensitivity: the new frontier of gluten related disorders"
4959:
4859:
4275:
3692:
8705:
8447:
8442:
8306:
8284:
8159:
8123:
7399:
7364:
7317:
7313:
6554:
6537:
6267:
6250:
5682:
5665:
5634:
5215:
4710:
3928:
3911:
3448:
3431:
2960:
2811:
2547:
2449:. Folate deficiency normally does not produce neurological symptoms, while B
2393:
1195:
1145:
985:
864:
574:
485:
380:
294:
267:
7224:
7165:
7130:
7081:
7040:
6974:
6866:
6771:
6708:
6612:
6563:
6514:
6476:
6435:
6360:
6325:
6154:
6110:
6053:
5793:
5691:
5642:
5570:
5534:
Recommendations to Prevent and Control Iron Deficiency in the United States
5520:
5196:
5147:
5106:
5065:
5030:
4978:
4916:
4878:
4827:
4728:
4679:
4636:
4601:
4542:
4507:
4442:
4407:
4065:
3972:
3937:
3896:
3861:
3754:
3595:
3546:
3457:
3408:
3360:
3324:
3299:
3171:
3119:
7259:
6652:
6276:
5966:
5758:
3313:
Rhodes CE, Denault D, Varacallo M (2024). "Physiology, Oxygen Transport".
523:
Anemia that develops quickly, often, has more severe symptoms, including,
8211:
7988:
7252:
10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199609)101:1<11::AID-AJPA2>3.0.CO;2-G
7205:
2389:
1451:
1224:
1176:
1149:
972:
872:
589:
509:
457:
415:
in 2012 and 2013. Efforts to reach global targets contribute to reaching
387:, without determining the specific cause, is not recommended. The use of
259:
251:
168:, decreased red blood cell production, increased red blood cell breakdown
6726:"Pernicious Anemia Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination"
6451:"Clinical use of intravenous iron: administration, efficacy, and safety"
6290:
Low MS, Speedy J, Styles CE, De-Regil LM, Pasricha SR (April 18, 2016).
5469:"Anemia Types, Treatment, Symptoms, Signs, Causes & Iron Deficiency"
3735:
1557:(a cause of macrocytosis) where the net result can be normocytic cells.
8690:
8150:
8118:
8011:
5358:
5081:"Dietary and nutritional considerations for inflammatory bowel disease"
4809:
4746:. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007. p. 62.
2956:
2715:
1128:
1099:
1046:
842:
Leukoerythroblastic anemia is caused by space-occupying lesions in the
723:
637:
449:
346:
302:
247:
146:
7281:
7072:
7055:
5011:
4258:
Pathophysiology : introductory concepts and clinical perspectives
4056:
4039:
1141:, may cause acute or chronic blood loss, especially at advanced stages
17:
7308:
7187:
Abuga KM, Muriuki JM, Williams TN, Atkinson SH (September 22, 2020).
6171:
Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine: Basic Principles and Practice
4943:"Anemia and iron deficiency in gastrointestinal and liver conditions"
4671:
4038:
Allen RP, Auerbach S, Bahrain H, Auerbach M, Earley CJ (April 2013).
3290:
Smith RE (March 2010). "The clinical and economic burden of anemia".
2951:
delivery to tissue is not sufficient in patients who cannot be given
2948:
2659:
2290:
1502:
1291:
1134:
898:
613:
578:
566:
562:
543:
528:
505:
306:
283:
214:
150:
6168:
Hillyer CD, Silberstein LE, Ness PM, Anderson KC, Roback JD (2006).
4472:"Hookworm-related anaemia among pregnant women: a systematic review"
1493:
When the cause is not obvious, clinicians use other tests, such as:
1120:
Gynecologic disturbances, also generally causing chronic blood loss
7369:
7296:
2686:
2664:
1322:
1272:
1261:
670:
462:
439:
438:
430:
420:
210:
6579:"Blood transfusions for anaemia in patients with advanced cancer"
5553:
Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (October 11, 2002).
4941:
Stein J, Connor S, Virgin G, Ong DE, Pereyra L (September 2016).
3560:
GBD 2013 Mortality Causes of Death Collaborators (January 2015).
2657:
and dogs after eating either raw or cooked plants from the genus
2675:
2341:
2270:
1307:
1175:
both refer to the basic idea of "lack of blood", but anemia and
282:. Anemia must be significant before a person becomes noticeably
7961:
7426:
6577:
Preston NJ, Hurlow A, Brine J, Bennett MI (February 15, 2012).
5497:. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 17. pp. 501â534.
1179:
are not the same thing in modern medical terminology. The word
696:
Disturbance of proliferation and differentiation of stem cells
3104:"Anemia in the emergency department: evaluation and treatment"
3000:
2671:
2654:
1163:, blood loss from repeated blood draws and medical procedures.
408:
104:
6455:
Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program
6133:
Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program
4184:
Gregg XT, Prchal JT (2007). "Anemia of Endocrine Disorders".
3717:
Weckmann G, Kiel S, Chenot JF, Angelow A (January 24, 2023).
1071:
alters the surfaces of RBCs of its host and this may explain
813:
Anemia of kidney failure (also causing stem cell dysfunction)
798:
Iron-deficiency anemia, resulting in deficient heme synthesis
577:), but this is not a reliable sign. A blue coloration of the
6924:(4): 205â210. Archived from the original on January 16, 2009
6536:
Goddard AF, James MW, McIntyre AS, Scott BB (October 2011).
2963:
reasons. HBO may be used for medical reasons when threat of
7957:
4693:
Hung SC, Kuo KL, Peng CH, Wu CH, Wang YC, Tarng DC (2015).
4328:
Cotran RS, Kumar V, Fausto N, Robbins SL, Abbas AK (2005).
3430:
Peyrin-Biroulet L, Williet N, Cacoub P (December 1, 2015).
2350:
1227:
that leads to decreased access of iron to the circulation.
113:
110:
95:
6914:"Hyperbaric oxygen in exceptional acute blood-loss anemia"
6538:"Guidelines for the management of iron deficiency anaemia"
5885:(2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. pp. 515â520.
5858:
Veterinary hematology: a diagnostic guide and color atlas
299:
bleeding due to inflammation of the stomach or intestines
6077:"What are RBC-transfusion-dependence and -independence?"
3186:"Anemia: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology"
2786:
therapy and monoclonal antibody therapies is observed.
2467:
from food. A lack of intrinsic factor may arise from an
538:. The person may have symptoms related to this, such as
452:, weak, decreased ability to concentrate, and sometimes
3017:
2714:
Refractory anemia, an anemia which does not respond to
6548:(10). British Society of Gastroenterology: 1309â1316.
5289:(5 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1085.
2890:
in severe cases or cases of malabsorption of dietary-B
1537:(MCV). If the cells are smaller than normal (under 80
7103:
Kassebaum NJ, GBD 2013 Anemia Collaborators (2016).
6790:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
6627:"Pernicious anemia: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
5233:(3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. p. 220.
5120:
Gerasimidis K, McGrogan P, Edwards CA (August 2011).
4372:
Berentsen S, Beiske K, TjĂžnnfjord GE (October 2007).
4307:(8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. p. 432.
2702:
Hyperanemia is a severe form of anemia, in which the
1317:
It is difficult to directly measure RBC mass, so the
791:, by diminished erythropoietin response to declining
293:, decreased red blood cell production, and increased
101:
7286:
6693:"Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Recognition and Management"
5258:
Pomeranz AJ, Sabnis S, Busey S, Kliegman RM (2016).
3992:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. PT105.
3102:
Janz TG, Johnson RL, Rubenstein SD (November 2013).
1266:
Peripheral blood smear microscopy of a patient with
8648:
8586:
8347:
8275:
8230:
8139:
8010:
7995:
7920:
7860:
7811:
7707:
7698:
7571:
7556:
7509:
7500:
7493:
7471:
7464:
7379:
7290:
5828:"Physiology or Medicine 1934 â Presentation Speech"
4890:
4888:
2507:, although not specifically anemia. Other types of
1127:, mostly among young women or older women who have
217:. This can be due to a lower than normal number of
184:
172:
161:
140:
128:
107:
98:
83:
51:
46:
4936:
4934:
4744:Portable Fluids and Electrolytes (Portable Series)
4355:By J.L. Jenkins. The Regional Cancer Center. 2001
3471:
3469:
3467:
396:are only recommended in those with severe anemia.
6977:. Archived from the original on January 16, 2009.
6749:
6747:
5860:. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier/Saunders. p. 104.
5343:
5341:
5283:Polin RA, Abman SH, Rowitch D, Benitz WE (2016).
4332:. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Saunders. p. 637.
4303:Mitchell RS, Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N (2007).
4159:Mitchell RS, Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N (2007).
3693:"Exercising With Anemia: Prescription for Health"
2849:to ensure sufficient iron for increased rates of
592:(when anemia results from abnormal break down of
492:, shortness of breath, difficulty concentrating,
5230:Hematology: Clinical Principles and Applications
4897:Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology
4470:Brooker S, Hotez PJ, Bundy DA (September 2008).
3506:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3498:
2971:are factors. The beliefs of some religions (ex:
1350:also measure the size of the red blood cells by
907:is another defect in membrane skeleton proteins.
561:On examination, the signs exhibited may include
4153:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4121:
2285:(more commonly presenting as normocytic anemia)
1688:shows inadequate production response to anemia.
1321:(amount of RBCs) or the hemoglobin (Hb) in the
957:Hemoglobinopathies causing unstable hemoglobins
739:Disturbance of proliferation and maturation of
5851:
5849:
4457:"Do Hemorrhoids Cause Iron Deficiency Anemia?"
4330:Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease
4119:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4101:
846:that prevent normal production of blood cells.
7973:
7438:
6691:Langan RC, Goodbred AJ (September 15, 2017).
6228:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1131.e2.
5908:Robinson's Current Therapy in Equine Medicine
1286:There are a number of definitions of anemia;
620:). In severe anemia, there may be signs of a
419:(SDGs), with anemia as one of the targets in
372:; and if they are normal sized, it is called
266:. When anemia is acute, symptoms may include
8:
7587:Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
7109:Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America
5664:Grantham-McGregor S, Ani C (February 2001).
5555:"Iron Deficiency â United States, 1999â2000"
5495:Lead â Its Effects on Environment and Health
4523:Tropical Medicine & International Health
3610:"WHO Global Anaemia estimates, 2021 Edition"
2441:, or both. Deficiency in folate or vitamin B
933:Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
818:Other mechanisms of impaired RBC production
7193:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
6296:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
5774:Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
4231:"Overview of hemolytic anemias in children"
3641:. World Health Organization. Archived from
3382:
3380:
3378:
2922:The objective for the administration of an
1133:Many type of cancers, including colorectal
969:Extrinsic (extracorpuscular) abnormalities
771:causes non-pernicious megaloblastic anemia.
471:, Hindi and English language on a board at
356:Anemia can also be classified based on the
8262:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
8007:
7980:
7966:
7958:
7943:Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin
7704:
7568:
7506:
7497:
7468:
7445:
7431:
7423:
7287:
6488:
6486:
6255:The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
6251:"Strategies to control nutritional anemia"
6129:"Management of RBC-transfusion dependence"
6122:
6120:
5320:. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 23.
4794:"Iron and inflammation - the gut reaction"
4288:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4229:Despotovic J, Mahoney D, Armsby C (2021).
3436:The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
3097:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3069:
2573:from the liver. All three shared the 1934
2544:subacute combined degeneration of the cord
2445:can be due either to inadequate intake or
2308:Various other unstable hemoglobin diseases
1481:'s production of new red blood cells. The
60:
43:
8603:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
7895:Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
7717:Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
7282:Anemia, U.S. National Library of Medicine
7240:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
7214:
7204:
7120:
7071:
7030:
6885:Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society.
6856:
6602:
6553:
6466:
6425:
6315:
6266:
6201:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 170.
6174:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 534.
6144:
6100:
5956:
5681:
5676:(2Sâ2): 649Sâ666S, discussion 666Sâ668S.
5376:Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993â2005
5357:
5186:
5137:
5096:
5020:
5010:
4968:
4958:
4868:
4858:
4817:
4718:
4699:Journal of the American Heart Association
4591:
4581:
4497:
4487:
4397:
4200:"the definition of leukoerythroblastosis"
4092:National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
4055:
3927:
3851:
3780:National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
3744:
3734:
3585:
3536:
3447:
3161:
3131:
3129:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3049:
2817:In the anemia of chronic kidney disease,
2322:Acquired sideroblastic anemia, including
1194:refers solely to the lack of blood (poor
313:. Causes of decreased production include
6880:
6878:
6876:
6507:10.7326/0003-4819-159-11-201312030-00007
6034:Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology
5981:"MedTerms Definition: Refractory Anemia"
5126:Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics
5085:The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
4163:(8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders.
3910:Haas JD, Brownlie T (February 1, 2001).
3401:10.7326/0003-4819-159-11-201312030-00009
1520:When the diagnosis remains difficult, a
1364:
608:deficiency), bone deformities (found in
337:. Causes of increased breakdown include
27:Reduced ability of blood to carry oxygen
7011:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6912:Hart GB, Lennon PA, Strauss MB (1987).
6837:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6583:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6406:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6402:"Iron therapy for preoperative anaemia"
5906:Peek SF (2015). "Hemolytic Disorders".
4260:. Frizzell, Joan Parker. Philadelphia.
3989:Wintrobe's Atlas of Clinical Hematology
3205:
3203:
3045:
2945:Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society
2782:) will replace specific deficiencies.
2554:-deficient anemia was first devised by
2463:, which is required to absorb vitamin B
1477:count is a quantitative measure of the
435:Main symptoms that may appear in anemia
364:. If the cells are small, it is called
6980:
6935:
6887:"Exceptional Blood Loss â Anemia"
6797:Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the
6720:
6718:
6686:
6684:
6682:
5334:from the original on October 31, 2016.
5303:from the original on October 31, 2016.
4841:Guagnozzi D, Lucendo AJ (April 2014).
4792:Verma S, Cherayil BJ (February 2017).
4281:
3635:"WHO | Interventions by global target"
1041:disseminated intravascular coagulation
722:due to insufficient production of the
6657:. Joanna M. Wardlaw. London: Manson.
6225:BOPOD â Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2016
6013:from the original on November 3, 2011
5987:from the original on December 8, 2011
5830:. Nobelprize.org. December 10, 1934.
5444:"How Anemia Is Diagnosed and Treated"
5382:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
3953:European Journal of Internal Medicine
3770:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3668:
3666:
2486:surgery, leading to reduced vitamin B
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2025:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1871:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1801:
1795:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1714:
1712:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1342:. Apart from reporting the number of
1029:Mechanical trauma to red blood cells
643:(enlargement). There may be signs of
272:feeling like one is going to pass out
7:
8741:
8502:Physical medicine and rehabilitation
7604:triosephosphate isomerase deficiency
6758:. 13 Suppl 3 (Supplement 3): 33â36.
6728:. September 14, 2017. Archived from
5834:from the original on August 28, 2010
5260:Pediatric Decision-Making Strategies
5247:from the original on April 25, 2016.
4353:"Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)"
4235:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
3511:Vos T, et al. (December 2012).
3292:The American Journal of Managed Care
2279:(microcytosis is not always present)
1239:Gluten-related disorders: untreated
913:, causing defects in membrane lipids
810:, causing ineffective erythropoiesis
808:Congenital dyserythropoietic anemias
804:, causing deficient globin synthesis
760:dependent on impaired absorption of
8751:
7759:paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
7727:DonathâLandsteiner hemolytic anemia
6813:from the original on April 16, 2012
5399:from the original on March 12, 2009
3673:eMedicineHealth > anemia article
3136:Vos T, et al. (October 2016).
2947:. The use of HBO is indicated when
2898:levels, the cause must be treated.
2522:, and other substances may inhibit
1338:Anemia is typically diagnosed on a
1037:thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
963:Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
885:paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
8638:Medical Scientist Training Program
6963:Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine
6381:from the original on June 24, 2013
5916:10.1016/B978-1-4557-4555-5.00117-5
5373:World Health Organization (2008).
5161:Beutler E, Waalen J (March 2006).
3246:from the original on July 14, 2014
2595:) remains normal. Causes include:
1570:with signs of hemolysis; elevated
1561:Production vs. destruction or loss
1033:Microangiopathic hemolytic anemias
516:, easy bruising and bleeding, and
467:Symptoms of anemia are written in
368:; if they are large, it is called
25:
7768:Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
7739:Mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia
5941:"Laboratory evaluation of anemia"
4947:World Journal of Gastroenterology
4847:World Journal of Gastroenterology
2918:Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents
2742:. This iron overload may require
394:Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents
362:amount of hemoglobin in each cell
8770:
8760:
8750:
8740:
8731:
8730:
7799:Hemolytic disease of the newborn
7158:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08761.x
6353:10.1046/j.1525-1594.2002.06888.x
6046:10.1097/00043426-200302000-00018
5983:. Medterms.com. April 27, 2011.
5577:from the original on May 5, 2012
5139:10.1111/j.1365-277X.2011.01171.x
4535:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02727.x
4476:PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
3004:
2924:erythropoiesis-stimulating agent
1415:Women, non-pregnant (>15yrs)
1014:hemolytic disease of the newborn
1004:Cold agglutinin hemolytic anemia
979:Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia
871:. These types generally feature
663:than in the general population.
500:heartbeat, cold hands and feet,
490:intolerance to physical exertion
423:for achieving zero world hunger.
91:
8771:
6468:10.1182/asheducation-2010.1.338
6146:10.1182/asheducation-2007.1.398
5945:The Western Journal of Medicine
3657:"The case for action on anemia"
3483:(Press release). April 26, 2019
2967:incompatibility or concern for
2328:Reversible sideroblastic anemia
2319:Hereditary sideroblastic anemia
297:. Causes of blood loss include
221:, a reduction in the amount of
213:has a reduced ability to carry
8628:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
8062:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
7732:Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
7146:British Journal of Haematology
7060:British Journal of Haematology
7023:10.1002/14651858.CD012451.pub2
6849:10.1002/14651858.CD012451.pub2
6804:American Society of Nephrology
6786:American Society of Nephrology
6764:10.1634/theoncologist.13-S3-33
6595:10.1002/14651858.CD009007.pub2
6449:Auerbach M, Ballard H (2010).
6418:10.1002/14651858.CD011588.pub3
6308:10.1002/14651858.CD009747.pub2
4044:American Journal of Hematology
3776:"What Are Symptoms of Anemia?"
3266:"Anemia - Symptoms and causes"
1346:and the hemoglobin level, the
1113:) or chronic blood loss (e.g.
939:deficiency, causing increased
659:is more common in people with
1:
7105:"The Global Burden of Anemia"
6831:Kaufner L, Heymann C (2020).
6195:Mandel J, Taichman D (2006).
6093:10.1016/j.leukres.2010.07.015
6009:. Atlasgeneticsoncology.org.
5939:Wallerstein RO (April 1987).
5751:10.1016/s0140-6736(73)91446-3
5352:. World Health Organization.
5286:Fetal and Neonatal Physiology
4660:Recenti Progressi in Medicina
3889:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)62304-5
3844:10.1016/s2214-109x(13)70001-9
3578:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2
3529:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2
3353:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60996-4
3154:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6
2550:. The treatment for vitamin B
1698:Reticulocyte production index
1686:Reticulocyte production index
1483:reticulocyte production index
1302:concentration of more than 2
1298:is a decrease in whole-blood
1245:non-celiac gluten sensitivity
926:deficiencies, causing defect
554:of the legs, and symptoms of
417:Sustainable Development Goals
228:The name is derived from
8608:Bachelor of Medical Sciences
8375:Neurosurgical anesthesiology
7683:Southeast Asian ovalocytosis
7671:MinkowskiâChauffard syndrome
6127:Melchert M, List AF (2007).
5543:MMWR 1998;47 (No. RR-3) p. 5
5058:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.02.007
4768:"ISBT: 8. Obstetric anaemia"
4629:10.1097/NAN.0000000000000121
4489:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000291
4435:10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.05.005
3723:Journal of Clinical Medicine
2678:, for example, after eating
2511:can also cause macrocytosis.
2247:may point to a cause in the
1541:), the anemia is said to be
998:chronic lymphocytic leukemia
994:systemic lupus erythematosus
867:are generally classified as
179:Blood hemoglobin measurement
6495:Annals of Internal Medicine
5601:Data Bridge Market Research
4617:Journal of Infusion Nursing
4256:Capriotti, Theresa (2016).
3389:Annals of Internal Medicine
3294:. 16 Suppl Issues: S59â66.
3108:Emergency Medicine Practice
1793:production to compensate**.
1310:of an age- and sex-matched
996:, or a malignancy, such as
358:size of the red blood cells
264:reduced ability to exercise
8823:
7792:Drug-induced nonautoimmune
7773:Thrombotic microangiopathy
7599:pyruvate kinase deficiency
6198:Pulmonary Vascular Disease
5262:(2nd ed.). Elsevier.
5179:10.1182/blood-2005-07-3046
3965:10.1016/j.ejim.2017.04.018
2584:
2419:
2367:Fecal occult blood testing
2258:
1507:hemoglobin electrophoresis
1251:Inflammatory bowel disease
1148:feeding on blood, such as
1102:, causing acute blood loss
865:red blood cell destruction
856:
550:is present), intermittent
31:
8726:
7778:Hemolyticâuremic syndrome
7690:Hereditary stomatocytosis
7678:Hereditary elliptocytosis
7277:WHO fact sheet on anaemia
7122:10.1016/j.hoc.2015.11.002
6987:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
6942:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
6697:American Family Physician
6249:West CE (November 1996).
5786:10.1016/j.emc.2018.04.009
5503:10.1515/9783110434330-016
5098:10.1017/S0029665111000097
4909:10.1038/nrgastro.2015.131
4583:10.1186/s13054-019-2511-9
4390:10.1080/10245330701445392
3614:Wolrd Health Organization
3319:. StatPearls Publishing.
2607:Anemia of chronic disease
2283:Anemia of chronic disease
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1853:
1851:
1829:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1813:
1811:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1738:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1465:, genetic testing, and a
905:Hereditary elliptocytosis
875:, and elevated levels of
188:2.36 billion / 33% (2015)
68:
59:
55:Anaemia, erythrocytopenia
8562:Transplantation medicine
8453:Clinical neurophysiology
8370:Obstetric anesthesiology
8290:Interventional radiology
8050:Digestive system surgery
7666:Hereditary spherocytosis
5670:The Journal of Nutrition
5348:Organization WH (2011).
5079:Lomer MC (August 2011).
4960:10.3748/wjg.v22.i35.7908
4860:10.3748/wjg.v20.i13.3542
4359:October 7, 2009, at the
4014:"Mental Health and Pica"
3916:The Journal of Nutrition
3832:The Lancet Global Health
3114:(11): 1â15, quiz 15â16.
2882:In many cases, vitamin B
2878:intramuscular injections
2689:which eat dry or wilted
2471:condition targeting the
1144:Infection by intestinal
895:Hereditary spherocytosis
832:Myelodysplastic syndrome
622:hyperdynamic circulation
295:red blood cell breakdown
289:Anemia can be caused by
239: 'not' and
8433:Intensive care medicine
8407:Mass gathering medicine
8252:Maternalâfetal medicine
7871:Mean corpuscular volume
7835:DiamondâBlackfan anemia
7787:Drug-induced autoimmune
7722:Cold agglutinin disease
7528:PlummerâVinson syndrome
6555:10.1136/gut.2010.228874
6007:"Good Source for later"
5635:10.1542/peds.107.6.1381
4711:10.1161/JAHA.114.001480
4423:Veterinary Parasitology
4305:Robbins Basic Pathology
4161:Robbins Basic Pathology
3659:. Devex. June 14, 2016.
3449:10.3945/ajcn.114.103366
2888:intramuscular injection
2863:coronary artery disease
2593:mean corpuscular volume
2575:Nobel Prize in Medicine
2459:is caused by a lack of
2447:insufficient absorption
2347:heavy menstrual periods
1535:mean corpuscular volume
1522:bone marrow examination
1382:Children (0.5â5.0 yrs)
1218:Intestinal inflammation
1167:The roots of the words
1012:, one of the causes of
641:ventricular hypertrophy
385:Dietary supplementation
34:Anemia (disambiguation)
8025:Cardiothoracic surgery
7523:Iron-deficiency anemia
2928:chronic kidney disease
2775:) or intramuscularly (
2363:gastrointestinal tract
2277:Iron-deficiency anemia
1568:peripheral blood smear
1377:Hb threshold (mmol/L)
1296:operational definition
1278:
1270:
1268:iron-deficiency anemia
1068:Trypanosoma congolense
1045:Infections, including
937:glutathione synthetase
676:
661:iron-deficiency anemia
657:Restless legs syndrome
588:(in iron deficiency),
480:
444:
436:
401:Iron-deficiency anemia
74:iron-deficiency anemia
8676:Personalized medicine
8535:Reproductive medicine
8460:Occupational medicine
8414:Evolutionary medicine
7842:Pure red cell aplasia
7609:hexokinase deficiency
6957:Van Meter KW (2005).
6732:on September 14, 2017
6268:10.1093/ajcn/64.5.789
5683:10.1093/jn/131.2.649S
4088:"Sickle Cell Disease"
3929:10.1093/jn/131.2.676s
3211:"Anemia | NHLBI, NIH"
2969:transmissible disease
2910:deficiency or severe
2832:is also recommended.
2730:Transfusion dependent
2614:(bone marrow failure)
2540:peripheral neuropathy
1276:
1265:
1090:Anemia of prematurity
877:lactate dehydrogenase
863:Anemias of increased
857:Further information:
853:Increased destruction
789:Anemia of prematurity
707:affects all kinds of
700:Pure red cell aplasia
674:
628:(a fast heart rate),
466:
442:
434:
413:World Health Assembly
345:, infections such as
276:loss of consciousness
8807:Transfusion medicine
8696:Traditional medicine
8656:Alternative medicine
8523:Addiction psychiatry
8337:Transfusion medicine
8332:Medical microbiology
8247:Gynecologic oncology
8099:Reproductive surgery
7847:Sideroblastic anemia
7655:Hemoglobin C disease
7541:Megaloblastic anemia
7206:10.3390/ijms21186976
6377:. February 9, 2011.
5910:. pp. 492â495.
5317:Understanding Anemia
4742:"Fluid imbalances".
4186:Williams Hermatology
3148:(10053): 1545â1602.
2428:Megaloblastic anemia
1393:Children (5â12 yrs)
1374:Hb threshold (g/dL)
1371:Age or gender group
1340:complete blood count
1019:Transfusion reaction
988:diseases. It can be
916:Enzyme deficiencies
911:Abetalipoproteinemia
838:chronic inflammation
822:Myelophthisic anemia
784:megaloblastic anemia
750:megaloblastic anemia
32:For other uses, see
8718:History of medicine
8701:Veterinary medicine
8508:Preventive medicine
8360:Adolescent medicine
8202:Infectious diseases
7646:Sickle cell disease
4210:on December 2, 2018
3883:(9809): 2123â2135.
3736:10.3390/jcm12030921
3645:on August 14, 2016.
3523:(9859): 2163â2196.
2979:Preoperative anemia
2973:Jehovah's Witnesses
2759:, aplastic anemia,
2674:after ingestion of
2538:deficiency include
1528:Red blood cell size
1367:
1304:standard deviations
1233:Helicobacter pylori
1183:used alone implies
1155:Trichuris trichiura
778:, as with vitamin B
767:. Lack of dietary B
691:Impaired production
618:sickle-cell disease
454:shortness of breath
351:autoimmune diseases
256:shortness of breath
155:shortness of breath
76:, with small, pale
8666:Molecular oncology
8623:Doctor of Medicine
8613:Master of Medicine
8530:Radiation oncology
8402:Emergency medicine
8355:Addiction medicine
8322:Clinical chemistry
8317:Clinical pathology
8109:Transplant surgery
8067:Orthopedic surgery
8045:Colorectal surgery
7933:Sulfhemoglobinemia
7380:External resources
6654:Clinical neurology
6651:Hankey GJ (2008).
5856:Harvey JW (2012).
5813:2007-03-15 at the
5539:2007-04-20 at the
4810:10.1039/c6mt00282j
4204:www.dictionary.com
3986:Weksler B (2017).
3806:www.hematology.org
3678:2009-04-17 at the
3188:. November 9, 2021
3016:. You can help by
2953:blood transfusions
2857:Blood transfusions
2765:sickle cell anemia
2682:minted after 1982.
2503:commonly causes a
2356:angular stomatitis
1883:(80<MCV<100)
1467:bone marrow sample
1404:Teens (12â15 yrs)
1365:
1348:automatic counters
1279:
1271:
1137:and cancer of the
1023:blood transfusions
953:Sickle cell anemia
948:Hemoglobinopathies
677:
481:
445:
437:
427:Signs and symptoms
389:blood transfusions
343:sickle cell anemia
335:bone marrow tumors
8784:
8783:
8618:Master of Surgery
8582:
8581:
8567:Tropical medicine
8513:Prison healthcare
8428:Hospital medicine
8392:Disaster medicine
8382:Aviation medicine
8197:Hospital medicine
8104:Surgical oncology
8089:Pediatric surgery
8083:
8030:Endocrine surgery
7955:
7954:
7951:
7950:
7938:Reticulocytopenia
7928:Methemoglobinemia
7916:
7915:
7807:
7806:
7747:
7746:
7546:Pernicious anemia
7489:
7488:
7481:Polycythemia vera
7420:
7419:
7073:10.1111/bjh.13623
6918:J. Hyperbaric Med
6664:978-1-84076-518-2
6341:Artificial Organs
6222:Ferri FF (2015).
6081:Leukemia Research
5925:978-1-4557-4555-5
5892:978-1-119-03652-4
5867:978-1-4377-0173-9
5809:, July 18, 2006.
5512:978-3-11-043433-0
5423:Radiologyinfo.org
5389:978-92-4-159665-7
5327:978-1-60473-701-1
5314:Uthman E (2009).
5296:978-0-323-35232-1
5269:978-0-323-29854-4
5240:978-1-4160-3006-5
5227:Rodak BF (2007).
5012:10.3390/nu5103839
5005:(10): 3839â3853.
4953:(35): 7908â7925.
4853:(13): 3542â3551.
4753:978-1-58255-678-9
4339:978-0-7216-0187-8
4314:978-1-4160-2973-1
4267:978-0-8036-1571-7
4170:978-1-4160-2973-1
4057:10.1002/ajh.23397
3347:(9890): 452â477.
3215:www.nhlbi.nih.gov
3034:
3033:
2941:hyperbaric oxygen
2935:Hyperbaric oxygen
2808:ferrous gluconate
2744:chelation therapy
2710:Refractory anemia
2638:Heinz body anemia
2587:Normocytic anemia
2457:Pernicious anemia
2453:deficiency does.
2422:Macrocytic anemia
2383:colorectal cancer
2296:Alpha-, and beta-
2293:synthesis defect
2273:synthesis defect
2261:Microcytic anemia
2245:white blood cells
2241:
2240:
2109:Microcytic anemia
2093:Normocytic anemia
2077:Macrocytic anemia
1907:
1906:
1891:Microcytic anemia
1881:Normocytic anemia
1873:Macrocytic anemia
1447:
1446:
1161:Iatrogenic anemia
1152:and the whipworm
889:genetic disorders
887:, are hereditary
869:hemolytic anemias
776:folate deficiency
746:Pernicious anemia
733:endocrine disease
604:damage (vitamin B
546:(if pre-existing
374:normocytic anemia
370:macrocytic anemia
366:microcytic anemia
339:genetic disorders
319:folate deficiency
192:
191:
174:Diagnostic method
41:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
8814:
8774:
8773:
8764:
8754:
8753:
8744:
8743:
8734:
8733:
8438:Medical genetics
8423:General practice
8300:Nuclear medicine
8175:Gastroenterology
8131:Vascular surgery
8081:
8008:
7982:
7975:
7968:
7959:
7705:
7619:hemoglobinopathy
7569:
7507:
7498:
7469:
7447:
7440:
7433:
7424:
7288:
7264:
7263:
7235:
7229:
7228:
7218:
7208:
7184:
7178:
7177:
7141:
7135:
7134:
7124:
7100:
7094:
7093:
7075:
7051:
7045:
7044:
7034:
7002:
6993:
6992:
6986:
6978:
6954:
6948:
6947:
6941:
6933:
6931:
6929:
6909:
6903:
6902:
6900:
6898:
6889:. Archived from
6882:
6871:
6870:
6860:
6828:
6822:
6821:
6820:
6818:
6812:
6794:
6782:
6776:
6775:
6751:
6742:
6741:
6739:
6737:
6722:
6713:
6712:
6688:
6677:
6676:
6648:
6642:
6641:
6639:
6637:
6623:
6617:
6616:
6606:
6574:
6568:
6567:
6557:
6533:
6527:
6526:
6490:
6481:
6480:
6470:
6446:
6440:
6439:
6429:
6412:(12): CD011588.
6397:
6391:
6390:
6388:
6386:
6371:
6365:
6364:
6336:
6330:
6329:
6319:
6287:
6281:
6280:
6270:
6246:
6240:
6239:
6219:
6213:
6212:
6192:
6186:
6185:
6165:
6159:
6158:
6148:
6124:
6115:
6114:
6104:
6072:
6066:
6065:
6029:
6023:
6022:
6020:
6018:
6003:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5992:
5977:
5971:
5970:
5960:
5936:
5930:
5929:
5903:
5897:
5896:
5878:
5872:
5871:
5853:
5844:
5843:
5841:
5839:
5824:
5818:
5804:
5798:
5797:
5769:
5763:
5762:
5734:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5717:
5711:. Archived from
5710:
5702:
5696:
5695:
5685:
5661:
5655:
5654:
5629:(6): 1381â1386.
5618:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5607:
5593:
5587:
5586:
5584:
5582:
5550:
5544:
5531:
5525:
5524:
5490:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5465:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5454:
5440:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5429:
5415:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5404:
5398:
5381:
5370:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5345:
5336:
5335:
5311:
5305:
5304:
5280:
5274:
5273:
5255:
5249:
5248:
5224:
5218:
5207:
5201:
5200:
5190:
5173:(5): 1747â1750.
5158:
5152:
5151:
5141:
5117:
5111:
5110:
5100:
5076:
5070:
5069:
5046:Gastroenterology
5041:
5035:
5034:
5024:
5014:
4989:
4983:
4982:
4972:
4962:
4938:
4929:
4928:
4892:
4883:
4882:
4872:
4862:
4838:
4832:
4831:
4821:
4789:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4778:
4764:
4758:
4757:
4739:
4733:
4732:
4722:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4672:10.1701/121.1312
4655:
4649:
4648:
4612:
4606:
4605:
4595:
4585:
4561:
4555:
4554:
4518:
4512:
4511:
4501:
4491:
4467:
4461:
4460:
4459:. June 26, 2018.
4453:
4447:
4446:
4418:
4412:
4411:
4401:
4369:
4363:
4350:
4344:
4343:
4325:
4319:
4318:
4300:
4294:
4293:
4287:
4279:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4226:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4206:. Archived from
4196:
4190:
4189:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4155:
4096:
4095:
4094:. July 22, 2022.
4084:
4078:
4077:
4059:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4010:
4004:
4003:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3931:
3922:(2): 676Sâ690S.
3907:
3901:
3900:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3855:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3782:. March 24, 2022
3772:
3759:
3758:
3748:
3738:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3689:
3683:
3670:
3661:
3660:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3589:
3572:(9963): 117â71.
3557:
3551:
3550:
3540:
3508:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3473:
3462:
3461:
3451:
3442:(6): 1585â1594.
3427:
3421:
3420:
3384:
3373:
3372:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3207:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3165:
3133:
3124:
3123:
3099:
3029:
3026:
3008:
3001:
2804:ferrous fumarate
2761:hemolytic anemia
2736:Beta thalassemia
2618:Hemolytic anemia
2461:intrinsic factor
1930:
1929:
1577:
1576:
1515:serum creatinine
1503:RBC folate level
1437:Men (>15yrs)
1426:Women, pregnant
1368:
941:oxidative stress
859:Hemolytic anemia
598:hemolytic anemia
502:cold intolerance
383:for prevention.
333:and a number of
301:, bleeding from
280:increased thirst
120:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
64:
44:
21:
8822:
8821:
8817:
8816:
8815:
8813:
8812:
8811:
8802:Hematopathology
8787:
8786:
8785:
8780:
8722:
8711:Chief physician
8644:
8589:
8578:
8572:Travel medicine
8557:Sports medicine
8540:Sexual medicine
8480:Palliative care
8475:Pain management
8419:Family medicine
8397:Diving medicine
8343:
8271:
8233:
8226:
8142:
8135:
8094:Plastic surgery
8040:General surgery
8020:Cardiac surgery
8001:
7999:
7991:
7986:
7956:
7947:
7912:
7856:
7815:
7803:
7743:
7694:
7560:
7552:
7485:
7460:
7458:red blood cells
7451:
7421:
7416:
7415:
7375:
7374:
7299:
7273:
7268:
7267:
7237:
7236:
7232:
7186:
7185:
7181:
7143:
7142:
7138:
7102:
7101:
7097:
7053:
7052:
7048:
7017:(8): CD012451.
7004:
7003:
6996:
6979:
6956:
6955:
6951:
6934:
6927:
6925:
6911:
6910:
6906:
6896:
6894:
6893:on July 5, 2008
6884:
6883:
6874:
6843:(8): CD012451.
6830:
6829:
6825:
6816:
6814:
6810:
6799:ABIM Foundation
6792:
6784:
6783:
6779:
6753:
6752:
6745:
6735:
6733:
6724:
6723:
6716:
6690:
6689:
6680:
6665:
6650:
6649:
6645:
6635:
6633:
6631:medlineplus.gov
6625:
6624:
6620:
6589:(2): CD009007.
6576:
6575:
6571:
6535:
6534:
6530:
6501:(11): 746â757.
6492:
6491:
6484:
6448:
6447:
6443:
6399:
6398:
6394:
6384:
6382:
6373:
6372:
6368:
6338:
6337:
6333:
6302:(4): CD009747.
6289:
6288:
6284:
6248:
6247:
6243:
6236:
6221:
6220:
6216:
6209:
6194:
6193:
6189:
6182:
6167:
6166:
6162:
6126:
6125:
6118:
6074:
6073:
6069:
6031:
6030:
6026:
6016:
6014:
6005:
6004:
6000:
5990:
5988:
5979:
5978:
5974:
5938:
5937:
5933:
5926:
5905:
5904:
5900:
5893:
5880:
5879:
5875:
5868:
5855:
5854:
5847:
5837:
5835:
5826:
5825:
5821:
5815:Wayback Machine
5805:
5801:
5771:
5770:
5766:
5736:
5735:
5731:
5721:
5719:
5718:on May 16, 2011
5715:
5708:
5704:
5703:
5699:
5663:
5662:
5658:
5620:
5619:
5615:
5605:
5603:
5595:
5594:
5590:
5580:
5578:
5565:(40): 897â899.
5552:
5551:
5547:
5541:Wayback Machine
5532:
5528:
5513:
5492:
5491:
5487:
5477:
5475:
5473:eMedicineHealth
5467:
5466:
5462:
5452:
5450:
5442:
5441:
5437:
5427:
5425:
5417:
5416:
5412:
5402:
5400:
5396:
5390:
5379:
5372:
5371:
5367:
5347:
5346:
5339:
5328:
5313:
5312:
5308:
5297:
5282:
5281:
5277:
5270:
5257:
5256:
5252:
5241:
5226:
5225:
5221:
5208:
5204:
5160:
5159:
5155:
5119:
5118:
5114:
5078:
5077:
5073:
5043:
5042:
5038:
4991:
4990:
4986:
4940:
4939:
4932:
4903:(10): 561â571.
4894:
4893:
4886:
4840:
4839:
4835:
4791:
4790:
4786:
4776:
4774:
4772:www.isbtweb.org
4766:
4765:
4761:
4754:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4692:
4691:
4687:
4657:
4656:
4652:
4614:
4613:
4609:
4563:
4562:
4558:
4520:
4519:
4515:
4469:
4468:
4464:
4455:
4454:
4450:
4420:
4419:
4415:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4361:Wayback Machine
4351:
4347:
4340:
4327:
4326:
4322:
4315:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4280:
4268:
4255:
4254:
4250:
4240:
4238:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4213:
4211:
4198:
4197:
4193:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4171:
4158:
4157:Table 12-1 in:
4156:
4099:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4022:
4020:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4000:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3810:
3808:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3785:
3783:
3774:
3773:
3762:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3701:
3699:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3680:Wayback Machine
3671:
3664:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3618:
3616:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3510:
3509:
3496:
3486:
3484:
3475:
3474:
3465:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3395:(11): 770â779.
3386:
3385:
3376:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3274:
3272:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3249:
3247:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3219:
3217:
3209:
3208:
3201:
3191:
3189:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3135:
3134:
3127:
3101:
3100:
3047:
3042:
3030:
3024:
3021:
3014:needs expansion
2999:
2990:
2981:
2937:
2920:
2908:
2904:
2897:
2893:
2885:
2880:
2877:
2859:
2842:parenteral iron
2838:
2836:Injectable iron
2830:parenteral iron
2800:ferrous sulfate
2792:
2780:
2774:
2752:
2732:
2724:occult bleeding
2720:iron absorption
2712:
2700:
2663:, for example,
2640:
2627:
2622:
2612:Aplastic anemia
2589:
2583:
2571:
2553:
2537:
2524:DNA replication
2489:
2478:
2466:
2452:
2444:
2435:
2424:
2418:
2398:schistosomiasis
2375:lower endoscopy
2371:upper endoscopy
2333:
2263:
2257:
1919:
1916:
1563:
1551:iron deficiency
1530:
1463:
1344:red blood cells
1336:
1312:reference range
1284:
1260:
1220:
1204:
1139:urinary bladder
1086:
920:Pyruvate kinase
861:
855:
781:
770:
765:
757:
705:Aplastic anemia
693:
685:iron deficiency
669:
607:
594:red blood cells
518:muscle weakness
429:
326:
315:iron deficiency
219:red blood cells
203:British English
157:, feeling faint
124:
94:
90:
78:red blood cells
42:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8820:
8818:
8810:
8809:
8804:
8799:
8789:
8788:
8782:
8781:
8779:
8778:
8768:
8758:
8748:
8738:
8727:
8724:
8723:
8721:
8720:
8715:
8714:
8713:
8703:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8673:
8668:
8663:
8658:
8652:
8650:
8649:Related topics
8646:
8645:
8643:
8642:
8641:
8640:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8598:Medical school
8594:
8592:
8584:
8583:
8580:
8579:
8577:
8576:
8575:
8574:
8564:
8559:
8554:
8552:Sleep medicine
8549:
8548:
8547:
8537:
8532:
8527:
8526:
8525:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8499:
8494:
8493:
8492:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8467:
8462:
8457:
8456:
8455:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8425:
8416:
8411:
8410:
8409:
8399:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8379:
8378:
8377:
8372:
8365:Anesthesiology
8362:
8357:
8351:
8349:
8345:
8344:
8342:
8341:
8340:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8304:
8303:
8302:
8297:
8295:Neuroradiology
8292:
8281:
8279:
8273:
8272:
8270:
8269:
8264:
8259:
8254:
8249:
8244:
8238:
8236:
8232:Obstetrics and
8228:
8227:
8225:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8183:
8182:
8172:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8147:
8145:
8137:
8136:
8134:
8133:
8128:
8127:
8126:
8116:
8114:Trauma surgery
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8085:
8084:
8077:Otolaryngology
8074:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8053:
8052:
8047:
8037:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8016:
8014:
8005:
8003:subspecialties
7993:
7992:
7987:
7985:
7984:
7977:
7970:
7962:
7953:
7952:
7949:
7948:
7946:
7945:
7940:
7935:
7930:
7924:
7922:
7918:
7917:
7914:
7913:
7911:
7910:
7909:
7908:
7903:
7891:
7890:
7889:
7884:
7879:
7866:
7864:
7858:
7857:
7855:
7854:
7849:
7844:
7837:
7832:
7830:Fanconi anemia
7823:
7821:
7809:
7808:
7805:
7804:
7802:
7801:
7795:
7794:
7789:
7783:
7782:
7781:
7780:
7770:
7764:
7763:
7762:
7761:
7748:
7745:
7744:
7742:
7741:
7736:
7735:
7734:
7724:
7719:
7713:
7711:
7702:
7696:
7695:
7693:
7692:
7687:
7686:
7685:
7675:
7674:
7673:
7657:
7652:
7643:
7642:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7614:
7613:
7612:
7611:
7606:
7601:
7589:
7577:
7575:
7566:
7554:
7553:
7551:
7550:
7549:
7548:
7533:
7532:
7531:
7530:
7515:
7513:
7504:
7495:
7491:
7490:
7487:
7486:
7484:
7483:
7477:
7475:
7466:
7462:
7461:
7452:
7450:
7449:
7442:
7435:
7427:
7418:
7417:
7414:
7413:
7396:
7384:
7383:
7381:
7377:
7376:
7373:
7372:
7361:
7350:
7339:
7320:
7300:
7295:
7294:
7292:
7291:Classification
7285:
7284:
7279:
7272:
7271:External links
7269:
7266:
7265:
7230:
7179:
7136:
7115:(2): 247â308.
7095:
7066:(3): 322â331.
7046:
6994:
6949:
6904:
6872:
6823:
6777:
6756:The Oncologist
6743:
6714:
6703:(6): 384â389.
6678:
6663:
6643:
6618:
6569:
6528:
6482:
6441:
6392:
6366:
6347:(4): 366â370.
6331:
6282:
6261:(5): 789â790.
6241:
6235:978-0323378222
6234:
6214:
6208:978-1416022466
6207:
6187:
6180:
6160:
6116:
6067:
6040:(2): 169â172.
6024:
5998:
5972:
5951:(4): 443â451.
5931:
5924:
5898:
5891:
5873:
5866:
5845:
5819:
5799:
5780:(3): 609â630.
5764:
5729:
5697:
5656:
5613:
5588:
5545:
5526:
5511:
5485:
5460:
5435:
5410:
5388:
5365:
5337:
5326:
5306:
5295:
5275:
5268:
5250:
5239:
5219:
5202:
5153:
5132:(4): 313â326.
5112:
5091:(3): 329â335.
5071:
5036:
4984:
4930:
4884:
4833:
4804:(2): 101â111.
4784:
4759:
4752:
4734:
4705:(1): e001480.
4685:
4666:(3): 153â164.
4662:(in Italian).
4650:
4623:(5): 330â338.
4607:
4556:
4529:(4): 531â537.
4513:
4462:
4448:
4413:
4384:(5): 361â370.
4364:
4345:
4338:
4320:
4313:
4295:
4266:
4248:
4221:
4191:
4188:. McGraw-Hill.
4176:
4169:
4097:
4079:
4050:(4): 261â264.
4030:
4005:
3998:
3978:
3943:
3902:
3867:
3838:(1): e16âe25.
3818:
3793:
3760:
3709:
3684:
3662:
3648:
3626:
3601:
3552:
3494:
3463:
3422:
3374:
3330:
3305:
3282:
3257:
3240:Dictionary.com
3227:
3199:
3177:
3125:
3044:
3043:
3041:
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3031:
3011:
3009:
2998:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2936:
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2919:
2916:
2906:
2902:
2895:
2891:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2858:
2855:
2851:erythropoiesis
2847:erythropoietin
2837:
2834:
2822:erythropoietin
2791:
2788:
2778:
2772:
2751:
2748:
2731:
2728:
2711:
2708:
2706:is below 10%.
2699:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2683:
2668:
2639:
2636:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2609:
2604:
2597:
2585:Main article:
2582:
2579:
2569:
2564:George Whipple
2556:William Murphy
2551:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2514:Drugs such as
2512:
2498:
2496:Hypothyroidism
2493:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2484:gastric bypass
2480:
2476:
2473:parietal cells
2464:
2450:
2442:
2433:
2420:Main article:
2417:
2414:
2406:
2405:
2386:
2359:
2332:
2331:
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2329:
2326:
2320:
2311:
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2303:
2300:
2288:
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2286:
2280:
2267:
2259:Main article:
2256:
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2204:
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2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
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2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2090:
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2084:
2082:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2066:
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2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
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2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
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1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
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1943:
1941:
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1933:
1914:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1869:
1868:
1866:
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1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
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1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
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1812:
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1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1787:
1785:
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1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
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1757:
1755:
1753:
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1749:
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1743:
1741:
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1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
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1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1562:
1559:
1555:B12 deficiency
1529:
1526:
1511:renal function
1497:, serum iron,
1488:erythropoiesis
1461:
1452:serum ferritin
1445:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1352:flow cytometry
1335:
1332:
1283:
1280:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1248:
1241:celiac disease
1237:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1203:
1202:Fluid overload
1200:
1165:
1164:
1158:
1142:
1131:
1121:
1118:
1115:angiodysplasia
1103:
1093:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1075:induced anemia
1061:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1016:
1007:
1001:
967:
966:
965:
960:
959:
958:
955:
945:
944:
943:
930:
914:
908:
902:
854:
851:
850:
849:
848:
847:
840:
834:
829:
816:
815:
814:
811:
805:
799:
796:
786:
779:
772:
768:
763:
755:
737:
736:
735:
729:
727:erythropoietin
720:kidney failure
716:
713:Fanconi anemia
702:
692:
689:
668:
665:
630:bounding pulse
612:major) or leg
605:
536:cardiac output
428:
425:
349:, and certain
324:
311:blood donation
207:blood disorder
190:
189:
186:
182:
181:
176:
170:
169:
163:
159:
158:
144:
138:
137:
132:
126:
125:
123:
122:
87:
85:
81:
80:
66:
65:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8819:
8808:
8805:
8803:
8800:
8798:
8795:
8794:
8792:
8777:
8769:
8767:
8763:
8759:
8757:
8749:
8747:
8739:
8737:
8729:
8728:
8725:
8719:
8716:
8712:
8709:
8708:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8681:Public health
8679:
8677:
8674:
8672:
8669:
8667:
8664:
8662:
8661:Allied health
8659:
8657:
8654:
8653:
8651:
8647:
8639:
8636:
8635:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8595:
8593:
8591:
8585:
8573:
8570:
8569:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8546:
8543:
8542:
8541:
8538:
8536:
8533:
8531:
8528:
8524:
8521:
8520:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8491:
8488:
8487:
8486:
8483:
8481:
8478:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8470:Oral medicine
8468:
8466:
8465:Ophthalmology
8463:
8461:
8458:
8454:
8451:
8450:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8408:
8405:
8404:
8403:
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8395:
8393:
8390:
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8385:
8383:
8380:
8376:
8373:
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8368:
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8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8356:
8353:
8352:
8350:
8346:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8327:Cytopathology
8325:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8309:
8308:
8305:
8301:
8298:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8287:
8286:
8283:
8282:
8280:
8278:
8274:
8268:
8267:Urogynecology
8265:
8263:
8260:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8239:
8237:
8235:
8229:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8181:
8178:
8177:
8176:
8173:
8171:
8170:Endocrinology
8168:
8166:
8163:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8152:
8149:
8148:
8146:
8144:
8138:
8132:
8129:
8125:
8122:
8121:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8080:
8079:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8042:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8017:
8015:
8013:
8009:
8006:
8004:
7998:
7994:
7990:
7983:
7978:
7976:
7971:
7969:
7964:
7963:
7960:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7925:
7923:
7919:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7898:
7897:
7896:
7892:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7874:
7873:
7872:
7868:
7867:
7865:
7863:
7859:
7853:
7852:Myelophthisic
7850:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7839:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7814:
7810:
7800:
7797:
7796:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7784:
7779:
7776:
7775:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7765:
7760:
7757:
7756:
7755:
7754:
7750:
7749:
7740:
7737:
7733:
7730:
7729:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7714:
7712:
7710:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7697:
7691:
7688:
7684:
7681:
7680:
7679:
7676:
7672:
7669:
7668:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7647:
7644:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7626:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7616:
7615:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7597:
7596:
7595:
7594:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7579:
7578:
7576:
7574:
7570:
7567:
7564:
7559:
7555:
7547:
7544:
7543:
7542:
7538:
7535:
7534:
7529:
7526:
7525:
7524:
7520:
7517:
7516:
7514:
7512:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7499:
7496:
7492:
7482:
7479:
7478:
7476:
7474:
7470:
7467:
7463:
7459:
7455:
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7443:
7441:
7436:
7434:
7429:
7428:
7425:
7412:
7409:
7406:
7402:
7401:
7397:
7395:
7391:
7390:
7386:
7385:
7382:
7378:
7371:
7367:
7366:
7362:
7360:
7356:
7355:
7351:
7349:
7345:
7344:
7340:
7338:
7334:
7330:
7329:
7325:
7321:
7319:
7315:
7311:
7310:
7306:
7302:
7301:
7298:
7293:
7289:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7274:
7270:
7261:
7257:
7253:
7249:
7245:
7241:
7234:
7231:
7226:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7198:
7194:
7190:
7183:
7180:
7175:
7171:
7167:
7163:
7159:
7155:
7151:
7147:
7140:
7137:
7132:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7114:
7110:
7106:
7099:
7096:
7091:
7087:
7083:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7065:
7061:
7057:
7050:
7047:
7042:
7038:
7033:
7028:
7024:
7020:
7016:
7012:
7008:
7001:
6999:
6995:
6990:
6984:
6976:
6972:
6968:
6964:
6960:
6953:
6950:
6945:
6939:
6923:
6919:
6915:
6908:
6905:
6892:
6888:
6881:
6879:
6877:
6873:
6868:
6864:
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6846:
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6834:
6827:
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6800:
6791:
6787:
6781:
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6769:
6765:
6761:
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6750:
6748:
6744:
6731:
6727:
6721:
6719:
6715:
6710:
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6698:
6694:
6687:
6685:
6683:
6679:
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6670:
6666:
6660:
6656:
6655:
6647:
6644:
6632:
6628:
6622:
6619:
6614:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6596:
6592:
6588:
6584:
6580:
6573:
6570:
6565:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6547:
6543:
6539:
6532:
6529:
6524:
6520:
6516:
6512:
6508:
6504:
6500:
6496:
6489:
6487:
6483:
6478:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6460:
6456:
6452:
6445:
6442:
6437:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6407:
6403:
6396:
6393:
6380:
6376:
6370:
6367:
6362:
6358:
6354:
6350:
6346:
6342:
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6332:
6327:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6309:
6305:
6301:
6297:
6293:
6286:
6283:
6278:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6260:
6256:
6252:
6245:
6242:
6237:
6231:
6227:
6226:
6218:
6215:
6210:
6204:
6200:
6199:
6191:
6188:
6183:
6181:9780702036255
6177:
6173:
6172:
6164:
6161:
6156:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6138:
6134:
6130:
6123:
6121:
6117:
6112:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6082:
6078:
6071:
6068:
6063:
6059:
6055:
6051:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6035:
6028:
6025:
6012:
6008:
6002:
5999:
5986:
5982:
5976:
5973:
5968:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5935:
5932:
5927:
5921:
5917:
5913:
5909:
5902:
5899:
5894:
5888:
5884:
5877:
5874:
5869:
5863:
5859:
5852:
5850:
5846:
5833:
5829:
5823:
5820:
5816:
5812:
5808:
5803:
5800:
5795:
5791:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5775:
5768:
5765:
5760:
5756:
5752:
5748:
5745:(7808): 882.
5744:
5740:
5733:
5730:
5714:
5707:
5701:
5698:
5693:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5675:
5671:
5667:
5660:
5657:
5652:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5617:
5614:
5602:
5598:
5592:
5589:
5576:
5572:
5568:
5564:
5560:
5556:
5549:
5546:
5542:
5538:
5535:
5530:
5527:
5522:
5518:
5514:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5489:
5486:
5474:
5470:
5464:
5461:
5449:
5445:
5439:
5436:
5424:
5420:
5414:
5411:
5395:
5391:
5385:
5378:
5377:
5369:
5366:
5360:
5355:
5351:
5344:
5342:
5338:
5333:
5329:
5323:
5319:
5318:
5310:
5307:
5302:
5298:
5292:
5288:
5287:
5279:
5276:
5271:
5265:
5261:
5254:
5251:
5246:
5242:
5236:
5232:
5231:
5223:
5220:
5217:
5213:
5212:
5206:
5203:
5198:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5180:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5157:
5154:
5149:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5131:
5127:
5123:
5116:
5113:
5108:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5075:
5072:
5067:
5063:
5059:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5040:
5037:
5032:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4988:
4985:
4980:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4937:
4935:
4931:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4891:
4889:
4885:
4880:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4837:
4834:
4829:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4788:
4785:
4773:
4769:
4763:
4760:
4755:
4749:
4745:
4738:
4735:
4730:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4689:
4686:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4654:
4651:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4611:
4608:
4603:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4570:Critical Care
4567:
4560:
4557:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4517:
4514:
4509:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4466:
4463:
4458:
4452:
4449:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4417:
4414:
4409:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4349:
4346:
4341:
4335:
4331:
4324:
4321:
4316:
4310:
4306:
4299:
4296:
4291:
4285:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4263:
4259:
4252:
4249:
4236:
4232:
4225:
4222:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4195:
4192:
4187:
4180:
4177:
4172:
4166:
4162:
4154:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4093:
4089:
4083:
4080:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4034:
4031:
4019:
4015:
4009:
4006:
4001:
3999:9781451154542
3995:
3991:
3990:
3982:
3979:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3947:
3944:
3939:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3906:
3903:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3871:
3868:
3863:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3822:
3819:
3807:
3803:
3797:
3794:
3781:
3777:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3713:
3710:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3658:
3652:
3649:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3630:
3627:
3615:
3611:
3605:
3602:
3597:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3556:
3553:
3548:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3482:
3481:GlobeNewswire
3478:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3459:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3426:
3423:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3334:
3331:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3309:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3286:
3283:
3271:
3267:
3261:
3258:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3231:
3228:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3039:
3037:
3028:
3019:
3015:
3012:This section
3010:
3007:
3003:
3002:
2996:
2994:
2987:
2985:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2965:blood product
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2943:(HBO) by the
2942:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2925:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2899:
2889:
2873:
2871:
2870:transfusion.
2867:
2864:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2843:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2796:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2781:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2740:iron overload
2737:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:acetaminophen
2644:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2624:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2588:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2509:liver disease
2506:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2485:
2481:
2474:
2470:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2448:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2410:Mentzer index
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2327:
2325:
2324:lead toxicity
2321:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:Sideroblastic
2312:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2238:
2226:
2209:
2190:
2187:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2153:
2145:
2143:
2135:
2133:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2094:
2078:
2068:
2065:
2049:
2047:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2021:
2005:
2003:
1987:
1985:
1976:
1974:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1892:
1882:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1827:
1817:
1815:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1792:
1775:
1772:
1764:
1762:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1736:
1728:
1726:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1709:
1699:
1687:
1673:
1670:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1642:
1636:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1613:
1611:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1470:
1469:, if needed.
1468:
1464:
1457:
1453:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1264:
1257:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1217:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1107:peptic ulcers
1104:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1057:Haemodialysis
1055:
1053:
1052:Heart surgery
1050:
1048:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
995:
991:
987:
984:
980:
977:
976:
974:
971:
970:
968:
964:
961:
956:
954:
951:
950:
949:
946:
942:
938:
934:
931:
929:
925:
921:
918:
917:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
896:
893:
892:
890:
886:
882:
881:
880:
878:
874:
870:
866:
860:
852:
845:
841:
839:
835:
833:
830:
827:
826:myelophthisis
823:
820:
819:
817:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
790:
787:
785:
777:
773:
766:
759:
751:
748:is a form of
747:
744:
743:
742:
741:erythroblasts
738:
734:
730:
728:
725:
721:
717:
714:
710:
706:
703:
701:
698:
697:
695:
694:
690:
688:
686:
682:
673:
666:
664:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
645:heart failure
642:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
559:
557:
556:heart failure
553:
549:
548:heart disease
545:
541:
537:
532:
530:
526:
525:feeling faint
521:
519:
515:
514:poor appetite
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
488:, headaches,
487:
478:
474:
473:AIIMS Kalyani
470:
465:
461:
459:
455:
451:
450:feeling tired
441:
433:
426:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
404:
402:
397:
395:
390:
386:
382:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
238:
234:
231:
230:Ancient Greek
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
209:in which the
208:
204:
200:
196:
187:
183:
180:
177:
175:
171:
167:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
147:Feeling tired
145:
143:
139:
136:
133:
131:
127:
118:
89:
88:
86:
84:Pronunciation
82:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
58:
54:
50:
45:
39:
35:
30:
19:
8686:Rural health
8671:Nanomedicine
8222:Rheumatology
8153: /
8072:Hand surgery
8057:Neurosurgery
7901:normochromic
7893:
7869:
7751:
7659:
7617:
7591:
7580:
7501:
7473:Polycythemia
7398:
7387:
7363:
7352:
7341:
7322:
7303:
7246:(1): 11â27.
7243:
7239:
7233:
7199:(18): 6976.
7196:
7192:
7182:
7152:(6): 690â5.
7149:
7145:
7139:
7112:
7108:
7098:
7063:
7059:
7049:
7014:
7010:
6983:cite journal
6969:(1): 61â83.
6966:
6962:
6952:
6938:cite journal
6926:. Retrieved
6921:
6917:
6907:
6895:. Retrieved
6891:the original
6840:
6836:
6826:
6815:, retrieved
6796:
6780:
6755:
6734:. Retrieved
6730:the original
6700:
6696:
6653:
6646:
6634:. Retrieved
6630:
6621:
6586:
6582:
6572:
6545:
6541:
6531:
6498:
6494:
6458:
6454:
6444:
6409:
6405:
6395:
6383:. Retrieved
6369:
6344:
6340:
6334:
6299:
6295:
6285:
6258:
6254:
6244:
6224:
6217:
6197:
6190:
6170:
6163:
6136:
6132:
6084:
6080:
6070:
6037:
6033:
6027:
6015:. Retrieved
6001:
5989:. Retrieved
5975:
5948:
5944:
5934:
5907:
5901:
5882:
5876:
5857:
5836:. Retrieved
5822:
5802:
5777:
5773:
5767:
5742:
5738:
5732:
5720:. Retrieved
5713:the original
5700:
5673:
5669:
5659:
5626:
5622:
5616:
5604:. Retrieved
5600:
5591:
5579:. Retrieved
5562:
5558:
5548:
5529:
5494:
5488:
5476:. Retrieved
5472:
5463:
5451:. Retrieved
5447:
5438:
5426:. Retrieved
5422:
5413:
5401:. Retrieved
5375:
5368:
5349:
5316:
5309:
5285:
5278:
5259:
5253:
5229:
5222:
5209:
5205:
5170:
5166:
5156:
5129:
5125:
5115:
5088:
5084:
5074:
5052:(4): S1âS9.
5049:
5045:
5039:
5002:
4998:
4987:
4950:
4946:
4900:
4896:
4850:
4846:
4836:
4801:
4797:
4787:
4775:. Retrieved
4771:
4762:
4743:
4737:
4702:
4698:
4688:
4663:
4659:
4653:
4620:
4616:
4610:
4573:
4569:
4559:
4526:
4522:
4516:
4479:
4475:
4465:
4451:
4426:
4422:
4416:
4381:
4377:
4367:
4348:
4329:
4323:
4304:
4298:
4257:
4251:
4239:. Retrieved
4234:
4224:
4212:. Retrieved
4208:the original
4203:
4194:
4185:
4179:
4160:
4091:
4082:
4047:
4043:
4033:
4021:. Retrieved
4017:
4008:
3988:
3981:
3956:
3952:
3946:
3919:
3915:
3905:
3880:
3876:
3870:
3835:
3831:
3821:
3809:. Retrieved
3805:
3796:
3784:. Retrieved
3779:
3726:
3722:
3712:
3700:. Retrieved
3696:
3687:
3651:
3643:the original
3638:
3629:
3619:February 27,
3617:. Retrieved
3613:
3604:
3569:
3565:
3555:
3520:
3516:
3485:. Retrieved
3480:
3439:
3435:
3425:
3392:
3388:
3344:
3340:
3333:
3315:
3308:
3291:
3285:
3273:. Retrieved
3269:
3260:
3248:. Retrieved
3239:
3230:
3218:. Retrieved
3214:
3190:. Retrieved
3180:
3145:
3141:
3111:
3107:
3035:
3022:
3018:adding to it
3013:
2991:
2988:Epidemiology
2982:
2938:
2921:
2900:
2881:
2868:
2860:
2839:
2826:epoetin alfa
2816:
2797:
2793:
2784:
2771:or vitamin B
2753:
2733:
2713:
2701:
2680:U.S. pennies
2658:
2643:Heinz bodies
2641:
2632:
2628:
2590:
2560:George Minot
2532:
2528:heavy metals
2516:methotrexate
2505:macrocytosis
2407:
2379:colon polyps
2334:
2305:HbC syndrome
2302:HbE syndrome
2264:
2242:
2225:reticulocyte
2208:reticulocyte
2095:(MCV 80â100)
2079:(MCV>100)
1923:
1920:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1875:(MCV>100)
1564:
1531:
1519:
1513:tests (e.g.
1492:
1475:reticulocyte
1471:
1456:iron studies
1448:
1337:
1328:
1316:
1285:
1231:
1221:
1205:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1153:
1125:menstruation
1072:
1066:
1035:, including
862:
802:Thalassemias
681:hypervolemia
678:
634:flow murmurs
582:
565:(pale skin,
560:
552:claudication
540:palpitations
533:
522:
482:
446:
405:
398:
378:
355:
288:
243:
240:
236:
233:
227:
198:
194:
193:
153:, weakness,
38:
29:
8756:Wikiproject
8545:Venereology
8490:Neonatology
8387:Dermatology
8242:Gynaecology
8234:gynaecology
8217:Pulmonology
8035:Eye surgery
7997:Specialties
7906:hypochromic
7862:Blood tests
7624:Thalassemia
7582:enzymopathy
7511:Nutritional
7389:MedlinePlus
6461:: 338â347.
6139:: 398â404.
6087:(1): 8â11.
6017:October 31,
5991:October 31,
5478:October 11,
5453:October 11,
5428:October 11,
5359:10665/85839
4798:Metallomics
4482:(9): e291.
4429:(1): 3â13.
4214:December 2,
3639:www.who.int
3270:Mayo Clinic
3220:February 8,
3192:February 8,
3025:August 2020
2886:is used by
2819:recombinant
2757:thalassemia
2698:Hyperanemia
2298:thalassemia
2249:bone marrow
2111:(MCV<80)
1893:(MCV<80)
1791:bone marrow
1499:transferrin
1479:bone marrow
1356:blood smear
1282:Definitions
1111:hemorrhoids
844:bone marrow
709:blood cells
626:tachycardia
610:thalassemia
596: â in
586:koilonychia
571:conjunctiva
477:West Bengal
331:thalassemia
70:Blood smear
52:Other names
8791:Categories
8518:Psychiatry
8504:(PM&R)
8497:Phlebology
8485:Pediatrics
8312:Anatomical
8277:Diagnostic
8257:Obstetrics
8207:Nephrology
8192:Hematology
8187:Geriatrics
8180:Hepatology
8165:Cardiology
8155:Immunology
7887:macrocytic
7882:microcytic
7877:normocytic
7840:Acquired:
7826:Hereditary
7593:glycolysis
7573:Hereditary
7354:DiseasesDB
6817:August 17,
5838:August 24,
5722:August 24,
5623:Pediatrics
5128:(Review).
5087:(Review).
5001:(Review).
4949:(Review).
4849:(Review).
4800:(Review).
4576:(1): 278.
4378:Hematology
4237:. UpToDate
3877:The Lancet
3811:January 8,
3729:(3): 921.
3702:January 8,
3316:StatPearls
3040:References
2912:neurologic
2769:folic acid
2704:hematocrit
2667:or garlic.
2602:blood loss
2581:Normocytic
2520:zidovudine
2501:Alcoholism
2469:autoimmune
2439:folic acid
2416:Macrocytic
2255:Microcytic
1547:macrocytic
1543:microcytic
1360:microscope
1319:hematocrit
1306:below the
1300:hemoglobin
1236:infection.
1185:widespread
1084:Blood loss
1063:Parasitic
1010:Rh disease
990:idiopathic
983:autoimmune
975:-mediated
928:glycolysis
924:hexokinase
836:anemia of
793:hematocrit
774:Anemia of
758:deficiency
731:Anemia of
718:Anemia of
653:hemoglobin
602:nerve cell
529:chest pain
381:iron pills
327:deficiency
305:, serious
291:blood loss
223:hemoglobin
166:Blood loss
135:Hematology
8706:Physician
8590:education
8448:Neurology
8443:Narcology
8307:Pathology
8285:Radiology
8160:Angiology
8124:Andrology
7558:Hemolytic
7411:emerg/734
7408:emerg/808
7400:eMedicine
7370:271737000
7365:SNOMED CT
7174:205268648
6736:August 4,
6673:503441695
6636:August 4,
6385:August 9,
5606:August 2,
5581:April 21,
5403:March 25,
5216:eMedicine
4999:Nutrients
4551:205391965
4284:cite book
4276:900626405
4023:April 26,
3959:: 16â23.
3487:August 2,
3236:"anaemia"
2961:religious
2901:Vitamin B
2874:Vitamin B
2812:Vitamin C
2790:Oral iron
2777:vitamin B
2750:Treatment
2722:or cause
2716:treatment
2691:red maple
2625:Dimorphic
2568:vitamin B
2548:glossitis
2432:vitamin B
2402:whipworms
2394:amebiasis
2390:hookworms
1460:vitamin B
1258:Diagnosis
1196:perfusion
1150:hookworms
1146:nematodes
986:hemolytic
782:, causes
762:vitamin B
754:vitamin B
616:(seen in
575:nail beds
494:irregular
486:dizziness
323:vitamin B
268:confusion
260:headaches
248:tiredness
185:Frequency
151:pale skin
130:Specialty
8736:Category
8212:Oncology
8143:medicine
8141:Internal
7989:Medicine
7816:(mostly
7813:Aplastic
7753:membrane
7700:Acquired
7661:membrane
7561:(mostly
7454:Diseases
7225:32972031
7166:21707575
7131:27040955
7090:37709527
7082:26343392
7041:32790892
6975:15796315
6867:32790892
6808:archived
6772:18458123
6709:28925645
6613:22336857
6564:21561874
6523:27062899
6515:24297191
6477:21239816
6436:31811820
6379:Archived
6361:11952508
6326:27087396
6317:10182438
6155:18024657
6111:20692036
6062:38832868
6054:12571473
6011:Archived
5985:Archived
5832:Archived
5811:Archived
5794:30037447
5692:11160596
5651:33404386
5643:11389261
5575:Archived
5571:12418542
5537:Archived
5521:28731309
5419:"Anemia"
5394:Archived
5332:Archived
5301:Archived
5245:Archived
5197:16189263
5148:21564345
5107:21450124
5066:15825115
5031:24077239
4979:27672287
4925:15561525
4917:26260366
4879:24707137
4828:28067386
4729:25559015
4680:16700423
4645:30859103
4637:26339939
4602:31399052
4543:21281406
4508:18820740
4443:17560035
4408:17891600
4357:Archived
4241:June 28,
4074:35587006
4066:23494945
3973:28528999
3938:11160598
3897:21813172
3862:25103581
3802:"Anemia"
3786:June 26,
3755:36769569
3697:Medscape
3676:Archived
3596:25530442
3547:23245607
3458:26561626
3409:24297193
3369:11748341
3361:23746776
3325:30855920
3300:20297873
3275:April 1,
3244:Archived
3172:27733282
3120:24716235
2526:such as
1450:include
1358:using a
1225:hepcidin
1192:ischemia
1177:ischemia
1173:ischemia
1129:fibroids
973:Antibody
873:jaundice
590:jaundice
458:exertion
341:such as
262:, and a
252:weakness
142:Symptoms
72:showing
8797:Anemias
8776:Outline
8746:Commons
8691:Therapy
8588:Medical
8151:Allergy
8119:Urology
8012:Surgery
7405:med/132
7348:D000740
7260:8876811
7216:7555399
7032:8095002
6928:May 19,
6897:May 19,
6858:8095002
6604:7388847
6427:6899074
6277:8901803
6102:8215731
5967:3577135
5958:1307333
5759:4123424
5188:1895695
5022:3820047
4993:2013).
4970:5028806
4870:3974521
4819:5321802
4777:May 22,
4720:4330071
4593:6688222
4499:2553481
4399:2409172
3853:4547326
3746:9918126
3587:4340604
3538:6350784
3417:4712203
3250:July 7,
3163:5055577
2997:History
2957:medical
2693:leaves.
2316:defect
1334:Testing
1288:reviews
1188:effects
1100:surgery
1047:malaria
752:due to
724:hormone
638:cardiac
469:Bengali
347:malaria
303:surgery
244:(haima)
237:- (an-)
205:) is a
199:anaemia
8766:Portal
8633:MDâPhD
7818:normo-
7563:normo-
7537:Macro-
7519:Micro-
7502:Anemia
7394:000560
7258:
7223:
7213:
7172:
7164:
7129:
7088:
7080:
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7029:
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6865:
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6770:
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6109:
6099:
6060:
6052:
5965:
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5889:
5864:
5792:
5757:
5739:Lancet
5690:
5649:
5641:
5569:
5519:
5509:
5386:
5324:
5293:
5266:
5237:
5211:Anemia
5195:
5185:
5146:
5105:
5064:
5029:
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4826:
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3566:Lancet
3545:
3535:
3517:Lancet
3456:
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3407:
3367:
3359:
3341:Lancet
3323:
3298:
3170:
3160:
3142:Lancet
3118:
2949:oxygen
2687:horses
2665:onions
2660:Allium
2600:Acute
2291:Globin
1955:Anemia
1596:Anemia
1292:oxygen
1181:anemia
1169:anemia
1135:cancer
1096:Trauma
899:spleen
667:Causes
636:, and
614:ulcers
579:sclera
567:mucosa
563:pallor
544:angina
512:skin,
510:yellow
307:injury
278:, and
215:oxygen
195:Anemia
162:Causes
121:
47:Anemia
18:Anemic
8348:Other
7921:Other
7650:trait
7639:delta
7629:alpha
7170:S2CID
7086:S2CID
6811:(PDF)
6793:(PDF)
6519:S2CID
6058:S2CID
5716:(PDF)
5709:(PDF)
5647:S2CID
5448:WebMD
5397:(PDF)
5380:(PDF)
5167:Blood
4921:S2CID
4641:S2CID
4547:S2CID
4070:S2CID
4018:WebMD
3413:S2CID
3365:S2CID
2806:, or
2227:count
2210:count
2206:High
1925:loss.
1440:13.0
1429:11.0
1418:12.0
1407:12.0
1396:11.5
1385:11.0
1323:blood
1294:. An
1123:From
1073:T. c.
498:rapid
421:SDG 2
309:, or
232:
211:blood
7709:AIHA
7634:beta
7343:MeSH
7328:9-CM
7256:PMID
7221:PMID
7162:PMID
7127:PMID
7078:PMID
7037:PMID
7015:2020
6989:link
6971:PMID
6944:link
6930:2008
6899:2008
6863:PMID
6841:2020
6819:2012
6768:PMID
6738:2022
6705:PMID
6669:OCLC
6659:ISBN
6638:2022
6609:PMID
6587:2012
6560:PMID
6511:PMID
6473:PMID
6459:2010
6432:PMID
6410:2019
6387:2013
6357:PMID
6322:PMID
6300:2016
6273:PMID
6230:ISBN
6203:ISBN
6176:ISBN
6151:PMID
6137:2007
6107:PMID
6050:PMID
6019:2011
5993:2011
5963:PMID
5920:ISBN
5887:ISBN
5862:ISBN
5840:2010
5790:PMID
5755:PMID
5724:2010
5688:PMID
5639:PMID
5608:2023
5583:2012
5567:PMID
5559:MMWR
5517:PMID
5507:ISBN
5480:2021
5455:2021
5430:2021
5405:2009
5384:ISBN
5322:ISBN
5291:ISBN
5264:ISBN
5235:ISBN
5193:PMID
5144:PMID
5103:PMID
5062:PMID
5027:PMID
4975:PMID
4913:PMID
4875:PMID
4824:PMID
4779:2018
4748:ISBN
4725:PMID
4676:PMID
4633:PMID
4598:PMID
4539:PMID
4504:PMID
4439:PMID
4404:PMID
4334:ISBN
4309:ISBN
4290:link
4272:OCLC
4262:ISBN
4243:2021
4216:2018
4165:ISBN
4062:PMID
4025:2022
3994:ISBN
3969:PMID
3934:PMID
3893:PMID
3858:PMID
3813:2022
3788:2022
3751:PMID
3704:2022
3621:2022
3592:PMID
3543:PMID
3489:2023
3454:PMID
3405:PMID
3357:PMID
3321:PMID
3296:PMID
3277:2022
3252:2014
3222:2022
3194:2022
3168:PMID
3116:PMID
2955:for
2676:zinc
2672:dogs
2655:cats
2562:and
2542:and
2408:The
2400:and
2373:and
2342:iron
2271:Heme
2223:Low
1443:8.1
1432:6.8
1421:7.4
1410:7.4
1399:7.1
1388:6.8
1308:mean
1243:and
1171:and
1039:and
935:and
922:and
649:Pica
583:e.g.
573:and
506:pale
360:and
284:pale
242:αጷΌα
8082:ENT
8000:and
7456:of
7359:663
7337:285
7333:280
7324:ICD
7318:D64
7314:D50
7305:ICD
7248:doi
7244:101
7211:PMC
7201:doi
7154:doi
7150:154
7117:doi
7068:doi
7064:171
7027:PMC
7019:doi
6853:PMC
6845:doi
6760:doi
6599:PMC
6591:doi
6550:doi
6542:Gut
6503:doi
6499:159
6463:doi
6422:PMC
6414:doi
6349:doi
6312:PMC
6304:doi
6263:doi
6141:doi
6097:PMC
6089:doi
6042:doi
5953:PMC
5949:146
5912:doi
5782:doi
5747:doi
5678:doi
5674:131
5631:doi
5627:107
5499:doi
5354:hdl
5214:at
5183:PMC
5175:doi
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5134:doi
5093:doi
5054:doi
5050:128
5017:PMC
5007:doi
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4806:doi
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