169:. The coating reduced echoes by 15% in the 10 to 18 kHz range. This frequency range matched the operating range of the early ASDIC active sonar used by the Allies. The ASDIC types 123, 123A, 144 and 145 all operated in the 14 to 22 kHz range. However, this degradation in echo reflection was not uniform at all diving depths due to the voids being compressed by the water pressure. An additional benefit of the coating was it acted as a sound dampener, containing the U-boat's own engine noises.
33:
99:
87:
374:
Modern tiles may consist of several layers of material with voids of variable sizes, designed to mask and deflect specific sound frequency ranges at different depths. Different materials may be used by marine engineers to cover sections of the submarine where they are needed to absorb specific
220:
It was not until late 1944 that the problems with the adhesive were mostly resolved. The coating required a special adhesive and careful application; it took several thousand hours of glueing and riveting on the U-boat. The first U-boat to test the new adhesive was
138:
music dramas. The coating consisted of sheets approximately 1 m (3 ft 3 in) square and 4 mm (0.16 in) thick, with rows of holes in two sizes, 4 mm (0.16 in) and 2 mm (0.079 in) in diameter.
216:
and casing. This resulted in the sheets loosening and creating turbulence in the water, making it easier for the submarine to be detected. Furthermore, the coating was found to have considerably decreased the speed of the boat.
821:
868:
231:
intended that it would be widely used on the new Type XXI and Type XXII U-boats. However, the war ended before it could be put into large scale use. Ultimately only one operational
356:
tiles. These were initially prone to falling off, but as the technology matured it was apparent that the tiles were having a dramatic effect in reducing the submarines'
780:
Die
Sonaranlagen der deutschen Unterseeboote: Entwicklung, Erprobung, Einsatz und Wirkung akustischer Ortungs- und Täuschungseinrichtungen der deutschen Unterseeboote
510:
192:
probably sometime in April 1941 where it was given the coating. The coating covered the conning tower and sides of the U-boat, but not to the deck. By 15 May 1941,
941:
204:. During July, the coating was removed from all parts of the boat except the conning tower and bow. Further experiments and sound trials were made in the
208:
but they presumably proved unsatisfactory, as all the coating was subsequently removed. Problems were encountered early-on, when it was found that the
875:
712:"Report of interrogation of survivors of U 574, a 500-ton U-boat, sunk at about 0425 on 19th December, 1941, in position 38° 15' N. and 17° 16' W."
787:
766:
745:
698:
652:
579:
536:
73:
To attenuate the sounds emitted from the vessel, typically its engines, to reduce the range at which it can be detected by
936:
162:
514:
420:
411:
242:
183:
177:
931:
489:
418:) or layers of conductive material (paper or plastic with carbon black) separated by layers of di-electric material (
822:"revêtement en caoutchouc absorbant Alberich (tuile anéchoïque) pour sous-marin Uboote (stealth) marine allemande"
799:
711:
664:
54:
or synthetic polymer tiles containing thousands of tiny voids, applied to the outer hulls of military ships and
622:
596:
313:
301:
295:
289:
283:
277:
271:
265:
236:
228:
135:
349:
259:
254:
248:
222:
188:, a Type IX, was the first operational U-boat with this coating. After its first war patrol, it put in at
393:
361:
322:
321:
Anechoic coating based on research & technology supplied by
Germany was also used by the Japanese
360:. Modern Russian tiles are about 100 mm thick, and apparently reduced the acoustic signature of
307:
665:"O.N.I. 250 – G/Serial 16; Report on the interrogation of survivors from U-67 sunk on 16 July 1943"
379:
154:
homopolymer with low-temperature elasticity; the rubber material itself was known by its trademark
389:
357:
843:
783:
762:
741:
694:
648:
575:
37:
116:
59:
402:
In recent years, nearly all modern military submarines are designed to use anechoic tiles.
328:
submarines, though completely different in composition from German rubber-based tiles like
540:
241:, was coated with the anechoic tiles. U-boats with the anechoic tiles coating include:
213:
131:
925:
414:- camouflage antiradar submarine coatings of synthetic rubber and iron oxide powder (
189:
900:
345:
147:
111:
165:, but contained air cavities; these cavities resulted in a degraded reflection of
70:, reducing and distorting the return signal, thereby reducing its effective range.
32:
43:. Two patches of missing tiles are visible towards the forward edge of the sail.
205:
460:
344:
After the war the technology was not used again until the late 1960s when the
232:
201:
151:
17:
173:
143:
120:
55:
715:
493:
98:
668:
368:
209:
127:
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frequencies associated with machinery at that location inside the hull.
86:
94:
tile, illustrating patterns of multiple holes with different diameters
353:
51:
759:
U-Boat
Operations of the Second World War: Career Histories, U1-U510
645:
The U-Boat: The
Evolution and Technical History of German Submarines
618:
592:
490:"C.B. 04051 (76); U 135; Interrogation of Survivors; November, 1943"
150:
tile and made using a stabilized, non-polar, high molecular weight
166:
97:
85:
74:
67:
511:"When the hunter becomes the prey – The first furtive submarine"
197:
212:
had insufficient strength to bond synthetic rubber with the
378:
The Royal Navy started using anechoic tiles in 1980, when
227:
a Type VIIC. With good results with the new adhesive, the
109:
The technology of anechoic tiles was developed by the
738:
Lost
Patrols: Submarine Wrecks of the English Channel
869:"Nuclear Submarine Refitting 1970–1983 (continued)"
691:Wolf Pack: The Story of the U-Boat in World War II
392:also started using anechoic tiles in 1980, with
348:began coating its submarines, starting with the
385:was fitted with them during its second refit.
539:. BASF – The Chemical Company. Archived from
371:, (i.e. 10% to 1% of its original strength).
8:
566:
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505:
503:
484:
482:
480:
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455:
453:
451:
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901:"Change of command welcome aboard pamphlet"
693:. Osprey Publishing; First Edition (2005).
572:Geschichte des deutschen U-Bootbaus, Band 2
844:"Подводные лодки. Проект 671, 671В, 671К"
31:
439:
27:Sonar-reducing and sound-altering tiles
625:from the original on 17 December 2010
599:from the original on 17 December 2010
7:
942:German inventions of the Nazi period
740:. Periscope Publishing Ltd (2002).
619:"ASDIC Equipment Types – Section B"
593:"ASDIC Equipment Types - Section A"
667:. uboatarchive.net. Archived from
492:. uboatarchive.net. Archived from
25:
761:. Naval Institute Press (1998).
714:uboatarchive.net. Archived from
574:. Bernard & Graefe Verlag.
130:of the Rhinegold treasure from
82:Development in the Third Reich
36:Anechoic tiles on the hull of
1:
105:tiles as they appear on U-480
66:To absorb the sound waves of
62:. Their function is twofold:
412:Radiation-absorbent material
128:the invisible guardian dwarf
958:
800:"Recubrimiento Anti-Sonar"
537:"Oppanol – polyisobutenes"
172:The coating had its first
782:. Bernard & Graefe.
200:performing tests in the
229:Oberkommando der Marine
136:Der Ring des Nibelungen
513:. Arte. Archived from
146:as a specially formed
106:
95:
90:A close-up view of an
44:
367:by between 10 and 20
161:The material was not
101:
89:
35:
937:Submarine components
689:Williamson, Gordon.
543:on 20 September 2013
461:"Anti Sonar Coating"
778:Rössler, Eberhard.
718:on 18 December 2010
671:on 19 December 2010
463:. www.uboataces.com
358:acoustic signatures
932:Stealth technology
643:Eberhard Rossler.
570:Rösler, Eberhard.
390:United States Navy
107:
96:
45:
757:Wynn, Kenneth G.
736:McCartney, Innes.
365:-class submarines
60:anechoic chambers
16:(Redirected from
949:
916:
915:
913:
911:
905:
897:
891:
890:
888:
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874:. Archived from
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834:
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812:
811:
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802:. u-historia.com
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496:on 14 June 2012.
486:
473:
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421:Jaumann absorber
340:Modern day usage
148:synthetic rubber
142:Manufactured by
117:Second World War
21:
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881:on 19 July 2011
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152:polyisobutylene
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621:. Jerry Proc.
610:
595:. Jerry Proc.
584:
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517:on 9 June 2010
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182:, a Type IIB.
132:Richard Wagner
83:
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79:
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48:Anechoic tiles
26:
24:
18:Anechoic tiles
14:
13:
10:
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788:3-7637-6272-8
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767:1-55750-860-7
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746:1-904381-04-9
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699:1-84176-872-3
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653:0-304-36120-8
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580:3-86047-153-8
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214:pressure hull
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190:Wilhelmshaven
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75:passive sonar
72:
69:
65:
64:
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61:
58:, as well as
57:
53:
49:
42:
41:
34:
30:
19:
908:. Retrieved
895:
883:. Retrieved
876:the original
863:
851:. Retrieved
848:deepstorm.ru
847:
838:
826:. Retrieved
824:. loutan.net
816:
804:. Retrieved
794:
779:
774:
758:
753:
737:
732:
720:. Retrieved
716:the original
706:
690:
685:
673:. Retrieved
669:the original
659:
644:
639:
627:. Retrieved
613:
601:. Retrieved
587:
571:
545:. Retrieved
541:the original
531:
519:. Retrieved
515:the original
494:the original
465:. Retrieved
419:
415:
401:
395:
387:
381:
377:
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362:
350:Victor class
346:Soviet Union
343:
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176:in 1940, on
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123:
112:Kriegsmarine
110:
108:
102:
91:
68:active sonar
47:
46:
39:
29:
906:. p. 3
806:17 December
722:17 December
675:17 December
647:. Cassell.
629:17 December
603:17 December
521:17 December
467:17 December
206:Little Belt
163:homogeneous
115:during the
926:Categories
910:19 January
885:22 October
828:27 October
429:References
233:Type XXIII
202:Baltic Sea
174:sea trials
56:submarines
416:Tarnmatte
394:USS
382:Churchill
380:HMS
334:Tarnmatte
144:IG Farben
121:codenamed
38:HMS
853:22 April
623:Archived
597:Archived
406:See also
369:decibels
330:Alberich
210:adhesive
124:Alberich
103:Alberich
92:Alberich
547:10 June
396:Batfish
196:was in
156:Oppanol
40:Triumph
786:
765:
744:
697:
651:
578:
354:rubber
326:-class
315:U-4709
309:U-4708
303:U-4704
297:U-1308
291:U-1306
285:U-1304
279:U-1107
273:U-1106
267:U-1105
238:U-4709
126:after
52:rubber
904:(PDF)
879:(PDF)
872:(PDF)
434:Notes
363:Akula
352:, in
324:I-400
261:U-486
256:U-485
250:U-480
224:U-480
167:ASDIC
912:2013
887:2010
855:2021
830:2020
808:2010
784:ISBN
763:ISBN
742:ISBN
724:2010
695:ISBN
677:2010
649:ISBN
631:2010
605:2010
576:ISBN
549:2013
523:2010
469:2010
388:The
312:and
244:U-11
198:Kiel
194:U-67
185:U-67
179:U-11
50:are
399:.
332:or
134:'s
928::
846:.
557:^
502:^
477:^
442:^
424:).
336:.
318:.
306:,
300:,
294:,
288:,
282:,
276:,
270:,
264:,
253:,
247:,
235:,
158:.
119:,
914:.
889:.
857:.
832:.
810:.
769:.
748:.
726:.
701:.
679:.
633:.
607:.
582:.
551:.
525:.
471:.
77:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
