302:
1.189). In the story, this partition leads to a family feud in which an alliance of the two elder sons (who rule over the AnÄrÄnian lands) battle the forces of the youngest (the
Iranians). The Iranians win.
290:) divides his kingdom ā the whole world ā among his three sons, he gives the Semitic lands in the west to the eldest, the lands of the north to his middle son Tur (Avestan
144:
306:
For
Ferdowsi, the Turanians/AnÄrÄnians (often used interchangeably) are unquestionably the villains of the piece. Their conflict with Iranians is the main theme of the
166:
The proclamation as "king of kings of ÄrÄn and AnÄrÄn" remained a stock epithet of subsequent
Sassanid dynasts. Thirty years after Shapur, the Zoroastrian high-priest
259:
7.2, 19.1) that the lands of Angra Mainyu (Middle
Persian: Ahriman) lay to the north. The two sources do however diverge with respect to details. In the Avesta,
89:. However, "in Zoroastrian literature and possibly in Sasanian political thought as well, the term has also a markedly religious connotation. An
460:
310:
and accounts for more than half of the text. The deaths of heroes and other admirable figures are frequently attributed to
Turanians. Thus
470:
445:
455:
103:("demons") or adherents of other religions." In these texts of the ninth to twelfth century, "Arabs and Turks are called
275:) is not AnÄrÄn ā Sogdia is one of the sixteen lands created by Mazda, not one of the lands of Angra Mainyu.
450:
388:
367:
350:
183:
440:
224:
132:
278:
Nonetheless, for
Ferdowsi the division between ÄrÄn and AnÄrÄn is just as rigid as it is in the
383:
58:
are not spoken. In a pejorative sense, it denotes "a political and religious enemy of Iran and
55:
465:
272:
250:
136:
86:
73:
199:
66:
59:
37:
23:
186:) contradicts Shapur's, which included the same two regions in his list of regions of
434:
362:
245:
draws on
Zoroastrian scripture (with due attribution) and retains the association of
268:
140:
51:
219:
81:
47:
345:
152:
315:
237:
211:
283:
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203:
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person is not merely non-Iranian, but specifically non-Zoroastrian; and
54:" (non-Aryan). Thus, in a general sense, 'Aniran' signifies lands where
175:
156:
159:- all three previously captured from the Romans ā in his list of
314:
5.92 says a
Turanian raider named Tur-Baratur killed the 77-year-old
260:
207:
167:
319:
148:
98:
249:
with the
Turanians. From the point of view of Ferdowsi's home in
198:
In the ninth to twelfth century
Zoroastrian texts, the legendary
115:
In official usage, the term is first attested in inscriptions of
143:, the enemies of the Sassanid state. This is also reflected in
253:, this identification coincides with the Avestan notion (e.g.
107:, as are Muslims generally, the latter in a veiled manner."
214:) the most hated among the beings that Ahriman (Avestan
119:(r. 241ā272), who styled himself the "king of kings of
182:
territories. In this, Kartir's inscription (also at
27:
46:) is an ethno-linguistic term that signifies "non-
341:
339:
337:
335:
16:Ethno-linguistic term that signifies "non-Aryan"
145:Shapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht
85:that in turn denoted either the people or the
41:
8:
379:
377:
422:, New York: Columbia UP, pp. 130ā131
331:
131:reflected the emperor's victories over
420:Zoroaster, the prophet of ancient Iran
7:
28:
42:
294:, hence the name "Turanian"), and
97:designates also worshipers of the
14:
139:, and staked a claim against the
418:Williams Jackson, A.V. (1899),
65:The term 'Aniran' derives from
1:
406:, New York: OUP, pp. 5ā6
147:, where the emperor includes
402:Dhalla, Maneckji N. (1922),
202:king and military commander
461:Ethno-cultural designations
282:: When the primordial king
487:
471:Persian words and phrases
446:History of Zoroastrianism
194:In scripture and folklore
404:Zoroastrian Civilization
456:Ancient history of Iran
127:." Shapur's claim to
389:EncyclopƦdia Iranica
368:EncyclopƦdia Iranica
351:EncyclopƦdia Iranica
225:Zand-i Wahman yasn
218:) set against the
206:is (together with
298:to his youngest (
273:Samarqand Regions
184:Ka'ba-ye Zartosht
79:, an antonym of
56:Iranian languages
478:
425:
423:
415:
409:
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393:
381:
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363:"ÄrÄn, ÄrÄnÅ”ahr"
360:
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45:
44:
31:
30:
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451:Sasanian Empire
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178:in his list of
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111:In inscriptions
87:Sasanian Empire
17:
12:
11:
5:
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267:, present-day
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163:territories.
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67:Middle Persian
60:Zoroastrianism
38:Modern Persian
24:Middle Persian
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13:
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9:
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2:
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170:included the
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216:Angra Mainyu
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141:Roman Empire
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76:
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64:
33:
29:š šš©š„š š
19:
18:
241:, the poet
435:Categories
384:"AfrÄsÄ«Äb"
153:Cappadocia
50:" or "non-
441:Shahnameh
316:Zoroaster
312:Shahnameh
308:Shahnameh
300:Shahnameh
288:ĪraÄtaona
286:(Avestan
263:(Avestan
238:Shahnameh
212:Alexander
346:"AnÄrÄn"
284:Fereydun
256:Vendidad
251:Khorasan
243:Ferdowsi
220:Iranians
204:Afrasiab
200:Turanian
172:Caucasus
133:Valerian
117:Shapur I
466:Exonyms
265:Sughdha
235:In the
176:Armenia
157:Cilicia
74:Pahlavi
48:Iranian
280:Avesta
261:Sogdia
247:Aneran
232:8.29)
228:7.32;
180:AnÄrÄn
168:Kartir
161:AnÄrÄn
155:, and
137:Philip
129:AnÄrÄn
125:AnÄrÄn
77:Ź¼nyrŹ¼n
70:anÄrÄn
43:Ų§ŁŪŲ±Ų§Ł
34:AnÄ«rĆ¢n
20:AnÄrÄn
320:Balkh
292:Turya
269:Sughd
208:Dahag
149:Syria
32:) or
296:ÄrÄn
271:and
210:and
188:ÄrÄn
174:and
135:and
123:and
121:ÄrÄn
105:anÄr
100:dÄws
95:anÄr
91:anÄr
82:ÄrÄn
52:Iran
386:at
365:at
348:at
318:in
62:."
437::
376:^
334:^
322:.
190:.
151:,
72:,
40:,
26:,
424:.
408:.
392:.
371:.
222:(
36:(
22:(
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