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Güterbahnhof (Goods
Station) is its eastern administration block (on the left in the 1874 elevation). It is now restored and today the home of 'Spectrum', the Berlin Science Centre, another part of the German Museum of Technology. Its western twin was badly damaged in World War 2 and was demolished in 1959, the bridge structure following in 1963; the grey rendered area on the side of the building in this picture marks the bridge's erstwhile location. Down the former loading road on the right, the covered goods-handling area is now used mainly by a variety of small industrial concerns. Further down again is a large overgrown area of almost total desolation. Things are however looking much brighter at the adjacent Anhalter locomotive depot to the west, sandwiched between the Anhalter Güterbahnhof and the former Dresdner Bahnhof. After decades of dereliction its buildings have been restored and also incorporated into the
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train. At the points where the lines passed directly beneath the actual border, concrete "collars" were constructed within the tunnels with just the minimum clearance for trains, to prevent people clinging to the sides or roof of the coaches. Anhalter
Bahnhof station itself remained open; being in West Berlin, it was the last stop for northbound trains before they entered the "restricted section", and the first stop for southbound trains after they had left the section. However, of its four platforms just two (sometimes only one) saw regular use, and the station appeared to receive only a minimum of cleaning and maintenance.
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Schwechten's own front elevation, showing the twin administration blocks linked by an attractive bridge structure, with three arches through which road vehicles passed into the so-called "ladestrasse" (loading road), 20 m (66 ft) wide. On either side were covered goods-handling areas some 210 m (690 ft) in length, with the railway sidings on the other side, to enable efficient movement of goods from railway wagons to road vehicles or vice versa.
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588:, led from the gate into the city. The Anhalter Gate was one of four extra ones provided in the years after the customs wall's original erection, increasing the total number of gates around the city from 14 to 18. The customs wall eventually became redundant and was demolished in 1866–67, which allowed Hirschelstraße (newly renamed Königgrätzer Straße), to be developed into a proper street for the first time.
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906:, an office block dating from the early 1930s, while in the right background is the 18-storey Excelsiorhaus, on the site of the former hotel. It is not known whether the tunnel that once linked the station with the hotel still exists. In the foreground is a large new synthetic playing surface for sports where the train shed once stood. Immediately south, directly behind the photographer, is the Tempodrom.
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1074:, in late April and early May 1945. With Hitler already dead, the remaining Nazi leaders resorted to increasingly desperate measures to slow the Soviet advance, whatever the consequences for their own citizens. Fearful that the Soviets might try to storm the centre of Berlin by coming through the rail tunnels, on 2 May the Nazi leaders ordered
686:, but was small and inconveniently sited some distance from the centre of the city, south of the Landwehr Canal. The Anhalter Bahnhof was more than capable of handling these services as well, and so on 15 October 1882 they were switched, and the Dresdner Bahnhof closed (its building actually still exists, next to the present Gleisdreieck
646:. Inside the building was a lavish and spacious booking hall with separate waiting rooms and facilities for no fewer than four classes of ticket holders. A separate entrance and reception area were provided for visiting royalty, and these saw frequent use. Behind all this, the huge iron and glass train-shed roof by writer and engineer
615:(1841-1924) designed the vast new station that would also be the biggest in Germany and at the time the biggest in Continental Europe, though it was later surpassed. A temporary station was opened in 1874; the old one was demolished in 1875 and the new one begun in 1876. On 15 June 1880, the new terminus was opened by
831:, no trains running between 17 June, the day of the uprising, and 9 July. Meanwhile, above ground, American servicemen had dismantled the surviving sections of the Anhalter Bahnhof's roof in March 1948, and a limited train service had begun operating again in August, with a few trains running out into the
938:. Concerns about its condition, coupled with the need to provide greater clearance for vessels on the river, brought about the replacement of the centre and south spans with one long new span in 1997–99, after which the old centre span was re-erected here as shown, as part of this new bridge designed by
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The buildings in the left background, on the south bank of the canal, house the German Museum of
Technology. The other bridge, the higher one crossing the canal at a sharp angle, carries a section of U-Bahn line between Gleisdreieck and Möckernbrücke stations. The only surviving parts of the Anhalter
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A fragmentary train service resumed along the North-South Link on 2 June 1946 once massive repairs were well advanced (water had to be pumped out at the beginning). Full services recommenced on 16 November 1947, although repairs were not complete until May 1948. The services were extended further in
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artillery shells. A massive bombing raid on the night of 23 November 1943 badly affected the station and caused so much damage to rail infrastructure further out that only a few local services could operate and no long-distance trains. Two further major raids on 3 February and 26 February 1945 left
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The S Bahn station also served as a border checkpoint for people entering East Berlin. Trains would generally slow down, however, affording passengers the strange sight of dusty, dimly lit platforms patrolled by armed guards, there to prevent any East
Berliners from trying to escape to the West by
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This location appeared on many picture postcards in the early years of the 20th century, and in some ways it has not significantly changed since then. The red-painted bridge side-on to the camera is a recent construction for pedestrians and cyclists, approximating in appearance the railway bridge
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between 1941 and 1945, about a third of the city's entire Jewish population (as of 1933). From
Anhalter Bahnhof, 9,600 Jews left in groups of 50 to 100 at a time using 116 trains. In contrast to other deportations which used freight wagons, Jews were taken away in ordinary passenger coaches which
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The S-Bahn station remains the only one open at the location, and still called "Anhalter
Bahnhof" although it is over half a century since the great terminus aboveground closed. As for the terminus itself, today the centre portion of the façade still looks out over Askanischer Platz, having been
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troops to blow up the bulkheads where the North-South Link passed beneath the
Landwehrkanal. Altogether up to 26 km (16 mi) of tunnels and many stations were flooded by this action, most of which had been used as public shelters and also to house military wounded in hospital trains in
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Link saw a more bizarre - though not unique - state of affairs. This line, plus two U-Bahn lines elsewhere in the city, suffered from a quirk of geography in that they briefly passed through East German territory en route from one part of West Berlin to another. This gave rise to the infamous
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Next to the passenger terminus, was the
Anhalter Güterbahnhof (goods station). The building, which had also been built by Franz Heinrich Schwechten, was located on the south bank of the Landwehr Canal immediately to the east of the parallel passenger lines. This artistic representation is
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This underground station was placed at the west side of the existing overground station. At
Anhalter Bahnhof S-Bahn station a direct access route to the mainline terminus above was provided from 19 December 1940. At the S-Bahn station four platforms were provided to receive the
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on 30 January 1937. Part of the scheme was to remodel Berlin's entire railway system. As this included the North-South S-Bahn link, the northern end of the
Anhalter S-Bahn station, already largely finished in 1936, had to be rebuilt to accommodate proposed new S-Bahn lines from
730:). Though still less busy than the Potsdamer Bahnhof up the road, the Anhalter Bahnhof was superior in its sheer scale, and in the opulence of its train services. Also by this time, the station was connected directly with a hotel which faced it across Askanischer Platz - the
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the terminus with large sections of its roof missing, the rest unsafe and tottering and no trains running at all. Many sections of the S-Bahn as well as the U-Bahn were also closed during the war due to enemy action and the section through Anhalter Bahnhof was no exception.
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sculptures, somewhat the worse for wear, still sat on either side of the now empty clock space until the most recent restoration of the structure in 2003–2004, but to avoid further corrosion they have now been replaced by copies (the originals can be seen in the
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was erected on 13 August 1961, it had a profound effect on rail services in and around the city, and on the S-Bahn and U-Bahn in particular. Essentially both were divided into two systems, with lines being physically severed where they crossed the border between
608:, the Anhalter Bahnhof opened as a fairly modest building (behind administration block); the platform was just 15 m (49 ft) wide. However, as the German rail network expanded throughout the 19th century so did the Anhalter Bahnhof to handle the growth.
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Link runs beneath the canal, and it was here that SS troops blew up the bulkheads in the last days of World War 2, deliberately flooding the tunnel in the hope of slowing the Soviet advance. The Anhalter Bahnhof stood out of the picture to the right (north).
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Initially the rebuilt terminus was still handling train services mainly to and from Leipzig, Frankfurt am Main and Munich, over the old Anhalter route. However, two years later it inherited a whole new range of services with the closure of the
576:) running down its centre. At the time of the Anhalter Bahnhof's construction there was no opening in the customs wall at this location, and so one was clearly needed so that travellers could get from city to station and vice versa. And so the
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The Tempodrom, a major new concert and event venue opened on 8 December 2001, extends across the site of the terminus just south of the train shed's former location. Its innovative futuristic roof rises to a height of 37.5 m.
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Further south still, extending down to the Landwehr Canal, is an area of woodland, recently tidied up and new paths laid, but amongst the trees and undergrowth, several crumbling sections of platforms are still clearly visible.
694:). This move was the key to establishing the Anhalter Bahnhof's ultimate importance, as the terminus became Berlin's “Gateway to the South,” with services via Dresden not only to Prague and Vienna, but to places as far away as
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underground sidings. The number of people drowned is unknown due to the large variations between estimates. According to Soviet propaganda up to 15,000 may have drowned, although a more conservative figure suggests 200–300.
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Since the early 20th century, the area around the Anhalter Bahnhof was popular with industrialists looking for a suitable location to build a nationwide cartel headquarters. The most renowned cartel of these was the German
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arriving via their separate tunnel mounds on opposite tracks of the receiving platform, and to provide the same for trains departing in the two directions. The station removed two siding tracks behind its south head.
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The area around Anhalter has been significantly redeveloped since the 1950s. There is a memorial display board honouring the Berlin Jews taken from here and elsewhere to their deaths by the Nazis during World War II.
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in the Soviet sector on 17 May 1952. With no services, the Anhalter Bahnhof was closed. Although detailed plans and an architect's model were drawn up to build a vast modern terminus on the site, nothing happened.
1026:, instead it would be built later. However, war and its outcome made Hitler's plans obsolete - the S-Bahn line to Görlitzer Bahnhof was never built, and the Görlitzer Bahnhof was demolished to make way for the
650:(1842-1906) measured 171 m long by 62 m wide (covering 10,600 m, under which 40,000 people could stand), and rose to 34 m in height along its centre line. The Anhalter Güterbahnhof (
1138:, close by on the south bank of the Landwehr Canal). The photograph on the right shows the façade remnant in 2005. The oddly-shaped white building faintly visible in the distance on the right is the
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564:, Saarlandstraße and today back again to Stresemannstraße), then a fairly ramshackle thoroughfare linking Askanischer Platz with Potsdamer Platz (and the Potsdamer Bahnhof), and with Berlin's old
734:, Europe's largest - by means of a tunnel, believed to be the longest of its kind in the world at 100 m, constructed in 1927–1928. The station had an underground arcade with five shops.
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1050:. The suburban lines to Zossen and Licherfelde-Ost via Papestraße and Priesterweg were connected to the tunnel on 6 November 1939, making the new north–south transversal line complete.
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By the 1930s, trains left its six platforms every three to five minutes, carrying an average of 44,000 people daily (around 16 million a year, compared with barely 49,000 at
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After the fall of the Wall on 9 November 1989, Anhalter Bahnhof S-Bahn station and all the ghost stations underwent a major refurbishment before being re-opened on 1 March 1992.
1105:), those unfortunate ones on the eastern side that were sealed off from the outside world and which trains ran straight through without stopping. (One exception was the station
879:, demolition was begun on 25 August 1960 and completed by 27 August despite considerable public outcry. Part of the centre portion of the façade was allowed to remain standing.
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Anhalter Güterbahnhof (Goods Station). Architect Franz Schwechten's original elevation from 1874. Note the loading road visible through the arches.
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which once crossed at the same spot. The main arch was once the centre span of three of a much older structure located elsewhere in the city - the
483:. Once one of Berlin's most important railway stations, it was severely damaged in World War II, and finally closed for traffic in 1952, when the
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would have severed its tracks. All rail traffic arriving in Berlin would instead have been redirected to two vast new stations located on the
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and West Berlin. In most cases trains on either side would simply run as far as the last stop before the border and then reverse back. The
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A 1900 view showing the front façade of the second Anhalter Bahnhof with Askanischer Platz and Königgrätzer Straße, as it was then known
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990:, but it was not planned in detail until 1928, and then approval had to wait until 1933, as part of Hitler's public works projects (
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which controlled Berlin and Germany as a whole. The Anhalter Bahnhof was served by trains arriving from places in Soviet-controlled
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rerouted all railway traffic between Berlin and places in the GDR avoiding the West Berlin area. The station's name lives on in the
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The original "Day and Night" sculptures from the façade, photographed in 2003 in their new home, the German Museum of Technology.
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regions, but it was not to last. The station's final demise was caused by the rapid collapse of relations between the
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station, having for many years served as part of a major mail-handling facility, itself since closed, called the
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The Landwehr Canal, at the point where the lines into the Anhalter Bahnhof once crossed it, photographed in 2005
541:, which in turn gave the new Berlin terminus its name. The network quickly grew to serve train services between
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and beyond at later dates. It became known as the "Anhalt line" because it ran through the historical state of
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Work to build the Anhalter Bahnhof began on 15 April 1839. As the Berlin terminus, of what become known as the
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The line to Anhalter Bahnhof, which was begun in 1934, opened in two phases. First the northern section from
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Link, less than six years old, became the setting for one of the most contentious episodes of the final
757:, the building would have ceased to be a railway terminus because the new triumphal avenue known as the
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However, despite its size and passenger numbers, the station was earmarked for redevelopment as part of
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During World War II, the Anhalter Bahnhof was one of three stations used to deport about 55,000 Berlin
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were coupled up to regular trains running according to the normal timetable. All deportations were to
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restored several times since the demolition of the rest of the building. At the top, Ludwig Brunow's
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Anhalter Bahnhof 2005. Platform remains - one of several sections still visible in the undergrowth.
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781:. According to Speer's plan, the Anhalter Bahnhof was earmarked to become a public swimming pool.
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had first been mooted in 1892, ten years after the building east–west transversal line, the
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Anhalter Bahnhof, like most of Berlin, was devastated by British and American bombs and
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Anhalter Bahnhof Entwicklung und Betrieb Zeugen und Zeugnisse aus über hundert Jahren
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After lying derelict for more than eight years, with some tracks and signals still
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626:. The new façade was 101 m across and embellished with zinc sculptures titled
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This view shows the rear of the façade remnant in 2005. In the left background is
642:(1846-1911) was responsible for a sculpture on the very top of the façade called
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1319:"Der VBB-Tarif: Aufteilung des Verbundgebietes in Tarifwaben und Tarifbereiche"
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638:(1843-1913), positioned on either side of the clock above the main entrance.
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transversal rail line connecting the northern suburban lines terminating at
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Anhalter Güterbahnhof 2005 - part of the overgrown area further south.
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Due to its location, the Soviets switched all remaining trains to the
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Anhalter Bahnhof 2005. The surviving central portion of the façade.
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was created in 1839–40, and bore a strong resemblance to architect
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Surviving administration block of the Anhalter Güterbahnhof, 2005
479:, Germany, approximately 600 m (2,000 ft) southeast of
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Buildings and structures in Berlin destroyed during World War II
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station of the same name, opened in October 1939 as part of the
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Formerly terminus and today underground S-Bahn station in Berlin
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Anhalter Bahnhof - the new train shed roof takes shape c. 1878
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which opened on 9 October 1939, shortly after the start of
674:. This terminus had opened on 17 June 1875, with trains to
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via the new underground Anhalter Bahnhof station with the
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and opened in February 2001. Just beyond it is where the
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1951. Another interruption of services was caused by the
1005:, was inaugurated on 28 July 1936, just in time for the
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Model of the station as it appeared before World War II
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and the trains from the two suburban lines coming from
994:) to pacify workers by reducing the high unemployment.
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Stettiner Bahnhof ("Nordbahnhof" since the early 1950s)
765:. To the north of the city centre, would have been the
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Buildings and structures in Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg
525:(the inaugural train being hauled by the very first
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1191:Anhalter Bahnhof 2005. The site of the train shed.
1358:Thomas Henry Elkins; Burkhard Hofmeister (1988).
895:is on the right, gazing into the distance, while
584:'s Potsdam Gate up the road. A new thoroughfare,
974:with the southern suburban lines terminating at
1038:The second stage was the southern section from
1656:Railway stations located underground in Berlin
1360:Berlin The Spatial Structure of a Divided City
1671:Demolished buildings and structures in Berlin
1502:
810:and from there to other concentration camps.
8:
1696:Buildings and structures demolished in 1960
741:'s grand plan to transform Berlin into the
658:on the same date as the passenger station.
1651:Railway stations in Germany opened in 1841
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773:and opposite to that would have been the
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1142:, a major new concert and event venue.
678:(over the so-called "Dresdener line"),
1203:Anhalter Bahnhof 2005 - The Tempodrom.
521:, it opened on 1 July 1841 as far as
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1171:Anhalter Bahnhof 2003. The original
753:’ plan, which was to be realised by
793:Ruin of the Anhalter Bahnhof, 1951.
1330:Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg
25:
1691:1952 disestablishments in Germany
863:Remains of Anhalter Bahnhof, 2014
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1332:. 1 January 2017. Archived from
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899:, on the left, is looking away.
829:uprising of 1953 in East Germany
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1686:Railway stations closed in 1952
1362:. Routledge. pp. 115–17.
1:
924:Eduard Albert Paul Gottheiner
654:), also opened, south of the
529:locomotive), and extended to
1425:Alfred B. Gottwaldt (1994).
992:Arbeitsbeschaffungsmaßnahmen
1179:sculptures from the façade.
1136:German Museum of Technology
988:Berlin Schlesischer Bahnhof
953:German Museum of Technology
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1517:Former railway termini in
926:in 1881–82, which carried
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644:The International Traffic
613:Franz Heinrich Schwechten
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1427:Berlin, Anhalter Bahnhof
934:just to the east of the
847:but the terminus was in
728:Berlin Tempelhof Airport
72:Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg
57:The south facade in 1881
1482:Stadtschnellbahn Berlin
1446:Berlin Anhalter Bahnhof
1444:Peter G. Kliem (1984).
1408:Berlin Anhalter Bahnhof
1387:Knothe, Rainer (1997).
1326:Verkehrsbetrieb Potsdam
1107:Bahnhof Friedrichstraße
1024:Potsdamer Platz station
841:Allied Occupying Powers
582:Karl Friedrich Schinkel
556:The front façade faced
499:North-South S-Bahn link
416:Location within Germany
386:Show map of Brandenburg
383:Location in Brandenburg
36:Berlin Anhalter Bahnhof
1661:Berlin S-Bahn stations
1406:Maier, Helmut (1983).
984:Charlottenburg station
864:
855:Closure and demolition
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566:customs or excise wall
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449:Location within Europe
350:Location within Berlin
1627:52.50306°N 13.38194°E
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1579:Schlesischer Bahnhof
1007:Berlin Olympic Games
1623: /
1473:Station information
1101:"Geisterbahnhöfe" (
1060:Priesterweg station
777:(South Station) in
769:(North Station) at
611:In 1872, architect
490:Deutsche Reichsbahn
419:Show map of Germany
63:General information
1632:52.50306; 13.38194
1339:on 27 October 2020
1098:S-Bahn North-South
1068:S-Bahn North-South
944:S-Bahn North-South
865:
795:
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513:The 1841 frontage.
452:Show map of Europe
353:Show map of Berlin
167:Following station
159:Preceding station
1676:History of Berlin
1606:
1605:
1589:Wriezener Bahnhof
1584:Stettiner Bahnhof
1574:Potsdamer Bahnhof
1554:Hamburger Bahnhof
1549:Görlitzer Bahnhof
1436:978-3-87094-226-7
1417:978-3-88245-108-5
1398:978-3-88255-681-0
1369:978-0-416-92220-2
1020:Görlitzer Bahnhof
999:Stettiner Bahnhof
976:Potsdamer Bahnhof
806:in Nazi-occupied
624:Otto von Bismarck
606:Potsdamer Bahnhof
558:Askanischer Platz
547:Frankfurt am Main
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1013:(World Capital)
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968:North-South Link
963:The idea for an
759:North-South Axis
745:(World Capital)
672:Dresdner Bahnhof
617:Kaiser Wilhelm I
562:Stresemannstraße
473:railway terminus
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749:. Under the
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264:Teltow Stadt
231:Blankenfelde
86:Station code
1630: /
1479:(in German)
1470:(in German)
1343:25 November
1094:East Berlin
1089:Berlin Wall
1056:Wannseebahn
1044:Wannseebahn
1034:Wartime use
1028:Berlin Wall
922:, built by
849:West Berlin
837:Brandenburg
767:Nordbahnhof
718:syndicate.
692:Postbahnhof
574:Akzisemauer
277:Blankenburg
259:Yorckstraße
244:Hennigsdorf
226:Yorckstraße
193:Yorckstraße
178:Oranienburg
1645:Categories
1618:13°22′55″E
1615:52°30′11″N
1305:References
904:Europahaus
869:Ostbahnhof
775:Südbahnhof
621:Chancellor
95:DS100 code
1251:Monument.
1239:Platform.
1140:Tempodrom
1087:When the
980:Stadtbahn
936:Reichstag
592:Expansion
114:Fare zone
1475:(S-Bahn)
1083:Cold War
1015:Germania
822:Post war
779:Südkreuz
763:Ringbahn
747:Germania
523:Jüterbog
318:Location
275:towards
262:towards
242:towards
229:towards
209:towards
196:towards
176:towards
150:Services
105:Category
74:, Berlin
68:Location
1381:Sources
1146:Gallery
877:in situ
771:Wedding
676:Dresden
543:Leipzig
487:-owned
198:Wannsee
125:History
76:Germany
1519:Berlin
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965:S-Bahn
815:Soviet
716:potash
704:Athens
700:Naples
688:U-Bahn
684:Vienna
680:Prague
570:German
551:Munich
539:Anhalt
535:Köthen
531:Dessau
527:Borsig
477:Berlin
211:Bernau
138:Closed
130:Opened
1337:(PDF)
1322:(PDF)
1177:Night
1131:Night
932:Spree
897:Night
751:Nazis
632:Night
1450:ISBN
1431:ISBN
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1393:ISBN
1364:ISBN
1345:2019
1175:and
1129:and
1066:The
986:and
835:and
799:Jews
702:and
696:Rome
682:and
630:and
619:and
549:and
467:The
141:1952
133:1841
99:BAHU
1173:Day
1127:Day
1001:to
893:Day
634:by
628:Day
485:GDR
475:in
285:S26
252:S25
118:VBB
89:n/a
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