5901:
58:. Syrian hamsters are used to model human medical conditions including various cancers, metabolic diseases, non-cancer respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, and general health concerns. In 2014, Syrian hamsters accounted for 14.6% of the total animal research participants in the United States covered by the Animal Welfare Act.
6045:
657:
available. They prefer lived-in bedding (up to two weeks old – longer durations were not tested) over new bedding, suggesting they may prefer bedding changes at two-week intervals rather than weekly or daily. They also prefer opaque tubes closed at one end, 7.6 cm in diameter, to use as shelter in which to nest and sleep.
240:. Hamsters metabolize cholesterol in a way that is similar to humans. Different sorts of fats are more or less likely to produce gallstones in hamsters. The gender differences in gallstone formation in hamsters is significant. Hamsters of different genetic strains have significant differences in susceptibility to forming gallstones.
6438:
337:
may be studied in hamster cheek pouches. The pouches of hamsters are thin, easy to examine without stopping bloodflow, and highly vascular. When examined, the cheek pouch is pulled through the mouth while being grasped with forceps. At this point the cheek is everted and can be pinned onto a mount
656:
concerning captive golden hamsters have shown they prefer to use running wheels of large diameters (35 cm diameter was preferred over 23 cm, and 23 cm over 17.5 cm,), and that they prefer bedding material which allows them to build nests, if nesting material is not already
962:
Papakosta, V; Vairaktaris, E; Vylliotis, A; Derka, S; Nkenke, E; Vassiliou, S; Lazaris, A; Mourouzis, C; Rallis, G; Spyridonidou, S; Anagnostopoulou, S; Perrea, D; Donta, I; Yapijakis, C; Patsouris, E (n.d.). "The co-expression of c-myc and p53 increases and reaches a plateau early in oral
196:
causing cancers in human. Leaving that controversy aside, Syrian hamsters injected with SV40 certainly will develop various cancers in predictable ways depending on how they are exposed to the virus. The hamster has been used as a research model to clarify what SV40 does in humans.
31:
1603:
Borzone, G; Liberona, L; Olmos, P; Sáez, C; Meneses, M; Reyes, T; Moreno, R; Lisboa, C (September 2007). "Rat and hamster species differences in susceptibility to elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema relate to differences in elastase inhibitory capacity".
395:
species, but they do not get the same symptoms as humans, and the same infection that is deadly in humans have effects ranging from nothing to flu to death in Syrian hamsters. Because hamsters become easily infected, they are used to study the
348:. Another method could be to compress the veins and arteries with microvascular clips which do not cause trauma. In either case, after about an hour of restricting the blood, the pressure is removed to study how the pouch recovers.
2346:
Silva, Éverton F.; Santos, Cleiton S.; Athanazio, Daniel A.; Seyffert, Núbia; Seixas, Fabiana K.; Cerqueira, Gustavo M.; Fagundes, Michel Q.; Brod, Claudiomar S.; Reis, Mitermayer G.; Dellagostin, Odir A.; Ko, Albert I. (2008).
560:
hamsters is compared to typical male hamsters. Castrated hamsters are then given steroids and their behavior noted. Some steroid treatments will cause castrated hamsters to do behaviors that typical male hamsters do.
74:, animal research used about 120,000 hamsters, which was 14.6% of the total research animal use (under the Animal Welfare Act which excludes mice, rats, and fish) for that year in that country. According to the
35:
33:
145:
is a common cancer in humans and difficult to treat. Scientists studying this disease broadly accept Syrian hamsters as animal models for researching it. In this research, the hamster is given
823:
Oreffo, VI; Lin, HW; Gumerlock, PH; Kraegel, SA; Witschi, H (1992). "Mutational analysis of a dominant oncogene (c-Ki-ras-2) and a tumor suppressor gene (p53) in hamster lung tumorigenesis".
2514:"Simulation of the clinical and pathological manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in golden Syrian hamster model: implications for disease pathogenesis and transmissibility"
3042:
Valentine, Helen; Daugherity, Erin K.; Singh, Bhupinder; Maurer, Kirk J. (2012). "The
Experimental Use of Syrian Hamsters". In Suckow, Mark A.; Stevens, Karla A.; Wilson, Ronald P. (eds.).
189:
which is similar to human cancer development. Because hamsters develop this cancer so predictably, researchers are comfortable in using hamsters in research on prevention and treatment.
3781:
1387:
Trautwein, EA; Siddiqui, A; Hayes, KC (September 1999). "Characterization of the bile acid profile in developing male and female hamsters in response to dietary cholesterol challenge".
1943:
Persson, NH; Erlansson, M; Svensjö, E; Takolander, R; Bergqvist, D (1985). "The hamster cheek pouch – an experimental model to study postischemic macromolecular permeability".
34:
5300:
1803:
Kerger, H; Torres Filho, IP; Rivas, M; Winslow, RM; Intaglietta, M (February 1995). "Systemic and subcutaneous microvascular oxygen tension in conscious Syrian golden hamsters".
882:
Vairaktaris, E; Spyridonidou, S; Papakosta, V; Vylliotis, A; Lazaris, A; Perrea, D; Yapijakis, C; Patsouris, E (April 2008). "The hamster model of sequential oral oncogenesis".
1832:
Klitzman, B; Popel, AS; Duling, BR (January 1983). "Oxygen transport in resting and contracting hamster cremaster muscles: experimental and theoretical microvascular studies".
291:
can be studied on Syrian hamsters by putting the hamster in a laboratory smoking machine. Pregnant hamsters have been used to model the effects of smoking on pregnant humans.
6264:
359:
for human forms of dilated cardiomyopathy. The gene responsible for hamster cardiomyopathy in a widely studied inbred hamster strain, BIO14.6, has been identified as being
6269:
1565:
Magers, T; Talbot, P; DiCarlantonio, G; Knoll, M; Demers, D; Tsai, I; Hoodbhoy, T (n.d.). "Cigarette smoke inhalation affects the reproductive system of female hamsters".
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3160:
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in humans. Syrian hamsters may be infected with the virus, and like humans will have viral replication and lesions in the respiratory tract which can be examined with
2469:
Prusiner, SB; Cochran, SP; Groth, DF; Downey, DE; Bowman, KA; Martinez, HM (April 1982). "Measurement of the scrapie agent using an incubation time interval assay".
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181:
and Syrian hamsters with this cancer also have increased levels of that kinase. As the tumor develops in the hamster, they also have increased gene expression in
6324:
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in hamsters is an inherited condition and there are genetic lines of hamsters which are bred to retain this gene so that they may be used to study the disease.
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6009:
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several times over six months, they will develop that sort of cancer. In both Syrian hamsters and humans, this cancer is associated with mutations to the
4798:
1416:
Cohen, BI; Matoba, N; Mosbach, EH; McSherry, CK (February 1989). "Dietary induction of cholesterol gallstones in hamsters from three different sources".
344:
may be studied with everted hamster pouches also. To simulate reperfusion, one method is to tie a cuff around the pouch to restrict blood flow and cause
587:, which causes an ulcer within 1–5 hours depending on the dose. If repeatedly given doses, hamsters get severe lesions and die within 5 days from
1721:
Lazo, JS; Hoyt, DG; Sebti, SM; Pitt, BR (1990). "Bleomycin: a pharmacologic tool in the study of the pathogenesis of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis".
32:
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5332:
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3140:
1970:
Bertuglia, S; Marchiafava, PL; Colantuoni, A (June 1996). "Melatonin prevents ischemia reperfusion injury in hamster cheek pouch microcirculation".
1156:
1154:
Copper, H. L.; MacKay, C. M.; Banfield, W. G. (1 October 1964). "Chromosome
Studies of a Contagious Reticulum Cell Sarcoma of the Syrian Hamster".
3180:
3082:
1357:
Lamarche, B; Lewis, GF (June 1998). "Atherosclerosis prevention for the next decade: risk assessment beyond low density lipoprotein cholesterol".
526:
153:
on its cheeks. The scientist can take cell samples from the mouth of the hamster to measure the development of the cancer. This process has good
3257:
1254:
Ginsberg, HN (July 1996). "Diabetic dyslipidemia: basic mechanisms underlying the common hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL cholesterol levels".
138:
gene. For various reasons, collecting data on the way that Syrian hamsters develop this lung cancer provides insight on how humans develop it.
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Syrian hamsters are also widely used in research into alcoholism, by virtue of their large livers, and ability to metabolise high doses.
5934:
5623:
3833:
1320:
Laakso, Markku (2009). "Lipids and
Lipoproteins as Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease in Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus".
2776:
Dajani, EZ; Agrawal, NM (March 1995). "Prevention and treatment of ulcers induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: an update".
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5091:
5001:
3051:
3032:
1043:
Pershouse, Mark A.; Heivly, Shane; Girtsman, Teri (2006). "The Role of SV40 in
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Human Malignancies".
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4911:
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423:
3023:
Smith, Gerald D. (2012). "Hamsters – Taxonomy and
History". In Suckow, Mark A.; Stevens, Karla A.; Wilson, Ronald P. (eds.).
2819:
Ralph, M.R., et al., Transplanted
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Determines Circadian Period. Science, 1990. 247(4945): pp. 975–978.
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tests. However, hamsters do not develop clinical symptoms of the disease. Hamsters might be used to study the infection process.
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3761:
6339:
6259:
5964:
5927:
5404:
3771:
3481:
3150:
995:
Shklar, G (December 1999). "Development of experimental oral carcinogenesis and its impact on current oral cancer research".
150:
3221:
1651:
Hayes, JA; Christensen, TG; Snider, GL (October 1977). "The hamster as a model of chronic bronchitis and emphysema in man".
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382:
124:
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Moon, JE; Rivard, RG; Griffith, ME; Ressner, RA; McCall, S; Reitstetter, RE; Hospenthal, DR; Murray, CK (January 2007).
744:
Koletsis, Efstratios N; Prokakis, Christos; Karanikolas, Menelaos; Apostolakis, Efstratios; Dougenis, Dimitrios (2009).
2104:"Andes virus M genome segment is not sufficient to confer the virulence associated with Andes virus in Syrian hamsters"
1672:
Snider, GL; Sherter, CB (October 1977). "A one-year study of the evolution of elastase-induced emphysema in hamsters".
922:
Werkmeister, R; Brandt, B; Joos, U (January 2000). "Clinical relevance of erbB-1 and -2 oncogenes in oral carcinomas".
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6125:
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5388:
5016:
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3130:
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201:
75:
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which affect humans. Because of this, hamsters are an excellent animal model for studying human metabolic disorder.
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2005:
Nigro, V.; Okazaki, Y; Belsito, A; Piluso, G; Matsuda, Y; Politano, L; Nigro, G; Ventura, C; et al. (1997).
1893:
Davis, MJ; Gore, RW (January 1985). "A new preparation for microcirculatory studies of the hamster cheek pouch".
1774:
Davis, MJ; Gore, RW (January 1985). "A new preparation for microcirculatory studies of the hamster cheek pouch".
55:
2872:
Mrosovsky, N.; Salmon, P.A.; Vrang, N. (1998). "Revolutionary science: an improved running wheel for hamsters".
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in humans and similar symptoms in Syrian hamsters. Syrian hamsters are used to test drugs to treat the disease.
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5217:
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4642:
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3241:
631:
533:
277:
142:
2743:"Effect of naproxen on the hamster gastric antrum: ulceration, adaptation and efficacy of anti-ulcer drugs"
2297:
Schaecher, SR; Stabenow, J; Oberle, C; Schriewer, J; Buller, RM; Sagartz, JE; Pekosz, A (25 October 2008).
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3423:
3313:
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457:
4325:
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Veillette, M.; Reebs, S.G. (2010). "Preference of Syrian hamsters to nest in old versus new bedding".
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149:, has its mouth opened to expose the inside of its cheeks, and the researcher brushes the carcinogen
367:, which is a not infrequent cause of unexpected sudden death in adolescent or young adult hamsters.
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4365:
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4240:
4215:
3934:
3791:
3680:
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3569:
484:
299:
233:
223:
127:, which is one of the types of human lung cancer. In research, when hamsters are injected with the
246:
is studied in various ways using Syrian hamsters. Hamsters which are feed fructose for 7 days get
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which can be transmitted from one golden hamster to another by means of the bite of the mosquito
17:
5787:
5734:
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4783:
4129:
2145:"Maporal viral infection in the Syrian golden hamster: a model of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome"
556:
Scientists use male hamsters to study the effects of steroids on male behavior. The behavior of
1861:
Svensjö, E (December 1990). "The hamster cheek pouch as a model in microcirculation research".
1192:
726:
595:. A model for creating a chronically ill hamster which will not die from the ulcers is to give
379:
with a range of disease causing agents to study both the disease and the cause of the disease.
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2715:
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2427:
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2215:
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4004:
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Roberts, A; Vogel, L; Guarner, J; Hayes, N; Murphy, B; Zaki, S; Subbarao, K (January 2005).
2205:
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2018:
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334:
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273:
247:
2406:"Effect of timing and duration of azithromycin therapy of leptospirosis in a hamster model"
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Wade, GN; Schneider, JE; Li, HY (January 1996). "Control of fertility by metabolic cues".
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623:
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269:
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276:. Hamsters develop atherosclerosis as a result of dietary manipulation. Hamsters develop
1210:
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4858:
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4778:
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4410:
4355:
4315:
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4210:
4185:
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3696:
3541:
3516:
3473:
3448:
3438:
3413:
3373:
3328:
3236:
2907:
Lanteigne, M.; Reebs, SG (2006). "Preference for bedding material in Syrian hamsters".
2546:
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352:
328:
259:
255:
251:
158:
67:
47:
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1400:
935:
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and other measurable responses which are useful for understanding diabetes in humans.
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4728:
4697:
4662:
4657:
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4607:
4522:
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4149:
4144:
4109:
4104:
4059:
4044:
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3999:
3964:
3944:
3909:
3812:
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3388:
3348:
3246:
3216:
3091:
2759:
2742:
2710:
2693:
2593:
1983:
1906:
1845:
1816:
1787:
1734:
1578:
1304:
642:
615:
614:
In captivity, golden hamsters follow well-defined daily routines of running in their
588:
437:
356:
210:
71:
3006:
2936:
2858:
2498:
1643:
1283:
1234:
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4517:
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3298:
2963:
2692:
Kolbasa, KP; Lancaster, C; Olafsson, AS; Gilbertson, SK; Robert, A (October 1988).
2250:"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of golden Syrian hamsters"
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1924:
1606:
American
Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
1218:
1674:
Journal of
Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology
1291:
Gotto AM, Jr (14 December 1992). "Hypertriglyceridemia: risks and perspectives".
1008:
470:
Parasites which have been studied by infecting Syrian hamsters with them include
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4019:
3984:
3979:
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3919:
3914:
3726:
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3308:
3303:
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2567:
2565:
2314:
2231:
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2044:
2042:
1685:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1502:
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1498:
603:. When the hamster is chronically ill, it can be used to test anti-ulcer drugs.
584:
572:. Studies in hamsters identify the nutritional needs for maintaining fertility.
568:
in mammals. When hamsters do not have enough of the right food, they have fewer
514:
443:
Bacteria which have been studied by infection Syrian hamsters with them include
405:
162:
116:
2920:
2842:
1617:
1191:
Banfield, William G.; Woke, P. A.; MacKay, C. M.; Cooper, H. L. (28 May 1965).
803:
801:
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3333:
3226:
2998:
2885:
2201:
1333:
1056:
445:
433:
387:
229:
146:
128:
91:
2537:
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1341:
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771:
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4345:
4124:
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3721:
3521:
3428:
3408:
3383:
3318:
2829:
Reebs, S. G.; St-Onge, P (2005). "Running wheel choice by Syrian hamsters".
1169:
630:, and colleagues used this behavior to provide definitive evidence that the
557:
376:
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170:
166:
43:
of an individual lab-bred hamster. Certain tests may change normal behavior.
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2332:
2283:
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Khallou, J; Riottot, M; Parquet, M; Verneau, C; Lutton, C (November 1991).
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2893:
2789:
2719:
2646:
2529:
2490:
2482:
2143:
Milazzo, ML; Eyzaguirre, EJ; Molina, CP; Fulhorst, CF (15 November 2002).
2032:
2023:
2006:
1991:
1956:
1914:
1874:
1853:
1824:
1795:
1742:
1586:
1488:
1437:
1370:
1349:
1312:
1275:
1267:
1126:
844:
836:
6334:
4420:
3338:
3288:
2422:
2405:
2349:"Characterization of virulence of Leptospira isolates in a hamster model"
1693:
1664:
646:
596:
545:
345:
317:
303:
95:
2299:"An immunosuppressed Syrian golden hamster model for SARS-CoV infection"
1626:
1479:
1462:
272:
may be studied with Syrian hamsters because both organisms have similar
6044:
3650:
3604:
3263:
3046:(1st. ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press. pp. 875–898.
1429:
522:
408:
and
Maporal viruses infect hamsters and cause pneumonia and edema. The
263:
237:
205:
157:. The cancer itself develops tumors in a predictable way starting with
3027:(1st ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press. pp. 747–753.
6206:
3201:
2102:
McElroy, AK; Smith, JM; Hooper, JW; Schmaljohn, CS (15 August 2004).
2061:
Hooper, JW; Larsen, T; Custer, DM; Schmaljohn, CS (10 October 2001).
600:
576:
79:
2184:
Eyzaguirre, EJ; Milazzo, ML; Koster, FT; Fulhorst, CF (April 2008).
1945:
International
Journal of Microcirculation, Clinical and Experimental
1463:"Biodynamics of cholesterol and bile acids in the lithiasic hamster"
2161:
2144:
186:
174:
83:
5919:
5046:
3060:
193:
135:
99:
40:
5923:
5273:
4883:
3864:
3102:
3064:
1246:
1244:
1193:"Mosquito Transmission of a Reticulum Cell Sarcoma of Hamsters"
232:
may be induced in Syrian hamsters by giving the hamster excess
2684:
2682:
2673:
2661:
2575:
2456:
2444:
2235:
2048:
1930:
1755:
1708:
1552:
1540:
1523:
1506:
1141:
807:
672:
182:
131:
87:
78:, a total of 1,931 hamsters were used for research in 2013 in
3044:
The laboratory rabbit, guinea pig, hamster, and other rodents
3025:
The laboratory rabbit, guinea pig, hamster, and other rodents
1766:
1764:
266:
may be administered to induce chronic diabetes in hamsters.
2733:
2731:
634:
in the brain is the source of mammalian circadian rhythms.
192:
There is scientific and social controversy about the virus
2063:"A lethal disease model for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome"
2007:"Identification of the Syrian hamster cardiomyopathy gene"
736:
734:
3782:
University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid
2694:"Indomethacin-induced gastric antral ulcers in hamsters"
641:
that are readily observed, including scent-marking and
746:"Current role of surgery in small cell lung carcinoma"
710:
708:
385:
is a medical condition in humans caused by any of the
5301:
Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes
2512:
Chan JF, Zhang AJ, Yuan S, et al. (March 2020).
2190:
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
2186:"Choclo virus infection in the Syrian golden hamster"
2741:
Fitzpatrick, LR; Sakurai, K; Le, T (November 1999).
6426:
6373:
6245:
6194:
6144:
6093:
6052:
5957:
5868:
5815:
5765:
5705:
5698:
5519:
5284:
5245:
5156:
5120:
4904:
4897:
4716:
4440:
4433:
4178:
3887:
3878:
3821:
3800:
3739:
3689:
3631:
3603:
3540:
3472:
3364:
3357:
3189:
3113:
2592:
82:, making them the sixth-most popular rodent after
6227:Laboratory animal suppliers in the United Kingdom
3161:List of international animal welfare conventions
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
416:will infect hamsters but not cause any disease.
173:. In humans with this cancer there is increased
5453:An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory
1099:Cicala, C; Pompetti, F; Carbone, M (May 1993).
583:. One way to study is to inject hamsters with
123:. Syrian hamsters are a model for researching
6325:Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
5935:
3076:
1888:
1886:
363:. Pet hamsters are also potentially prone to
8:
3166:Moral status of animals in the ancient world
1863:The European Respiratory Journal. Supplement
5128:Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society
5072:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
3104:Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases)
683:
681:
200:The golden hamster can contract contagious
5942:
5928:
5920:
5702:
5281:
5270:
4901:
4894:
4880:
4437:
3884:
3875:
3861:
3361:
3110:
3099:
3083:
3069:
3061:
2747:Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
618:, which has made them popular subjects in
6290:Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing
5275:Media (books, films, periodicals, albums)
5212:Human Environment Animal Protection Party
2758:
2709:
2545:
2421:
2410:The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
2380:
2322:
2273:
2209:
2160:
2119:
2078:
2022:
1625:
1478:
1389:Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A
1116:
779:
761:
391:species. Syrian hamsters easily contract
254:. Such hamsters then have an increase in
6445:Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986
6136:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
6020:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
5333:Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology
3590:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
1567:Reproductive Toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)
1157:Journal of the National Cancer Institute
1101:"SV40 induces mesotheliomas in hamsters"
1039:Valentine 2012, pp. 877–878 cites
958:Valentine 2012, pp. 877–878 cites
918:Valentine 2012, pp. 877–878 cites
878:Valentine 2012, pp. 877–878 cites
312:may be induced in hamsters by injecting
298:may be induced in hamsters by injecting
222:Syrian hamsters are susceptible to many
29:
27:Use of Syrian hamsters in the laboratory
3181:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare
2599:. London: University of Chicago Press.
665:
527:transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
6439:Animal Experimentation Convention 1986
3258:Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness
2778:Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
610:Research on Syrian hamsters themselves
575:Syrian hamsters are used to study how
70:research has declined. In 2014 in the
5469:Political Animals and Animal Politics
5057:Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition
4982:Centre for Animals and Social Justice
3394:Concentrated animal feeding operation
3171:Timeline of animal welfare and rights
3126:Animal rights by country or territory
714:
7:
6320:New England Anti-Vivisection Society
5980:Animal testing on non-human primates
5200:Animalist Party with the Environment
3487:Animal testing on non-human primates
2979:"Shelter choice by Syrian hamsters (
2688:Valentine et al. 2012, p. 897 cites
2621:Valentine et al. 2012, p. 896 cites
2587:Valentine et al. 2012, p. 896 cites
1385:Valentine et al. 2012, p. 880 cites
1250:Valentine et al. 2012, p. 879 cites
532:In March 2020, researchers from the
6111:Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act
5624:Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home
3834:World Day for the End of Speciesism
2977:Veillette, M.; Reebs, S.G. (2011).
1869:: 595s–600s, discussion 600s–601s.
727:CCAC – CCAC Animal Data Report 2013
355:of hamsters have been developed as
6310:Foundation for Biomedical Research
5749:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism
5092:United Activists for Animal Rights
5002:Doctors Against Animal Experiments
3141:Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies
2627:The American Journal of Physiology
2149:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
1895:The American Journal of Physiology
1805:The American Journal of Physiology
1776:The American Journal of Physiology
1359:The Canadian Journal of Cardiology
1293:The American Journal of Cardiology
896:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2007.08.015
521:Syrian hamsters are infected with
66:Since 1972 the use of hamsters in
25:
6315:National Anti-Vivisection Society
5293:On Abstinence from Eating Animals
5253:Animal Rights National Conference
5176:Animal Protection Party of Canada
5133:Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society
4987:Chinese Animal Protection Network
4912:American Anti-Vivisection Society
4391:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann
3146:Animal rights in Indian religions
3136:Animal rights and punk subculture
2809:Nathalie Angier 11 September 2007
1105:The American Journal of Pathology
991:Valentine 2012, p. 877-878 cites
750:Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery
424:severe acute respiratory syndrome
18:Animal testing on Syrian hamsters
6043:
5900:
5899:
5461:Animal Rights Without Liberation
5112:Voice for Animals Humane Society
3844:World Day for the End of Fishing
3839:World Day for Laboratory Animals
3269:Equal consideration of interests
2952:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
2760:10.1046/j.1365-2036.1999.00624.x
1907:10.1152/ajpheart.1985.248.1.H143
1817:10.1152/ajpheart.1995.268.2.H802
1788:10.1152/ajpheart.1985.248.1.H143
1467:The British Journal of Nutrition
76:Canadian Council for Animal Care
5970:Animal testing on invertebrates
5182:Animal Justice Party of Finland
5067:Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics
4281:Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
3869:(academics, writers, activists)
3762:Monkey selfie copyright dispute
1723:Pharmacology & Therapeutics
6260:Americans for Medical Progress
5965:Alternatives to animal testing
5405:Animals, Property, and the Law
3482:Alternatives to animal testing
3151:Christianity and animal rights
2964:10.1016/j.applanim.2010.04.001
2595:Mammalian Reproductive Biology
284:Non-cancer respiratory disease
56:rodents used in animal testing
1:
6365:Understanding Animal Research
6164:Cambridge University primates
5042:Korea Animal Rights Advocates
3752:Cambridge University primates
3284:Ethics of uncertain sentience
2805:Alcohol: an ancient medicine
2737:Valentine 2012, p. 897 cites
2639:10.1152/ajpendo.1996.270.1.E1
2365:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.04.085
2266:10.1128/jvi.79.1.503-511.2005
1770:Valentine 2012, p. 885 cites
1599:Valentine 2012, p. 883 cites
1401:10.1016/s1095-6433(99)00095-1
1219:10.1126/science.148.3674.1239
1095:Valentine 2012, p. 878 cites
936:10.1016/s1368-8375(99)00069-x
819:Valentine 2012, p. 877 cites
740:Valentine 2012, p. 877 cites
688:Speaking of Research (2015),
383:Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
125:non-small-cell lung carcinoma
6025:Testing cosmetics on animals
5102:UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics
3252:Argument from marginal cases
2711:10.1016/0016-5085(88)90166-7
2518:Clinical Infectious Diseases
1984:10.1016/0008-6363(96)00030-2
1846:10.1016/0026-2862(83)90047-x
1735:10.1016/0163-7258(90)90061-6
1579:10.1016/0890-6238(95)02002-0
1305:10.1016/0002-9149(92)91086-j
1009:10.1177/00220345990780120101
647:the study of animal behavior
6355:Stop Sequani Animal Testing
6126:International primate trade
5389:Morals, Reason, and Animals
5017:Farm Animal Rights Movement
4967:Anonymous for the Voiceless
3656:International primate trade
3131:Anarchism and animal rights
2874:Chronobiology International
2315:10.1016/j.virol.2008.07.026
2121:10.1016/j.virol.2004.05.018
1686:10.1152/jappl.1977.43.4.721
294:The emphysema component of
6506:
6457:Animal Welfare Act of 1966
6434:Animal testing regulations
6295:Cruelty Free International
6255:Anti-Vivisection Coalition
6202:Charles River Laboratories
6005:History of model organisms
5995:Animal testing regulations
5509:Making a Stand for Animals
5381:The Case for Animal Rights
5032:Hunt Saboteurs Association
4992:Cruelty Free International
4962:Anti-Vivisection Coalition
3492:Animal testing regulations
2921:10.1258/002367706778476424
2843:10.1258/002367705774286493
1618:10.1152/ajpregu.00343.2007
997:Journal of Dental Research
645:, which is of interest in
637:Hamsters have a number of
375:Syrian hamsters have been
6131:Laboratory animal allergy
6041:
6015:Laboratory animal sources
6000:History of animal testing
5990:Animal testing on rodents
5985:Animal testing on rabbits
5895:
5664:The Ghosts in Our Machine
5501:Animal Ethics in the Wild
5280:
5269:
4937:Animal Legal Defense Fund
4893:
4879:
4236:William Hamilton Drummond
3874:
3860:
3595:Welfare of farmed insects
3222:Animal–industrial complex
3109:
3098:
2999:10.1017/S0962728600003249
2886:10.3109/07420529808998679
2202:10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.669
1653:Laboratory Animal Science
1334:10.3109/07853899608999091
1057:10.1080/08958370600835377
564:Poor nutrition may cause
6360:Research Defence Society
6222:Labcorp Drug Development
6217:Huntingdon Life Sciences
5742:Journal of Animal Ethics
5608:Your Mommy Kills Animals
4997:Direct Action Everywhere
4406:Johann Heinrich Winckler
4351:Nathaniel Peabody Rogers
3808:Direct Action Everywhere
3512:Huntingdon Life Sciences
3497:Labcorp Drug Development
3454:Feedback (pork industry)
3419:Intensive animal farming
3156:History of animal rights
2011:Human Molecular Genetics
825:Molecular Carcinogenesis
552:Other medical conditions
179:receptor tyrosine kinase
6451:Animal Welfare Act 1999
6330:Primate Freedom Project
6275:Animal Free Research UK
5975:Animal testing on frogs
5877:Holocaust on your Plate
5648:An Apology to Elephants
5429:Do Animals Have Rights?
5365:Animals, Men and Morals
5341:Better-World Philosophy
5218:Italian Animalist Party
5097:United Poultry Concerns
5052:Last Chance for Animals
4947:Animal Liberation Front
4834:Maud Ingersoll Probasco
3324:Replaceability argument
3242:Animal-free agriculture
1972:Cardiovascular Research
632:suprachiasmatic nucleus
622:research. For example,
534:University of Hong Kong
278:atherosclerotic plaques
143:squamous-cell carcinoma
6121:Great ape research ban
5850:Salvation of Innocents
5397:Zoos and Animal Rights
4972:Beauty Without Cruelty
4932:Animal Justice Project
4271:John Zephaniah Holwell
3925:Stephen St. C. Bostock
3502:Great ape research ban
3121:Animal rights movement
2080:10.1006/viro.2001.1133
1834:Microvascular Research
763:10.1186/1749-8090-4-30
694:, Speaking of Research
652:Scientific studies of
509:Ancylostoma ceylanicum
497:Opisthorchis viverrini
106:Human medical research
44:
6179:Silver Spring monkeys
5869:Fairs and exhibitions
5756:The Animals' Defender
5728:Cahiers antispécistes
5656:Speciesism: The Movie
5477:Animal (De)liberation
5437:Striking at the Roots
5349:The Universal Kinship
5309:The Rights of Animals
5230:People Animals Nature
5224:Party for the Animals
5037:In Defense of Animals
4799:Nina Douglas-Hamilton
4191:David Renaud Boullier
3777:Silver Spring monkeys
3676:Wild animal suffering
3585:Pain in invertebrates
3424:Intensive pig farming
3314:Opposition to hunting
3279:Ethics of eating meat
2674:Valentine et al. 2012
2662:Valentine et al. 2012
2591:F.H, Bronson (1989).
2576:Valentine et al. 2012
2483:10.1002/ana.410110406
2457:Valentine et al. 2012
2445:Valentine et al. 2012
2236:Valentine et al. 2012
2049:Valentine et al. 2012
1931:Valentine et al. 2012
1756:Valentine et al. 2012
1709:Valentine et al. 2012
1553:Valentine et al. 2012
1541:Valentine et al. 2012
1524:Valentine et al. 2012
1507:Valentine et al. 2012
1268:10.2337/diab.45.3.s27
1170:10.1093/jnci/33.4.691
1142:Valentine et al. 2012
1045:Inhalation Toxicology
837:10.1002/mc.2940060305
808:Valentine et al. 2012
673:Valentine et al. 2012
639:fixed action patterns
458:Mycoplasma pneumoniae
452:Clostridium difficile
54:) are one of several
38:
6463:Directive 2010/63/EU
6350:Speaking of Research
5485:Sentientist Politics
5413:The Lives of Animals
5164:Animal Justice Party
4977:Born Free Foundation
4814:Lizzy Lind af Hageby
4688:Wendy Turner-Webster
4401:Adam Gottlieb Weigen
3623:Recreational fishing
3464:Ventilation shutdown
3232:Animal protectionism
3212:Animal consciousness
2983:) in the laboratory"
2981:Mesocricetus auratus
581:reactive gastropathy
52:Mesocricetus auratus
6441:(Council of Europe)
6116:Biomedical Research
5909:( 139 )
5735:Etica & Animali
5721:Between the Species
5445:An American Trilogy
5138:Humanitarian League
4749:Frances Power Cobbe
4366:Arthur Schopenhauer
4361:Henry Stephens Salt
4241:Edward Payson Evans
3935:Stephen R. L. Clark
3792:War of the currents
3681:Wildlife management
3575:Pain in crustaceans
3570:Pain in cephalopods
2676:, pp. 897–898.
2530:10.1093/cid/ciaa325
2471:Annals of Neurology
2459:, pp. 891–894.
2447:, pp. 888–890.
2254:Journal of Virology
2024:10.1093/hmg/6.4.601
1811:(2 Pt 2): H802–10.
1480:10.1079/bjn19910049
1262:(Suppl 3): S27–30.
1211:1965Sci...148.1239B
1205:(3674): 1239–1240.
965:Anticancer Research
675:, pp. 875–898.
485:Leishmania donovani
300:pancreatic elastase
234:dietary cholesterol
224:metabolic disorders
218:Metabolic disorders
6485:Laboratory rodents
6169:Monkey Drug Trials
6035:Toxicology testing
5672:Unlocking the Cage
5493:Wild Animal Ethics
5317:The Ethics of Diet
5194:Animalist Movement
5170:Animal Politics EU
5082:Sentience Politics
4708:That Vegan Teacher
4326:Siobhan O'Sullivan
4311:José Ferrater Mora
4120:Steve F. Sapontzis
3613:Commercial fishing
3565:Pain in amphibians
3555:Cruelty to animals
3527:Operation Backfire
3366:Animal agriculture
3274:Emotion in animals
2909:Laboratory Animals
2831:Laboratory Animals
2423:10.1093/jac/dkl453
1901:(1 Pt 2): H143–6.
1782:(1 Pt 2): H143–6.
1659:(5 Pt 2): 762–70.
1430:10.1007/bf02535254
1322:Annals of Medicine
566:female infertility
464:Treponema pallidum
371:Infection research
342:Reperfusion injury
310:Pulmonary fibrosis
45:
6472:
6471:
5917:
5916:
5910:
5891:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5858:Onward to Freedom
5826:Animal Liberation
5811:
5810:
5632:Forks Over Knives
5584:Peaceable Kingdom
5544:Shores of Silence
5536:A Cow at My Table
5421:Eternal Treblinka
5373:Animal Liberation
5265:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5152:
5151:
5087:Uncaged Campaigns
5062:Mercy for Animals
5027:Great Ape Project
4942:Animal Liberation
4888:(groups, parties)
4875:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4774:Elizabeth Farians
4683:Christine Townend
4623:Heather Nicholson
4553:Brigitte Gothière
4543:Antoine Goetschel
4429:
4428:
4090:Charles Patterson
3995:Gary L. Francione
3970:Josephine Donovan
3960:Daniel Dombrowski
3940:Alasdair Cochrane
3856:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3735:
3734:
3666:Predation problem
3550:Animal euthanasia
3459:Foam depopulation
3294:Insects in ethics
2633:(1 Pt 1): E1–19.
2359:(31): 3892–3896.
1933:, pp. 886–7.
620:circadian rhythms
525:so that they get
491:Trypanosoma cruzi
473:Toxoplasma gondii
428:histopathological
361:delta-sarcoglycan
338:for examination.
244:Diabetes mellitus
36:
16:(Redirected from
6497:
6185:Unnecessary Fuss
6159:Brown Dog affair
6047:
5944:
5937:
5930:
5921:
5908:
5903:
5902:
5714:Animal Sentience
5703:
5568:Legally Blonde 2
5528:The Animals Film
5282:
5271:
5077:Rise for Animals
4902:
4895:
4881:
4744:Edith Carrington
4648:Craig Rosebraugh
4613:Virginia McKenna
4603:Jo-Anne McArthur
4533:Juliet Gellatley
4438:
4396:Mary Anne Warren
4336:Humphrey Primatt
4321:Edward Nicholson
4291:Charles R. Magel
4256:Thomas G. Gentry
4115:Richard D. Ryder
4055:Thomas Lepeltier
3885:
3876:
3862:
3829:World Animal Day
3787:Unnecessary Fuss
3747:Brown Dog affair
3717:Animals in sport
3707:Animal slaughter
3702:Animal sacrifice
3641:Culling wildlife
3444:Wildlife farming
3362:
3207:Animal cognition
3176:Total liberation
3111:
3100:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3062:
3057:
3038:
3011:
3010:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2958:(3–4): 189–194.
2947:
2941:
2940:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2826:
2820:
2817:
2811:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2772:
2762:
2735:
2726:
2723:
2713:
2698:Gastroenterology
2686:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2598:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2560:
2559:
2549:
2524:(9): 2428–2446.
2509:
2503:
2502:
2466:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2425:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2384:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2326:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2277:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2224:
2223:
2213:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2164:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2123:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2082:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2037:
2036:
2026:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1919:
1918:
1890:
1881:
1878:
1857:
1828:
1799:
1768:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1668:
1647:
1629:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1527:
1521:
1510:
1504:
1493:
1492:
1482:
1458:
1452:
1449:
1412:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1353:
1316:
1287:
1248:
1239:
1238:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1120:
1093:
1087:
1084:
1051:(12): 995–1000.
1037:
1031:
1028:
989:
983:
980:
956:
950:
947:
916:
910:
907:
876:
859:
856:
817:
811:
805:
796:
793:
783:
765:
738:
729:
724:
718:
712:
703:
702:
701:
699:
685:
676:
670:
536:have shown that
420:SARS coronavirus
410:Sin Nombre virus
335:Microcirculation
289:Smoke inhalation
274:lipid metabolism
248:hyperinsulinemia
37:
21:
6505:
6504:
6500:
6499:
6498:
6496:
6495:
6494:
6475:
6474:
6473:
6468:
6422:
6403:Neal D. Barnard
6383:Colin Blakemore
6375:
6369:
6247:
6241:
6190:
6146:
6140:
6089:
6085:Syrian hamsters
6048:
6039:
5953:
5948:
5918:
5913:
5883:
5864:
5807:
5788:Muutoksen kevät
5761:
5694:
5600:Behind the Mask
5515:
5325:Animals' Rights
5276:
5257:
5241:
5148:
5116:
4889:
4863:
4724:Cleveland Amory
4712:
4678:Darren Thurston
4673:Marianne Thieme
4528:Bruce Friedrich
4493:Joey Carbstrong
4478:Brigitte Bardot
4425:
4416:Jon Wynne-Tyson
4306:J. Howard Moore
4251:John Galsworthy
4231:Wilhelm Dietler
4174:
4170:Corey Lee Wrenn
4080:Martha Nussbaum
3990:Lawrence Finsen
3930:Paola Cavalieri
3905:Kristin Andrews
3880:
3870:
3848:
3817:
3796:
3731:
3685:
3627:
3599:
3560:Pain in animals
3536:
3468:
3434:Poultry farming
3353:
3185:
3105:
3094:
3089:
3054:
3041:
3035:
3022:
3019:
3014:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2803:
2799:
2775:
2753:(11): 1553–62.
2740:
2736:
2729:
2691:
2687:
2680:
2672:
2668:
2660:
2656:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2607:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2574:
2563:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2455:
2451:
2443:
2439:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2234:
2227:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2047:
2040:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1929:
1922:
1892:
1891:
1884:
1860:
1831:
1802:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1754:
1750:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1707:
1703:
1671:
1650:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1551:
1547:
1539:
1530:
1522:
1513:
1505:
1496:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1415:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1356:
1319:
1299:(19): 19H–25H.
1290:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1003:(12): 1768–72.
994:
990:
986:
971:(4B): 2957–62.
961:
957:
953:
921:
917:
913:
881:
877:
862:
822:
818:
814:
806:
799:
743:
739:
732:
725:
721:
713:
706:
697:
695:
687:
686:
679:
671:
667:
663:
628:Michael Menaker
612:
554:
538:Syrian hamsters
479:Babesia microti
373:
326:
286:
270:Atherosclerosis
220:
155:reproducibility
121:tobacco smoking
113:
111:Cancer research
108:
64:
62:Use in research
48:Syrian hamsters
30:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6503:
6501:
6493:
6492:
6490:Golden hamster
6487:
6477:
6476:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6466:
6460:
6454:
6448:
6442:
6436:
6430:
6428:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6398:Ingrid Newkirk
6395:
6390:
6385:
6379:
6377:
6371:
6370:
6368:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6251:
6249:
6243:
6242:
6240:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6198:
6196:
6192:
6191:
6189:
6188:
6181:
6176:
6174:Pit of despair
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6150:
6148:
6142:
6141:
6139:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6106:Animal welfare
6103:
6097:
6095:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6056:
6054:
6050:
6049:
6042:
6040:
6038:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5961:
5959:
5955:
5954:
5951:Animal testing
5949:
5947:
5946:
5939:
5932:
5924:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5911:
5896:
5893:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5885:
5884:
5882:
5881:
5872:
5870:
5866:
5865:
5863:
5862:
5854:
5846:
5838:
5830:
5821:
5819:
5813:
5812:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5805:
5798:
5791:
5784:
5777:
5769:
5767:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5759:
5752:
5745:
5738:
5731:
5724:
5717:
5709:
5707:
5700:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5692:
5684:
5676:
5668:
5660:
5652:
5644:
5636:
5628:
5620:
5612:
5604:
5596:
5588:
5580:
5572:
5564:
5560:Meet Your Meat
5556:
5548:
5540:
5532:
5523:
5521:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5513:
5505:
5497:
5489:
5481:
5473:
5465:
5457:
5449:
5441:
5433:
5425:
5417:
5409:
5401:
5393:
5385:
5377:
5369:
5361:
5357:The New Ethics
5353:
5345:
5337:
5329:
5321:
5313:
5305:
5297:
5288:
5286:
5278:
5277:
5274:
5267:
5266:
5263:
5262:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5255:
5249:
5247:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5239:
5233:
5227:
5221:
5215:
5209:
5203:
5197:
5191:
5188:Animals' Party
5185:
5179:
5173:
5167:
5160:
5158:
5154:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5146:
5141:
5135:
5130:
5124:
5122:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4957:AnimaNaturalis
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4927:Animal Justice
4924:
4919:
4914:
4908:
4906:
4899:
4891:
4890:
4884:
4877:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4861:
4859:Gretchen Wyler
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4789:Lewis Gompertz
4786:
4781:
4779:Emarel Freshel
4776:
4771:
4769:Muriel Dowding
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4720:
4718:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4703:Gary Yourofsky
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4618:Ingrid Newkirk
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4563:Charlotte Laws
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4488:Yves Bonnardel
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4463:Martin Balluch
4460:
4455:
4450:
4444:
4442:
4435:
4431:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4411:Steven M. Wise
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4356:Bernard Rollin
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4316:Leonard Nelson
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4221:Herman Daggett
4218:
4213:
4211:Priscilla Cohn
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4186:Jeremy Bentham
4182:
4180:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4100:Jessica Pierce
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4030:Kyle Johannsen
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3955:David DeGrazia
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3895:Carol J. Adams
3891:
3889:
3882:
3872:
3871:
3865:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3810:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3767:Pit of despair
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3697:Abandoned pets
3693:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3637:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3609:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3546:
3544:
3542:Animal welfare
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3517:Model organism
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3478:
3476:
3474:Animal testing
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3449:Working animal
3446:
3441:
3439:Slaughterhouse
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3414:Insect farming
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3374:Animal product
3370:
3368:
3359:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3329:Sentiocentrism
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3237:Animal welfare
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3117:
3115:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3053:978-0123809209
3052:
3039:
3034:978-0123809209
3033:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3012:
2993:(4): 603–611.
2987:Animal Welfare
2969:
2942:
2915:(4): 410–418.
2899:
2880:(2): 147–158.
2864:
2837:(4): 442–451.
2821:
2812:
2807:New York Times
2797:
2795:
2794:
2773:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2678:
2666:
2664:, p. 896.
2654:
2652:
2651:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2605:
2580:
2578:, p. 895.
2561:
2504:
2461:
2449:
2437:
2396:
2338:
2289:
2240:
2238:, p. 888.
2225:
2176:
2162:10.1086/344735
2155:(10): 1390–5.
2135:
2094:
2053:
2051:, p. 887.
2038:
2017:(4): 601–607.
1997:
1962:
1935:
1920:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1858:
1829:
1800:
1760:
1758:, p. 885.
1748:
1713:
1711:, p. 884.
1701:
1699:
1698:
1669:
1648:
1612:(3): R1342–9.
1592:
1557:
1555:, p. 883.
1545:
1543:, p. 882.
1528:
1526:, p. 881.
1511:
1509:, p. 880.
1494:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1354:
1328:(4): 341–345.
1317:
1288:
1240:
1183:
1146:
1144:, p. 878.
1134:
1132:
1131:
1111:(5): 1524–33.
1088:
1086:
1085:
1032:
1030:
1029:
984:
982:
981:
963:oncogenesis".
951:
949:
948:
911:
909:
908:
860:
858:
857:
831:(3): 199–202.
812:
810:, p. 877.
797:
795:
794:
730:
719:
717:, p. 750.
704:
677:
664:
662:
659:
654:animal welfare
611:
608:
593:pyloric antrum
570:estrous cycles
553:
550:
542:model organism
436:viruses cause
372:
369:
365:cardiomyopathy
353:inbred strains
329:Cardiomyopathy
325:
324:Cardiovascular
322:
285:
282:
280:as humans do.
260:Streptozotocin
256:hepatic lipase
252:hyperlipidemia
219:
216:
177:production of
159:hyperkeratosis
112:
109:
107:
104:
68:animal testing
63:
60:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6502:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6482:
6480:
6464:
6461:
6458:
6455:
6452:
6449:
6446:
6443:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6431:
6429:
6425:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6413:Simon Festing
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6372:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6244:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6199:
6197:
6193:
6187:
6186:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6145:Controversial
6143:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6101:Animal rights
6099:
6098:
6096:
6092:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6065:Invertebrates
6063:
6061:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6051:
6046:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5962:
5960:
5958:Main articles
5956:
5952:
5945:
5940:
5938:
5933:
5931:
5926:
5925:
5922:
5906:
5898:
5897:
5894:
5879:
5878:
5874:
5873:
5871:
5867:
5860:
5859:
5855:
5852:
5851:
5847:
5844:
5843:
5839:
5836:
5835:
5834:Tame Yourself
5831:
5828:
5827:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5814:
5804:
5803:
5799:
5797:
5796:
5795:No Compromise
5792:
5790:
5789:
5785:
5783:
5782:
5778:
5776:
5775:
5771:
5770:
5768:
5764:
5758:
5757:
5753:
5751:
5750:
5746:
5744:
5743:
5739:
5737:
5736:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5725:
5723:
5722:
5718:
5716:
5715:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5704:
5701:
5697:
5690:
5689:
5685:
5682:
5681:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5669:
5666:
5665:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5653:
5650:
5649:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5637:
5634:
5633:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5613:
5610:
5609:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5589:
5586:
5585:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5573:
5570:
5569:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5557:
5554:
5553:
5549:
5546:
5545:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5518:
5511:
5510:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5482:
5479:
5478:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5434:
5431:
5430:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5386:
5383:
5382:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5338:
5335:
5334:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5314:
5311:
5310:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5298:
5296:(3rd century)
5295:
5294:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5272:
5268:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5244:
5237:
5234:
5231:
5228:
5226:(Netherlands)
5225:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5213:
5210:
5207:
5204:
5201:
5198:
5195:
5192:
5189:
5186:
5183:
5180:
5177:
5174:
5171:
5168:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5155:
5145:
5142:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5119:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4952:Animal Rising
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4922:Animal Ethics
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4878:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4819:Jessie Mackay
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4794:James Granger
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4729:Henry B. Amos
4727:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4715:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4698:Louise Wallis
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4663:Kim Stallwood
4661:
4659:
4658:Jasmin Singer
4656:
4654:
4653:Nathan Runkle
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4638:David Olivier
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4523:John Feldmann
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4498:Aymeric Caron
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4468:Carole Baskin
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4439:
4436:
4432:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4371:Laurids Smith
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4341:James Rachels
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4286:John Lawrence
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4196:Brigid Brophy
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4160:Tatjana Višak
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4150:David Sztybel
4148:
4146:
4145:Cass Sunstein
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4110:Mark Rowlands
4108:
4106:
4105:Evelyn Pluhar
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4060:Andrew Linzey
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4045:Will Kymlicka
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4025:Dale Jamieson
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4005:Valéry Giroux
4003:
4001:
4000:Robert Garner
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3965:Sue Donaldson
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3945:J. M. Coetzee
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3910:Tom Beauchamp
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3883:
3877:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3859:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3820:
3814:
3813:Hunt sabotage
3811:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:Methodologies
3799:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3738:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3646:Hare coursing
3644:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3389:Chick culling
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3356:
3350:
3349:Vegetarianism
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3247:Anthrozoology
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3217:Animal ethics
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3092:Animal rights
3086:
3081:
3079:
3074:
3072:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3055:
3049:
3045:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3026:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2982:
2973:
2970:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2946:
2943:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2903:
2900:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2868:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2825:
2822:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2801:
2798:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2704:(4): 932–44.
2703:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2658:
2655:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2615:
2608:
2606:9780226075594
2602:
2597:
2596:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2508:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2465:
2462:
2458:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2438:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2416:(1): 148–51.
2415:
2411:
2407:
2400:
2397:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2342:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2309:(2): 312–21.
2308:
2304:
2300:
2293:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2260:(1): 503–11.
2259:
2255:
2251:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2196:(4): 669–74.
2195:
2191:
2187:
2180:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2139:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1978:(6): 947–52.
1977:
1973:
1966:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1951:(3): 257–63.
1950:
1946:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1840:(1): 108–31.
1839:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1729:(3): 347–58.
1728:
1724:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1702:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1573:(6): 513–25.
1572:
1568:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1473:(3): 479–92.
1472:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1454:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1395:(1): 93–103.
1394:
1390:
1382:
1379:
1372:
1368:
1365:(6): 841–51.
1364:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1187:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1135:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
993:
992:
988:
985:
978:
974:
970:
966:
960:
959:
955:
952:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
924:Oral Oncology
920:
919:
915:
912:
905:
901:
897:
893:
890:(4): 315–24.
889:
885:
884:Oral Oncology
880:
879:
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
861:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
821:
820:
816:
813:
809:
804:
802:
798:
791:
787:
782:
777:
773:
769:
764:
759:
755:
751:
747:
742:
741:
737:
735:
731:
728:
723:
720:
716:
711:
709:
705:
693:
692:
691:US Statistics
684:
682:
678:
674:
669:
666:
660:
658:
655:
650:
648:
644:
643:body grooming
640:
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
616:hamster wheel
609:
607:
604:
602:
598:
594:
590:
589:peptic ulcers
586:
582:
578:
573:
571:
567:
562:
559:
551:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
530:
528:
524:
519:
517:
516:
511:
510:
505:
504:
499:
498:
493:
492:
487:
486:
481:
480:
475:
474:
468:
466:
465:
460:
459:
454:
453:
448:
447:
441:
439:
438:Leptospirosis
435:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
394:
390:
389:
384:
380:
378:
370:
368:
366:
362:
358:
357:animal models
354:
349:
347:
343:
339:
336:
332:
330:
323:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
305:
301:
297:
292:
290:
283:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
225:
217:
215:
213:
212:
211:Aedes aegypti
207:
203:
198:
195:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
139:
137:
133:
130:
126:
122:
118:
110:
105:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
86:(1,233,196),
85:
81:
77:
73:
72:United States
69:
61:
59:
57:
53:
49:
42:
19:
6408:Jerry Vlasak
6393:Gill Langley
6183:
5875:
5856:
5848:
5840:
5832:
5824:
5800:
5793:
5786:
5779:
5772:
5754:
5747:
5740:
5733:
5726:
5719:
5712:
5686:
5678:
5670:
5662:
5654:
5646:
5638:
5630:
5622:
5614:
5606:
5598:
5590:
5582:
5574:
5566:
5558:
5550:
5542:
5534:
5526:
5507:
5499:
5491:
5483:
5475:
5467:
5459:
5451:
5443:
5435:
5427:
5419:
5411:
5403:
5395:
5387:
5379:
5371:
5363:
5355:
5347:
5339:
5331:
5323:
5315:
5307:
5299:
5291:
5144:Oxford Group
5012:Every Animal
4905:Contemporary
4854:Andrew Tyler
4844:Nell Shipman
4784:André Géraud
4693:Jerry Vlasak
4668:Lynda Stoner
4643:Alex Pacheco
4578:Evanna Lynch
4573:Howard Lyman
4558:Wayne Hsiung
4518:Chris DeRose
4508:Rod Coronado
4441:Contemporary
4381:Thomas Tryon
4301:Mary Midgley
4296:Jean Meslier
4276:Soame Jenyns
4266:John Hildrop
4261:Arthur Helps
4226:Richard Dean
4201:Peter Buchan
4140:Gary Steiner
4135:Peter Singer
4130:Jérôme Segal
4095:David Pearce
4085:Clare Palmer
4075:David Nibert
4065:Clair Linzey
3975:Joan Dunayer
3900:Aysha Akhtar
3888:Contemporary
3757:McLibel case
3712:Animal trial
3671:Seal hunting
3633:Wild animals
3618:Fishing bait
3580:Pain in fish
3399:Fish farming
3379:Battery cage
3299:Meat paradox
3256:
3197:Abolitionism
3043:
3024:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2972:
2955:
2951:
2945:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2834:
2830:
2824:
2815:
2806:
2800:
2781:
2777:
2750:
2746:
2701:
2697:
2669:
2657:
2630:
2626:
2617:
2594:
2583:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2477:(4): 353–8.
2474:
2470:
2464:
2452:
2440:
2413:
2409:
2399:
2356:
2352:
2341:
2306:
2302:
2292:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2193:
2189:
2179:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2114:(1): 130–9.
2111:
2107:
2097:
2070:
2066:
2056:
2014:
2010:
2000:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1898:
1894:
1866:
1862:
1837:
1833:
1808:
1804:
1779:
1775:
1751:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1704:
1680:(4): 721–9.
1677:
1673:
1656:
1652:
1627:10533/178410
1609:
1605:
1595:
1570:
1566:
1560:
1548:
1470:
1466:
1456:
1424:(2): 151–6.
1421:
1417:
1392:
1388:
1381:
1362:
1358:
1325:
1321:
1296:
1292:
1259:
1255:
1202:
1196:
1186:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1137:
1108:
1104:
1091:
1048:
1044:
1035:
1000:
996:
987:
968:
964:
954:
930:(1): 100–5.
927:
923:
914:
887:
883:
828:
824:
815:
753:
749:
722:
696:, retrieved
690:
668:
651:
636:
624:Martin Ralph
613:
605:
574:
563:
555:
531:
520:
513:
507:
501:
495:
489:
483:
477:
471:
469:
462:
456:
450:
444:
442:
432:
418:
414:Choclo virus
401:
398:pathogenesis
392:
386:
381:
374:
350:
340:
333:
327:
308:
293:
287:
268:
242:
228:
221:
209:
199:
191:
140:
114:
98:(4,446) and
65:
51:
46:
6427:Legislation
6374:Writers and
6147:experiments
5699:Periodicals
5576:The Meatrix
5552:The Witness
5166:(Australia)
5140:(1891–1919)
5022:Faunalytics
4849:Henry Spira
4839:Hans Ruesch
4829:Jill Phipps
4824:Norm Phelps
4804:Barry Horne
4764:Royal Dixon
4759:Karen Davis
4739:Ernest Bell
4633:Ric O'Barry
4628:Jack Norris
4598:Dan Mathews
4503:Jake Conroy
4473:Barbi Twins
4448:James Aspey
4386:Gary Varner
4376:John Styles
4216:Henry Crowe
4165:Paul Waldau
4155:Michael Tye
4050:Renan Larue
4035:Melanie Joy
4020:Oscar Horta
4015:John Hadley
3985:Catia Faria
3980:Mylan Engel
3950:Alice Crary
3920:Steven Best
3915:Marc Bekoff
3881:and writers
3822:Observances
3727:Live export
3661:Ivory trade
3532:Vivisection
3507:Green Scare
3404:Fur farming
3309:Open rescue
3304:Nonviolence
2784:(1): 3–16.
2073:(1): 6–14.
1164:: 691–706.
585:indometacin
540:could be a
515:Schistosoma
406:Andes virus
316:into their
302:into their
163:hyperplasia
117:lung cancer
115:Humans get
92:guinea pigs
90:(228,143),
6479:Categories
6388:Carl Cohen
6285:Boyd Group
6246:Groups and
6053:Testing on
5688:Seaspiracy
5592:Earthlings
5232:(Portugal)
5206:DierAnimal
5121:Historical
4917:Animal Aid
4809:Marie Huot
4754:Joan Court
4734:Bob Barker
4717:Historical
4608:Luísa Mell
4588:Keith Mann
4583:Bill Maher
4568:Ronnie Lee
4538:Tal Gilboa
4513:Karen Dawn
4453:Greg Avery
4331:Rod Preece
4246:T. Forster
4206:Mona Caird
4179:Historical
4040:Hilda Kean
4010:Lori Gruen
3344:Vegaphobia
3334:Speciesism
3227:Animal law
3017:References
715:Smith 2012
579:can cause
548:research.
446:Leptospira
434:Leptospira
402:Hantavirus
393:Hantavirus
388:Hantavirus
230:Gallstones
147:anesthesia
129:carcinogen
94:(20,687),
6418:Tipu Aziz
6376:activists
6248:campaigns
6232:Nafovanny
6195:Companies
5842:Manifesto
5781:Bite Back
5766:Magazines
5640:Vegucated
5238:(Germany)
5236:V-Partei³
5214:(Germany)
5208:(Belgium)
5184:(Finland)
5007:Equanimal
4593:Jim Mason
4548:Mark Gold
4483:Gene Baur
4458:Matt Ball
4434:Activists
4346:Tom Regan
4125:Jeff Sebo
4070:Dan Lyons
3879:Academics
3867:Advocates
3722:Live food
3522:Nafovanny
3429:Livestock
3409:Fur trade
3384:Bile bear
3319:Personism
3114:Overviews
2538:1058-4838
2373:0264-410X
1342:0785-3890
1065:0895-8378
772:1749-8090
756:(1): 30.
591:in their
558:castrated
314:bleomycin
202:reticulum
171:carcinoma
167:dysplasia
102:(2,457).
96:squirrels
6335:Pro-Test
6237:Shamrock
6154:Britches
6070:Primates
6030:Three Rs
5905:Category
5774:Arkangel
5706:Journals
5680:Dominion
5616:The Cove
5246:Activism
5190:(Sweden)
5178:(Canada)
5172:(Europe)
4886:Movement
4421:Voltaire
3339:Veganism
3289:Ethology
3190:Concepts
3007:80236560
2937:15374287
2929:17018212
2859:21311908
2851:16197712
2769:10571615
2556:32215622
2499:28998012
2432:17110394
2391:18547690
2333:18760437
2303:Virology
2284:15596843
2220:18385367
2171:12404153
2130:15262501
2108:Virology
2089:11601912
2067:Virology
1644:30414027
1636:17634200
1409:10605070
1284:41069166
1256:Diabetes
1235:12611674
1227:14280009
1178:14220251
1081:30590705
1073:16920674
1025:33285671
1017:10598904
977:16886620
944:10889928
904:18061531
853:46715712
790:19589150
698:18 April
597:naproxen
546:COVID-19
377:infected
351:Several
346:ischemia
318:tracheas
304:tracheas
6080:Rodents
6075:Rabbits
5220:(Italy)
5202:(Spain)
5196:(Italy)
5157:Parties
3651:Hunting
3605:Fishing
3264:Carnism
2894:9562919
2790:7599335
2720:3165897
2647:8772468
2547:7184405
2491:6808890
2382:2519131
2353:Vaccine
2324:3722600
2211:2689364
2033:9097966
1992:8759251
1957:2415477
1915:3881981
1875:2076153
1854:6835096
1825:7864208
1796:3881981
1743:1705351
1587:8597648
1489:1772872
1446:4001895
1438:2755304
1371:9676170
1350:8862689
1313:1466313
1276:8674885
1207:Bibcode
1198:Science
1127:8388174
1118:1886912
845:1445620
781:2716318
523:scrapie
422:causes
264:alloxan
238:sucrose
206:sarcoma
169:, then
165:, then
161:, then
39:Normal
6212:Harlan
6207:Envigo
6094:Issues
5907:
5880:(2003)
5861:(2014)
5853:(2014)
5845:(2008)
5837:(1991)
5829:(1987)
5817:Albums
5691:(2021)
5683:(2018)
5675:(2016)
5667:(2013)
5659:(2013)
5651:(2013)
5643:(2011)
5635:(2011)
5627:(2009)
5619:(2009)
5611:(2007)
5603:(2006)
5595:(2005)
5587:(2004)
5579:(2003)
5571:(2003)
5563:(2002)
5555:(2000)
5547:(2000)
5539:(1998)
5531:(1981)
5512:(2022)
5504:(2022)
5496:(2020)
5488:(2018)
5480:(2016)
5472:(2014)
5464:(2012)
5456:(2010)
5448:(2009)
5440:(2008)
5432:(2005)
5424:(2001)
5416:(1999)
5408:(1995)
5400:(1993)
5392:(1987)
5384:(1983)
5376:(1975)
5368:(1971)
5360:(1907)
5352:(1906)
5344:(1899)
5336:(1897)
5328:(1892)
5320:(1883)
5312:(1838)
5304:(1824)
4898:Groups
3358:Issues
3202:Ahimsa
3050:
3031:
3005:
2935:
2927:
2892:
2857:
2849:
2788:
2767:
2718:
2645:
2603:
2554:
2544:
2536:
2497:
2489:
2430:
2389:
2379:
2371:
2331:
2321:
2282:
2275:538722
2272:
2218:
2208:
2169:
2128:
2087:
2031:
1990:
1955:
1913:
1873:
1852:
1823:
1794:
1741:
1694:908690
1692:
1665:592728
1663:
1642:
1634:
1585:
1487:
1444:
1436:
1418:Lipids
1407:
1369:
1348:
1340:
1311:
1282:
1274:
1233:
1225:
1176:
1125:
1115:
1079:
1071:
1063:
1023:
1015:
975:
942:
902:
851:
843:
788:
778:
770:
601:gavage
577:NSAIDs
512:, and
503:Taenia
461:, and
80:Canada
6345:SPEAK
6270:AALAS
6060:Frogs
6010:IACUC
5802:Satya
5520:Films
5285:Books
5107:Viva!
3740:Cases
3690:Other
3003:S2CID
2933:S2CID
2855:S2CID
2495:S2CID
1640:S2CID
1442:S2CID
1280:S2CID
1231:S2CID
1077:S2CID
1021:S2CID
849:S2CID
661:Notes
204:cell
187:c-myc
175:ErbB2
141:Oral
119:from
100:voles
6465:(EU)
6459:(US)
6453:(NZ)
6447:(UK)
6340:SHAC
6300:PETA
6265:AAAS
5047:L214
3772:SHAC
3048:ISBN
3029:ISBN
2925:PMID
2890:PMID
2847:PMID
2786:PMID
2765:PMID
2716:PMID
2643:PMID
2601:ISBN
2552:PMID
2534:ISSN
2487:PMID
2428:PMID
2387:PMID
2369:ISSN
2329:PMID
2280:PMID
2216:PMID
2167:PMID
2126:PMID
2085:PMID
2029:PMID
1988:PMID
1953:PMID
1911:PMID
1871:PMID
1850:PMID
1821:PMID
1792:PMID
1739:PMID
1690:PMID
1661:PMID
1632:PMID
1583:PMID
1485:PMID
1434:PMID
1405:PMID
1367:PMID
1346:PMID
1338:ISSN
1309:PMID
1272:PMID
1223:PMID
1174:PMID
1123:PMID
1069:PMID
1061:ISSN
1013:PMID
973:PMID
940:PMID
900:PMID
841:PMID
786:PMID
768:ISSN
700:2016
544:for
412:and
296:COPD
250:and
194:SV40
185:and
151:DMBA
136:KRAS
88:rats
84:mice
41:gait
6305:ALF
6280:ALF
2995:doi
2960:doi
2956:125
2917:doi
2882:doi
2839:doi
2755:doi
2706:doi
2635:doi
2631:270
2542:PMC
2526:doi
2479:doi
2418:doi
2377:PMC
2361:doi
2319:PMC
2311:doi
2307:380
2270:PMC
2262:doi
2206:PMC
2198:doi
2157:doi
2153:186
2116:doi
2112:326
2075:doi
2071:289
2019:doi
1980:doi
1903:doi
1899:248
1842:doi
1813:doi
1809:268
1784:doi
1780:248
1731:doi
1682:doi
1622:hdl
1614:doi
1610:293
1575:doi
1475:doi
1426:doi
1397:doi
1393:124
1330:doi
1301:doi
1264:doi
1215:doi
1203:148
1166:doi
1113:PMC
1109:142
1053:doi
1005:doi
932:doi
892:doi
833:doi
776:PMC
758:doi
599:by
400:of
262:or
236:or
183:p53
132:NNK
6481::
3001:.
2991:20
2989:.
2985:.
2954:.
2931:.
2923:.
2913:40
2911:.
2888:.
2878:15
2876:.
2853:.
2845:.
2835:39
2833:.
2782:46
2780:.
2763:.
2751:13
2749:.
2745:.
2730:^
2714:.
2702:95
2700:.
2696:.
2681:^
2641:.
2629:.
2564:^
2550:.
2540:.
2532:.
2522:71
2520:.
2516:.
2493:.
2485:.
2475:11
2473:.
2426:.
2414:59
2412:.
2408:.
2385:.
2375:.
2367:.
2357:26
2355:.
2351:.
2327:.
2317:.
2305:.
2301:.
2278:.
2268:.
2258:79
2256:.
2252:.
2228:^
2214:.
2204:.
2194:78
2192:.
2188:.
2165:.
2151:.
2147:.
2124:.
2110:.
2106:.
2083:.
2069:.
2065:.
2041:^
2027:.
2013:.
2009:.
1986:.
1976:31
1974:.
1947:.
1923:^
1909:.
1897:.
1885:^
1867:12
1865:.
1848:.
1838:25
1836:.
1819:.
1807:.
1790:.
1778:.
1763:^
1737:.
1727:47
1725:.
1688:.
1678:43
1676:.
1657:27
1655:.
1638:.
1630:.
1620:.
1608:.
1581:.
1569:.
1531:^
1514:^
1497:^
1483:.
1471:66
1469:.
1465:.
1440:.
1432:.
1422:24
1420:.
1403:.
1391:.
1363:14
1361:.
1344:.
1336:.
1326:28
1324:.
1307:.
1297:70
1295:.
1278:.
1270:.
1260:45
1258:.
1243:^
1229:.
1221:.
1213:.
1201:.
1195:.
1172:.
1162:33
1160:.
1121:.
1107:.
1103:.
1075:.
1067:.
1059:.
1049:18
1047:.
1019:.
1011:.
1001:78
999:.
969:26
967:.
938:.
928:36
926:.
898:.
888:44
886:.
863:^
847:.
839:.
827:.
800:^
784:.
774:.
766:.
752:.
748:.
733:^
707:^
680:^
649:.
626:,
529:.
518:.
506:,
500:,
494:,
488:,
482:,
476:,
467:.
455:,
449:,
404:.
320:.
306:.
214:.
5943:e
5936:t
5929:v
3084:e
3077:t
3070:v
3056:.
3037:.
3009:.
2997::
2966:.
2962::
2939:.
2919::
2896:.
2884::
2861:.
2841::
2792:.
2771:.
2757::
2722:.
2708::
2649:.
2637::
2609:.
2558:.
2528::
2501:.
2481::
2434:.
2420::
2393:.
2363::
2335:.
2313::
2286:.
2264::
2222:.
2200::
2173:.
2159::
2132:.
2118::
2091:.
2077::
2035:.
2021::
2015:6
1994:.
1982::
1959:.
1949:4
1917:.
1905::
1877:.
1856:.
1844::
1827:.
1815::
1798:.
1786::
1745:.
1733::
1696:.
1684::
1667:.
1646:.
1624::
1616::
1589:.
1577::
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