821:
and the ability to accurately extrapolate findings to humans. Researchers have also noted that many studies involving mice, rats and other rodents are poorly designed, leading to questionable findings. One explanation for deficiencies in studies of rodents housed in laboratory cages is that they lack access to environmental agency and thus the ongoing freedom to make decisions and experience their consequences. By housing rodents under extreme impoverished conditions, these captive animals bear diminished resemblance to humans or their wild conspecifics.
641:, representing three days of work. Thirty to fifty live mice are normally born from this number of injected blastocysts. Normally, the skin color of the mice from which the host blastocysts are derived is different from that of the strain used to produce the embryonic stem cells. Typically two to six mice will have skin and hair with greater than seventy percent ES cell contribution, indicating a good chance for embryonic stem cell contribution to the
689:
5028:
578:
a few secondary schools, and research institutes. Of these 2,000, approximately 960 are regulated by USDA; 349 by NIH; and 560 accredited by AALAC. Approximately 50 percent of the organizations contacted revealed a specific or approximated number of animals in their laboratories. The total number of animals for those organizations is: 250,000–1,000,000 rats; 400,000–2,000,000 mice; and 130,000–900,000 birds.
1908:
5172:
48:
725:
sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and other illnesses has been called into question by a number of researchers. Regarding experiments on mice in particular, some researchers have complained that "years and billions of dollars have been wasted following false leads" as a result of a preoccupation with the use of these animals in studies.
5565:
666:) are used to model the human medical conditions including various cancers, metabolic diseases, non-cancer respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, and general health concerns. In 2006–07, Syrian hamsters accounted for 19% of the total animal research participants in the United States.
568:
In the UK in 2015, there were 3.33 million procedures on rodents (80% of total procedures that year). The most common species used were mice (3.03 million procedures, or 73% of total) and rats (268,522, or 6.5%). Other rodents species included guinea pigs (21,831 / 0.7%), hamsters (1,500 / 0.04%) and
820:
For example, researchers have found that many rats and mice in laboratories are obese from excess food and minimal exercise which alters their physiology and drug metabolism. Many laboratory animals, including mice and rats, are chronically stressed which can also negatively affect research outcomes
577:
Over 2,000 research organizations are listed in the database, of which approximately 500 were researched and of these, 100 were contacted directly by FRD staff. These organizations include hospitals, government organizations, private companies (pharmaceutical companies, etc.), universities/colleges,
824:
Some studies suggests that inadequate published data in animal testing may result in irreproducible research, with missing details about how experiments are done are omitted from published papers or differences in testing that may introduce bias. Examples of hidden bias include a 2014 study from
572:
In the U.S., the numbers of rats and mice used are not reported, but estimates range from around 11 million to approximately 100 million. In 2000, the
Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, published the results of an analysis of its Rats/Mice/and Birds Database: Researchers, Breeders,
724:
While mice, rats and other rodents are by far the most widely used animals in biomedical research, recent studies have highlighted their limitations. For example, the utility of the use of rodents in testing for sepsis, burns, inflammation, stroke, ALS, Alzheimer's, diabetes, cancer, multiple
816:
notes, "The difficulties associated with using animal models for human disease result from the metabolic, anatomic, and cellular differences between humans and other creatures, but the problems go even deeper than that" including issues with the design and execution of the tests themselves.
680:
Rodents such as rats are the most common model in researching effects of cardiovascular disease, as the effects on rodents mimic those in humans. Rats have also been used as tools in research to try to find if there is a difference in the effects of cocaine on adults versus adolescents.
621:
Transgenic animal production consists of injecting each construct into 300–350 eggs, typically representing three days' work. Twenty to fifty mice will normally be born from this number of injected eggs. These animals are screened for the presence of the
598:
Mice are the most commonly used vertebrate species, popular because of their availability, size, low cost, ease of handling, and fast reproduction rate. Mice are quick to reach sexual maturity, as well as quick to
348:
2141:
Valentine, Helen; Daugherity, Erin K.; Singh, Bhupinder; Maurer, Kirk J. (2012). "The
Experimental Use of Syrian Hamsters". In Suckow, Mark A.; Stevens, Karla A.; Wilson, Ronald P. (eds.).
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232:
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313:
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799:. "Dirty" mice are possibly better suitable for mimicking human pathologies. In addition, inbred mouse strains are used in the overwhelming majority of studies, while the
308:
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281:
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911:
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368:
1601:
Roep, Bart; Atkinson, Mark; von
Herrath, Matthias (November 2004). "Satisfaction (not) guaranteed: re-evaluating the use of animal models in type 1 diabetes".
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787:, which directly affects the immune system and the development of pathological conditions. Moreover, persistent virus infections (for example,
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and others. Mice are the most commonly used vertebrate species, due to their availability, size, low cost, ease of handling, and fast
343:
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1443:
945:
654:
353:
1998:
Murgatroyd, C; et al. (8 November 2009). "Dynamic DNA methylation programs persistent adverse effects of early-life stress".
833:, which suggests that mice handled by men rather than women showed higher stress levels. Another study in 2016 suggested that gut
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Lahvis, Garet (June 29, 2017). "Unbridle biomedical research from the laboratory cage". eLife: 1–10. doi:10.7554/eLife.27438.
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2252:
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1512:
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194:
1744:"Clinical predictive value of the in vitro cell line, human xenograft, and mouse allograft preclinical cancer models"
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603:, where labs can have a new generation every three weeks as well as a relatively short lifespan of two years.
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4774:
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2363:
1193:"Differential effects of self-administered cocaine in adolescent and adult rats on stimulus–reward learning"
1064:
502:
489:
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373:
318:
136:
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3312:
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2706:
2545:
2435:
2400:
557:
227:
3447:
3432:
1006:"The world's favourite lab animal has been found wanting, but there are new twists in the mouse's tale"
618:
technology, genetically modified mice can be generated to order and can cost hundreds of dollars each.
5589:
5476:
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4233:
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2585:
2353:
2333:
1796:
1698:
1465:
Benatar, M (April 2007). "Lost in translation: Treatment trials in the SOD1 mouse and in human ALS".
1340:
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108:
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3910:
3251:
1971:
Balcomb, J; Barnard, N; Sandusky, C (November 2004). "Laboratory routines cause animal stress".
1044:"Transgenic Mouse & Rat Models - Positive Negative Selection & Isogenic DNA Gene Target"
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3116:
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2671:
2580:
2415:
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2015:
1980:
1953:
1863:
1814:
1758:
1716:
1667:
1618:
1583:
1482:
1419:
1368:
1304:
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2007:
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238:
212:
169:
1132:
Jia, Tian; Wang, Chen; Han, Zhengxi; Wang, Xiaozhi; Ding, Ming; Wang, Quanyi (2020-12-07).
5529:
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1414:
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1363:
1328:
1168:
1133:
1029:
846:
780:
675:
630:
genotyping assay. The number of transgenic animals typically varies from two to eight.
541:
533:
451:
446:
383:
222:
179:
63:
39:
31:
1882:
1646:"Of Rodents and Men: Species-Specific Glucose Regulation and Type 2 Diabetes Research"
728:
Mice differ from humans in several immune properties: mice are more resistant to some
688:
5605:
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5363:
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436:
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174:
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1232:
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2500:
2420:
2027:
1826:
1728:
851:
796:
456:
441:
923:
912:"Annual Statistics of Scientific Procedures on Living Animals, Great Britain, 2015
1404:
4702:
4148:
3975:
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3950:
3890:
3719:
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3594:
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2782:
2653:
2628:
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779:(SPF) conditions usually have a rather immature immune system with a deficit of
113:
803:
is heterogeneous, pointing to the importance of studies in interstrain hybrid,
5411:
4814:
4332:
4043:
3935:
3880:
3860:
3709:
3704:
3689:
3659:
3634:
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3327:
3161:
3131:
2465:
2455:
2348:
2064:
1478:
1299:
1282:
1208:
834:
784:
752:
741:
733:
638:
545:
328:
1562:"Animal models of Alzheimer disease: historical pitfalls and a path forward1"
1216:
1159:
1150:
938:
What
Animals Want: Expertise and Advocacy in Laboratory Animal Welfare Policy
5544:
5358:
4907:
4766:
4362:
4133:
3739:
3604:
3579:
3467:
3246:
3191:
2843:
2643:
2550:
2530:
2505:
2440:
1353:
1329:"Genomic responses in mouse models poorly mimic human inflammatory diseases"
1192:
979:
962:
744:
623:
600:
416:
286:
2019:
1984:
1957:
1867:
1818:
1762:
1720:
1671:
1662:
1645:
1622:
1587:
1578:
1561:
1486:
1372:
1308:
1224:
1177:
988:
1858:
1841:
1423:
5461:
3542:
2460:
2410:
882:
830:
642:
378:
759:; and lack genes for important components of the immune system, such as
5171:
2772:
2726:
2385:
2145:(1st. ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press. pp. 875–898.
861:
804:
549:
267:
47:
1276:
1274:
1272:
5333:
2323:
856:
792:
729:
553:
529:
2011:
1948:
1931:
1809:
1784:
1711:
1686:
1614:
1687:"Drug development: Raise standards for preclinical cancer research"
2170:
1251:"Mice Fall Short as Test Subjects for Some of Humans' Deadly Ills"
772:
768:
764:
737:
5046:
2173:: Huntington's Disease Outreach Project for Education at Stanford
1437:
1435:
1433:
1072:
4173:
2182:
2113:"Mouse microbes may make scientific studies harder to replicate"
1742:
Voskoglou-Nomikos, T; Pater, J; Seymour, L (15 September 2003).
611:
5050:
4400:
4010:
2986:
2224:
2186:
1560:
Cavanaugh, Sarah; Pippin, John; Bernard, Neal (10 April 2013).
1644:
1092:
683:
2143:
The laboratory rabbit, guinea pig, hamster, and other rodents
1388:"Can Animal Models of Disease Reliably Inform Human Studies?"
1108:
Animal Care Annual Report of
Activities - Fiscal Year 2007
1105:
United States
Department of Agriculture (September 2008),
795:
complications and may change the resistance to bacterial
2904:
University of
California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid
1191:
Kerstetter, Kerry A.; Kantak, Kathleen M. (2007-10-01).
1134:"Experimental Rodent Models of Cardiovascular Diseases"
700:
4428:
Moral
Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes
837:
in mice may have an impact upon scientific research.
791:) are activated in humans, but not in SPF mice, with
606:
They are widely considered to be the prime model of
5553:
5500:
5372:
5321:
5271:
5220:
5179:
5084:
4995:
4942:
4892:
4832:
4825:
4646:
4411:
4372:
4283:
4247:
4031:
4024:
3843:
3562:
3555:
3300:
3009:
3000:
2943:
2922:
2861:
2811:
2753:
2725:
2662:
2594:
2486:
2479:
2311:
2235:
1065:"WUSM :: Mouse Genetics Core :: Services"
1513:"Misleading mouse studies waste medical resources"
963:"The genetic basis of emotional behaviour in mice"
5354:Laboratory animal suppliers in the United Kingdom
1032:, Sanger Institute Press Release, 5 December 2002
2283:List of international animal welfare conventions
1973:Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science
873:Mouse models of colorectal and intestinal cancer
633:Chimeric mouse production consists of injecting
4580:An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory
2088:"Male Scent May Compromise Biomedical Research"
1539:"Preclinical research: Make mouse studies work"
1333:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1000:
998:
783:. These mice may have limited diversity of the
575:
1842:"Debate Grows Over New Mouse Models of Cancer"
1244:
1242:
5452:Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
5062:
2198:
1902:
1900:
1532:
1530:
1506:
1504:
510:
369:Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
8:
2288:Moral status of animals in the ancient world
4255:Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society
4199:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
2226:Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases)
1685:Glenn Begley, C; Ellis, L (29 March 2012).
1322:
1320:
1318:
5069:
5055:
5047:
4829:
4408:
4397:
4028:
4021:
4007:
3559:
3006:
2997:
2983:
2483:
2232:
2221:
2205:
2191:
2183:
1909:"There's more to life than rats and flies"
637:provided by the investigator into 150–175
517:
503:
35:
5417:Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing
4402:Media (books, films, periodicals, albums)
4339:Human Environment Animal Protection Party
2063:
1947:
1857:
1808:
1710:
1661:
1577:
1413:
1403:
1362:
1352:
1298:
1283:"Mouse Models of Sepsis and Septic Shock"
1167:
1149:
1114:, United States Department of Agriculture
978:
5572:Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986
5263:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
5147:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
4460:Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology
2712:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
1846:Journal of the National Cancer Institute
893:Mouse models of breast cancer metastasis
869:, five mice who orbited the Moon in 1972
99:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
2303:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare
904:
470:
407:
299:
248:
203:
160:
122:
54:
38:
5566:Animal Experimentation Convention 1986
2380:Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness
1386:Bart van der Worp, H (30 March 2010).
4596:Political Animals and Animal Politics
4184:Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition
4109:Centre for Animals and Social Justice
2516:Concentrated animal feeding operation
2293:Timeline of animal welfare and rights
2248:Animal rights by country or territory
2052:"Male researchers stress out rodents"
1511:Check Hayden, Erika (26 March 2014).
1059:
1057:
7:
5447:New England Anti-Vivisection Society
5107:Animal testing on non-human primates
4327:Animalist Party with the Environment
2609:Animal testing on non-human primates
1327:Seok; et al. (7 January 2013).
1138:Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
359:New England Anti-Vivisection Society
5238:Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act
4751:Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home
2956:World Day for the End of Speciesism
1907:Bolker, Jessica (1 November 2012).
1881:Begley, Sharon (5 September 2008).
1442:Gawrylewski, Andrea (1 July 2007).
5437:Foundation for Biomedical Research
4876:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism
4219:United Activists for Animal Rights
4129:Doctors Against Animal Experiments
2263:Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies
1281:Korneev, K. V. (18 October 2019).
1069:Washington University in St. Louis
344:Foundation for Biomedical Research
25:
5442:National Anti-Vivisection Society
4420:On Abstinence from Eating Animals
4380:Animal Rights National Conference
4303:Animal Protection Party of Canada
4260:Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society
4114:Chinese Animal Protection Network
4039:American Anti-Vivisection Society
3513:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann
2268:Animal rights in Indian religions
2258:Animal rights and punk subculture
2179:from Animal Research Organization
1249:Kolata, Gina (11 February 2013).
775:, etc. Laboratory mice reared in
655:Animal testing on Syrian hamsters
354:National Anti-Vivisection Society
5170:
5027:
5026:
4588:Animal Rights Without Liberation
4239:Voice for Animals Humane Society
2966:World Day for the End of Fishing
2961:World Day for Laboratory Animals
2391:Equal consideration of interests
1932:"Fat rats skew research results"
1930:Cressey, Daniel (2 March 2010).
1444:"The Trouble With Animal Models"
961:Willis-Owen SA, Flint J (2006).
747:capacity, lower activity of the
732:than humans; have a lower total
687:
614:with humans. With the advent of
46:
5097:Animal testing on invertebrates
4309:Animal Justice Party of Finland
4194:Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics
3403:Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
2991:(academics, writers, activists)
2884:Monkey selfie copyright dispute
1537:Perrin, Steve (26 March 2014).
573:Transporters, and Exhibitors.
185:Animals (Scientific Procedures)
5387:Americans for Medical Progress
5092:Alternatives to animal testing
4532:Animals, Property, and the Law
2604:Alternatives to animal testing
2273:Christianity and animal rights
2167:Information about mouse models
1883:"Rethinking the war on cancer"
1840:Garber, K (6 September 2006).
324:Americans for Medical Progress
69:Alternatives to animal testing
1:
5492:Understanding Animal Research
5291:Cambridge University primates
4169:Korea Animal Rights Advocates
2874:Cambridge University primates
2406:Ethics of uncertain sentience
399:Understanding Animal Research
218:Cambridge University primates
5152:Testing cosmetics on animals
4229:UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics
2374:Argument from marginal cases
1783:Dennis, C (17 August 2006).
1405:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000245
1071:. 2005-07-07. Archived from
888:Testing cosmetics on animals
104:Testing cosmetics on animals
5482:Stop Sequani Animal Testing
5253:International primate trade
4516:Morals, Reason, and Animals
4144:Farm Animal Rights Movement
4094:Anonymous for the Voiceless
2778:International primate trade
2253:Anarchism and animal rights
940:. Oxford University Press.
867:Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey
195:International primate trade
5628:
5584:Animal Welfare Act of 1966
5561:Animal testing regulations
5422:Cruelty Free International
5382:Anti-Vivisection Coalition
5329:Charles River Laboratories
5132:History of model organisms
5122:Animal testing regulations
4636:Making a Stand for Animals
4508:The Case for Animal Rights
4159:Hunt Saboteurs Association
4119:Cruelty Free International
4089:Anti-Vivisection Coalition
2614:Animal testing regulations
1785:"Cancer: off by a whisker"
673:
652:
591:
334:Cruelty Free International
263:Charles River Laboratories
84:History of model organisms
74:Animal testing regulations
29:
5612:Animal testing on rodents
5258:Laboratory animal allergy
5168:
5142:Laboratory animal sources
5127:History of animal testing
5117:Animal testing on rodents
5112:Animal testing on rabbits
5022:
4791:The Ghosts in Our Machine
4628:Animal Ethics in the Wild
4407:
4396:
4064:Animal Legal Defense Fund
4020:
4006:
3358:William Hamilton Drummond
2996:
2982:
2717:Welfare of farmed insects
2344:Animal–industrial complex
2231:
2220:
2065:10.1038/nature.2014.15106
2050:Katsnelson, Alla (2014).
1479:10.1016/j.nbd.2006.12.015
1300:10.1134/S0026893319050108
1209:10.1007/s00213-007-0852-6
751:, and a different set of
660:Golden or Syrian hamsters
628:polymerase chain reaction
94:Laboratory animal sources
79:History of animal testing
18:Animal Testing on Rodents
5487:Research Defence Society
5349:Labcorp Drug Development
5344:Huntingdon Life Sciences
4869:Journal of Animal Ethics
4735:Your Mommy Kills Animals
4124:Direct Action Everywhere
3528:Johann Heinrich Winckler
3473:Nathaniel Peabody Rogers
2930:Direct Action Everywhere
2634:Huntingdon Life Sciences
2619:Labcorp Drug Development
2576:Feedback (pork industry)
2541:Intensive animal farming
2278:History of animal rights
1751:Clinical Cancer Research
1151:10.3389/fcvm.2020.588075
277:Huntingdon Life Sciences
233:UCR 1985 laboratory raid
5578:Animal Welfare Act 1999
5457:Primate Freedom Project
5402:Animal Free Research UK
5102:Animal testing on frogs
5004:Holocaust on your Plate
4775:An Apology to Elephants
4556:Do Animals Have Rights?
4492:Animals, Men and Morals
4468:Better-World Philosophy
4345:Italian Animalist Party
4224:United Poultry Concerns
4179:Last Chance for Animals
4074:Animal Liberation Front
3961:Maud Ingersoll Probasco
2446:Replaceability argument
2364:Animal-free agriculture
2177:Animal Model of Disease
1467:Neurobiology of Disease
1354:10.1073/pnas.1222878110
980:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201569
610:and share 99% of their
608:inherited human disease
569:gerbils (278 / 0.01%).
374:Primate Freedom Project
282:UK lab animal suppliers
5248:Great ape research ban
4977:Salvation of Innocents
4524:Zoos and Animal Rights
4099:Beauty Without Cruelty
4059:Animal Justice Project
3393:John Zephaniah Holwell
3047:Stephen St. C. Bostock
2624:Great ape research ban
2243:Animal rights movement
1663:10.14573/altex.1309231
1579:10.14573/altex.1310071
1042:Biosciences, Taconic.
926:- Speaking of Research
807:, and nonlinear mice.
777:specific-pathogen-free
580:
190:Great ape research ban
5306:Silver Spring monkeys
4996:Fairs and exhibitions
4883:The Animals' Defender
4855:Cahiers antispécistes
4783:Speciesism: The Movie
4604:Animal (De)liberation
4564:Striking at the Roots
4476:The Universal Kinship
4436:The Rights of Animals
4357:People Animals Nature
4351:Party for the Animals
4164:In Defense of Animals
3926:Nina Douglas-Hamilton
3313:David Renaud Boullier
2899:Silver Spring monkeys
2798:Wild animal suffering
2707:Pain in invertebrates
2546:Intensive pig farming
2436:Opposition to hunting
2401:Ethics of eating meat
1093:Valentine et al. 2012
532:are commonly used in
228:Silver Spring monkeys
5590:Directive 2010/63/EU
5477:Speaking of Research
4612:Sentientist Politics
4540:The Lives of Animals
4291:Animal Justice Party
4104:Born Free Foundation
3941:Lizzy Lind af Hageby
3815:Wendy Turner-Webster
3523:Adam Gottlieb Weigen
2745:Recreational fishing
2586:Ventilation shutdown
2354:Animal protectionism
2334:Animal consciousness
757:inflammatory process
664:Mesocricetus auratus
635:embryonic stem cells
394:Speaking of Research
5568:(Council of Europe)
5243:Biomedical Research
5036:( 139 )
4862:Etica & Animali
4848:Between the Species
4572:An American Trilogy
4265:Humanitarian League
3876:Frances Power Cobbe
3488:Arthur Schopenhauer
3483:Henry Stephens Salt
3363:Edward Payson Evans
3057:Stephen R. L. Clark
2914:War of the currents
2803:Wildlife management
2697:Pain in crustaceans
2692:Pain in cephalopods
2000:Nature Neuroscience
1859:10.1093/jnci/djj381
1801:2006Natur.442..739D
1703:2012Natur.483..531B
1345:2013PNAS..110.3507S
936:Carbone, L (2004).
924:US Statistics, 2014
878:Preclinical imaging
616:genetic engineering
5296:Monkey Drug Trials
5162:Toxicology testing
4799:Unlocking the Cage
4620:Wild Animal Ethics
4444:The Ethics of Diet
4321:Animalist Movement
4297:Animal Politics EU
4209:Sentience Politics
3835:That Vegan Teacher
3448:Siobhan O'Sullivan
3433:José Ferrater Mora
3242:Steve F. Sapontzis
2735:Commercial fishing
2687:Pain in amphibians
2677:Cruelty to animals
2649:Operation Backfire
2488:Animal agriculture
2396:Emotion in animals
1255:The New York Times
1197:Psychopharmacology
1095:, p. 875-898.
1030:The Measure Of Man
967:Eur. J. Hum. Genet
699:. You can help by
258:Jackson Laboratory
109:Toxicology testing
5599:
5598:
5044:
5043:
5037:
5018:
5017:
5014:
5013:
4985:Onward to Freedom
4953:Animal Liberation
4938:
4937:
4759:Forks Over Knives
4711:Peaceable Kingdom
4671:Shores of Silence
4663:A Cow at My Table
4548:Eternal Treblinka
4500:Animal Liberation
4392:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4279:
4278:
4214:Uncaged Campaigns
4189:Mercy for Animals
4154:Great Ape Project
4069:Animal Liberation
4015:(groups, parties)
4002:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3901:Elizabeth Farians
3810:Christine Townend
3750:Heather Nicholson
3675:Brigitte Gothière
3665:Antoine Goetschel
3551:
3550:
3212:Charles Patterson
3117:Gary L. Francione
3092:Josephine Donovan
3082:Daniel Dombrowski
3062:Alasdair Cochrane
2978:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2857:
2856:
2788:Predation problem
2672:Animal euthanasia
2581:Foam depopulation
2416:Insects in ethics
2006:(12): 1559–1566.
1757:(11): 4227–4239.
1697:(7391): 531–533.
1603:Nature Immunology
1287:Molecular Biology
827:McGill University
749:complement system
717:
716:
558:reproduction rate
527:
526:
462:Syed Ziaur Rahman
408:Writers/activists
16:(Redirected from
5619:
5312:Unnecessary Fuss
5286:Brown Dog affair
5174:
5071:
5064:
5057:
5048:
5035:
5030:
5029:
4841:Animal Sentience
4830:
4695:Legally Blonde 2
4655:The Animals Film
4409:
4398:
4204:Rise for Animals
4029:
4022:
4008:
3871:Edith Carrington
3775:Craig Rosebraugh
3735:Virginia McKenna
3725:Jo-Anne McArthur
3655:Juliet Gellatley
3560:
3518:Mary Anne Warren
3458:Humphrey Primatt
3443:Edward Nicholson
3413:Charles R. Magel
3378:Thomas G. Gentry
3237:Richard D. Ryder
3177:Thomas Lepeltier
3007:
2998:
2984:
2951:World Animal Day
2909:Unnecessary Fuss
2869:Brown Dog affair
2839:Animals in sport
2829:Animal slaughter
2824:Animal sacrifice
2763:Culling wildlife
2566:Wildlife farming
2484:
2329:Animal cognition
2298:Total liberation
2233:
2222:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2184:
2156:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2067:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2032:
2031:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1951:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1904:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1861:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1812:
1795:(7104): 739–41.
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1748:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1714:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1665:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1581:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1534:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1508:
1499:
1498:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1439:
1428:
1427:
1417:
1407:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1366:
1356:
1339:(9): 3507–3512.
1324:
1313:
1312:
1302:
1278:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1257:. New York Times
1246:
1237:
1236:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1171:
1153:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1113:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1061:
1052:
1051:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1002:
993:
992:
982:
958:
952:
951:
933:
927:
921:
915:
909:
831:Montreal, Canada
801:human population
755:involved in the
736:fraction in the
712:
709:
691:
684:
594:Laboratory mouse
519:
512:
505:
339:Dr. Hadwen Trust
300:Groups/campaigns
239:Unnecessary Fuss
213:Brown Dog affair
170:Medical research
50:
36:
27:Overview article
21:
5627:
5626:
5622:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5617:
5616:
5602:
5601:
5600:
5595:
5549:
5530:Neal D. Barnard
5510:Colin Blakemore
5502:
5496:
5374:
5368:
5317:
5273:
5267:
5216:
5212:Syrian hamsters
5175:
5166:
5080:
5075:
5045:
5040:
5010:
4991:
4934:
4915:Muutoksen kevät
4888:
4821:
4727:Behind the Mask
4642:
4452:Animals' Rights
4403:
4384:
4368:
4275:
4243:
4016:
3990:
3851:Cleveland Amory
3839:
3805:Darren Thurston
3800:Marianne Thieme
3650:Bruce Friedrich
3615:Joey Carbstrong
3600:Brigitte Bardot
3547:
3538:Jon Wynne-Tyson
3428:J. Howard Moore
3373:John Galsworthy
3353:Wilhelm Dietler
3296:
3292:Corey Lee Wrenn
3202:Martha Nussbaum
3112:Lawrence Finsen
3052:Paola Cavalieri
3027:Kristin Andrews
3002:
2992:
2970:
2939:
2918:
2853:
2807:
2749:
2721:
2682:Pain in animals
2658:
2590:
2556:Poultry farming
2475:
2307:
2227:
2216:
2211:
2163:
2153:
2140:
2137:
2132:
2131:
2122:
2120:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2097:
2095:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2012:10.1038/nn.2436
1997:
1996:
1992:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1949:10.1038/464019a
1929:
1928:
1924:
1914:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1898:
1888:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1810:10.1038/442739a
1782:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1765:
1746:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1712:10.1038/483531a
1684:
1683:
1679:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1615:10.1038/nri1502
1609:(12): 989–997.
1600:
1599:
1595:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1502:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1449:
1447:
1446:. The Scientist
1441:
1440:
1431:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1326:
1325:
1316:
1280:
1279:
1270:
1260:
1258:
1248:
1247:
1240:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1091:
1087:
1078:
1076:
1063:
1062:
1055:
1048:www.taconic.com
1041:
1040:
1036:
1028:
1024:
1015:
1013:
1004:
1003:
996:
960:
959:
955:
948:
935:
934:
930:
922:
918:
910:
906:
901:
843:
722:
713:
707:
704:
697:needs expansion
678:
672:
657:
651:
649:Syrian hamsters
596:
590:
585:
566:
536:, particularly
523:
494:
466:
432:Colin Blakemore
427:Neal D. Barnard
403:
295:
244:
199:
156:
118:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5625:
5623:
5615:
5614:
5604:
5603:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5587:
5581:
5575:
5569:
5563:
5557:
5555:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5525:Ingrid Newkirk
5522:
5517:
5512:
5506:
5504:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5378:
5376:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5325:
5323:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5315:
5308:
5303:
5301:Pit of despair
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5277:
5275:
5269:
5268:
5266:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5233:Animal welfare
5230:
5224:
5222:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5183:
5181:
5177:
5176:
5169:
5167:
5165:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5088:
5086:
5082:
5081:
5078:Animal testing
5076:
5074:
5073:
5066:
5059:
5051:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5038:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5008:
4999:
4997:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4981:
4973:
4965:
4957:
4948:
4946:
4940:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4925:
4918:
4911:
4904:
4896:
4894:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4879:
4872:
4865:
4858:
4851:
4844:
4836:
4834:
4827:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4811:
4803:
4795:
4787:
4779:
4771:
4763:
4755:
4747:
4739:
4731:
4723:
4715:
4707:
4699:
4691:
4687:Meet Your Meat
4683:
4675:
4667:
4659:
4650:
4648:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4632:
4624:
4616:
4608:
4600:
4592:
4584:
4576:
4568:
4560:
4552:
4544:
4536:
4528:
4520:
4512:
4504:
4496:
4488:
4484:The New Ethics
4480:
4472:
4464:
4456:
4448:
4440:
4432:
4424:
4415:
4413:
4405:
4404:
4401:
4394:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4376:
4374:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4360:
4354:
4348:
4342:
4336:
4330:
4324:
4318:
4315:Animals' Party
4312:
4306:
4300:
4294:
4287:
4285:
4281:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4262:
4257:
4251:
4249:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4084:AnimaNaturalis
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4054:Animal Justice
4051:
4046:
4041:
4035:
4033:
4026:
4018:
4017:
4011:
4004:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3986:Gretchen Wyler
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3916:Lewis Gompertz
3913:
3908:
3906:Emarel Freshel
3903:
3898:
3896:Muriel Dowding
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3830:Gary Yourofsky
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3745:Ingrid Newkirk
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3685:Charlotte Laws
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3610:Yves Bonnardel
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3585:Martin Balluch
3582:
3577:
3572:
3566:
3564:
3557:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3533:Steven M. Wise
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3478:Bernard Rollin
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3438:Leonard Nelson
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3343:Herman Daggett
3340:
3335:
3333:Priscilla Cohn
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3308:Jeremy Bentham
3304:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3222:Jessica Pierce
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
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2117:Science | AAAS
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2517:
2514:
2512:
2511:Chick culling
2509:
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2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2471:Vegetarianism
2469:
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2464:
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2369:Anthrozoology
2367:
2365:
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2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2339:Animal ethics
2337:
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2214:Animal rights
2208:
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2043:
2037:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1994:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1967:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1926:
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1910:
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1392:PLOS Medicine
1389:
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1075:on 2007-08-04
1074:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1023:
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1010:The Economist
1007:
1001:
999:
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990:
986:
981:
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949:
947:9780195161960
943:
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920:
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832:
828:
822:
818:
815:
814:
813:The Scientist
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
789:herpesviruses
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
743:
739:
735:
731:
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719:
711:
702:
698:
695:This section
693:
690:
686:
685:
682:
677:
669:
667:
665:
661:
656:
648:
646:
644:
640:
636:
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619:
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613:
609:
604:
602:
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582:
579:
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547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
520:
515:
513:
508:
506:
501:
500:
498:
497:
491:
488:
486:
485:Animal rights
483:
481:
478:
477:
475:
474:
469:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
437:Simon Festing
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
422:Michael Balls
420:
418:
415:
414:
412:
411:
406:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
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327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
306:
304:
303:
298:
292:
291:Shamrock Farm
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
255:
253:
252:
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214:
211:
210:
208:
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196:
193:
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188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
175:Animal rights
173:
171:
168:
167:
165:
164:
159:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
132:Invertebrates
130:
129:
127:
126:
121:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
75:
72:
70:
67:
65:
62:
61:
59:
58:
55:Main articles
53:
49:
45:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5535:Jerry Vlasak
5520:Gill Langley
5310:
5206:
5116:
5002:
4983:
4975:
4967:
4959:
4951:
4927:
4920:
4913:
4906:
4899:
4881:
4874:
4867:
4860:
4853:
4846:
4839:
4813:
4805:
4797:
4789:
4781:
4773:
4765:
4757:
4749:
4741:
4733:
4725:
4717:
4709:
4701:
4693:
4685:
4677:
4669:
4661:
4653:
4634:
4626:
4618:
4610:
4602:
4594:
4586:
4578:
4570:
4562:
4554:
4546:
4538:
4530:
4522:
4514:
4506:
4498:
4490:
4482:
4474:
4466:
4458:
4450:
4442:
4434:
4426:
4418:
4271:Oxford Group
4139:Every Animal
4032:Contemporary
3981:Andrew Tyler
3971:Nell Shipman
3911:André Géraud
3820:Jerry Vlasak
3795:Lynda Stoner
3770:Alex Pacheco
3700:Evanna Lynch
3695:Howard Lyman
3680:Wayne Hsiung
3640:Chris DeRose
3630:Rod Coronado
3563:Contemporary
3503:Thomas Tryon
3423:Mary Midgley
3418:Jean Meslier
3398:Soame Jenyns
3388:John Hildrop
3383:Arthur Helps
3348:Richard Dean
3323:Peter Buchan
3262:Gary Steiner
3257:Peter Singer
3252:JĂ©rĂ´me Segal
3217:David Pearce
3207:Clare Palmer
3197:David Nibert
3187:Clair Linzey
3097:Joan Dunayer
3022:Aysha Akhtar
3010:Contemporary
2879:McLibel case
2834:Animal trial
2793:Seal hunting
2755:Wild animals
2740:Fishing bait
2702:Pain in fish
2521:Fish farming
2501:Battery cage
2421:Meat paradox
2378:
2319:Abolitionism
2142:
2121:. Retrieved
2119:. 2016-08-15
2116:
2107:
2096:. Retrieved
2094:. 2014-04-28
2091:
2082:
2055:
2045:
2036:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1979:(6): 42–51.
1976:
1972:
1966:
1939:
1935:
1925:
1913:. Retrieved
1887:. Retrieved
1876:
1849:
1845:
1835:
1792:
1788:
1778:
1766:. Retrieved
1754:
1750:
1737:
1694:
1690:
1680:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1569:
1565:
1555:
1543:. Retrieved
1517:. Retrieved
1470:
1466:
1460:
1448:. Retrieved
1395:
1391:
1381:
1336:
1332:
1290:
1286:
1259:. Retrieved
1254:
1200:
1196:
1186:
1141:
1137:
1127:
1116:, retrieved
1107:
1100:
1088:
1077:. Retrieved
1073:the original
1047:
1037:
1025:
1014:. Retrieved
1012:. 2016-12-24
1009:
973:(6): 721–8.
970:
966:
956:
937:
931:
919:
907:
852:Animal model
823:
819:
811:
809:
797:coinfections
727:
723:
705:
701:adding to it
696:
679:
663:
658:
632:
620:
605:
597:
583:Rodent types
576:
571:
567:
528:
457:Jerry Vlasak
442:Gill Langley
237:
151:
5554:Legislation
5501:Writers and
5274:experiments
4826:Periodicals
4703:The Meatrix
4679:The Witness
4293:(Australia)
4267:(1891–1919)
4149:Faunalytics
3976:Henry Spira
3966:Hans Ruesch
3956:Jill Phipps
3951:Norm Phelps
3931:Barry Horne
3891:Royal Dixon
3886:Karen Davis
3866:Ernest Bell
3760:Ric O'Barry
3755:Jack Norris
3720:Dan Mathews
3625:Jake Conroy
3595:Barbi Twins
3570:James Aspey
3508:Gary Varner
3498:John Styles
3338:Henry Crowe
3287:Paul Waldau
3277:Michael Tye
3172:Renan Larue
3157:Melanie Joy
3142:Oscar Horta
3137:John Hadley
3107:Catia Faria
3102:Mylan Engel
3072:Alice Crary
3042:Steven Best
3037:Marc Bekoff
3003:and writers
2944:Observances
2849:Live export
2783:Ivory trade
2654:Vivisection
2629:Green Scare
2526:Fur farming
2431:Open rescue
2426:Nonviolence
1473:(1): 1–13.
914:Home Office
835:microbiomes
720:Limitations
639:blastocysts
546:guinea pigs
544:, but also
114:Vivisection
5515:Carl Cohen
5412:Boyd Group
5373:Groups and
5180:Testing on
4815:Seaspiracy
4719:Earthlings
4359:(Portugal)
4333:DierAnimal
4248:Historical
4044:Animal Aid
3936:Marie Huot
3881:Joan Court
3861:Bob Barker
3844:Historical
3730:LuĂsa Mell
3710:Keith Mann
3705:Bill Maher
3690:Ronnie Lee
3660:Tal Gilboa
3635:Karen Dawn
3575:Greg Avery
3453:Rod Preece
3368:T. Forster
3328:Mona Caird
3301:Historical
3162:Hilda Kean
3132:Lori Gruen
2466:Vegaphobia
2456:Speciesism
2349:Animal law
2123:2017-01-10
2098:2017-01-10
1942:(19): 19.
1885:. Newsweek
1144:: 588075.
1118:14 January
1079:2007-10-22
1016:2017-01-10
899:References
785:microbiota
753:pentraxins
742:neutrophil
740:, a lower
734:neutrophil
564:Statistics
471:Categories
329:Boyd Group
123:Testing on
5545:Tipu Aziz
5503:activists
5375:campaigns
5359:Nafovanny
5322:Companies
4969:Manifesto
4908:Bite Back
4893:Magazines
4767:Vegucated
4365:(Germany)
4363:V-ParteiÂł
4341:(Germany)
4335:(Belgium)
4311:(Finland)
4134:Equanimal
3740:Morrissey
3715:Jim Mason
3670:Mark Gold
3605:Gene Baur
3580:Matt Ball
3556:Activists
3468:Tom Regan
3247:Jeff Sebo
3192:Dan Lyons
3001:Academics
2989:Advocates
2844:Live food
2644:Nafovanny
2551:Livestock
2531:Fur trade
2506:Bile bear
2441:Personism
2236:Overviews
1217:1432-2072
1160:2297-055X
745:enzymatic
624:transgene
417:Tipu Aziz
287:Nafovanny
249:Companies
5606:Category
5462:Pro-Test
5364:Shamrock
5281:Britches
5197:Primates
5157:Three Rs
5032:Category
4901:Arkangel
4833:Journals
4807:Dominion
4743:The Cove
4373:Activism
4317:(Sweden)
4305:(Canada)
4299:(Europe)
4013:Movement
3543:Voltaire
2461:Veganism
2411:Ethology
2312:Concepts
2074:87534627
2020:19898468
1985:15669134
1958:20203576
1915:6 August
1911:. Nature
1889:6 August
1868:16954466
1819:16915261
1768:6 August
1763:14519650
1721:22460880
1672:24270692
1631:21204695
1623:15573133
1588:24793844
1545:6 August
1541:. Nature
1519:6 August
1515:. Nature
1495:24174675
1487:17300945
1450:6 August
1373:23401516
1309:31661479
1261:6 August
1233:21293891
1225:17609932
1178:33365329
989:16721408
883:Rat Park
841:See also
708:May 2015
643:germline
550:hamsters
379:Pro-Test
142:Primates
5207:Rodents
5202:Rabbits
4347:(Italy)
4329:(Spain)
4323:(Italy)
4284:Parties
2773:Hunting
2727:Fishing
2386:Carnism
2135:Sources
2028:3328884
1827:4382984
1797:Bibcode
1729:4326966
1699:Bibcode
1424:1000245
1415:1690299
1364:3587220
1341:Bibcode
1169:7750387
862:C57BL/6
805:outbred
601:gestate
554:gerbils
530:Rodents
268:Covance
152:Rodents
147:Rabbits
5339:Harlan
5334:Envigo
5221:Issues
5034:
5007:(2003)
4988:(2014)
4980:(2014)
4972:(2008)
4964:(1991)
4956:(1987)
4944:Albums
4818:(2021)
4810:(2018)
4802:(2016)
4794:(2013)
4786:(2013)
4778:(2013)
4770:(2011)
4762:(2011)
4754:(2009)
4746:(2009)
4738:(2007)
4730:(2006)
4722:(2005)
4714:(2004)
4706:(2003)
4698:(2003)
4690:(2002)
4682:(2000)
4674:(2000)
4666:(1998)
4658:(1981)
4639:(2022)
4631:(2022)
4623:(2020)
4615:(2018)
4607:(2016)
4599:(2014)
4591:(2012)
4583:(2010)
4575:(2009)
4567:(2008)
4559:(2005)
4551:(2001)
4543:(1999)
4535:(1995)
4527:(1993)
4519:(1987)
4511:(1983)
4503:(1975)
4495:(1971)
4487:(1907)
4479:(1906)
4471:(1899)
4463:(1897)
4455:(1892)
4447:(1883)
4439:(1838)
4431:(1824)
4025:Groups
2480:Issues
2324:Ahimsa
2149:
2072:
2056:Nature
2026:
2018:
1983:
1956:
1936:Nature
1866:
1825:
1817:
1789:Nature
1761:
1727:
1719:
1691:Nature
1670:
1629:
1621:
1586:
1493:
1485:
1422:
1412:
1371:
1361:
1307:
1231:
1223:
1215:
1176:
1166:
1158:
987:
944:
857:BALB/c
793:septic
773:ICAM-3
730:toxins
272:Harlan
161:Issues
5472:SPEAK
5397:AALAS
5187:Frogs
5137:IACUC
4929:Satya
4647:Films
4412:Books
4234:Viva!
2862:Cases
2812:Other
2171:HOPES
2169:from
2070:S2CID
2024:S2CID
1823:S2CID
1747:(PDF)
1725:S2CID
1650:ALTEX
1627:S2CID
1566:ALTEX
1491:S2CID
1229:S2CID
1112:(PDF)
769:TLR10
765:IL-37
738:blood
626:by a
612:genes
349:FRAME
309:AALAS
204:Cases
137:Frogs
89:IACUC
5592:(EU)
5586:(US)
5580:(NZ)
5574:(UK)
5467:SHAC
5427:PETA
5392:AAAS
4174:L214
2894:SHAC
2147:ISBN
2016:PMID
1981:PMID
1954:PMID
1917:2015
1891:2015
1864:PMID
1815:PMID
1770:2015
1759:PMID
1717:PMID
1668:PMID
1619:PMID
1584:PMID
1547:2015
1521:2015
1483:PMID
1452:2015
1420:PMID
1369:PMID
1305:PMID
1263:2015
1221:PMID
1213:ISSN
1174:PMID
1156:ISSN
1120:2016
985:PMID
942:ISBN
761:IL-8
670:Rats
588:Mice
542:rats
540:and
538:mice
389:SHAC
364:PETA
314:AAAS
5432:ALF
5407:ALF
2060:doi
2008:doi
1944:doi
1940:464
1854:doi
1805:doi
1793:442
1707:doi
1695:483
1658:doi
1611:doi
1574:doi
1475:doi
1410:PMC
1400:doi
1359:PMC
1349:doi
1337:110
1295:doi
1205:doi
1201:194
1164:PMC
1146:doi
975:doi
829:in
703:.
319:ALF
5608::
2115:.
2090:.
2068:.
2058:.
2054:.
2022:.
2014:.
2004:12
2002:.
1977:43
1975:.
1952:.
1938:.
1934:.
1899:^
1862:.
1850:98
1848:.
1844:.
1821:.
1813:.
1803:.
1791:.
1787:.
1753:.
1749:.
1723:.
1715:.
1705:.
1693:.
1689:.
1666:.
1654:31
1652:.
1648:.
1625:.
1617:.
1605:.
1582:.
1570:31
1568:.
1564:.
1529:^
1503:^
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