Animal–industrial complex

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into the dominant societal beliefs and values, including a great deal of procapitalist and speciesist ideology. The devalued status of other animals is deeply ingrained; animals appear in schools merely as caged "pets," as dissection and vivisection subjects, and as lunch. On television and in movies, the unworthiness of other animals is evidenced by their virtual invisibility; when they do appear, they generally are marginalized, vilified, or objectified. Not surprisingly, these and numerous other sources of speciesism are so ideologically profound that those who raise compelling moral objections to animal oppression largely are dismissed, if not ridiculed.

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indicates, "slaughterhouse employment increases total arrest rates, arrests for violent crimes, arrests for rape, and arrests for other sex offenses in comparison with other industries". As authors from the PTSD Journal explain, "These employees are hired to kill animals, such as pigs and cows that are largely gentle creatures. Carrying out this action requires workers to disconnect from what they are doing and from the creature standing before them. This emotional dissonance can lead to consequences such as domestic violence, social withdrawal, anxiety, drug and alcohol abuse, and PTSD".

921:, and advertised through the media–industrial complex. Best estimates that up to 115 million animals are killed globally every year to produce these drugs, which force human victims to succumb to the medical–industrial complex for profit by treating only the symptoms. Any dissent by animal rights activists is criminalized by the security–industrial complex, which incarcerates many of the dissenters in the prison–industrial complex. Twine considers the AIC as a significant component of the broader global food system. 6860: 1107:, Meneka Repka cites Barbara Noski as saying that the commodification of nonhuman animals in food systems is directly linked to capitalist systems that prioritize "monopolistically inclined financial interests" over the well-being of humans, nonhumans, and the environment. Richard Twine furthers this stating that "corporate influences have had a direct interest through marketing, advertising, and flavour manipulation in constructing the consumption of animal products as a sensual material pleasure." 964:'s military–industrial complex warning, Stachowski states that the vast and powerful AIC determines what children eat because people have failed to "guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence" and that Eisenhower's parallels are strikingly similar to the AIC in that the complex involves "the very structure of our society" and completely influences the society's economic, political, and even spiritual spheres. Stachowski also states that the troika "hijacks" schoolchildren by promoting 69: 1031: 705: 6921: 399: 6933: 6613: 1027:, in order to reduce meat consumption, which can “translate not only into less heat, but also more space for biodiversity," the “massive planetary monopoly of industrial meat production . . . needs to be curbed.” They insist that this can be done while respecting the cultural traditions of indigenous peoples, for whom meat is an important source of protein. 757:. The exploitation of animals, argues Colin Salter, is not necessary to military–industrial complexes, but it is a foundational and central element of the military–industrial complex as it actually exists. One of the aims of the book as a whole was to argue for the abolition of the military-animal industrial complex and all wars. 1180:

consider as "environmental racism" wherein animals and animalized humans are symbolically paired, and as an economic rationale for the perpetuation of a specific prison population. According to Fitzgerald, this suggests a tendency toward psycho-social brutalization in such labor, which in turn jeopardize inmate rehabilitation.

1019:". In the US alone, over 20 million farm animals die during transport to slaughterhouses annually. The extensive use of land and other resources for the production of meat instead of grain for human consumption is a leading cause of malnutrition, hunger, and famine around the world. According to conservation biologists 1217:

protect their hearing from the constant screams of animals being killed. A 2004 study in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine found that "excess risks were observed for mortality from all causes, all cancers, and lung cancer" in workers employed in the New Zealand meat processing industry.

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Nibert argues that while it has its origins in the use of animals during the establishment of agricultural societies, the animal–industrial complex is ultimately "a predictable, insidious outgrowth of the capitalist system with its penchant for continuous expansion". According to Nibert, this complex

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operations. These slaughterhouses grew by exploiting vulnerable workforces, chiefly immigrants, who were undernourished, over-worked, poorly housed, and frequently sick, owing to the "macabre" nature of work as a result of the "assembly-line-style carnage" worsened by "the deafening squeals, bellows

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Referring to the animal–industrial complex intersectionally, both Noske and Twine acknowledge the complex's negative impact on human minorities and the environment. According to Kathleen Stachowski, the AIC "naturalizes the human as a consumer of other animals." The enormity of the AIC, according to

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indicates, "Regression analyses of data from 10,605 Danish workers across 44 occupations suggest that slaughterhouse workers consistently experience lower physical and psychological well-being along with increased incidences of negative coping behavior". A 2009 study by criminologist Amy Fitzgerald

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The animal–industrial complex involves commodification of animals under contemporary capitalism and includes every economic activity involving animals, such as food, animal research, entertainment, fashion, companionship, and so forth, all of which are seen as consequences of animal exploitations.

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Scholars argue that all kinds of animal production is rooted in speciesism, reducing animals to mere economic resources. Built on the production and slaughter of animals, the animal–industrial complex is perceived as the materialization of the institution of speciesism, with speciesism becoming "a

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The profound cultural devaluation of other animals that permits the violence that underlies the animal industrial complex is produced by far-reaching speciesist socialization. For instance, the system of primary and secondary education under the capitalist system largely indoctrinates young people

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The dramatic deforestation resulting from land conversion for agriculture and meat production could be reduced via adopting a diet that reduces meat consumption. Less meat can translate not only into less heat, but also more space for biodiversity . . . Although among many Indigenous populations,

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The worst thing, worse than the physical danger, is the emotional toll. If you work in the stick pit for any period of time—that let's you kill things but doesn't let you care. You may look a hog in the eye that's walking around in the blood pit with you and think, 'God, that really isn't a bad

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78 slaughter workers lost fingers, parts of fingers or limbs, more than 800 workers had serious injuries, and at least 4,500 had to take more than three days off after accidents. In a 2018 study in the Italian Journal of Food Safety, slaughterhouse workers are instructed to wear ear protectors to

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writes that a "cultural biography of things" would show animals "sliding in and out of commodity status and taking on different values for different people" as they make their way from their homes to the streets of Paris. Sociologist Rhoda Wilkie has used the term "sentient commodity" to describe

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In her book, Noske discusses the issue of health risks to human workers in slaughterhouses. Amy J. Fitzgerald points out to prison inmates in the United States and Canada being employed as a source of cheap labor in slaughtering and processing of animals, which scholars such as Robert R. Higgins

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According to Stallwood, the animal–industrial complex breeds animals in the billions in order to make products and services for human consumption, and all these animals are considered legal property of the animal–industrial complex. The animal–industrial complex is said to have transformed the

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by exploiting animals of the AIC in universities, military, and private vivisection laboratories and producing questionable research financed by the pharmaceutical–industrial complex for pharmaceutical capital. These drugs, which according to Best are dubiously researched, are then patented,

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later refined the concept, regarding it as the "partly opaque and multiple set of networks and relationships between the corporate (agricultural) sector, governments, and public and private science. With economic, cultural, social and affective dimensions it encompasses an extensive range of

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considers responses to such crises as representing "a search for anthropocentric solutions to an anthropocentric problem"—that is, improve the supply of meat rather than examine the practice of meat eating—and stresses a closer scrutiny of the problem and a possible rejection of

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since the 1990s because of public concern for animals. "Scientifically-certified welfare products," which Torssonen calls "sellfare," are "producible and salable at various points in the commodity chain," subject to competition like any other commodity. Social scientist

653:. In the words of Nibert, the Chicago slaughterhouses were significant economic powers of the early 20th century and were "famous for the cruel, rapid-paced killing and disassembly of enormous numbers of animals." To elucidate animal–industrial complex, Stallwood cites 956:

happening within the dairy industry. Scholars note that while critical animal theory acknowledges the universities' position as centers of knowledge production, it also states that the academy plays a problematic role of being a crucial mechanism within the AIC.

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and decreasing government intervention, favouring transnational corporations and global capital." According to Stallwood, two milestones mark the shift in human attitudes toward animals that empowered the animal–industrial complex, namely, Chicago and

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and animals. The creation of ranching operations led to intrusions onto Native American lands and violent displacement of the people in them in order to accommodate the growing numbers of oppressed animals, which in turn resulted in the creation of

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defines the animal–industrial complex as "a massive network that includes grain producers, ranching operations, slaughterhouse and packaging firms, fast food and chain restaurants, and the state," which he claims "has deep roots in world history."

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explains that all these industrial complexes interrelate with and reinforce the AIC by "exploiting the nonhuman animal slaves" of the AIC. For instance, the academic–industrial complex conducts research for the medical–industrial complex and

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Scholars state that throughout history the oppression of exploited animals supported the oppression and exploitation of humans, and vice versa. The resulting change from one form of the control of state power to another, such as the older

1045:, another component of the AIC, is responsible to the immense suffering of hundreds of millions of nonhuman animals annually, and the deaths of at least 115 million animals. While the public is increasingly aware of this, chiefly due to 717:

already confused relationship between human and non-human animals, significantly increasing the consumption and threatening human survival, and the pervasive nature of the animal–industrial complex is such that it evades attention.

1115:

this view of how the conception of animals as commodities can shift depending on whether a human being forms a relationship with them. Geographers Rosemary-Claire Collard and Jessica Dempsey use the term "lively commodities."

573:, saying that animals "have become reduced to mere appendages of computers and machines." The expression relates the practices, organizations, and overall industry that turns animals into food and other commodities to the 1660: 1141:

being replaced by rising capitalism, was "every bit as violent and oppressive" as the former. The state-supported profit-driven capitalist expansion, for instance, was responsible for the killing and displacement of

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argues that, while there is no immanent right for animals or humans to not be commodified, there are strong practical reasons to oppose any commodification of animals, not just that which is cruel or egregious.

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Moreover, we have unleashed a mass extinction event, the sixth in roughly 540 million years, wherein many current life forms could be annihilated or at least committed to extinction by the end of this century.

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The AIC essentially refers to the triple helix of influential, powerful systems that control knowledge systems about meat production, namely, the government, the corporate sphere, and the academy.

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looking animal.' You may want to pet it. Pigs down on the kill floor have come up to nuzzle me like a puppy. Two minutes later I had to kill them - beat them to death with a pipe. I can't care.

944:

Stachowski, includes "its long reach into our lives, and how well it has done its job normalizing brutality toward the animals whose very existence is forgotten." She states that the corporate

2583: 1007:, and dogs and cats eaten in Asia. All told, around 166 to over 200 billion land and aquatic animals are killed every year to provide humans with animal products for consumption, which some 4493: 190: 846:, John Sanbonmatsu argues that speciesism is not ignorance or the absence of a moral code towards animals, but is a mode of production and material system imbricated with capitalism. 2163: 1212:, the largest meat producer in America, is injured and amputates a finger or limb per month. The Bureau of Investigative Journalism reported that over a period of six years, in the 6012: 1688: 3466:

Baran, B. E.; Rogelberg, S. G.; Clausen, T (2016). "Routinized killing of animals: Going beyond dirty work and prestige to understand the well-being of slaughterhouse workers".

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The act of slaughtering animals, or of raising or transporting animals for slaughter, may engender psychological stress or trauma in the people involved. A 2016 study in

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meat consumption represents a cultural tradition and a source of protein, it is the massive planetary monopoly of industrial meat production that needs to be curbed

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Nocella, Anthony J. (2014). "A critical animal and peace studies argument to ending all wars". In Salter, Colin; Nocella, Anthony J.; Bentley, Judy K. C. (eds.).

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If the idea of an animal industrial complex seemed a bit outlandish—maybe even a little paranoid—to anyone a few paragraphs back, perhaps now? … not so much.

3256: 2963: 5839: 5783: 900:, vivisection–industrial complex, cosmetic–industrial complex, entertainment–industrial complex, academic–industrial complex, security–industrial complex, 5510: 999:

in the planet's history. This number excludes aquatic animals killed for food and non-food uses, which amounts to about 103.6 billion annually, and also

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is so destructive in its pursuit of resources such as land and water to rear all of these animals as a source of profit that it warrants comparisons to

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Repka, Meneka (2019). Nocella Ii, Anthony J; Drew, Carolyn; George, Amber E; Ketenci, Sinem; Lupinacci, John; Purdy, Ian; Leeson-Schatz, Joe (eds.).

6279: 6044: 4301: 3852: 3015: 1297: 30: 3892: 3794: 972: 2833: 3969: 3441: 3337: 1567:

Salter, Colin (2014). "Introducing the military-animal industrial complex". In Salter, Colin; Nocella, Anthony J.; Bentley, Judy K. C. (eds.).

893: 6180: 5768: 5693: 4105: 3882: 3837: 3733: 3691: 2724: 2674: 1751: 1682: 1526: 1461: 1347: 1267: 88: 3571: 753:, explored the connections between the animal–industrial complex and the military–industrial complex, proposing and analysing the idea of a 5911: 5450: 4198: 3389: 2988: 2198: 3623: 3364:"A Slaughterhouse Nightmare: Psychological Harm Suffered by Slaughterhouse Employees and the Possibility of Redress through Legal Reform" 1198:

reports that pig and cattle slaughterhouse workers are nearly seven times more likely to suffer repetitive strain injuries than average.

6335: 4545: 2899: 1248:, slaughterhouse workers were observed not being allowed breaks, were often required to wear diapers, and were paid below minimum wage. 1147: 422: 6460: 5803: 5713: 3714: 2878: 2296: 2259: 1949: 1433: 1016: 948:, the government, and schools forms the animal–industrial complex troika of immense influence, which hides from the public's view the 935: 930: 674: 6528: 6004: 5964: 5887: 5844: 5698: 5623: 5102: 3857: 3847: 3763: 3503:"Slaughterhouses and Increased Crime Rates: An Empirical Analysis of the Spillover From "The Jungle" Into the Surrounding Community" 663:, which explicitly describes the mistreatment of animals during their lives until they end up at the slaughterhouse. He also quotes 449:) is a concept used by activists and scholars to describe what they contend is the systematic and institutionalized exploitation of 6172: 5823: 5653: 5480: 4555: 4550: 3980: 1065: 574: 6953: 6140: 5893: 5778: 4992: 4578: 4473: 2028: 1272: 283: 145: 897: 732:

to a projected 9 billion by the middle of the century, meat production is expected to increase by 40%. Nibert further states,

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Slaughterhouses in the United States commonly illegally employ and exploit underage workers and illegal immigrants. In 2010,

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argue that the animal–industrial complex is both a consequence and cause of speciesism, which according to them is a form of

415: 3597: 1935: 1419: 901: 589: 6958: 6646: 5753: 5638: 4463: 3995: 826:. They also argue that the obfuscation of meat's animal origins is a critical part of the animal–industrial complex under 6911: 2143: 892:, and the like), intersecting with various other industrial complexes that involves exploitation of animals, such as the 6883: 5855: 5813: 5633: 5032: 3963: 3908: 1810: 1277: 918: 313: 254: 162: 1194:

American slaughterhouse workers are three times more likely to suffer serious injury than the average American worker.

6963: 6311: 6100: 5728: 5678: 4367: 3842: 3787: 1656: 1514: 1486: 1100: 1094: 1076:. According to Charlotte Blattner et al., the COVID-19 crisis revealed the AIC as "a vast and unstoppable machinery." 580: 3209:"Slaughtering for a living: A hermeneutic phenomenological perspective on the well-being of slaughterhouse employees" 2886:

Gillespie, Kathryn (2015). "Animal Oppression & Human Violence: Domesecration, Capitalism, and Global Conflict".

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practices, technologies, images, identities and markets." Twine also discusses the overlap between the AIC and other

3548: 6553: 6425: 6220: 6156: 6092: 5743: 5703: 5673: 4806: 4801: 4203: 664: 545:), and so forth. Proponents of the term claim that activities described by the term differ from individual acts of 3040: 2864: 6537: 6375: 6212: 5648: 4947: 4866: 4726: 4306: 3166:

Slaughterhouse: : The Shocking Story of Greed, Neglect, And Inhumane Treatment Inside the U.S. Meat Industry

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in the K-12 nutrition education curriculum and making them "eat the products of industrial animal production."

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Steinfeld, Henning; Gerber, Pierre; Wassenaar, Tom; Castel, Vincent; Rosales, Mauricio; de Haan, Cees (2006),

6588: 6359: 6263: 6076: 6052: 5929: 5808: 5763: 5658: 5545: 5354: 4035: 3953: 3683: 3180:"Sheep farmer who felt so guilty about driving his lambs to slaughter rescues them and becomes a vegetarian" 2243: 1941: 1425: 1156:

and bleating of terrified animals" being slaughtered. Starting in the 1980s, large food companies including

913: 746: 542: 6616: 6561: 6108: 5683: 5643: 5597: 5515: 5470: 5339: 4997: 4982: 4636: 4213: 3832: 3780: 2162:

Ripple WJ, Wolf C, Newsome TM, Galetti M, Alamgir M, Crist E, Mahmoud MI, Laurance WF (13 November 2017).

2116: 1169: 1054: 987:, and the killing of more than 60 billion non-human land animals annually, ultimately contributing to the 750: 138: 123: 68: 50: 2313: 612:

of animals began, it was only since 1945 that the complex began to grow significantly under contemporary

6878: 6755: 6367: 6188: 6148: 6060: 6020: 5941: 5935: 5748: 4937: 4902: 4488: 4387: 4296: 4135: 4025: 3990: 1655:; Taylor, Nik (2014). "The cultural hegemony of meat and the animal industrial complex". In Nik Taylor; 1292: 866: 562: 510: 454: 237: 200: 195: 6859: 5037: 5022: 2601:

Maxmen A (April 2021). "WHO report into COVID pandemic origins zeroes in on animal markets, not labs".

1652: 807: 3338:"Psychological Distress Among Slaughterhouse Workers Warrants Further Study - SPH - Boston University" 6745: 6391: 6196: 6124: 5875: 5818: 5688: 5540: 5525: 5399: 5304: 5264: 5259: 5112: 4334: 4175: 3943: 3923: 3390:"'I couldn't look them in the eye': Farmer who couldn't slaughter his cows is turning his farm vegan" 2610: 1073: 992: 961: 318: 2700:

Elephant slaves and pampered parrots: Exotic animals and their meanings in eighteenth-century France

38:, which scholars such as Barbara Noske state is part of the animal–industrial complex. According to 6485: 6432: 5849: 5460: 5077: 5072: 4952: 4927: 4646: 4503: 4392: 4286: 4281: 2895: 1592: 988: 980: 694: 650: 155: 2251: 771: 6383: 6204: 6028: 5905: 5881: 5793: 5419: 4831: 4324: 4276: 4266: 4077: 3985: 3706: 3522: 3483: 3286: 2919: 2769: 2680: 2634: 2458: 2450: 2280: 1999: 1838: 1784: 1735: 1727: 1241: 1204:

reports that on average there are two amputations a week involving slaughterhouse workers in the

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as the ideological anchor of the intersecting networks of the animal–industrial complex, such as

646: 585: 534: 530: 276: 261: 103: 6499: 6446: 6036: 5495: 4841: 3744: 3502: 1971: 1244:

described slaughterhouse line work in the United States as a human rights crime. In a report by

811: 704: 2741: 2656: 1769:"Disconnection & Demonisation: COVID-19 Shows Why We Need to Stop Commodifying All Animals" 1492:"Revealing the 'animal-industrial complex'—A concept & method for Critical Animal Studies?" 6569: 6343: 6303: 6255: 6247: 6132: 5899: 5798: 5773: 5738: 5485: 5394: 5334: 5254: 4706: 4681: 4671: 4651: 4377: 4261: 4170: 4005: 3759: 3740: 3729: 3710: 3687: 3238: 3146: 3097: 2911: 2874: 2807: 2795: 2761: 2720: 2714: 2670: 2626: 2565: 2509: 2399: 2292: 2255: 1991: 1945: 1886: 1830: 1747: 1678: 1612: 1522: 1457: 1429: 1407: 1343: 1337: 1124: 1069: 984: 835: 729: 669: 630: 118: 2235: 6513: 6239: 5788: 5455: 5359: 5324: 5314: 5244: 5107: 5047: 5002: 4967: 4871: 4826: 4766: 4716: 4540: 4498: 4458: 4428: 4418: 4413: 4352: 4155: 3918: 3887: 3514: 3475: 3311:"There's a Christmas crisis going on: no one wants to kill your dinner - Chas Newkey-Burden" 3281: 3228: 3220: 3136: 3128: 3087: 3079: 2903: 2753: 2662: 2618: 2555: 2547: 2499: 2442: 2389: 2381: 2284: 2247: 2188: 2180: 2049: 2039: 1983: 1927: 1876: 1822: 1776: 1739: 1670: 1620: 1604: 1173: 1030: 996: 726: 478: 361: 185: 35: 6937: 6920: 6893: 6327: 5435: 5389: 5384: 5239: 5204: 5189: 5127: 5017: 4962: 4942: 4881: 4791: 4701: 4641: 4616: 4271: 4145: 3726:

Defining Critical Animal Studies: An Intersectional Social Justice Approach for Liberation

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Although the origin of the animal–industrial complex can be traced back to the time when

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Education for Total Liberation: Critical Animal Pedagogy and Teaching Against Speciesism

2614: 2117:"Greenwashing the Animal-Industrial Complex: Sustainable Intensification and Happy Meat" 1593:"Wildlife Trade and COVID-19: Towards a Criminology of Anthropogenic Pathogen Spillover" 6925: 6705: 6688: 6673: 6662: 6271: 6068: 5668: 5570: 5500: 5490: 5414: 5344: 5329: 5274: 5199: 5174: 5122: 5067: 5027: 4932: 4922: 4897: 4811: 4741: 4666: 4606: 4478: 4408: 4253: 4228: 4185: 4160: 4150: 4125: 4085: 4040: 3948: 3233: 3208: 3141: 3116: 3092: 3067: 2560: 2535: 2426: 2394: 2367: 1625: 1161: 1152: 1111: 1077: 976: 953: 945: 815: 803: 722: 654: 592:, entertainment–industrial complex, and pharmaceutical–industrial complex. Sociologist 546: 526: 506: 502: 474: 403: 333: 293: 249: 150: 83: 6932: 6947: 6844: 6710: 6545: 5663: 5530: 5505: 5440: 5409: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5349: 5319: 5234: 5209: 5179: 5082: 5052: 4907: 4861: 4856: 4821: 4816: 4771: 4756: 4736: 4711: 4676: 4656: 4621: 4524: 4357: 4100: 4060: 3958: 3928: 3803: 3526: 3487: 3363: 2923: 2773: 2684: 2638: 2231: 2029:"The "V" Word: An Inquiry into Vegan Student Experience in Calgarian Schools (p. 62)" 2003: 1931: 1842: 1788: 1449: 1415: 1287: 1262: 1245: 1205: 1143: 1110:

Writing about wild animals being imported into France in the 18th century, historian

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Animal Oppression and Human Violence: Domesecration, Capitalism, and Global Conflict

2462: 6812: 5723: 5565: 5555: 5404: 5379: 5289: 5284: 5269: 5229: 5219: 5092: 5012: 5007: 4987: 4977: 4972: 4912: 4851: 4846: 4796: 4786: 4776: 4686: 4611: 4468: 4423: 4382: 4344: 4329: 4291: 4110: 4090: 4010: 3315: 2937: 2860: 2838: 2488:"Covid-19 and Capital: Labour Studies and Nonhuman Animals – A Roundtable Dialogue" 1403: 1200: 1012: 877: 698: 690: 638: 593: 538: 373: 242: 3416:"Meet The Former Livestock Agent Who Started An International Vegan Food Business" 2907: 2661:. Radical Animal Studies and Total Liberation (1 ed.). New York: Peter Lang. 1928:"Introduction: Pathologies of Power and the Rise of the Global Industrial Complex" 2551: 1743: 6898: 6817: 6797: 6792: 6770: 6760: 6735: 6730: 6715: 6678: 6287: 5733: 5560: 5550: 5535: 5475: 5309: 5214: 5184: 5159: 5097: 5087: 4876: 4761: 4746: 4731: 4696: 4691: 4661: 4631: 4626: 4438: 4372: 4243: 4218: 4115: 4020: 4015: 1923: 1411: 1282: 1209: 1165: 1138: 1042: 908: 889: 862: 783: 522: 498: 490: 288: 227: 3649: 2622: 2486:

Blattner, Charlotte; Coulter, Kendra; Wadiwel, Dinesh; Kasprzycka, Eva (2021).

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Political scientist Sami Torssonen argues that animal welfare has itself been

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Nocella II, Anthony J.; Sorenson, John; Socha, Kim; Matsuoka, Atsuko (2014).

3518: 3479: 2915: 2811: 2765: 2584:"WHO Points To Wildlife Farms In Southern China As Likely Source Of Pandemic" 2513: 2446: 1995: 1987: 1890: 1834: 1616: 42:, animals "have become reduced to mere appendages of computers and machines." 6888: 6802: 6740: 6725: 6720: 6693: 6492: 6351: 5947: 5718: 5194: 5169: 5057: 4836: 4781: 4433: 4233: 4140: 4120: 4095: 4030: 3755: 3132: 2184: 1666: 1519:

Animals as Biotechnology: Ethics, Sustainability and Critical Animal Studies

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regimes. Speciesism results in the belief that humans have the right to use

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and explains how the disassembly of animals in the slaughterhouses inspired

678: 482: 383: 328: 3242: 3150: 3101: 3083: 2630: 2569: 2487: 2403: 2385: 2342:"More than 20 million farm animals die on way to abattoir in US every year" 2044: 1865:"The Bio-Politics of Bees: Industrial Farming and Colony Collapse Disorder" 3224: 2504: 2288: 1728:"Critical Animal Pedagogies: Re-learning Our Relations with Animal Others" 1674: 1608: 1521:. Science in Society Series. New York: Earthscan (Routledge). p. 17. 1176:, around 25,000 people are working as virtual slaves for cattle ranchers. 1060:

Scholars argue that the animal–industrial complex is also responsible for

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Livestock/Deadstock: Working with Farm Animals from Birth to Slaughter

2368:"Circling the drain: the extinction crisis and the future of humanity" 2054: 620:

claims that the animal–industrial complex is "an integral part of the

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International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being

2834:"There's no such thing as humane meat or eggs. Stop kidding yourself" 1257: 823: 819: 514: 271: 3257:"Working 'The Chain,' Slaughterhouse Workers Face Lifelong Injuries" 2964:"Working 'The Chain,' Slaughterhouse Workers Face Lifelong Injuries" 1768: 3752:

The rise of Critical Animal Studies. From the Margins to the Centre

3016:"America's Largest Meat Producer Averages One Amputation Per Month" 2757: 2666: 2534:

Sun J, He WT, Wang L, Lai A, Ji X, Zhai X, et al. (May 2020).

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One of the primary impacts of the animal–industrial complex is the

1011:

and animal rights activists, among them Steven Best and journalist

6824: 6787: 6782: 6683: 6631: 3068:"Noise assessment in slaughterhouses by means of a smartphone app" 1029: 934: 853: 703: 462: 2277:

The Politics of Total Liberation: Revolution for the 21st Century

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and its networks, or the agro-industrial complex (which includes

6829: 5758: 3772: 3442:"A Call to Action: Psychological Harm in Slaughterhouse Workers" 2989:"Two amputations a week: the cost of working in a US meat plant" 795: 518: 494: 458: 6635: 5985: 5595: 4576: 3814: 3776: 2240:

Permissible Progeny?: The Morality of Procreation and Parenting

1454:

Humans and Other Animals: Beyond the Boundaries of Anthropology

549:

in that they constitute institutionalized animal exploitation.

6849: 6700: 2587: 1195: 266: 3680:

Critical Animal Studies: Towards Trans-species Social Justice

1068:(mad cow disease) owing to beef consumption, and the ongoing 973:

animal agriculture has been implicated in environmental harms

3117:"Mortality and cancer incidence in New Zealand meat workers" 2366:

Dirzo, Rodolfo; Ceballos, Gerardo; Ehrlich, Paul R. (2022).

1811:"The Personal as Political in the Animal Industrial Complex" 1732:

The Palgrave International Handbook of Alternative Education

6834: 3728:. Institute for Critical Animal Studies. Bern: Peter Lang. 2719:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 115–128. 1408:"Origins and Consequences of the Animal Industrial Complex" 1213: 1168:

moved most slaughterhouse operations to rural areas of the

2145:

Livestock's Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options

2087:"The Animal-Industrial Complex: The Monster in Our Midst" 4494:

University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid

3572:"America's Worst Graveyard Shift Is Grinding Up Workers" 2164:"World Scientists' Warning to Humanity: A Second Notice" 1647: 1645: 1643: 1172:

which were more hostile to unionization efforts. In the

1053:, the AIC lobbies against animal welfare regulation and 3066:

Francesca Iulietto, Maria; Sechi, Paola (3 July 2018).

2702:. Madison: University of Wisconsin–Madison. p. 10. 1930:. In Steven Best; Richard Kahn; Anthony J. Nocella II; 1965: 1963: 1961: 1342:. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Canadian Scholars' Press. 6909: 6013:

Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes

1721: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1705: 27:

Systematic, institutionalized exploitation of animals

3041:"Revealed: Shocking safety record of UK meat plants" 2022: 2020: 1937:

The Global Industrial Complex: Systems of Domination

1421:

The Global Industrial Complex: Systems of Domination

917:

fast-tracked into market sales with the help of the

6580: 6527: 6477: 6417: 6410: 6231: 5996: 5957: 5868: 5832: 5616: 5609: 5428: 5152: 5145: 4890: 4599: 4590: 4533: 4512: 4451: 4401: 4343: 4315: 4252: 4184: 4076: 4069: 3901: 3825: 2742:"Life for Sale? The Politics of Lively Commodities" 2740:Collard, Rosemary-Claire; Dempsey, Jessica (2013). 1726:Dinker, Karin Gunnarsson; Pedersen, Helena (2016). 3121:Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2481: 2479: 1490: 3541:"The Psychological Damage of Slaughterhouse Work" 2373:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 2080: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2036:PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository 1339:Critical Animal Studies: Thinking the Unthinkable 3873:List of international animal welfare conventions 3207:Victor, Karen; Barnard, Antoni (20 April 2016). 1918: 1916: 1914: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1586: 1584: 1582: 6165:An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory 1219: 838:, which is so pervasive in the modern society. 734: 2238:. In S. Hannan; S. Brennan; R. Vernon (eds.). 2226: 2224: 2222: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1325: 1323: 1321: 1319: 1317: 1315: 1313: 6647: 3788: 3754:. Routledge Advances in Sociology. New York: 3598:"Exploitation and Abuse at the Chicken Plant" 2942:Occupational Safety and Health Administration 2746:Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 2236:"The Misanthropic Argument for Anti-natalism" 1540: 1538: 1398: 1396: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1190:Labor rights in American meatpacking industry 423: 8: 3878:Moral status of animals in the ancient world 2650: 2648: 2421: 2419: 2417: 1562: 1560: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1376: 1374: 1372: 1370: 1368: 1366: 1062:spreading of diseases from animals to humans 485:and other animal products), clothing (e.g., 5840:Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society 5784:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals 3816:Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases) 2121:3rd ISA Forum of Sociology, Vienna, Austria 1481: 1479: 1477: 1475: 1473: 689:in factories and how it further influenced 6654: 6640: 6632: 6414: 5993: 5982: 5613: 5606: 5592: 5149: 4596: 4587: 4573: 4073: 3822: 3811: 3795: 3781: 3773: 1970:Núria Almiron and Natalie Khazaal (2016). 430: 416: 45: 5987:Media (books, films, periodicals, albums) 5924:Human Environment Animal Protection Party 3678:Matsuoka, Atsuko; Sorenson, John (2018). 3232: 3140: 3091: 2559: 2503: 2393: 2252:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199378111.003.0002 2192: 2053: 2043: 1880: 1730:. In Helen E. Lees; Nel Noddings (eds.). 1624: 6045:Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology 4302:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals 3309:Newkey-Burden, Chas (19 November 2018). 2498:(1). University of Wollongong: 240–272. 1049:, testaments of scientists, and growing 29: 6916: 3893:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare 1603:(3). Oxford University Press: 607–626. 1414:; Richard Kahn; Anthony J. Nocella II; 1309: 57: 3970:Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness 3045:The Bureau of Investigative Journalism 2027:Thirukkumaran, Meneka Rosanna (2017). 1001:male chicks killed in the egg industry 842:mode of production." In his 2011 book 6181:Political Animals and Animal Politics 5769:Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition 5694:Centre for Animals and Social Justice 4106:Concentrated animal feeding operation 3883:Timeline of animal welfare and rights 3838:Animal rights by country or territory 3501:Fitzgerald, A. J.; Kalof, L. (2009). 2085:Stachowski, Kathleen (12 June 2012). 1773:Social Sciences & Humanities Open 1298:World Scientists' Warning to Humanity 1268:Concentrated animal feeding operation 844:Critical Theory and Animal Liberation 7: 5912:Animalist Party with the Environment 4199:Animal testing on non-human primates 3750:Taylor, Nik; Twine, Richard (2014). 3440:Lebwohl, Michael (25 January 2016). 3362:Dillard, Jennifer (September 2007). 1072:. whose origin can be traced to the 624:, transnational order of increasing 513:), tourism and entertainment (e.g., 6336:Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home 4546:World Day for the End of Speciesism 3570:Waldman, Peter (29 December 2017). 2900:Association of American Geographers 2314:"A Haven From the Animal Holocaust" 1662:The Rise of Critical Animal Studies 1497:Journal for Critical Animal Studies 1101:commodification of nonhuman animals 1089:Commodification of nonhuman animals 457:, such as the food industry (e.g., 455:economic activity involving animals 6461:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism 5804:United Activists for Animal Rights 5714:Doctors Against Animal Experiments 3853:Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies 1597:The British Journal of Criminology 931:Holocaust analogy in animal rights 755:military-animal industrial complex 25: 6005:On Abstinence from Eating Animals 5965:Animal Rights National Conference 5888:Animal Protection Party of Canada 5845:Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society 5699:Chinese Animal Protection Network 5624:American Anti-Vivisection Society 5103:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann 3858:Animal rights in Indian religions 3848:Animal rights and punk subculture 3622:Varia, Nisha (11 December 2010). 3115:McLean, D; Cheng, S (June 2004). 2115:Boscardin, Livia (12 July 2016). 939:Male chicks prepared to be killed 894:pharmaceutical–industrial complex 884:, the meat and dairy industries, 6931: 6919: 6858: 6612: 6611: 6173:Animal Rights Without Liberation 5824:Voice for Animals Humane Society 4556:World Day for the End of Fishing 4551:World Day for Laboratory Animals 3981:Equal consideration of interests 3703:Animal Oppression and Capitalism 3014:Lewis, Cora (18 February 2018). 2832:Reese, Jacy (16 November 2018). 2752:(11). SAGE Journals: 2682–2699. 2340:Kevany, Sophie (June 15, 2022). 2312:Hedges, Chris (August 3, 2015). 1066:bovine spongiform encephalopathy 876:The AIC is implicated in animal 397: 67: 5894:Animal Justice Party of Finland 5779:Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics 4993:Karl Christian Friedrich Krause 4581:(academics, writers, activists) 4474:Monkey selfie copyright dispute 3596:Grabell, Michael (1 May 2017). 2441:(1). SAGE Publications: 26–51. 1273:Golden Triangle of Meat-packing 6117:Animals, Property, and the Law 4194:Alternatives to animal testing 3863:Christianity and animal rights 3507:Organization & Environment 3388:S, Serina; hu (2 March 2018). 3072:Italian Journal of Food Safety 2962:Lowe, Peggy (11 August 2016). 2435:Organization & Environment 1863:Nimmo, Richie (6 March 2015). 1208:. On average, one employee of 1105:Education for Total Liberation 1034:Dead infant pigs at a hog farm 741:Contributors to the 2013 book 677:treatment of animals with the 501:), labor and transport (e.g., 1: 5754:Korea Animal Rights Advocates 4464:Cambridge University primates 3996:Ethics of uncertain sentience 3446:The Yale Global Health Review 2908:10.1080/2325548x.2015.1015914 2794:Torssonen, Sami (Fall 2015). 1982:(3). SAGE Journals: 256–275. 1976:American Behavioral Scientist 477:(e.g., academic, industrial, 6884:List of domesticated animals 5814:UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics 3964:Argument from marginal cases 3282:"PTSD in the Slaughterhouse" 2552:10.1016/j.molmed.2020.02.008 2540:Trends in Molecular Medicine 1744:10.1057/978-1-137-41291-1_27 1278:List of industrial complexes 919:Food and Drug Administration 761:Relationship with speciesism 6101:Morals, Reason, and Animals 5729:Farm Animal Rights Movement 5679:Anonymous for the Voiceless 4368:International primate trade 3843:Anarchism and animal rights 3701:Nibert, David, ed. (2017). 2698:Robbins, Louise E. (1998). 1184:Negative effects on workers 1095:Commodity status of animals 1003:, marine animals killed as 575:military–industrial complex 6980: 6221:Making a Stand for Animals 6093:The Case for Animal Rights 5744:Hunt Saboteurs Association 5704:Cruelty Free International 5674:Anti-Vivisection Coalition 4204:Animal testing regulations 2623:10.1038/d41586-021-00865-8 2093:. Encyclopaedia Britannica 1767:Arcari, Paula (May 2020). 1591:Beirne, Piers (May 2021). 1187: 1092: 928: 898:medical–industrial complex 764: 6867: 6856: 6669: 6607: 6376:The Ghosts in Our Machine 6213:Animal Ethics in the Wild 5992: 5981: 5649:Animal Legal Defense Fund 5605: 5591: 4948:William Hamilton Drummond 4586: 4572: 4307:Welfare of farmed insects 3934:Animal–industrial complex 3821: 3810: 3164:Eisnitz, Gail A. (1997). 2871:Columbia University Press 2713:Wilkie, Rhoda M. (2010). 2038:. University of Calgary. 1882:10.52537/humanimalia.9909 1827:10.1163/15685306-12341563 902:prison–industrial complex 590:prison–industrial complex 559:animal–industrial complex 531:animals held in captivity 443:Animal–industrial complex 181:Animal–industrial complex 18:Animal industrial complex 6454:Journal of Animal Ethics 6320:Your Mommy Kills Animals 5709:Direct Action Everywhere 5118:Johann Heinrich Winckler 5063:Nathaniel Peabody Rogers 4520:Direct Action Everywhere 4224:Huntingdon Life Sciences 4209:Labcorp Drug Development 4166:Feedback (pork industry) 4131:Intensive animal farming 3868:History of animal rights 3684:Rowman & Littlefield 3519:10.1177/1350508416629456 3480:10.1177/1350508416629456 2447:10.1177/0921810697101007 1988:10.1177/0002764215613402 1942:Rowman & Littlefield 1426:Rowman & Littlefield 1023:, Gerardo Ceballos, and 1015:, have described as an " 571:Humans and Other Animals 561:was coined by the Dutch 6589:Holocaust on your Plate 6360:An Apology to Elephants 6141:Do Animals Have Rights? 6077:Animals, Men and Morals 6053:Better-World Philosophy 5930:Italian Animalist Party 5809:United Poultry Concerns 5764:Last Chance for Animals 5659:Animal Liberation Front 5546:Maud Ingersoll Probasco 4036:Replaceability argument 3954:Animal-free agriculture 3342:School of Public Health 3133:10.1136/oem.2003.010587 2888:The AAG Review of Books 2244:Oxford University Press 1336:Sorenson, John (2014). 888:, poultry, apiculture, 747:critical animal studies 708:In the slaughterhouse, 643:intensive factory farms 637:from 1865 and the post– 563:cultural anthropologist 543:artificial insemination 6954:Animal rights movement 6562:Salvation of Innocents 6109:Zoos and Animal Rights 5684:Beauty Without Cruelty 5644:Animal Justice Project 4983:John Zephaniah Holwell 4637:Stephen St. C. Bostock 4214:Great ape research ban 3833:Animal rights movement 3576:Bloomberg Businessweek 3084:10.4081/ijfs.2018.7053 2492:Animal Studies Journal 2386:10.1098/rstb.2021.0378 1734:(1 ed.). London: 1230: 1170:Southern United States 1132:Exploitation of humans 1064:such as the spread of 1055:animal rights activism 1035: 940: 872: 751:critical peace studies 739: 713: 511:remote control animals 43: 6879:Human uses of animals 6756:Search and rescue dog 6581:Fairs and exhibitions 6468:The Animals' Defender 6440:Cahiers antispécistes 6368:Speciesism: The Movie 6189:Animal (De)liberation 6149:Striking at the Roots 6061:The Universal Kinship 6021:The Rights of Animals 5942:People Animals Nature 5936:Party for the Animals 5749:In Defense of Animals 5511:Nina Douglas-Hamilton 4903:David Renaud Boullier 4489:Silver Spring monkeys 4388:Wild animal suffering 4297:Pain in invertebrates 4136:Intensive pig farming 4026:Opposition to hunting 3991:Ethics of eating meat 3225:10.3402/qhw.v11.30266 2968:National Public Radio 2505:10.14453/asj.v10i1.10 2289:10.1057/9781137440723 2275:Best, Steven (2014). 2185:10.1093/biosci/bix125 1821:(5). Brill: 545–550. 1815:Society & Animals 1809:Porter, Pete (2018). 1675:10.4324/9780203797631 1293:Meat packing industry 1188:Further information: 1033: 938: 857: 707: 641:developments such as 604:Origin and properties 33: 6959:Industrial complexes 6746:Military working dog 6197:Sentientist Politics 6125:The Lives of Animals 5876:Animal Justice Party 5689:Born Free Foundation 5526:Lizzy Lind af Hageby 5400:Wendy Turner-Webster 5113:Adam Gottlieb Weigen 4335:Recreational fishing 4176:Ventilation shutdown 3944:Animal protectionism 3924:Animal consciousness 3624:"Rights on the Line" 2896:Taylor & Francis 2123:. ISAConf.confex.com 2045:10.11575/PRISM/28421 1781:10.2139/ssrn.3599772 1738:. pp. 415–430. 1428:. pp. 197–209. 1074:wet markets in China 962:Dwight D. Eisenhower 586:industrial complexes 453:. It includes every 319:Animal protectionism 6621:( 139 ) 6447:Etica & Animali 6433:Between the Species 6157:An American Trilogy 5850:Humanitarian League 5461:Frances Power Cobbe 5078:Arthur Schopenhauer 5073:Henry Stephens Salt 4953:Edward Payson Evans 4647:Stephen R. L. Clark 4504:War of the currents 4393:Wildlife management 4287:Pain in crustaceans 4282:Pain in cephalopods 3168:. Prometheus Books. 2615:2021Natur.592..173M 2204:on 15 December 2019 1944:. pp. ix–xxv. 1609:10.1093/bjc/azaa084 989:Holocene extinction 981:ocean acidification 971:A part of the AIC, 695:concentration camps 651:xenotransplantation 481:), medicine (e.g., 6964:Animals and humans 6384:Unlocking the Cage 6205:Wild Animal Ethics 6029:The Ethics of Diet 5906:Animalist Movement 5882:Animal Politics EU 5794:Sentience Politics 5420:That Vegan Teacher 5038:Siobhan O'Sullivan 5023:José Ferrater Mora 4832:Steve F. Sapontzis 4325:Commercial fishing 4277:Pain in amphibians 4267:Cruelty to animals 4239:Operation Backfire 4078:Animal agriculture 3986:Emotion in animals 3707:Praeger Publishing 3650:"Live on the Live" 3648:Grabell, Michael. 3628:Human Rights Watch 3287:The Texas Observer 2281:Palgrave Macmillan 1736:Palgrave Macmillan 1653:Fitzgerald, Amy J. 1242:Human Rights Watch 1148:indigenous peoples 1036: 941: 882:animal agriculture 873: 714: 687:assembling of cars 647:industrial fishing 535:selective breeding 404:Animals portal 44: 6907: 6906: 6629: 6628: 6622: 6603: 6602: 6599: 6598: 6570:Onward to Freedom 6538:Animal Liberation 6523: 6522: 6344:Forks Over Knives 6296:Peaceable Kingdom 6256:Shores of Silence 6248:A Cow at My Table 6133:Eternal Treblinka 6085:Animal Liberation 5977: 5976: 5973: 5972: 5864: 5863: 5799:Uncaged Campaigns 5774:Mercy for Animals 5739:Great Ape Project 5654:Animal Liberation 5600:(groups, parties) 5587: 5586: 5583: 5582: 5579: 5578: 5486:Elizabeth Farians 5395:Christine Townend 5335:Heather Nicholson 5265:Brigitte Gothière 5255:Antoine Goetschel 5141: 5140: 4802:Charles Patterson 4707:Gary L. Francione 4682:Josephine Donovan 4672:Daniel Dombrowski 4652:Alasdair Cochrane 4568: 4567: 4564: 4563: 4447: 4446: 4378:Predation problem 4262:Animal euthanasia 4171:Foam depopulation 4006:Insects in ethics 3735:978-1-4331-2136-4 3693:978-1-78660-647-1 3290:. 7 February 2012 3188:. 30 January 2019 2726:978-1-59213-648-3 2676:978-1-4331-5789-9 2609:(7853): 173–174. 2179:(12): 1026–1028. 1753:978-1-137-41290-4 1684:978-0-20379-763-1 1528:978-1-84407-830-1 1463:978-18-530-5054-1 1349:978-1-55130-563-9 1263:Animal liberation 1227:Gail A. Eisnitz, 1125:Jacy Reese Anthis 1070:COVID-19 pandemic 985:biodiversity loss 867:the production of 836:non-human animals 808:Amy J. Fitzgerald 670:Eternal Treblinka 665:Charles Patterson 569:in her 1989 book 440: 439: 284:Companion animals 34:Pigs confined in 16:(Redirected from 6971: 6936: 6935: 6924: 6923: 6915: 6862: 6656: 6649: 6642: 6633: 6620: 6615: 6614: 6426:Animal Sentience 6415: 6280:Legally Blonde 2 6240:The Animals Film 5994: 5983: 5789:Rise for Animals 5614: 5607: 5593: 5456:Edith Carrington 5360:Craig Rosebraugh 5325:Virginia McKenna 5315:Jo-Anne McArthur 5245:Juliet Gellatley 5150: 5108:Mary Anne Warren 5048:Humphrey Primatt 5033:Edward Nicholson 5003:Charles R. Magel 4968:Thomas G. Gentry 4827:Richard D. Ryder 4767:Thomas Lepeltier 4597: 4588: 4574: 4541:World Animal Day 4499:Unnecessary Fuss 4459:Brown Dog affair 4429:Animals in sport 4419:Animal slaughter 4414:Animal sacrifice 4353:Culling wildlife 4156:Wildlife farming 4074: 3919:Animal cognition 3888:Total liberation 3823: 3812: 3797: 3790: 3783: 3774: 3769: 3739: 3720: 3697: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3645: 3639: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3619: 3613: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3593: 3587: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3567: 3561: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3547:. 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Howard Moore 4963:John Galsworthy 4943:Wilhelm Dietler 4886: 4882:Corey Lee Wrenn 4792:Martha Nussbaum 4702:Lawrence Finsen 4642:Paola Cavalieri 4617:Kristin Andrews 4592: 4582: 4560: 4529: 4508: 4443: 4397: 4339: 4311: 4272:Pain in animals 4248: 4180: 4146:Poultry farming 4065: 3897: 3817: 3806: 3801: 3766: 3749: 3736: 3723: 3717: 3700: 3694: 3686:International. 3677: 3674: 3672:Further reading 3669: 3668: 3658: 3656: 3647: 3646: 3642: 3632: 3630: 3621: 3620: 3616: 3606: 3604: 3595: 3594: 3590: 3580: 3578: 3569: 3568: 3564: 3554: 3552: 3539: 3538: 3534: 3500: 3499: 3495: 3465: 3464: 3460: 3450: 3448: 3439: 3438: 3434: 3424: 3422: 3413: 3412: 3408: 3398: 3396: 3387: 3386: 3382: 3372: 3370: 3361: 3360: 3356: 3346: 3344: 3336: 3335: 3331: 3321: 3319: 3308: 3307: 3303: 3293: 3291: 3280: 3279: 3275: 3265: 3263: 3255: 3254: 3250: 3206: 3205: 3201: 3191: 3189: 3185:The Independent 3178: 3177: 3173: 3163: 3162: 3158: 3114: 3113: 3109: 3065: 3064: 3060: 3050: 3048: 3039: 3038: 3034: 3024: 3022: 3013: 3012: 3008: 2998: 2996: 2987: 2986: 2982: 2972: 2970: 2961: 2960: 2956: 2946: 2944: 2936: 2935: 2931: 2885: 2881: 2873:. p. 226. 2859: 2858: 2854: 2844: 2842: 2831: 2830: 2826: 2816: 2814: 2793: 2792: 2788: 2778: 2776: 2739: 2738: 2734: 2727: 2712: 2711: 2707: 2697: 2696: 2692: 2677: 2654: 2653: 2646: 2600: 2599: 2595: 2582: 2581: 2577: 2533: 2532: 2528: 2518: 2516: 2485: 2484: 2477: 2467: 2465: 2427:Adams, Carol J. 2425: 2424: 2415: 2365: 2364: 2360: 2350: 2348: 2339: 2338: 2334: 2324: 2322: 2311: 2310: 2306: 2299: 2274: 2273: 2269: 2262: 2230: 2229: 2220: 2207: 2205: 2201: 2166: 2161: 2160: 2156: 2148: 2141: 2140: 2136: 2126: 2124: 2114: 2113: 2109: 2096: 2094: 2084: 2083: 2070: 2060: 2058: 2031: 2026: 2025: 2018: 2008: 2006: 1969: 1968: 1959: 1952: 1922: 1921: 1898: 1862: 1861: 1857: 1847: 1845: 1808: 1807: 1803: 1793: 1791: 1766: 1765: 1761: 1754: 1725: 1724: 1703: 1694: 1692: 1685: 1651: 1650: 1641: 1631: 1629: 1590: 1589: 1580: 1573:Lexington Books 1569:Animals and War 1566: 1565: 1558: 1551:Lexington Books 1547:Animals and War 1544: 1543: 1536: 1529: 1513: 1512: 1508: 1485: 1484: 1471: 1464: 1456:. 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Ehrlich 960:Borrowing from 952:violations and 933: 927: 852: 769: 763: 745:, which linked 743:Animals and War 635:slaughterhouses 606: 557:The expression 555: 503:working animals 436: 396: 389: 388: 352: 344: 343: 309: 301: 300: 176: 168: 167: 141: 131: 130: 79: 59: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6977: 6975: 6967: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6946: 6945: 6941: 6940: 6928: 6905: 6904: 6902: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6875: 6874: 6872: 6871:Related topics 6868: 6865: 6864: 6857: 6855: 6853: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6821: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6774: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6706:Assistance dog 6698: 6697: 6696: 6691: 6689:Bactrian camel 6681: 6676: 6674:Asian elephant 6670: 6667: 6666: 6661: 6659: 6658: 6651: 6644: 6636: 6627: 6626: 6624: 6623: 6608: 6605: 6604: 6601: 6600: 6597: 6596: 6594: 6593: 6584: 6582: 6578: 6577: 6575: 6574: 6566: 6558: 6550: 6542: 6533: 6531: 6525: 6524: 6521: 6520: 6518: 6517: 6510: 6503: 6496: 6489: 6481: 6479: 6475: 6474: 6472: 6471: 6464: 6457: 6450: 6443: 6436: 6429: 6421: 6419: 6412: 6408: 6407: 6405: 6404: 6396: 6388: 6380: 6372: 6364: 6356: 6348: 6340: 6332: 6324: 6316: 6308: 6300: 6292: 6284: 6276: 6272:Meet Your Meat 6268: 6260: 6252: 6244: 6235: 6233: 6229: 6228: 6226: 6225: 6217: 6209: 6201: 6193: 6185: 6177: 6169: 6161: 6153: 6145: 6137: 6129: 6121: 6113: 6105: 6097: 6089: 6081: 6073: 6069:The New Ethics 6065: 6057: 6049: 6041: 6033: 6025: 6017: 6009: 6000: 5998: 5990: 5989: 5986: 5979: 5978: 5975: 5974: 5971: 5970: 5968: 5967: 5961: 5959: 5955: 5954: 5952: 5951: 5945: 5939: 5933: 5927: 5921: 5915: 5909: 5903: 5900:Animals' Party 5897: 5891: 5885: 5879: 5872: 5870: 5866: 5865: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5858: 5853: 5847: 5842: 5836: 5834: 5830: 5829: 5827: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5669:AnimaNaturalis 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5639:Animal Justice 5636: 5631: 5626: 5620: 5618: 5611: 5603: 5602: 5596: 5589: 5588: 5585: 5584: 5581: 5580: 5577: 5576: 5574: 5573: 5571:Gretchen Wyler 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5501:Lewis Gompertz 5498: 5493: 5491:Emarel Freshel 5488: 5483: 5481:Muriel Dowding 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5432: 5430: 5426: 5425: 5423: 5422: 5417: 5415:Gary Yourofsky 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5330:Ingrid Newkirk 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5275:Charlotte Laws 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5200:Yves Bonnardel 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5175:Martin Balluch 5172: 5167: 5162: 5156: 5154: 5147: 5143: 5142: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5123:Steven M. Wise 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5068:Bernard Rollin 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5028:Leonard Nelson 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4933:Herman Daggett 4930: 4925: 4923:Priscilla Cohn 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4898:Jeremy Bentham 4894: 4892: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4812:Jessica Pierce 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4742:Kyle Johannsen 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4667:David DeGrazia 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4607:Carol J. Adams 4603: 4601: 4594: 4584: 4583: 4577: 4570: 4569: 4566: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4537: 4535: 4531: 4530: 4528: 4527: 4522: 4516: 4514: 4510: 4509: 4507: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4479:Pit of despair 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4455: 4453: 4449: 4448: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4409:Abandoned pets 4405: 4403: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4349: 4347: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4321: 4319: 4313: 4312: 4310: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4258: 4256: 4254:Animal welfare 4250: 4249: 4247: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4229:Model organism 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4190: 4188: 4186:Animal testing 4182: 4181: 4179: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4161:Working animal 4158: 4153: 4151:Slaughterhouse 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4126:Insect farming 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4086:Animal product 4082: 4080: 4071: 4067: 4066: 4064: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4041:Sentiocentrism 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3949:Animal welfare 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3905: 3903: 3899: 3898: 3896: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3829: 3827: 3819: 3818: 3815: 3808: 3807: 3802: 3800: 3799: 3792: 3785: 3777: 3771: 3770: 3764: 3747: 3734: 3721: 3716:978-1440850738 3715: 3698: 3692: 3673: 3670: 3667: 3666: 3640: 3614: 3602:The New Yorker 3588: 3562: 3551:on 25 May 2019 3532: 3513:(2): 158–184. 3493: 3474:(3): 351–369. 3458: 3432: 3414:Fox, Katrina. 3406: 3380: 3354: 3329: 3301: 3273: 3248: 3199: 3171: 3156: 3127:(6): 541–547. 3107: 3058: 3047:. 29 July 2018 3032: 3006: 2980: 2954: 2929: 2880:978-0231151894 2879: 2852: 2824: 2786: 2758:10.1068/a45692 2732: 2725: 2705: 2690: 2675: 2667:10.3726/b14204 2644: 2593: 2575: 2546:(5): 483–495. 2526: 2475: 2413: 2358: 2332: 2304: 2298:978-1137471116 2297: 2267: 2261:978-0199378128 2260: 2246:. p. 44. 2232:Benatar, David 2218: 2154: 2134: 2107: 2091:Britannica.com 2068: 2016: 1957: 1951:978-0739136980 1950: 1896: 1855: 1801: 1759: 1752: 1701: 1683: 1665:(1 ed.). 1639: 1578: 1556: 1534: 1527: 1515:Twine, Richard 1506: 1487:Twine, Richard 1469: 1462: 1450:Noske, Barbara 1441: 1435:978-0739136980 1434: 1362: 1348: 1308: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1253: 1250: 1224: 1185: 1182: 1162:Conagra Brands 1153:slaughterhouse 1133: 1130: 1112:Louise Robbins 1103:. In the book 1093:Main article: 1090: 1087: 1078:Carol J. Adams 977:climate change 946:dairy industry 926: 923: 851: 848: 816:discrimination 804:wildlife trade 765:Main article: 762: 759: 723:Attila the Hun 657:'s 1906 novel 655:Upton Sinclair 631:its stockyards 605: 602: 588:, such as the 554: 551: 547:animal cruelty 527:trophy hunting 507:animals in war 475:animal testing 438: 437: 435: 434: 427: 420: 412: 409: 408: 407: 406: 391: 390: 387: 386: 381: 376: 371: 370: 369: 359: 353: 351:Related topics 350: 349: 346: 345: 342: 341: 336: 334:Sentiocentrism 331: 326: 321: 316: 310: 307: 306: 303: 302: 299: 298: 297: 296: 291: 281: 280: 279: 274: 269: 259: 258: 257: 250:Animal testing 247: 246: 245: 240: 235: 225: 224: 223: 218: 213: 208: 198: 193: 188: 183: 177: 174: 173: 170: 169: 166: 165: 160: 159: 158: 153: 142: 137: 136: 133: 132: 129: 128: 127: 126: 119:Primate rights 116: 111: 106: 104:Animal cruelty 101: 96: 91: 86: 84:Animal welfare 80: 77: 76: 73: 72: 64: 63: 55: 54: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6976: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6951: 6949: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6913: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6876: 6873: 6870: 6869: 6866: 6861: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6845:Water buffalo 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6790: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6711:Detection dog 6709: 6707: 6704: 6703: 6702: 6699: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6686: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6671: 6668: 6664: 6657: 6652: 6650: 6645: 6643: 6638: 6637: 6634: 6618: 6610: 6609: 6606: 6591: 6590: 6586: 6585: 6583: 6579: 6572: 6571: 6567: 6564: 6563: 6559: 6556: 6555: 6551: 6548: 6547: 6546:Tame Yourself 6543: 6540: 6539: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6530: 6526: 6516: 6515: 6511: 6509: 6508: 6507:No Compromise 6504: 6502: 6501: 6497: 6495: 6494: 6490: 6488: 6487: 6483: 6482: 6480: 6476: 6470: 6469: 6465: 6463: 6462: 6458: 6456: 6455: 6451: 6449: 6448: 6444: 6442: 6441: 6437: 6435: 6434: 6430: 6428: 6427: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6416: 6413: 6409: 6402: 6401: 6397: 6394: 6393: 6389: 6386: 6385: 6381: 6378: 6377: 6373: 6370: 6369: 6365: 6362: 6361: 6357: 6354: 6353: 6349: 6346: 6345: 6341: 6338: 6337: 6333: 6330: 6329: 6325: 6322: 6321: 6317: 6314: 6313: 6309: 6306: 6305: 6301: 6298: 6297: 6293: 6290: 6289: 6285: 6282: 6281: 6277: 6274: 6273: 6269: 6266: 6265: 6261: 6258: 6257: 6253: 6250: 6249: 6245: 6242: 6241: 6237: 6236: 6234: 6230: 6223: 6222: 6218: 6215: 6214: 6210: 6207: 6206: 6202: 6199: 6198: 6194: 6191: 6190: 6186: 6183: 6182: 6178: 6175: 6174: 6170: 6167: 6166: 6162: 6159: 6158: 6154: 6151: 6150: 6146: 6143: 6142: 6138: 6135: 6134: 6130: 6127: 6126: 6122: 6119: 6118: 6114: 6111: 6110: 6106: 6103: 6102: 6098: 6095: 6094: 6090: 6087: 6086: 6082: 6079: 6078: 6074: 6071: 6070: 6066: 6063: 6062: 6058: 6055: 6054: 6050: 6047: 6046: 6042: 6039: 6038: 6034: 6031: 6030: 6026: 6023: 6022: 6018: 6015: 6014: 6010: 6008:(3rd century) 6007: 6006: 6002: 6001: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5984: 5980: 5966: 5963: 5962: 5960: 5956: 5949: 5946: 5943: 5940: 5938:(Netherlands) 5937: 5934: 5931: 5928: 5925: 5922: 5919: 5916: 5913: 5910: 5907: 5904: 5901: 5898: 5895: 5892: 5889: 5886: 5883: 5880: 5877: 5874: 5873: 5871: 5867: 5857: 5854: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5837: 5835: 5831: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5664:Animal Rising 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5634:Animal Ethics 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5621: 5619: 5615: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5590: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5531:Jessie Mackay 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5506:James Granger 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5441:Henry B. Amos 5439: 5437: 5434: 5433: 5431: 5427: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5410:Louise Wallis 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5375:Kim Stallwood 5373: 5371: 5370:Jasmin Singer 5368: 5366: 5365:Nathan Runkle 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5350:David Olivier 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5235:John Feldmann 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5210:Aymeric Caron 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5180:Carole Baskin 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5157: 5155: 5151: 5148: 5144: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5083:Laurids Smith 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5053:James Rachels 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4998:John Lawrence 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4908:Brigid Brophy 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4895: 4893: 4889: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4872:Tatjana Višak 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4862:David Sztybel 4860: 4858: 4857:Cass Sunstein 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4822:Mark Rowlands 4820: 4818: 4817:Evelyn Pluhar 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4772:Andrew Linzey 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4757:Will Kymlicka 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4737:Dale Jamieson 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4717:Valéry Giroux 4715: 4713: 4712:Robert Garner 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4677:Sue Donaldson 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4657:J. M. Coetzee 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4622:Tom Beauchamp 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4604: 4602: 4598: 4595: 4589: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4571: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4532: 4526: 4525:Hunt sabotage 4523: 4521: 4518: 4517: 4515: 4513:Methodologies 4511: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4456: 4454: 4450: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4406: 4404: 4400: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4358:Hare coursing 4356: 4354: 4351: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4342: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4314: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4251: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 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3830: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3804:Animal rights 3798: 3793: 3791: 3786: 3784: 3779: 3778: 3775: 3767: 3765:9781138125919 3761: 3757: 3753: 3748: 3746: 3742: 3737: 3731: 3727: 3722: 3718: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3699: 3695: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3676: 3675: 3671: 3655: 3654:Oxfam America 3651: 3644: 3641: 3629: 3625: 3618: 3615: 3603: 3599: 3592: 3589: 3577: 3573: 3566: 3563: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3536: 3533: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3497: 3494: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3462: 3459: 3447: 3443: 3436: 3433: 3421: 3417: 3410: 3407: 3395: 3391: 3384: 3381: 3369: 3365: 3358: 3355: 3343: 3339: 3333: 3330: 3318: 3317: 3312: 3305: 3302: 3289: 3288: 3283: 3277: 3274: 3262: 3258: 3252: 3249: 3244: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3203: 3200: 3187: 3186: 3181: 3175: 3172: 3167: 3160: 3157: 3152: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3111: 3108: 3103: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3062: 3059: 3046: 3042: 3036: 3033: 3021: 3020:Buzzfeed News 3017: 3010: 3007: 2995:. 5 July 2018 2994: 2990: 2984: 2981: 2969: 2965: 2958: 2955: 2943: 2939: 2938:"Meatpacking" 2933: 2930: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2882: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2867: 2862: 2861:Nibert, David 2856: 2853: 2841: 2840: 2835: 2828: 2825: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2790: 2787: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2736: 2733: 2728: 2722: 2718: 2717: 2709: 2706: 2701: 2694: 2691: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2659: 2651: 2649: 2645: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2597: 2594: 2589: 2585: 2579: 2576: 2571: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2530: 2527: 2515: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2482: 2480: 2476: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2405: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2374: 2369: 2362: 2359: 2347: 2343: 2336: 2333: 2321: 2320: 2315: 2308: 2305: 2300: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 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Forster 4918:Mona Caird 4891:Historical 4752:Hilda Kean 4722:Lori Gruen 4056:Vegaphobia 4046:Speciesism 3939:Animal law 3425:30 January 3420:Forbes.com 3399:30 January 3373:30 January 3347:30 January 3322:30 January 3294:30 January 3266:30 January 3192:30 January 2902:): 66–67. 2325:August 29, 2172:BioScience 2055:11023/3739 1695:2021-09-12 1571:. Lanham: 1549:. Lanham: 1304:References 975:including 929:See also: 914:Big Pharma 850:Components 832:neoliberal 828:capitalist 812:Nik Taylor 776:speciesism 774:considers 767:Speciesism 683:Henry Ford 660:The Jungle 622:neoliberal 614:capitalism 471:apiculture 339:Speciesism 191:Mutilation 6889:Livestock 6741:Mercy dog 6726:Guide dog 6721:Guard dog 6694:Dromedary 6554:Manifesto 6493:Bite Back 6478:Magazines 6352:Vegucated 5950:(Germany) 5948:V-Partei³ 5926:(Germany) 5920:(Belgium) 5896:(Finland) 5719:Equanimal 5305:Jim Mason 5260:Mark Gold 5195:Gene Baur 5170:Matt Ball 5146:Activists 5058:Tom Regan 4837:Jeff Sebo 4782:Dan Lyons 4591:Academics 4579:Advocates 4434:Live food 4234:Nafovanny 4141:Livestock 4121:Fur trade 4096:Bile bear 4031:Personism 3826:Overviews 3756:Routledge 3745:1058-1634 3527:148368906 3488:148368906 3219:: 30266. 2924:154641458 2916:2325-548X 2812:2151-8645 2774:143733165 2766:1472-3409 2685:240272942 2639:232429241 2514:2201-3008 2208:10 August 2127:10 August 2097:10 August 2061:29 August 2009:10 August 2004:147298407 1996:0002-7642 1891:2151-8645 1843:150332354 1835:1568-5306 1789:225822910 1667:Routledge 1617:1464-3529 1355:7 October 954:cruelties 870:foie gras 725:. As the 679:Holocaust 384:Welfarism 329:Personism 262:Captivity 146:Advocates 6938:Politics 6840:Reindeer 6808:Pit pony 6766:Sled dog 6617:Category 6486:Arkangel 6418:Journals 6392:Dominion 6328:The Cove 5958:Activism 5902:(Sweden) 5890:(Canada) 5884:(Europe) 5598:Movement 5133:Voltaire 4051:Veganism 4001:Ethology 3902:Concepts 3243:27104340 3151:15150395 3102:30046554 2863:(2013). 2631:33785930 2570:32359479 2463:73275679 2455:26161653 2429:(1997). 2404:35757873 2380:(1857). 2351:June 16, 2319:Truthdig 2234:(2015). 1934:(eds.). 1926:(2011). 1659:(eds.). 1517:(2010). 1489:(2012). 1452:(1989). 1418:(eds.). 1406:(2011). 1252:See also 1225:— 675:compares 673:, which 379:Humanism 272:Circuses 255:Cosmetic 139:Movement 109:Veganism 99:Timeline 78:Overview 51:a series 49:Part of 6926:Animals 6912:Portals 5932:(Italy) 5914:(Spain) 5908:(Italy) 5869:Parties 4363:Hunting 4317:Fishing 3976:Carnism 3261:Npr.org 3234:4841092 3142:1763658 3093:6036995 2898:, LLC ( 2611:Bibcode 2561:7118693 2395:9237743 1626:7953978 1158:Cargill 1005:bycatch 800:aquaria 792:fishing 788:hunting 537:(e.g., 487:leather 467:poultry 451:animals 367:Radical 324:Carnism 243:Fishing 238:Hunting 186:Killing 94:History 6778:Donkey 6619: 6592:(2003) 6573:(2014) 6565:(2014) 6557:(2008) 6549:(1991) 6541:(1987) 6529:Albums 6403:(2021) 6395:(2018) 6387:(2016) 6379:(2013) 6371:(2013) 6363:(2013) 6355:(2011) 6347:(2011) 6339:(2009) 6331:(2009) 6323:(2007) 6315:(2006) 6307:(2005) 6299:(2004) 6291:(2003) 6283:(2003) 6275:(2002) 6267:(2000) 6259:(2000) 6251:(1998) 6243:(1981) 6224:(2022) 6216:(2022) 6208:(2020) 6200:(2018) 6192:(2016) 6184:(2014) 6176:(2012) 6168:(2010) 6160:(2009) 6152:(2008) 6144:(2005) 6136:(2001) 6128:(1999) 6120:(1995) 6112:(1993) 6104:(1987) 6096:(1983) 6088:(1975) 6080:(1971) 6072:(1907) 6064:(1906) 6056:(1899) 6048:(1897) 6040:(1892) 6032:(1883) 6024:(1838) 6016:(1824) 5610:Groups 4070:Issues 3914:Ahimsa 3762: 3743: 3732: 3713: 3690: 3659:23 May 3633:23 May 3607:23 May 3581:23 May 3555:23 May 3525: 3486: 3451:23 May 3241: 3231: 3149: 3139: 3100: 3090: 3051:23 May 3025:23 May 2999:23 May 2973:23 May 2947:23 May 2922: 2914: 2877: 2845:17 May 2810: 2772: 2764: 2723: 2683: 2673: 2637: 2629: 2603:Nature 2568: 2558: 2512: 2461: 2453: 2402: 2392: 2295: 2258: 2002: 1994: 1948: 1889: 1841: 1833: 1787: 1750: 1681: 1623: 1615: 1525: 1460: 1432: 1346: 1258:Ag-gag 1009:vegans 925:Impact 859:Gavage 824:sexism 820:racism 712:, 1893 649:, and 515:circus 221:Cattle 211:Horses 163:Groups 151:Vegans 6825:Llama 6788:Horse 6783:Gayal 6684:Camel 6514:Satya 6232:Films 5997:Books 5819:Viva! 4452:Cases 4402:Other 3523:S2CID 3484:S2CID 2920:S2CID 2894:(2). 2806:(1). 2770:S2CID 2681:S2CID 2635:S2CID 2459:S2CID 2451:JSTOR 2202:(PDF) 2167:(PDF) 2149:(PDF) 2032:(PDF) 2000:S2CID 1839:S2CID 1785:S2CID 1410:. 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