313:
1.189). In the story, this partition leads to a family feud in which an alliance of the two elder sons (who rule over the AnÄrÄnian lands) battle the forces of the youngest (the
Iranians). The Iranians win.
301:) divides his kingdom ā the whole world ā among his three sons, he gives the Semitic lands in the west to the eldest, the lands of the north to his middle son Tur (Avestan
155:
317:
For
Ferdowsi, the Turanians/AnÄrÄnians (often used interchangeably) are unquestionably the villains of the piece. Their conflict with Iranians is the main theme of the
177:
The proclamation as "king of kings of ÄrÄn and AnÄrÄn" remained a stock epithet of subsequent
Sassanid dynasts. Thirty years after Shapur, the Zoroastrian high-priest
270:
7.2, 19.1) that the lands of Angra Mainyu (Middle
Persian: Ahriman) lay to the north. The two sources do however diverge with respect to details. In the Avesta,
100:. However, "in Zoroastrian literature and possibly in Sasanian political thought as well, the term has also a markedly religious connotation. An
471:
321:
and accounts for more than half of the text. The deaths of heroes and other admirable figures are frequently attributed to
Turanians. Thus
481:
456:
466:
114:("demons") or adherents of other religions." In these texts of the ninth to twelfth century, "Arabs and Turks are called
286:) is not AnÄrÄn ā Sogdia is one of the sixteen lands created by Mazda, not one of the lands of Angra Mainyu.
461:
399:
378:
361:
194:
451:
235:
143:
289:
Nonetheless, for
Ferdowsi the division between ÄrÄn and AnÄrÄn is just as rigid as it is in the
394:
69:
are not spoken. In a pejorative sense, it denotes "a political and religious enemy of Iran and
66:
476:
283:
261:
147:
97:
84:
210:
77:
70:
48:
34:
197:) contradicts Shapur's, which included the same two regions in his list of regions of
445:
373:
256:
draws on
Zoroastrian scripture (with due attribution) and retains the association of
279:
151:
62:
230:
92:
58:
356:
163:
326:
248:
222:
294:
266:
253:
214:
182:
127:
104:
person is not merely non-Iranian, but specifically non-Zoroastrian; and
65:" (non-Aryan). Thus, in a general sense, 'Aniran' signifies lands where
186:
167:
170:- all three previously captured from the Romans ā in his list of
17:
325:
5.92 says a
Turanian raider named Tur-Baratur killed the 77-year-old
271:
218:
178:
330:
159:
109:
260:
with the
Turanians. From the point of view of Ferdowsi's home in
209:
In the ninth to twelfth century
Zoroastrian texts, the legendary
126:
In official usage, the term is first attested in inscriptions of
154:, the enemies of the Sassanid state. This is also reflected in
264:, this identification coincides with the Avestan notion (e.g.
118:, as are Muslims generally, the latter in a veiled manner."
225:) the most hated among the beings that Ahriman (Avestan
130:(r. 241ā272), who styled himself the "king of kings of
193:
territories. In this, Kartir's inscription (also at
38:
57:) is an ethno-linguistic term that signifies "non-
352:
350:
348:
346:
27:Ethno-linguistic term that signifies "non-Aryan"
156:Shapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht
96:that in turn denoted either the people or the
52:
8:
390:
388:
433:, New York: Columbia UP, pp. 130ā131
342:
142:reflected the emperor's victories over
431:Zoroaster, the prophet of ancient Iran
7:
39:
53:
305:, hence the name "Turanian"), and
108:designates also worshipers of the
25:
150:, and staked a claim against the
429:Williams Jackson, A.V. (1899),
76:The term 'Aniran' derives from
1:
417:, New York: OUP, pp. 5ā6
158:, where the emperor includes
413:Dhalla, Maneckji N. (1922),
213:king and military commander
472:Ethno-cultural designations
293:: When the primordial king
498:
482:Persian words and phrases
457:History of Zoroastrianism
205:In scripture and folklore
415:Zoroastrian Civilization
467:Ancient history of Iran
138:." Shapur's claim to
400:EncyclopƦdia Iranica
379:EncyclopƦdia Iranica
362:EncyclopƦdia Iranica
236:Zand-i Wahman yasn
229:) set against the
217:is (together with
309:to his youngest (
284:Samarqand Regions
195:Ka'ba-ye Zartosht
90:, an antonym of
67:Iranian languages
16:(Redirected from
489:
436:
434:
426:
420:
418:
410:
404:
392:
383:
374:"ÄrÄn, ÄrÄnÅ”ahr"
371:
365:
354:
56:
55:
42:
41:
21:
497:
496:
492:
491:
490:
488:
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462:Sasanian Empire
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407:
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386:
372:
368:
355:
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189:in his list of
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122:In inscriptions
98:Sasanian Empire
28:
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22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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493:
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484:
479:
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469:
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384:
366:
341:
340:
338:
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278:, present-day
206:
203:
174:territories.
123:
120:
78:Middle Persian
71:Zoroastrianism
49:Modern Persian
35:Middle Persian
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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241:Menog-i Khrad
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184:
181:included the
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275:
265:
257:
247:
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234:
227:Angra Mainyu
226:
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152:Roman Empire
139:
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125:
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91:
87:
80:
75:
44:
40:š šš©š„š š
30:
29:
252:, the poet
446:Categories
395:"AfrÄsÄ«Äb"
164:Cappadocia
61:" or "non-
452:Shahnameh
327:Zoroaster
323:Shahnameh
319:Shahnameh
311:Shahnameh
299:ĪraÄtaona
297:(Avestan
274:(Avestan
249:Shahnameh
223:Alexander
357:"AnÄrÄn"
295:Fereydun
267:Vendidad
262:Khorasan
254:Ferdowsi
231:Iranians
215:Afrasiab
211:Turanian
183:Caucasus
144:Valerian
128:Shapur I
477:Exonyms
276:Sughdha
246:In the
187:Armenia
168:Cilicia
85:Pahlavi
59:Iranian
291:Avesta
272:Sogdia
258:Aneran
243:8.29)
239:7.32;
191:AnÄrÄn
179:Kartir
172:AnÄrÄn
166:, and
148:Philip
140:AnÄrÄn
136:AnÄrÄn
88:Ź¼nyrŹ¼n
81:anÄrÄn
54:Ų§ŁŪŲ±Ų§Ł
45:AnÄ«rĆ¢n
31:AnÄrÄn
18:Aniran
331:Balkh
303:Turya
280:Sughd
219:Dahag
160:Syria
43:) or
307:ÄrÄn
282:and
221:and
199:ÄrÄn
185:and
146:and
134:and
132:ÄrÄn
116:anÄr
111:dÄws
106:anÄr
102:anÄr
93:ÄrÄn
63:Iran
397:at
376:at
359:at
329:in
73:."
448::
387:^
345:^
333:.
201:.
162:,
83:,
51:,
37:,
435:.
419:.
403:.
382:.
233:(
47:(
33:(
20:)
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